第10讲 必修三 Unit4 课文学习&知识点讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第10讲 新课学习必修第三册Unit 4（课文学习&知识讲解） 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1. Vocabulary Master words like "determined", "launch" for space topic. 2. Sentence Patterns Grasp "make + obj. + obj. complement" and "not only...but also". 3.Grammar Understand infinitive as attrib. & adverbial in space context. 4. Cultural Awareness Know space exploration's significance and challenges. 高频词汇 1. determined（有决心的；意志坚定的） 用法：常用于 “be determined to do sth.” 结构，表示 “决心做某事”。 例句：She is determined to become a famous singer.（她决心成为一名著名歌手。） 拓展：其动词形式 “determine”，有 “查明；确定；决定” 之意，如 “determine to do sth.”（决定做某事），“determine on sth.”（决定某事）。例如：He determined to study harder.（他决定更加努力学习。）名词形式 “determination” 表示 “决心；测定；决定”。 2. launch（发射；发起；上市） 用法：可作及物动词，如 “launch a satellite”（发射卫星），“launch a new product”（推出新产品）；也可作名词，如 “the launch of a spaceship”（一艘宇宙飞船的发射）。 例句：The company will launch a new advertising campaign next month.（公司下个月将发起一场新的广告宣传活动。） 拓展：相关短语 “launch into” 表示 “开始（做某事）；投入（某活动）”，例如：He launched into a long speech about his plans.（他开始长篇大论地讲述他的计划。） 3. disappointed（失望的；沮丧的） 用法：常见搭配有 “be disappointed to do sth.”（对做某事感到失望），“be disappointed at/by sth.”（对某事物感到失望），“be disappointed with/in sb./sth.”（对某人 / 某事物感到失望），“be disappointed that...”（对…… 感到失望）。 例句：I was disappointed to hear that I didn't get the job.（听到我没有得到那份工作，我很失望。） 拓展：动词 “disappoint” 表示 “使失望”，形容词 “disappointing” 表示 “令人失望的”，名词 “disappointment” 表示 “失望”，如 “to one's disappointment”（令某人失望的是）。例如：The movie was disappointing.（这部电影令人失望。） 4. desire（渴望；欲望；渴望；期望） 用法：作名词时，有 “a/the desire for...”（对…… 的渴望），“a/the desire to do sth.”（对做某事的渴望）；作动词时，“desire to do sth.”（渴望做某事），“desire sb. to do sth.”（渴望某人做某事）。 例句：He has a strong desire for knowledge.（他有强烈的求知欲。）She desires to travel around the world.（她渴望环游世界。） 拓展：形容词 “desirable” 表示 “理想的，可取的”，例如：It is desirable to have a good education.（有良好的教育是可取的。） 5. carry on（继续做，坚持干） 用法：可接名词或动词 -ing 形式，如 “carry on a conversation”（继续交谈），“carry on working”（继续工作）；也可用于 “carry on with sth.” 结构，如 “carry on with the project”（继续这个项目）。 例句：Despite the difficulties, they carried on with their research.（尽管困难重重，他们仍继续他们的研究。） 拓展：其近义词组有 “keep on”“go on” 等，但 “carry on” 更强调坚持、持续做某事。例如：Keep on trying and you will succeed.（继续努力，你会成功的。） 6. independently（独立地；自立地） 用法：副词，用于修饰动词，表示 “独立地做某事”，如 “think independently”（独立思考），“act independently”（独立行动）。 例句：The children are learning to do things independently.（孩子们正在学习独立做事。） 拓展：形容词 “independent” 表示 “独立的；自主的；自立的；不相关的；不受影响的”，常见搭配有 “be independent from/of”（国家从…… 独立），“be independent of”（不依赖……；不受…… 的影响；与…… 不相关）。名词 “independence” 表示 “独立”，例如：The country gained its independence in 1949.（这个国家在 1949 年获得独立。） 7. signal（标志着；标明；发信号；示意；信号；标志） 用法：作动词时，“signal to sb.”（向某人示意），“signal (to) sb. to do sth.”（示意某人做某事），“send out a signal”（发出信号）；作名词时，“traffic signals”（交通信号灯）等。 例句：The teacher signalled to the students to be quiet.（老师示意学生们安静。）A red light is a signal to stop.（红灯是停止的信号。） 拓展：相关短语 “signal out” 表示 “指出；使突出”，例如：The report signalled out the key problems.（报告指出了关键问题。） 8. so as to（为了；以便） 用法：表目的，通常不置于句首，其否定形式是在 to 前加 not，即 “so as not to do...”。 例句：He got up early so as to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。） 拓展：近义词组有 “in order to”“so that”“in order that” 等。“in order to” 在句中作目的状语，可置于句首或句末，置于句末时可与 “so as to” 互换；“in order that”“so that” 可引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词 can、may、could、might 等，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，“in order that”“so that” 可以和 “in order to”“so as to” 互换。例如：He studies hard in order to get good grades. = He studies hard so as to get good grades. = He studies hard in order that he can get good grades. = He studies hard so that he can get good grades.（他努力学习为了取得好成绩。） 9. lack（缺乏；短缺；没有；缺乏） 用法：作名词时，“(a/the) lack of...”（缺少……），“for lack of”（由于缺少……）；作动词时，“lack sth.”（缺少某物）。 例句：The plants died for lack of water.（这些植物因缺水而死。）He lacks confidence.（他缺乏信心。） 拓展：形容词 “lacking” 表示 “欠缺的；缺乏的”，常用搭配 “be lacking in”（缺乏……），例如：The diet is lacking in nutrition.（这种饮食缺乏营养。） 10. figure out（弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白） 用法：后接 wh - /how... ，表示 “弄清楚 / 计算出……”，如 “figure out a problem”（解决一个问题），“figure out how to do sth.”（弄明白如何做某事）。 例句：I can't figure out what he means.（我不明白他的意思。） 拓展：动词 “figure” 还有 “计算；认为” 之意，名词 “figure” 有 “数字；人物；身材；雕像” 等意思。相关短语有 “break out”（战争、灾难等爆发；突然开始），“bring out”（使显现；出版；生产），“give out”（发出，放出热、光等；分发；用完；耗尽），“leave out”（遗漏，不包括），“pick out”（精心挑选；辨别出），“turn out”（制造；生产；原来是；结果是）等。例如：The war broke out in 1939.（战争在 1939 年爆发。） 11. argue（论证；争辩；争论） 用法：“argue (with sb.) about /over sth.”（为某事物与某人争论 / 争吵），“argue against/for (doing) sth.”（陈述理由反对 / 支持做某事），“argue sb. into/out of doing sth.”（说服某人做 / 不做某事），“argue that...”（主张……）。 例句：They argued with each other about the best way to solve the problem.（他们就解决问题的最佳方法相互争论。）He argued for the importance of education.（他论证了教育的重要性。） 拓展：名词 “argument” 表示 “争论；论点；论据”，常见搭配有 “have an argument with sb. about/over sth.”（就某事物与某人发生争吵），“get into an argument with...”（和…… 争吵起来）。表示 “说服 / 劝说某人做某事” 的搭配还有 “persuade sb. into doing sth. /to do sth.”“talk sb. into doing sth.”“advise sb. to do sth.” 等。例如：They had an argument over money.（他们为钱争吵。） 12. result in（导致；造成） 用法：后接结果，表示 “导致…… 的结果”，如 “result in a traffic jam”（导致交通堵塞），“result in failure”（导致失败）。 例句：His carelessness resulted in the accident.（他的粗心导致了这次事故。） 拓展：“result from” 表示 “因…… 发生；随…… 产生”，例如：His success resulted from his hard work.（他的成功源于他的努力工作。）相关短语还有 “as a result of”（由于……），“as a result”（结果）。表示 “导致” 的短语还有 “bring about”“lead to”“contribute to” 等。例如：The heavy rain caused a flood. = The heavy rain brought about a flood. = The heavy rain led to a flood. = The heavy rain contributed to a flood.（大雨导致了洪水。） 13. limited（有限的） 用法：形容词，用于描述事物的有限性，如 “limited resources”（有限的资源），“a limited time”（有限的时间）。 例句：We have limited space in the classroom.（我们教室里的空间有限。） 拓展：动词 “limit” 表示 “限制；限定”，常见搭配 “limit... to...”（把…… 限制在…… 内，被动语态 be limited to...），“set a limit”（设定限度），“there is a/no limit to...”（…… 是有限的 / 无限的）。形容词 “unlimited” 表示 “尽量多的；任意多的；无限制的”，“limitless” 表示 “无限的”，名词 “limitation” 表示 “限制；控制；局限”。例如：The speed is limited to 60 kilometers per hour.（速度被限制在每小时 60 公里。） 14. run out（用完；耗尽） 用法：不及物动词短语，以物作主语，如 “Time runs out.”（时间用完了。）“Our food is running out.”（我们的食物快吃完了。） 例句：The petrol is running out. We need to find a gas station soon.（汽油快用完了。我们需要尽快找到一个加油站。） 拓展：近义词组有 “give out”（表示 “用完” 时，用法与 “run out” 相同）；“run out of”“use up” 是及物动词短语，以人作主语，物作宾语，如 “We have run out of paper.”（我们的纸用完了。）“He used up all his money.”（他把所有的钱都花光了。）相关短语还有 “run after”（追逐；追求），“run across”（偶然遇到），“run into”（撞上；遇到困难等；碰到某人）等。例如：He is running after his dream.（他在追求他的梦想。） 15. attach（系；绑；贴；重视；缠着） 用法：“attach... to...”（把…… 固定 / 附在…… 上），“attach importance/significance/value to sth.”（认为某物重要 / 有意义 / 有价值），“attach oneself to sb.”（和某人在一起，缠着某人）。 例句：Attach the label to the box.（把标签贴在盒子上。）Parents attach great importance to their children's education.（父母非常重视孩子的教育。） 拓展：形容词 “attached” 表示 “依恋；附属于”，常见搭配 “be attached to”（附属于……；依恋……），名词 “attachment” 表示 “附属物；（电子邮件的）附件；喜欢”。例如：I am very attached to my hometown.（我非常依恋我的家乡。） 重点句型 1. make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 构成： “make + sb. /sth. + 动词原形”，表示 “让某人 / 某物做某事”，例如：The teacher made the students read English aloud.（老师让学生大声读英语。） “make + sb. /sth. + 过去分词”，表示 “使某人 / 某物被……”，例如：He made his voice heard in the noisy room.（他在嘈杂的房间里让别人听到了他的声音。） “make + sb. /sth. + 形容词”，表示 “使某人 / 某物……”，例如：The good news made him happy.（这个好消息使他高兴。） “make + sb. /sth. + 名词”，表示 “让某人 / 某物成为……”，例如：We made him our monitor.（我们选他当班长。） 2. not only... but also... 用法：用于连接两个并列的成分，意为 “不但…… 而且……”，其中 also 有时可以省略。例如：He is not only good at math but (also) good at English.（他不但擅长数学而且擅长英语。） 注意事项： 若连接两个分句且 not only 位于句首时，not only 所在的分句要用部分倒装。例如：Not only does he like reading, but he also likes writing.（他不但喜欢阅读，而且喜欢写作。） 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近一致” 原则，即谓语动词与 but also 后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Not only the students but also the teacher likes this song.（不但学生而且老师都喜欢这首歌。） 结构拓展：遵循 “就近一致” 原则的并列连词还有 “either... or...”（不是…… 就是……），“not... but...”