专题08 单项选择之定语从句- 2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（天津专用）

热点题型·选择题攻略 专题08 单项选择之定语从句 天津英语单选难度较为中等，没有所谓“偏，难，怪”的题目，重要的是了解考纲，做到快速判断考察的知识点，重点突破语法。 涉及知识点：情景交际，时态语态，非谓语动词，定语从句，名词性从句，情态动词，状语从句，词汇，短语辨析。 英语中，三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句考查较多，尤其是which引导的非限制性定语从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 从句类型 连接词 作用/成分 意义 名词性从句 that × × if/whether × “是否” What(ever) / which(ever) /who(ever) / Whom(ever) / whose / how many / how much 主语、宾语、表语、定语 (无论)什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少 when(ever) / where(ver) / how(ever) / why / because 状语、表语 （无论）何时/何地/怎样、为什么，因为 形容词性从句 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 主语、宾语、表语、定语 谁、谁的、哪一个、如...一样 where, when, why (不引导非限制性定从) 状语 何地、何时、为什么 副词性从句 时间状语从句when, while, as；the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time；before和since；till和until 状语 当时候；一...就...；在...之前，自从...，直到...才... 让步状语从句：although, though, as以及even if, even though 状语 虽然、即使 结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that” 状语 如此...以致 条件状语从句if, unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing 状语 如果；除非；如果 原因状语从句because, since, as, for (原因分句) 状语 因为 高考对定语从句的要求： 1. 掌握限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 2. 区别关系代词和关系副词，介词+关系代词的用法。 年份 定语从句 难度系数 2023 关系副词where引导限制性定语从句 0.65 　 2022 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 0.85 2021 关系副词when引导限制性定语从句；“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 0.65 关系副词where引导限制性定语从句 0.65　 2020 whose引导的非限制性定语从句; 0.65 2019 关系副词when引导限制性定语从句；关系副词where引导限制性定语从句 0.65　 考点1　定语从句的种类 (1)限制性定语从句 从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。 This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限制性定语从句 从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 考点2 关系代词与关系副词 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关 系 代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人、物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人、物 主语、宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语、宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人、物 主语、宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as作宾语一般不省略 关 系 副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which替换 where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which替换 why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which替换 考点3　　关系代词that和which的特殊用法 1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况： (1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。 I will tell you everything that I know. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。 What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to? (3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。 Chatting is the only thing that interests her. (4)先行词中既有人也有物。 The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me. (5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 Who is the boy that is lying under the tree? 2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况： (1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。 The house in which we live is very large. (2)非限制性定语从句中。 He changed his mind, which made me angry. (3)先行词本身是that。 What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now? 考点4　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 语法意义及特征 例句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略 His mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ago. 考点5　关系代词as和which的区别 1. 位置不同。 as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。 As we all know, life is not a bed of roses. Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know. 2. 意义不同。 as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。 As often happened, they won the football game again. It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out. 3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。 Such books as you want are sold out. 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A．why B．which C．that D．where 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 3．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 7．（2018·天津·高考真题）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in. A．why B．which C．whom D．where 8．（2017·天津·高考真题）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go. A．that B．where C．which D．why 9．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A．whom B．that C．whose D．her 12．（2016·天津·高考真题）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better. A．that B．where C．which D．when 13．（2015·天津·高考真题）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．who 14．（2014·天津·高考真题）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently. A．all of which B．each of which C．all of them D．each of them 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点题型·选择题攻略 专题08 单项选择之定语从句 天津英语单选难度较为中等，没有所谓“偏，难，怪”的题目，重要的是了解考纲，做到快速判断考察的知识点，重点突破语法。 涉及知识点：情景交际，时态语态，非谓语动词，定语从句，名词性从句，情态动词，状语从句，词汇，短语辨析。 英语中，三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句考查较多，尤其是which引导的非限制性定语从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 从句类型 连接词 作用/成分 意义 名词性从句 that × × if/whether × “是否” What(ever) / which(ever) /who(ever) / Whom(ever) / whose / how many / how much 主语、宾语、表语、定语 (无论)什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少 when(ever) / where(ver) / how(ever) / why / because 状语、表语 （无论）何时/何地/怎样、为什么，因为 形容词性从句 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 主语、宾语、表语、定语 谁、谁的、哪一个、如...一样 where, when, why (不引导非限制性定从) 状语 何地、何时、为什么 副词性从句 时间状语从句when, while, as；the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time；before和since；till和until 状语 当时候；一...就...；在...之前，自从...，直到...才... 让步状语从句：although, though, as以及even if, even though 状语 虽然、即使 结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that” 状语 如此...以致 条件状语从句if, unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing 状语 如果；除非；如果 原因状语从句because, since, as, for (原因分句) 状语 因为 *** 定语从句 *** 高考对定语从句的要求： 1. 掌握限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 2. 区别关系代词和关系副词，介词+关系代词的用法。 年份 定语从句 难度系数 2023 关系副词where引导限制性定语从句 0.65 　 2022 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 0.85 2021 关系副词when引导限制性定语从句；“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 0.65 关系副词where引导限制性定语从句 0.65　 2020 whose引导的非限制性定语从句; 0.65 2019 关系副词when引导限制性定语从句；关系副词where引导限制性定语从句 0.65　 考点1　定语从句的种类 (1)限制性定语从句 从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。 This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限制性定语从句 从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 考点2 关系代词与关系副词 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关 系 代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人、物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人、物 主语、宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语、宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人、物 主语、宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as作宾语一般不省略 关 系 副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which替换 where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which替换 why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which替换 考点3　　关系代词that和which的特殊用法 1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况： (1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。 I will tell you everything that I know. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。 What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to? (3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。 Chatting is the only thing that interests her. (4)先行词中既有人也有物。 The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me. (5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 Who is the boy that is lying under the tree? 2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况： (1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。 The house in which we live is very large. (2)非限制性定语从句中。 He changed his mind, which made me angry. (3)先行词本身是that。 What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now? 考点4　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 语法意义及特征 例句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略 His mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ago. 考点5　关系代词as和which的区别 1. 位置不同。 as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。 As we all know, life is not a bed of roses. Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know. 2. 意义不同。 as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。 As often happened, they won the football game again. It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out. 3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。 Such books as you want are sold out. 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A．why B．which C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。 3．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为先行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。 7．（2018·天津·高考真题）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in. A．why B．which C．whom D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：接待处前排起了常常的队伍，每个人都在登记。分析句子的可知，the reception desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。 【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点： (1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。 (2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。 (3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 分析句子的可知，the reception desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。 8．（2017·天津·高考真题）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go. A．that B．where C．which D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我的职业生涯中，我已经到了我需要决定走哪条路的地步。 分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a point，表示抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语。故选B。 【点睛】 9．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students，是人，排除B/C；代入定语从句________up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 100 students will be from abroad.故D选项正确。 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A．whom B．that C．whose D．her 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。 点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。 12．（2016·天津·高考真题）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。 【点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 13．（2015·天津·高考真题）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．who 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故选A。 【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。 14．（2014·天津·高考真题）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently. A．all of which B．each of which C．all of them D．each of them 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1. 确定从句：从空格到句末是定语从句。排除CD项，这两项并不是定语从句。2. 确定成分：从句_________ uses it differently.缺少主语，根据前一句可知，先行词是several diverse cultures，在定语从句里使用which指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。3. 确定选项：A项在定语从句中作主语的时候，谓语动词要使用复数形式，定语从句中的uses说明A项是错误的。B项中的each作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。句意：英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言，每一种文化使用英语的方法都是不一样的。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$