（不是…… 而是……），“neither... nor...”（既不…… 也不……）。例如：Either you or he has to clean the classroom.（不是你就是他得打扫教室。）Not you but your brother is to blame.（不是你而是你弟弟该受责备。）Neither my parents nor I am interested in this movie.（我父母和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。） 语法精讲 1. 不定式作定语 1) 位置规则：不定式作定语时，需放在被修饰词之后，用来对名词或代词进行修饰限定。比如：I have a lot of work to do.（我有很多工作要做。）“to do” 修饰 “work”，明确工作是需要去完成的，且动作尚未发生。 2) 适用情况 表示将来动作：常用于表示即将进行的动作，像 “The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.”（明天要举行的会议非常重要。）“to be held tomorrow” 修饰 “meeting”，表明会议是明天将要举行的。 中心词特性：当中心词被序数词（如 the first、the second 等）、形容词最高级（如 the best、the most beautiful 等）、the last、the only 等修饰时，常接不定式作定语。例如 “He is the only student to answer the question correctly.”（他是唯一正确回答问题的学生。）“to answer the question correctly” 修饰 “the only student”，强调其唯一性以及 “回答问题正确” 这个动作。 抽象名词搭配：抽象名词如 “ability”（能力）、“chance”（机会）、“desire”（渴望）、“plan”（计划）等，其后常用不定式作定语。例如 “She has the ability to sing beautifully.”（她有唱歌好听的能力。）“to sing beautifully” 修饰 “ability”，说明是唱歌好听的能力。 不定代词后置：不定代词 something、anything、nothing 等后常接不定式作定语。例如 “Is there anything to eat?”（有什么吃的东西吗？）“to eat” 修饰 “anything”，表示可吃的东西。 3) 注意细节 不及物动词补充介词：若作定语的不定式是不及物动词，且与被修饰词存在地点、工具等关系时，要添加适当介词。例如 “He needs a pen to write with.”（他需要一支笔来写字。）“write” 是不及物动词，需加 “with” 与 “pen” 构成合理搭配，表示写字用的笔。 主动与被动形式差异：当被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式主动和被动形式含义不同。如 “I have a letter to post.”（我有一封信要寄。）这里 “我” 是寄信的执行者；而 “I have a letter to be posted.”（我有一封信要（被）寄。）则不强调执行者，可能是别人帮忙寄或者其他情况。 2. 不定式作状语 1) 作目的状语 位置与表达：可置于句首或句末，用于说明动作的目的。为强调目的，可用 in order to 或 so as to（但 so as to 不能置于句首）。例如 “To get good grades, he studies hard every day.”（为了取得好成绩，他每天努力学习。）“To get good grades” 置于句首表示目的；也可写成 “He studies hard every day in order to get good grades.” 或 “He studies hard every day so as to get good grades.” 置于句末同样表示目的。 逻辑关系：清晰表明主语实施谓语动作的目的，使句子逻辑更明确。例如 “She got up early so as to catch the first bus.”（她早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。）“catch the first bus” 是 “got up early” 的目的。 2) 作结果状语 位置与结构：通常位于句末，常用在 so... as to...、such... as to...、enough to...、too... to... 等结构中。例如 “He is too tired to walk any further.”（他太累了，走不动了。）“too tired” 和 “to walk any further” 构成结果关系，表示因为太累而不能再走。 意外结果表达：有时不定式表示一种出乎意料的结果，可在前面加 only。例如 “I rushed to the station only to find the train had left.”（我匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。）“only to find” 表结果出乎意料。 3) 作原因状语 结构特征：主要用于 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构中，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。例如 “He is happy to see his old friends.”（他很高兴见到他的老朋友。）“to see his old friends” 是 “happy” 的原因。 常见形容词：常用于此结构的形容词有 glad（高兴的）、sorry（抱歉的）、surprised（惊讶的）等。例 “I'm sorry to hear that you are ill.”（听说你病了，我很难过。）“to hear that you are ill” 是 “sorry” 的原因。 (2019人教版英语必修三第42、80、81页改编) Look at the following sentences, mark the infinitives and tell their functions and meanings. 1. The astronauts had many tasks to do in space as part of their mission. ( ) 2. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. ( ) 3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day. ( ) 4. The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay(货仓) that is large enough to hold a satellite. ( ) 5. The International Space Station was too big to build on Earth. ( ) 6. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. ( ) 核心考点 1：determined 1. She is a very ______ (determine) girl and she never gives up easily. 2. ______ (determine) to succeed, he worked day and night. 3. He made a ______ (determine) effort to improve his English. 核心考点 2：launch 1. The company ______ (launch) a new product next month. 2. The ______ (launch) of the new satellite was a great success. 3. They are planning ______ (launch) a campaign to raise awareness of environmental protection. 核心考点 3：disappointed 1. I was very ______ (disappoint) when I heard the bad news. 2. She looked ______ (disappoint) because she didn't get the job she wanted. 3. To my great ______ (disappoint), he didn't keep his promise. 核心考点 4：desire 1. He has a strong ______ (desire) to become a famous scientist. 2. She ______ (desire) to go abroad for further study. 3. The little boy's desire______ knowledge is very strong. 核心考点 5：carry on 1. We should carry ______with our plan despite the difficulties. 2. After a short break, they ______ (carry) on working. 3. The doctor told him ______ (carry) on taking the medicine for another week. 核心考点 6：signal 1. The policeman ______ (signal) to the driver to stop. 2. A red light is usually a ______ (signal) for danger. 3. They ______ (signal) that they needed help by waving their hands. 核心考点 7：attach 1. Please ______ (attach) your photo to the application form. 2. She ______ (attaches /attached) great importance to education. 3. The document has an ______ (attach) that you need to read carefully. 核心考点 8：make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 1. The teacher made the students ______ (stand) in a line. 2. His joke made us all ______ (laugh) loudly. 3. The boss made the workers ______ (work) overtime. 核心考点 9：not only... but also... 1. Not only the children but also their father ______ (like) watching cartoons. 2. She can not only ______ (speak) English but also ______ (write) English articles. 3. Not only does he study hard,_______ he also helps others with their studies. 核心考点 10：不定式作定语 1. I have a lot of clothes ______ (wash). 2. The best way ______ (solve) the problem is to ask for help. 3. Do you have anything ______ (say) for yourself? 核心考点 11：不定式作状语 1. She got up early ______ (catch) the first bus. 2. He ran all the way to the station only ______ (find) the train had left. 3. I'm glad ______ (see) you again. 一、单句语法填空题 1. The astronaut was ______ (determine) to complete the space mission successfully. 2. The space agency is planning ______ (launch) a new satellite next year. 3. She was very ______ (disappoint) when she learned that the spacewalk was cancelled. 4. The scientists have ______ strong desire to explore the mysteries of the universe. 5. The spacecraft is ______ (attach) to the space station for further research. 6. Not only the astronauts but also the ground crew ______ (work) hard to ensure the mission's success. 7. The discovery of water on Mars made it possible for humans ______ (live) there in the future. 8. His hard work ______(make) him become a successful space scientist. 9. The first person ______ (reach) the moon was Neil Armstrong. 10. They launched the rocket in order ______ (collect) data about the solar system. 11. The spaceship is too damaged ______ (repair). 12. I have something important ______ (tell) you about the space project. 13. The mission is difficult enough ______ (require) careful planning. 14. Different countries have different ______ (approach) to space exploration. 15. The success of space missions often brings a sense of ______ (nation) pride to a country. 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项 What time it is varies depending on which of Earth’s time zones you are in. But what if you aren’t anywhere on Earth? Scientists from the European Space Agency (ESA), a group devoted to exploring the universe, are arguing that the Moon should have its own time zone too. At the moment, missions to or involving the Moon use the time zone of the country that is operating the spacecraft. ESA argues that a specific time zone for the Moon would make it easier for space agencies from around the world to work together. Once missions make it to the Moon, having the same time zone would make it simpler for astronauts to communicate and travel across its surface. Setting up a lunar (月球的) time zone is not easy. Gravity affects how quickly or slowly time passes. Since gravity is weaker on the Moon than it is on Earth, after 24 hours, a lunar clock would be 56 microseconds ahead of a clock on Earth. Another point to consider is that a full day on Earth is measured by the length of time between two sunsets, about 24 hours. On the Moon, the time between two sunsets is nearly 709 hours, which is about 29.5 Earth days. This means that lunar nights can be around two weeks long, with only the Earth and the stars, no sun, in the sky. With all this to think about, scientists need to decide whether it would be better to follow a time zone on Earth. or for the Moon to have its own unique zone. which would have much longer days. NASA is planning to land humans on the Moon in 2025 with is Artemis Mission. There are also other unmanned missions to the Moon planned for later this year. Bernhard Hufenbach from ESA said that if a working time system for the Moon would be established. ESA could then perhaps make other planets in the solar system get ready for stage. 1．What would happen if a time zone is set up on the Moon? A．Missions to or involving the Moon would be sped up. B．Time spent on rocket launching would become shorter. C．Cooperation among astronauts on the Moon would be easier. D．Spacecraft operation among countries would become simpler. 2．Why is it difficult to set up a time zone on the Moon? A．Clocks run slightly slower on the Moon. B．Lunar nights last nearly one-month long. C．No sun can be seen in the sky on the Moon. D．A full day of the lunar time is much too long. 3．What would ESA do in the future according to Bernhard? A．It would set up working time systems on other planets. B．It would work with other countries to explore the space. C．It would send more astronauts to planets in the solar system. D．It would help NASA with other unmanned missions to the Moon. 4．In which part of a newspaper will you probably find the article? A．Well-being B．Around the world C．Big news of today D．Science and technology 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白位置的最佳选项 How is eating in space different from eating on Earth? If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it? Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space. First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). 1 Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy. 2 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly. The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill (洒落/溢出) into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 3 A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous. 4 The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 5 Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up. Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day. A．Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables. B．Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission. C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible. D．Taste is also important. E．For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board. F．Nutrition and practicality(实用) are important things to consider. G．Finally, weight is an important concern. 三、完形填空 It is well-known that China has made clear plans to send astronauts to land on the Moon before 2030 and is steadily 1 . However, China has done many things besides that. Many countries are interested in Mars (火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been 2 globally. But nearly half of them have 3 to get there. The 4 about failure went with Tianwen1, China’s first Mars exploring probe, which was launched on July 23, 2020. After around 10 months of travelling, the craft landed 5 on the surface of the planet on May 15, 2021. The good news that we made 6 met with both relief and celebration in the country and the concern disappeared. The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space. It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs (突破) in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed 8 . Why can China do this without any outside help? It is the can-do spirit. The Chinese people use wisdom and courage to 9 all the difficulties. In the early 1960s, when the country 10 a poor and backward country, the government decided to 11 rocket and space technologies: With the correct direction and continuous efforts, we get to where we are today step 12 step. On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space, 13 the construction of China’s space station. Two weeks ago, three astronauts took Shenzhou-17 to the station and began their 6 months of working and living there. China has been devoted to the peaceful use of outer space and has made many 14 to it. In some of the space missions, China welcomes the 15 who have the same belief. Let’s expect what China will achieve in the future! 1．A．putting off B．slowing down C．pushing forward D．stepping back 2．A．carried out B．carried away C．carried off D．carried on 3．A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．attempted 4．A．loss B．concern C．awareness D．ignorance 5．A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfully 6．A．it B．that C．which D．one 7．A．applicants B．officials C．explorers D．judges 8．A．independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunately 9．A．get back B．get over C．get along D．get up 10．A．measured B．accounted C．remained D．attracted 11．A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．develop 12．A．on B．in C．by D．about 13．A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cutting 14．A．advances B．contributions C．mistakes D．efforts 15．A．partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemies 四、语法填空 语法填空 People hold different opinions about space exploration. Some people think 1 (explore) space is a waste of time and money 2 others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space is 3 (help) to us. Firstly, exploring space has already made a 4 (different) in the fight against world hunger. Scientists use the data 5 (collect) by satellites to provide useful recommendations and advice 6 farmers. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that are beneficial to us. 7 (final), sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways 8 (solve) them. In 9 word, the space exploration provides the world with various benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and 10 (good) solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 五、书面表达 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The quilt (被子) took a lot of time. But the messages on it were meaningful. When I started my current project, I woke up every day with new ideas and fresh enthusiasm. I really believed in the importance of what I wanted to create, and I had my husband, Claudio, to cheer me on. But then, things had gotten hard. I injured my shoulder and my recovery was slow. In the middle of it, I lost Claudio to cancer. I was discouraged, lonely, and without Claudio’s comfort. Facing down the halffinished quilt in my sewing room one morning soon after his death, I could hardly gather the energy to sew it. The quilt was meant to be a way to keep my old nursing class together. We’d graduated from Mercy College over 40 years before and quickly worked all over the country. After our last anniversary party, I tried to find ways for everyone to stay in touch, but nothing ever seemed to work out. I knew I needed to find a connection to share at a distance. I thought about a quilt. I got in touch with as many of my old classmates as I could. Everyone who wanted to join the project was sent a piece of fabric (布料). They could sign it or write a personal message. Once I got the pieces back, I’d sew them into the finished piece. I rubbed my painful shoulder and ran my hand over the unfinished quilt. Even after several operations, movement in my left arm was limited. There was still so much to do. Our class’s forty-fifth anniversary party was coming up but my heart wasn’t in this project anymore. With Claudio’s encouragement I’d kept at it despite my painful shoulder. But Claudio was gone now. Working on the quilt was impossible with my aches and pains. Why was I even trying? I covered up my sewing machine and left the quilt as it was. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Weeks passed but I didn’t sew a thing. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I arrived at our forty-fifth anniversary party. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第10讲 新课学习必修第三册Unit 4（课文学习&知识讲解） 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1. Vocabulary Master words like "determined", "launch" for space topic. 2. Sentence Patterns Grasp "make + obj. + obj. complement" and "not only...but also". 3.Grammar Understand infinitive as attrib. & adverbial in space context. 4. Cultural Awareness Know space exploration's significance and challenges. 高频词汇 1. determined（有决心的；意志坚定的） 用法：常用于 “be determined to do sth.” 结构，表示 “决心做某事”。 例句：She is determined to become a famous singer.（她决心成为一名著名歌手。） 拓展：其动词形式 “determine”，有 “查明；确定；决定” 之意，如 “determine to do sth.”（决定做某事），“determine on sth.”（决定某事）。例如：He determined to study harder.（他决定更加努力学习。）名词形式 “determination” 表示 “决心；测定；决定”。 2. launch（发射；发起；上市） 用法：可作及物动词，如 “launch a satellite”（发射卫星），“launch a new product”（推出新产品）；也可作名词，如 “the launch of a spaceship”（一艘宇宙飞船的发射）。 例句：The company will launch a new advertising campaign next month.（公司下个月将发起一场新的广告宣传活动。） 拓展：相关短语 “launch into” 表示 “开始（做某事）；投入（某活动）”，例如：He launched into a long speech about his plans.（他开始长篇大论地讲述他的计划。） 3. disappointed（失望的；沮丧的） 用法：常见搭配有 “be disappointed to do sth.”（对做某事感到失望），“be disappointed at/by sth.”（对某事物感到失望），“be disappointed with/in sb./sth.”（对某人 / 某事物感到失望），“be disappointed that...”（对…… 感到失望）。 例句：I was disappointed to hear that I didn't get the job.（听到我没有得到那份工作，我很失望。） 拓展：动词 “disappoint” 表示 “使失望”，形容词 “disappointing” 表示 “令人失望的”，名词 “disappointment” 表示 “失望”，如 “to one's disappointment”（令某人失望的是）。例如：The movie was disappointing.（这部电影令人失望。） 4. desire（渴望；欲望；渴望；期望） 用法：作名词时，有 “a/the desire for...”（对…… 的渴望），“a/the desire to do sth.”（对做某事的渴望）；作动词时，“desire to do sth.”（渴望做某事），“desire sb. to do sth.”（渴望某人做某事）。 例句：He has a strong desire for knowledge.（他有强烈的求知欲。）She desires to travel around the world.（她渴望环游世界。） 拓展：形容词 “desirable” 表示 “理想的，可取的”，例如：It is desirable to have a good education.（有良好的教育是可取的。） 5. carry on（继续做，坚持干） 用法：可接名词或动词 -ing 形式，如 “carry on a conversation”（继续交谈），“carry on working”（继续工作）；也可用于 “carry on with sth.” 结构，如 “carry on with the project”（继续这个项目）。 例句：Despite the difficulties, they carried on with their research.（尽管困难重重，他们仍继续他们的研究。） 拓展：其近义词组有 “keep on”“go on” 等，但 “carry on” 更强调坚持、持续做某事。例如：Keep on trying and you will succeed.（继续努力，你会成功的。） 6. independently（独立地；自立地） 用法：副词，用于修饰动词，表示 “独立地做某事”，如 “think independently”（独立思考），“act independently”（独立行动）。 例句：The children are learning to do things independently.（孩子们正在学习独立做事。） 拓展：形容词 “independent” 表示 “独立的；自主的；自立的；不相关的；不受影响的”，常见搭配有 “be independent from/of”（国家从…… 独立），“be independent of”（不依赖……；不受…… 的影响；与…… 不相关）。名词 “independence” 表示 “独立”，例如：The country gained its independence in 1949.（这个国家在 1949 年获得独立。） 7. signal（标志着；标明；发信号；示意；信号；标志） 用法：作动词时，“signal to sb.”（向某人示意），“signal (to) sb. to do sth.”（示意某人做某事），“send out a signal”（发出信号）；作名词时，“traffic signals”（交通信号灯）等。 例句：The teacher signalled to the students to be quiet.（老师示意学生们安静。）A red light is a signal to stop.（红灯是停止的信号。） 拓展：相关短语 “signal out” 表示 “指出；使突出”，例如：The report signalled out the key problems.（报告指出了关键问题。） 8. so as to（为了；以便） 用法：表目的，通常不置于句首，其否定形式是在 to 前加 not，即 “so as not to do...”。 例句：He got up early so as to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。） 拓展：近义词组有 “in order to”“so that”“in order that” 等。“in order to” 在句中作目的状语，可置于句首或句末，置于句末时可与 “so as to” 互换；“in order that”“so that” 可引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词 can、may、could、might 等，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，“in order that”“so that” 可以和 “in order to”“so as to” 互换。例如：He studies hard in order to get good grades. = He studies hard so as to get good grades. = He studies hard in order that he can get good grades. = He studies hard so that he can get good grades.（他努力学习为了取得好成绩。） 9. lack（缺乏；短缺；没有；缺乏） 用法：作名词时，“(a/the) lack of...”（缺少……），“for lack of”（由于缺少……）；作动词时，“lack sth.”（缺少某物）。 例句：The plants died for lack of water.（这些植物因缺水而死。）He lacks confidence.（他缺乏信心。） 拓展：形容词 “lacking” 表示 “欠缺的；缺乏的”，常用搭配 “be lacking in”（缺乏……），例如：The diet is lacking in nutrition.（这种饮食缺乏营养。） 10. figure out（弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白） 用法：后接 wh - /how... ，表示 “弄清楚 / 计算出……”，如 “figure out a problem”（解决一个问题），“figure out how to do sth.”（弄明白如何做某事）。 例句：I can't figure out what he means.（我不明白他的意思。） 拓展：动词 “figure” 还有 “计算；认为” 之意，名词 “figure” 有 “数字；人物；身材；雕像” 等意思。相关短语有 “break out”（战争、灾难等爆发；突然开始），“bring out”（使显现；出版；生产），“give out”（发出，放出热、光等；分发；用完；耗尽），“leave out”（遗漏，不包括），“pick out”（精心挑选；辨别出），“turn out”（制造；生产；原来是；结果是）等。例如：The war broke out in 1939.（战争在 1939 年爆发。） 11. argue（论证；争辩；争论） 用法：“argue (with sb.) about /over sth.”（为某事物与某人争论 / 争吵），“argue against/for (doing) sth.”（陈述理由反对 / 支持做某事），“argue sb. into/out of doing sth.”（说服某人做 / 不做某事），“argue that...”（主张……）。 例句：They argued with each other about the best way to solve the problem.（他们就解决问题的最佳方法相互争论。）He argued for the importance of education.（他论证了教育的重要性。） 拓展：名词 “argument” 表示 “争论；论点；论据”，常见搭配有 “have an argument with sb. about/over sth.”（就某事物与某人发生争吵），“get into an argument with...”（和…… 争吵起来）。表示 “说服 / 劝说某人做某事” 的搭配还有 “persuade sb. into doing sth. /to do sth.”“talk sb. into doing sth.”“advise sb. to do sth.” 等。例如：They had an argument over money.（他们为钱争吵。） 12. result in（导致；造成） 用法：后接结果，表示 “导致…… 的结果”，如 “result in a traffic jam”（导致交通堵塞），“result in failure”（导致失败）。 例句：His carelessness resulted in the accident.（他的粗心导致了这次事故。） 拓展：“result from” 表示 “因…… 发生；随…… 产生”，例如：His success resulted from his hard work.（他的成功源于他的努力工作。）相关短语还有 “as a result of”（由于……），“as a result”（结果）。表示 “导致” 的短语还有 “bring about”“lead to”“contribute to” 等。例如：The heavy rain caused a flood. = The heavy rain brought about a flood. = The heavy rain led to a flood. = The heavy rain contributed to a flood.（大雨导致了洪水。） 13. limited（有限的） 用法：形容词，用于描述事物的有限性，如 “limited resources”（有限的资源），“a limited time”（有限的时间）。 例句：We have limited space in the classroom.（我们教室里的空间有限。） 拓展：动词 “limit” 表示 “限制；限定”，常见搭配 “limit... to...”（把…… 限制在…… 内，被动语态 be limited to...），“set a limit”（设定限度），“there is a/no limit to...”（…… 是有限的 / 无限的）。形容词 “unlimited” 表示 “尽量多的；任意多的；无限制的”，“limitless” 表示 “无限的”，名词 “limitation” 表示 “限制；控制；局限”。例如：The speed is limited to 60 kilometers per hour.（速度被限制在每小时 60 公里。） 14. run out（用完；耗尽） 用法：不及物动词短语，以物作主语，如 “Time runs out.”（时间用完了。）“Our food is running out.”（我们的食物快吃完了。） 例句：The petrol is running out. We need to find a gas station soon.（汽油快用完了。我们需要尽快找到一个加油站。） 拓展：近义词组有 “give out”（表示 “用完” 时，用法与 “run out” 相同）；“run out of”“use up” 是及物动词短语，以人作主语，物作宾语，如 “We have run out of paper.”（我们的纸用完了。）“He used up all his money.”（他把所有的钱都花光了。）相关短语还有 “run after”（追逐；追求），“run across”（偶然遇到），“run into”（撞上；遇到困难等；碰到某人）等。例如：He is running after his dream.（他在追求他的梦想。） 15. attach（系；绑；贴；重视；缠着） 用法：“attach... to...”（把…… 固定 / 附在…… 上），“attach importance/significance/value to sth.”（认为某物重要 / 有意义 / 有价值），“attach oneself to sb.”（和某人在一起，缠着某人）。 例句：Attach the label to the box.（把标签贴在盒子上。）Parents attach great importance to their children's education.（父母非常重视孩子的教育。） 拓展：形容词 “attached” 表示 “依恋；附属于”，常见搭配 “be attached to”（附属于……；依恋……），名词 “attachment” 表示 “附属物；（电子邮件的）附件；喜欢”。例如：I am very attached to my hometown.（我非常依恋我的家乡。） 重点句型 1. make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 构成： “make + sb. /sth. + 动词原形”，表示 “让某人 / 某物做某事”，例如：The teacher made the students read English aloud.（老师让学生大声读英语。） “make + sb. /sth. + 过去分词”，表示 “使某人 / 某物被……”，例如：He made his voice heard in the noisy room.（他在嘈杂的房间里让别人听到了他的声音。） “make + sb. /sth. + 形容词”，表示 “使某人 / 某物……”，例如：The good news made him happy.（这个好消息使他高兴。） “make + sb. /sth. + 名词”，表示 “让某人 / 某物成为……”，例如：We made him our monitor.（我们选他当班长。） 2. not only... but also... 用法：用于连接两个并列的成分，意为 “不但…… 而且……”，其中 also 有时可以省略。例如：He is not only good at math but (also) good at English.（他不但擅长数学而且擅长英语。） 注意事项： 若连接两个分句且 not only 位于句首时，not only 所在的分句要用部分倒装。例如：Not only does he like reading, but he also likes writing.（他不但喜欢阅读，而且喜欢写作。） 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近一致” 原则，即谓语动词与 but also 后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Not only the students but also the teacher likes this song.（不但学生而且老师都喜欢这首歌。） 结构拓展：遵循 “就近一致” 原则的并列连词还有 “either... or...”（不是…… 就是……），“not... but...”（不是…… 而是……），“neither... nor...”（既不…… 也不……）。例如：Either you or he has to clean the classroom.（不是你就是他得打扫教室。）Not you but your brother is to blame.（不是你而是你弟弟该受责备。）Neither my parents nor I am interested in this movie.（我父母和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。） 语法精讲 1. 不定式作定语 1) 位置规则：不定式作定语时，需放在被修饰词之后，用来对名词或代词进行修饰限定。比如：I have a lot of work to do.（我有很多工作要做。）“to do” 修饰 “work”，明确工作是需要去完成的，且动作尚未发生。 2) 适用情况 表示将来动作：常用于表示即将进行的动作，像 “The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.”（明天要举行的会议非常重要。）“to be held tomorrow” 修饰 “meeting”，表明会议是明天将要举行的。 中心词特性：当中心词被序数词（如 the first、the second 等）、形容词最高级（如 the best、the most beautiful 等）、the last、the only 等修饰时，常接不定式作定语。例如 “He is the only student to answer the question correctly.”（他是唯一正确回答问题的学生。）“to answer the question correctly” 修饰 “the only student”，强调其唯一性以及 “回答问题正确” 这个动作。 抽象名词搭配：抽象名词如 “ability”（能力）、“chance”（机会）、“desire”（渴望）、“plan”（计划）等，其后常用不定式作定语。例如 “She has the ability to sing beautifully.”（她有唱歌好听的能力。）“to sing beautifully” 修饰 “ability”，说明是唱歌好听的能力。 不定代词后置：不定代词 something、anything、nothing 等后常接不定式作定语。例如 “Is there anything to eat?”（有什么吃的东西吗？）“to eat” 修饰 “anything”，表示可吃的东西。 3) 注意细节 不及物动词补充介词：若作定语的不定式是不及物动词，且与被修饰词存在地点、工具等关系时，要添加适当介词。例如 “He needs a pen to write with.”（他需要一支笔来写字。）“write” 是不及物动词，需加 “with” 与 “pen” 构成合理搭配，表示写字用的笔。 主动与被动形式差异：当被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式主动和被动形式含义不同。如 “I have a letter to post.”（我有一封信要寄。）这里 “我” 是寄信的执行者；而 “I have a letter to be posted.”（我有一封信要（被）寄。）则不强调执行者，可能是别人帮忙寄或者其他情况。 2. 不定式作状语 1) 作目的状语 位置与表达：可置于句首或句末，用于说明动作的目的。为强调目的，可用 in order to 或 so as to（但 so as to 不能置于句首）。例如 “To get good grades, he studies hard every day.”（为了取得好成绩，他每天努力学习。）“To get good grades” 置于句首表示目的；也可写成 “He studies hard every day in order to get good grades.” 或 “He studies hard every day so as to get good grades.” 置于句末同样表示目的。 逻辑关系：清晰表明主语实施谓语动作的目的，使句子逻辑更明确。例如 “She got up early so as to catch the first bus.”（她早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。）“catch the first bus” 是 “got up early” 的目的。 2) 作结果状语 位置与结构：通常位于句末，常用在 so... as to...、such... as to...、enough to...、too... to... 等结构中。例如 “He is too tired to walk any further.”（他太累了，走不动了。）“too tired” 和 “to walk any further” 构成结果关系，表示因为太累而不能再走。 意外结果表达：有时不定式表示一种出乎意料的结果，可在前面加 only。例如 “I rushed to the station only to find the train had left.”（我匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。）“only to find” 表结果出乎意料。 3) 作原因状语 结构特征：主要用于 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构中，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。例如 “He is happy to see his old friends.”（他很高兴见到他的老朋友。）“to see his old friends” 是 “happy” 的原因。 常见形容词：常用于此结构的形容词有 glad（高兴的）、sorry（抱歉的）、surprised（惊讶的）等。例如 “I'm sorry to hear that you are ill.”（听说你病了，我很难过。）“to hear that you are ill” 是 “sorry” 的原因。 (2019人教版英语必修三第42、80、81页改编) Look at the following sentences, mark the infinitives and tell their functions and meanings. 1. The astronauts had many tasks to do in space as part of their mission. ( ) 2. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. ( ) 3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day. ( ) 4. The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay(货仓) that is large enough to hold a satellite. ( ) 5. The International Space Station was too big to build on Earth. ( ) 6. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. ( ) 1. 句子：The astronauts had many tasks to do in space as part of their mission. 不定式：to do 功能：作后置定语，修饰前面的名词 “tasks”，说明 “任务” 是要去做的。 含义：表示将要进行的动作，宇航员在太空中有许多要去完成的任务。 2. 句子：In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. 不定式：to get married 功能：作后置定语，修饰 “the first person”，用来限定是第一个在太空中做某事（结婚）的人。 含义：表明 “结婚” 这个动作与 “the first person” 的关联性，即第一个在太空结婚的人。 3. 句子：Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day. 不定式：to fly into space 功能：作后置定语，修饰 “the dream”，说明梦想的具体内容是什么。 含义：表示梦想所涉及的具体动作，也就是许多人有着某一天飞向太空的梦想。 4. 句子：The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay (货仓) that is large enough to hold a satellite. 不定式：to hold a satellite 功能：作结果状语，说明货仓大所产生的结果是能够容纳一颗卫星。 含义：表示由于货仓具备 “大” 这个特点而带来的能够做的事，即能容纳卫星。 5. 句子：The International Space Station was too big to build on Earth. 不定式：to build 功能：作结果状语，说明国际空间站太大所导致的结果是不能在地球上建造。 含义：表示因 “太大” 这一情况而产生的无法进行 “建造” 这一动作的结果。 6. 句子：First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 不定式：to get a related college degree 功能：作结果状语，说明足够聪明所带来的结果是能够获得相关的大学学位。 含义：表示由于具备 “足够聪明” 这个条件而能够达成 “获得相关大学学位” 这一结果。 核心考点 1：determined 1. She is a very ______ (determine) girl and she never gives up easily. 答案：determined 解析：此处需要一个形容词修饰 “girl”，“determined” 表示 “有决心的；意志坚定的”，符合语境，“她是一个非常有决心的女孩，从不轻易放弃”。 2. ______ (determine) to succeed, he worked day and night. 答案：Determined 解析：“Determined to succeed” 是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于 “Because he was determined to succeed”，“因为决心成功，他日夜工作”。 3. He made a ______ (determine) effort to improve his English. 答案：determined 解析：“a determined effort” 表示 “坚决的努力”，这里需要形容词修饰 “effort”，“他下定决心努力提高英语水平”。 核心考点 2：launch 1. The company ______ (launch) a new product next month. 答案：will launch 解析：“launch” 在这里作动词，意为 “推出；发行”，“公司下个月将推出一款新产品”，“launcher” 是名词 “发射器；发射者”，不符合语境。 2. The ______ (launch) of the new satellite was a great success. 答案：launch 解析：“launch” 作名词时，表示 “发射；发起”，“新卫星的发射非常成功”，“launching” 虽然也有 “发射” 的意思，但在这里 “the launch” 更常用。 3. They are planning ______ (launch) a campaign to raise awareness of environmental protection. 答案：to launch 解析：“launch a campaign” 表示 “发起一场运动”，“他们计划发起一场提高环保意识的运动”。 核心考点 3：disappointed 1. I was very ______ (disappoint) when I heard the bad news. 答案：disappointed 解析：“disappointed” 表示 “失望的；沮丧的”，用来形容人的感受，“当我听到这个坏消息时，我非常失望”。 2. She looked ______ (disappoint) because she didn't get the job she wanted. 答案：disappointed 解析：“look disappointed” 表示 “看起来失望”，这里描述她的表情，“她看起来很失望，因为她没有得到她想要的工作”。 3. To my great ______ (disappoint), he didn't keep his promise. 答案：disappointment 解析：“to one's disappointment” 是固定短语，表示 “令某人失望的是”，“令我非常失望的是，他没有遵守诺言”。 核心考点 4：desire 1. He has a strong ______ (desire) to become a famous scientist. 答案：desire 解析：“a strong desire” 表示 “强烈的渴望”，“他有成为一名著名科学家的强烈渴望”，“desire” 在这里作名词。 2. She ______ (desire) to go abroad for further study. 答案：desires 解析：“desire” 作动词时，意为 “渴望；期望”，“她渴望出国深造”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “she” 是第三人称单数，所以动词用 “desires”。 3. The little boy's desire______ knowledge is very strong. 答案： for 解析：“desire for knowledge” 表示 “对知识的渴望”，“这个小男孩对知识的渴望非常强烈”，“desire” 作名词。 核心考点 5：carry on 1. We should carry ______with our plan despite the difficulties. 答案：on 解析：“carry on with sth.” 表示 “继续（做）某事”，“尽管有困难，我们应该继续我们的计划”；“carry out” 表示 “执行；实施”，不符合语境。 2. After a short break, they ______ (carry) on working. 答案：carried 解析：“carry on working” 表示 “继续工作”，“休息一会儿后，他们继续工作”；此处是对已发生事实的陈述，用过去式，所以答案用 “carried”。 3. The doctor told him ______ (carry) on taking the medicine for another week. 答案：to carry 解析：“carry on taking the medicine” 表示 “继续服药”，“医生告诉他再继续服药一周”； tell sb. to do sth. 此处to do做宾补，补充说明宾语somebody做什么事情，所以答案用to carry。 核心考点 6：signal 1. The policeman ______ (signal) to the driver to stop. 答案：signalled /signaled 解析：“signal to sb. to do sth.” 表示 “示意某人做某事”，句子时态可以是一般过去时，“signalled” 或 “signaled” 均可，“警察示意司机停车”。 2. A red light is usually a ______ (signal) for danger. 答案：signal 解析：“signal” 在这里作名词，意为 “信号；标志”，“红灯通常是危险的信号”。 3. They ______ (signal) that they needed help by waving their hands. 答案：signalled /signaled 解析：“signal” 作动词，意为 “发信号；示意”，句子时态可以是一般过去时，“他们挥手示意他们需要帮助”。 核心考点 7：attach 1. Please ______ (attach) your photo to the application form. 答案：attach 解析：“attach sth. to sth.” 表示 “把…… 固定 / 附在…… 上”，这是一个祈使句，“请把你的照片贴在申请表上”。 2. She ______ (attaches /attached) great importance to education. 答案：attaches 解析：“attach importance to sth.” 表示 “重视某事”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “she” 是第三人称单数，所以动词用 “attaches”，“她非常重视教育”。 3. The document has an ______ (attach) that you need to read carefully. 答案：attachment 解析：“attachment” 在这里作名词，意为 “附件”，“这份文件有一个附件，你需要仔细阅读”。 核心考点 8：make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 1. The teacher made the students ______ (stand) in a line. 答案：stand 解析：“make + sb. /sth. + 动词原形” 表示 “让某人 / 某物做某事”，所以这里用 “stand”，“老师让学生们站成一排”。 2. His joke made us all ______ (laugh) loudly. 答案：laugh 解析：同样根据 “make + sb. /sth. + 动词原形” 的结构，“他的笑话让我们都大声笑了起来”，用 “laugh”。 3. The boss made the workers ______ (work) overtime. 答案：work 解析：“老板让工人们加班”，符合 “make + sb. /sth. + 动词原形” 结构，用 “work”。 核心考点 9：not only... but also... 1. Not only the children but also their father ______ (like) watching cartoons. 答案：likes 解析：“not only... but also...” 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近一致” 原则，靠近谓语动词的 “their father” 是第三人称单数，所以用 “likes”，“不仅孩子们而且他们的父亲都喜欢看卡通片”。 2. She can not only ______ (speak) English but also ______ (write) English articles. 答案： speak; write 解析：“not only... but also...” 用于连接两个并列的谓语动词，“她不仅会说英语而且会写英语文章”，注意 “not only” 后的动词用原形，“but also” 后的动词形式与前面一致，用 “write”。 3. Not only does he study hard,_______ he also helps others with their studies. 答案：but 解析：“not only... but (also)...” 连接两个分句表示“他不仅学习努力，而且还帮助别人学习”。 核心考点 10：不定式作定语 1. I have a lot of clothes ______ (wash). 答案：to wash 解析：“to wash” 作后置定语修饰 “clothes”，表示 “要洗的衣服”，“我有很多衣服要洗”。 2. The best way ______ (solve) the problem is to ask for help. 答案：to solve 解析：当中心词为 “way” 等抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，“解决问题的最好方法是寻求帮助”。 3. Do you have anything ______ (say) for yourself? 答案：to say 解析：不定代词 “anything” 后常用不定式作定语，“你有什么要为自己说的吗？” 核心考点 11：不定式作状语 1. She got up early ______ (catch) the first bus. 答案：to catch 解析：不定式 “to catch the first bus” 作目的状语，“她早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车”。 2. He ran all the way to the station only ______ (find) the train had left. 答案：to find 解析：“only to find” 表示一种出乎意料的结果，“他一路跑到车站，却发现火车已经开走了”。 3. I'm glad ______ (see) you again. 答案：to see 解析：不定式 “to see you again” 作原因状语，用于 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构中，“我很高兴再次见到你”。 一、单句语法填空题 1. The astronaut was ______ (determine) to complete the space mission successfully. 答案：determined 解析：be determined to do sth. 是固定用法，表示 “决心做某事”，这里指宇航员决心成功完成太空任务，所以用 determined。 2. The space agency is planning ______ (launch) a new satellite next year. 答案：to launch 解析：launch 在这里作动词，意为 “发射”，plan to do 表示“计划做…”，所以用 to launch。 3. She was very ______ (disappoint) when she learned that the spacewalk was cancelled. 答案：disappointed 解析：disappointed 表示 “失望的”，用来形容人的感受，“当她得知太空行走被取消时，她非常失望”。 4. The scientists have ______ strong desire to explore the mysteries of the universe. 答案：a 解析：a strong desire 表示 “强烈的渴望”，“科学家们有强烈的渴望去探索宇宙的奥秘”，desire 作名词，前面需要一个不定冠词a表示“一”的含义。 5. The spacecraft is ______ (attach) to the space station for further research. 答案：attached 解析：be attached to 表示 “附属于；连接到”，这里指宇宙飞船连接到空间站进行进一步研究，所以用 attached。 6. Not only the astronauts but also the ground crew ______ (work) hard to ensure the mission's success. 答案：works 解析：“not only... but also...” 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近一致” 原则，靠近谓语动词的 “the ground crew” 是复数，但这里作为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式 works，“不仅宇航员而且地勤人员都努力工作以确保任务成功”。 7. The discovery of water on Mars made it possible for humans ______ (live) there in the future. 答案：to live 解析：“make it + adj. + for sb. /sth. + to do sth.” 是 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 的一种特殊结构，其中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，“火星上发现水使得人类未来有可能在那里生活”，所以用 to live。 8. His hard work ______(make) him become a successful space scientist. 答案：made 解析：“make + sb. /sth. + 动词原形” 结构，“他的努力工作使他成为一名成功的太空科学家”，此句是对过去事实的陈述,用过去式,所以用 made. 9. The first person ______ (reach) the moon was Neil Armstrong. 答案：to reach 解析：当中心词被序数词（the first）修饰时，常用不定式作定语，“第一个到达月球的人是尼尔・阿姆斯特朗”，所以用 to reach。 10. They launched the rocket in order ______ (collect) data about the solar system. 答案：to collect 解析：in order to do sth. 表示 “为了做某事”，不定式作目的状语，“他们发射火箭是为了收集关于太阳系的数据”，所以用 to collect。 11. The spaceship is too damaged ______ (repair). 答案：to repair 解析：“too... to...” 结构表示 “太…… 而不能……”，这里指宇宙飞船损坏得太严重而无法修复，所以用 to repair。 12. I have something important ______ (tell) you about the space project. 答案：to tell 解析：不定代词 something 后常用不定式作定语，“我有关于太空项目的重要事情要告诉你”，所以用 to tell。 13. The mission is difficult enough ______ (require) careful planning. 答案：to require 解析：“形容词 + enough + to do sth.” 表示 “足够…… 去做某事”，不定式作结果状语，“这个任务足够困难，需要精心规划”，所以用 to require。 14. Different countries have different ______ (approach) to space exploration. 答案：approaches 解析：different 后接复数名词，“不同国家有不同的太空探索方法”，approach 表示 “方法；途径”，复数形式为 approaches。 15. The success of space missions often brings a sense of ______ (nation)pride to a country. 答案：national 解析：a sense of national pride 表示 “民族自豪感”，这里指太空任务的成功常给一个国家带来民族自豪感。 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项 What time it is varies depending on which of Earth’s time zones you are in. But what if you aren’t anywhere on Earth? Scientists from the European Space Agency (ESA), a group devoted to exploring the universe, are arguing that the Moon should have its own time zone too. At the moment, missions to or involving the Moon use the time zone of the country that is operating the spacecraft. ESA argues that a specific time zone for the Moon would make it easier for space agencies from around the world to work together. Once missions make it to the Moon, having the same time zone would make it simpler for astronauts to communicate and travel across its surface. Setting up a lunar (月球的) time zone is not easy. Gravity affects how quickly or slowly time passes. Since gravity is weaker on the Moon than it is on Earth, after 24 hours, a lunar clock would be 56 microseconds ahead of a clock on Earth. Another point to consider is that a full day on Earth is measured by the length of time between two sunsets, about 24 hours. On the Moon, the time between two sunsets is nearly 709 hours, which is about 29.5 Earth days. This means that lunar nights can be around two weeks long, with only the Earth and the stars, no sun, in the sky. With all this to think about, scientists need to decide whether it would be better to follow a time zone on Earth. or for the Moon to have its own unique zone. which would have much longer days. NASA is planning to land humans on the Moon in 2025 with is Artemis Mission. There are also other unmanned missions to the Moon planned for later this year. Bernhard Hufenbach from ESA said that if a working time system for the Moon would be established. ESA could then perhaps make other planets in the solar system get ready for stage. 1．What would happen if a time zone is set up on the Moon? A．Missions to or involving the Moon would be sped up. B．Time spent on rocket launching would become shorter. C．Cooperation among astronauts on the Moon would be easier. D．Spacecraft operation among countries would become simpler. 2．Why is it difficult to set up a time zone on the Moon? A．Clocks run slightly slower on the Moon. B．Lunar nights last nearly one-month long. C．No sun can be seen in the sky on the Moon. D．A full day of the lunar time is much too long. 3．What would ESA do in the future according to Bernhard? A．It would set up working time systems on other planets. B．It would work with other countries to explore the space. C．It would send more astronauts to planets in the solar system. D．It would help NASA with other unmanned missions to the Moon. 4．In which part of a newspaper will you probably find the article? A．Well-being B．Around the world C．Big news of today D．Science and technology 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了欧洲航天局的科学家们认为，月球也应该有自己的时区，因为建立时区有助于探索宇宙，但这一想法面临着一些困难。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ESA argues that a specific time zone for the Moon would make it easier for space agencies from around the world to work together. Once missions make it to the Moon, having the same time zone would make it simpler for astronauts to communicate and travel across its surface. (欧洲航天局认为，月球的特定时区将使世界各地的太空机构更容易合作。一旦任务到达月球，拥有相同的时区将使宇航员更容易在月球表面进行通信和旅行。)”可知，如果在月球上设立时区，宇航员之间的合作将会更容易。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Another point to consider is that a full day on Earth is measured by the length of time between two sunsets, about 24 hours. On the Moon, the time between two sunsets is nearly 709 hours, which is about 29.5 Earth days. (另外一个要考虑的是，地球上的一整天是以两次日落之间的时间长短来衡量的，大约24小时。在月球上，两次日落之间的时间接近709个小时，大约是29.5个地球日。)”可知，在月球上设置时区困难的原因是月球上一整天的时间太长了。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Bernhard Hufenbach from ESA said that if a working time system for the Moon would be established, ESA could then perhaps make other planets in the solar system get ready for stage.（欧洲航天局的Bernhard Hufenbach说，如果月球的工作时间系统能够建立起来，欧洲航天局或许就能让太阳系中的其他行星为此做好准备）”可知，Bernhard认为欧洲航天局将来会在其他行星上建立工作时间系统。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Scientists from the European Space Agency (ESA), a group devoted to exploring the universe, are arguing that the Moon should have its own time zone too. (来自欧洲航天局的科学家们，一群致力于探索宇宙的人，认为月球也应该有自己的时区。)”以及接下来的描述可知，文章围绕在月球建立时区展开，主题属于宇宙探索方面。因此，文章可能出现在报纸的科学与技术部分。故选D。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白位置的最佳选项 How is eating in space different from eating on Earth? If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it? Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space. First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). 1 Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy. 2 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly. The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill (洒落/溢出) into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 3 A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous. 4 The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 5 Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up. Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day. A．Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables. B．Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission. C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible. D．Taste is also important. E．For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board. F．Nutrition and practicality(实用) are important things to consider. G．Finally, weight is an important concern. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．G 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍决定宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。 1．上文“First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). (首先，可能也是最重要的一点是营养。)”是本段的主旨句，说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；下文“Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy. (提供垃圾食品吃，如薯片、苏打水和披萨，会使宇航员不健康。)”说明了垃圾食品会使得宇航员不健康；B选项：Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.(保持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务。)与本文主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的health与后文的unhealthy相对应，符合题意。故选B项。 2．设空句为本段主旨句，根据后文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. (如果提供的食物很难吃，宇航员可能会避免食用。)”说明了食物味道的重要性；D项：Taste is also important. (味道也很重要)中的taste与后文的distasteful相对应，符合题意。故选D项。 3．本段主旨句“The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. (宇宙飞船中缺乏重力也决定了在太空中什么食物可以吃，什么食物不可以吃。)”说明了重力也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；后文“A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous. (一把松动的刀在舱内弹跳是很危险的。)”说明了刀在太空舱到处弹跳是危险的；E选项：For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board (同样的原因，锋利的刀和人在船上从不使用。)中的knife与后文的knife相对应，the same reason就是指开头的The lack of gravity ，符合题意。故选E项。 4．后文“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. (为了确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并返回地球，必须计算航天器中包含的每个物体的重量。)”说明重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素；G选项：Finally, weight is an important concern. (最后，重量是一个重要的问题)与后文的weight相对应，且finally与前文也形成了并列关系，符合题意。故选G项。 5．根据后文“Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up. (大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物经常是脱水的。当宇航员准备吃东西时，就会把热水加到饭里并把它加热。)”说明了宇航员食物的包装方式；C选项：Food packaging is made to be as light as possible. (食品包装要尽可能的轻)中的packing与后文的stored相对应，light与本段的论点weight相对应，符合题意。故选C项。 三、完形填空 It is well-known that China has made clear plans to send astronauts to land on the Moon before 2030 and is steadily 1 . However, China has done many things besides that. Many countries are interested in Mars (火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been 2 globally. But nearly half of them have 3 to get there. The 4 about failure went with Tianwen1, China’s first Mars exploring probe, which was launched on July 23, 2020. After around 10 months of travelling, the craft landed 5 on the surface of the planet on May 15, 2021. The good news that we made 6 met with both relief and celebration in the country and the concern disappeared. The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space. It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs (突破) in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed 8 . Why can China do this without any outside help? It is the can-do spirit. The Chinese people use wisdom and courage to 9 all the difficulties. In the early 1960s, when the country 10 a poor and backward country, the government decided to 11 rocket and space technologies: With the correct direction and continuous efforts, we get to where we are today step 12 step. On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space, 13 the construction of China’s space station. Two weeks ago, three astronauts took Shenzhou-17 to the station and began their 6 months of working and living there. China has been devoted to the peaceful use of outer space and has made many 14 to it. In some of the space missions, China welcomes the 15 who have the same belief. Let’s expect what China will achieve in the future! 1．A．putting off B．slowing down C．pushing forward D．stepping back 2．A．carried out B．carried away C．carried off D．carried on 3．A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．attempted 4．A．loss B．concern C．awareness D．ignorance 5．A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfully 6．A．it B．that C．which D．one 7．A．applicants B．officials C．explorers D．judges 8．A．independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunately 9．A．get back B．get over C．get along D．get up 10．A．measured B．accounted C．remained D．attracted 11．A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．develop 12．A．on B．in C．by D．about 13．A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cutting 14．A．advances B．contributions C．mistakes D．efforts 15．A．partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemies 【答案】 1 ．C 2 ．A 3 ．A 4 ．B 5 ．D 6 ．A 7 ．C 8 ．A 9 ．B 10 ．C 11 ．D 12 ．C 13 ．A 14 ．B 15 ．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索领域所取得的成就，包括发射探测器、建设空间站等，以及中国人民的勤劳勇敢精神和智慧对取得这些成就的贡献。 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：众所周知，中国已经制定了明确的计划，在2030年前将宇航员送上月球，并正在稳步推进。A. putting off延期；B. slowing down减速；C. pushing forward推进；D. stepping back后退。根据下一句“However, China has done many things besides that.”以及下文中国已经取得的成就可知，这一计划正在稳步推进。故选C。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务。A. carried out实施；B. carried away带走、冲走；C. carried off夺走；D. carried on继续进行。根据上文“Many countries are interested in Mars(火星).”可知，有许多国家都对去火星感兴趣，由此可知，全球已经执行了大约50次的火星任务。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但其中近一半的人未能实现这一目标。A. failed失败；B. begun开始；C. succeeded成功；D. attempted尝试。根据句首词“but”可知，本句和上文存在转折关系。由此可知，虽然全球已经执行了大约50次的火星任务，但是近一半没能成功。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020年7月23日，中国首个火星探测器“天问一号”发射升空，引发了对失败的担忧。A. loss损失；B. concern担忧；C. awareness意识；D. ignorance忽视。根据下文“the concern disappeared”可知，中国“天问一号”探测器发射时引发了人们的担忧。故选B。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过大约10个月的旅行，该飞船于2021年5月15日成功降落在火星表面。A. obviously显而易见地；B. calmly平静地；C. suddenly突然；D. successfully成功地。根据下文“The success marks that China has become one of the leading ____7____ of outer space.”可知，探测船成功降落在火星表面。故选D。 6．考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们成功的好消息让这个国家感到宽慰和庆幸，担忧消失了。A. it它；B. that那；C. which哪一；D. one一个。根据下文“The success marks that China has become one of the leading ____7____ of outer space.”可知，探测船成功降落在火星表面。短语：make it，意为“成功做某事”，符合句意。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一成功标志着中国已成为太空探索的领先国家之一。A. applicants申请者；B. officials官员；C. explorers探险者；D. judges法官、裁判。根据上文“Many countries are interested in Mars(火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been ____2____ globally. But nearly half of them have ____3____ to get there.”可知，很多国家对火星感兴趣，全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务，但有近一半的任务都失败了。由此可知，“天问一号”的成功登陆标志着中国已经成为太空探索的领先国家之一。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它还表明，中国在空间探索技术的发展方面取得了突破，因为它们都是完全自主开发的。A. independently独立地；B. definitely肯定地；C. quickly迅速地；D. fortunately幸运地。根据下文“Why can China do this without any outside help?”可知，中国在空间探索技术的发展方面取得了突破并没有依靠外在的帮助，由此可知，它们都是完全自主开发的。故选A。 9．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：中国人民用智慧和勇气克服了一切困难。A. get back返回；B. get over克服；C. get along进展；D. get up起床、站起来。根据上文“Why can China do this without any outside help? It is the can-do spirit.”可知，中国人民克服了一切困难。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪60年代初，当国家还是一个贫穷落后的国家时，政府决定发展火箭和航天技术。A. measured测量；B. accounted解释、将……视作；C. remained保持；D. attracted吸引。根据时间状语“In the early 1960s”以及常识可知，中国在20世纪60年代初还是一个贫穷落后的国家。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪60年代初，当国家还是一个贫穷落后的国家时，政府决定发展火箭和航天技术。A. remove去除；B. exchange交换；C. regret后悔；D. develop发展、开发。根据上文“It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs(突破) in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed ____8____.”可知，空处指的是中国决定发展火箭和航天技术。故选D。 12．考查介词词义辨析。句意：只要方向正确，不断努力，我们就会一步一步地走到今天。A. on在……上；B. in在……里；C. by在……旁、凭借；D. about关于。根据“With the correct direction and continuous efforts,”可知，中国通过不断努力，一步一步地走到今天。短语：step by step，意为“一步一步”，符合句意。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年4月29日，中国将天河核心舱送入太空，开始了中国空间站的建设。A. starting开始；B. counting数数；C. suffering遭受；D. cutting切。根据上文“On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space,”可知，中国从将天河核心舱送入太空开始了中国空间站的建设。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国一直致力于和平利用外层空间，并为此作出了许多贡献。A. advances进步；B. contributions贡献；C. mistakes错误；D. efforts努力。根据上文内容可知，中国已经在太空探索方面作出了许多贡献。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一些航天任务中，中国欢迎有相同信念的合作伙伴。让我们一起期待中国未来的成就吧！A. partners搭档、合作伙伴；B. workers工人；C. teachers教师；D. enemies敌人。根据下文“who have the same belief.”可知，中国欢迎的是有共同信念的合作伙伴。故选A。 四、语法填空 语法填空 People hold different opinions about space exploration. Some people think 1 (explore) space is a waste of time and money 2 others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space is 3 (help) to us. Firstly, exploring space has already made a 4 (different) in the fight against world hunger. Scientists use the data 5 (collect) by satellites to provide useful recommendations and advice 6 farmers. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that are beneficial to us. 7 (final), sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways 8 (solve) them. In 9 word, the space exploration provides the world with various benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and 10 (good) solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 【答案】 1．exploring 2．while 3．helpful 4．difference 5．collected 6．for 7．Finally 8．to solve 9．a 10．better 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对太空探索的不同看法。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人认为探索太空是浪费时间和金钱，而另一些人则认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们有多大的帮助。所填词作从句的主语，所以用动名词形式。故填exploring。 2．考查连词。句意：有些人认为探索太空是浪费时间和金钱，而另一些人则认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们有多大的帮助。根据句意可知，句子前后表示轻微的对比，所以用连词while。故填while。 3．考查形容词。句意：有些人认为探索太空是浪费时间和金钱，而另一些人则认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们有多大的帮助。所填的词作表语，所以用形容词形式helpful，表示“有帮助的”，符合题意。故填helpful。 4．考查名词。句意：首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。make a difference起作用。故填difference。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家利用卫星收集的数据为农民提供有用的推荐和建议。句中已有谓语动词use，所以空处作非谓语动词。名词data和collect是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填collected。 6．考查介词。句意：科学家利用卫星收集的数据为农民提供有用的推荐和建议。provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物，为固定搭配，故填for。 7．考查副词。句意：最后，将宇航员送入太空有助于人们思考世界上的问题，甚至找到解决问题的方法。所填词修饰整个句子，所以用副词形式。故填Finally。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，将宇航员送入太空有助于人们思考世界上的问题，甚至找到解决问题的方法。所填的词作定语修饰ways，所以用动词不定式。故填to solve。 9．考查固定搭配。句意：总之，太空探索给世界带来了各种各样的好处。in a word总之。故填a。 10．考查比较级。句意：因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案。根据句意可知，此处暗含了比较，所以用good的比较级形式。故填better。 五、书面表达 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The quilt (被子) took a lot of time. But the messages on it were meaningful. When I started my current project, I woke up every day with new ideas and fresh enthusiasm. I really believed in the importance of what I wanted to create, and I had my husband, Claudio, to cheer me on. But then, things had gotten hard. I injured my shoulder and my recovery was slow. In the middle of it, I lost Claudio to cancer. I was discouraged, lonely, and without Claudio’s comfort. Facing down the halffinished quilt in my sewing room one morning soon after his death, I could hardly gather the energy to sew it. The quilt was meant to be a way to keep my old nursing class together. We’d graduated from Mercy College over 40 years before and quickly worked all over the country. After our last anniversary party, I tried to find ways for everyone to stay in touch, but nothing ever seemed to work out. I knew I needed to find a connection to share at a distance. I thought about a quilt. I got in touch with as many of my old classmates as I could. Everyone who wanted to join the project was sent a piece of fabric (布料). They could sign it or write a personal message. Once I got the pieces back, I’d sew them into the finished piece. I rubbed my painful shoulder and ran my hand over the unfinished quilt. Even after several operations, movement in my left arm was limited. There was still so much to do. Our class’s forty-fifth anniversary party was coming up but my heart wasn’t in this project anymore. With Claudio’s encouragement I’d kept at it despite my painful shoulder. But Claudio was gone now. Working on the quilt was impossible with my aches and pains. Why was I even trying? I covered up my sewing machine and left the quilt as it was. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Weeks passed but I didn’t sew a thing. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I arrived at our forty-fifth anniversary party. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】     Weeks passed but I didn’t sew a thing. I saw it one afternoon when I went into my sewing room. Quilting pieces covered the table. They were filled with colorful messages from my old classmates at Mercy College. I picked one up: “Mercy sisters—friends forever” The handwriting was messy, but the statement was true. I could almost imagine my old friends right beside me, whispering words of hope and love. Maybe I’m not as alone as I thought. Suddenly my project no longer seemed so frightening. No time to waste. I uncovered my sewing machine and got to work. I arrived at our forty-fifth anniversary party. I was equipped with pictures of the finished quilt. The ladies cheered as the photos went from hand to hand, one dear friend to another. I couldn’t wait for them to hold the real thing, for them to be wrapped in the comfort of old friends, just like I had been when I needed it most. 【分析】文章讲述了作者想缝制一床被子，用来把曾经护理班的同学们联系起来。起初，在丈夫的鼓励下，作者充满热情，但后来，作者的肩膀受伤，丈夫又因为癌症去世，这让作者失去了对缝制被子的热情。作者护理班的45周年纪念派对即将到来，但她的心已经不在缝制被子上了，再加上肩膀的疼痛，她认为缝制被子是不可能的。于是，她盖上缝纫机，把被子留在原处。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几个星期过去了，但我什么也没缝。”可知，第一段可描写作者心态的变化，是什么让她再次燃起了对缝制被子的热情。 ②由第二段首句内容“我到达了我们的45周年纪念派对。”可知，第二段可描写当作者把被子成品的照片给老同学们看时，他们的反应及作者的感受。 2.续写线索：无心缝制被子——看到老同学的信息——再次燃起了热情——被子缝制成功——老同学看到被子成品的照片——老同学的反应——作者的感受 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.走进，进入：go into/walk into ②.充满……：be filled with…/be full of… ③.开始工作：get to work/begin to work 情绪类 ①.令人恐惧的：frightening/terrifying ②.孤独的：alone/solitary 【点睛】[高分句型1]. I saw it one afternoon when I went into my sewing room. （由when引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型2]. The ladies cheered as the photos went from hand to hand, one dear friend to another. （由as引导的时间状语从句） ( 12 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$