串讲01 Unit 1～2 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上外版2020选择性必修第二册）

高二英语期末考试复习 上外版2020 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1-2 现在/过去分词做表语 Participle as the predicative 上外版选择性必修二 Unit 1 Part One Present Participle as the Predicative (现在分词用作表语) The –ing form 一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面，相当于形容词。 2. 动名词（短语）作表语，表示抽象的一般性行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。 Her hobby is painting. My job is looking after the children. 作表语的现在分词、过去分词、不定式的区别： ① 不定式做表语表示主语的内容，强调一次性的，具体的，将要发生的动作。 ② 动名词做表语表示主语的内容，表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。 过去分词做表语表被动、完成，或人感到。 现在分词做表语表述主语的特征和性质，表示令人。 My job is teaching Her job this morning is to sweep the floor. The news was very disappointing. We were deeply moved by his moving deeds. Part Two Past Participle as the Predicative (过去分词用作表语) 1. She was moved by the moving speech. 2. She seems surprised at the news. 3. They looked frightened to hear the frightening sound. 4. The door is closed. 过去分词可置于 后作 语，用来表示主语的性质、特征或 。 系动词 表 状态 观察下列句子并总结规律 8 Look at the following examples. The shop is _________(close). closed Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ (pay) by the hour. paid There are two glasses which are _______ (break). broken There are two broken glasses. 常见的系动词有： 1. 状态系动词：be 2. 持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand 3. 表象系动词：seem, appear 4. 感官系动词：look, smell, sound, taste, feel 5. 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get 6. 终止系动词：prove, turn out 1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，与被动语态结构相似，主要是表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词,其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。 如：Everyone present was very inspired at his speech． You seem frightened. 这类作表语的过去分词有:interested; surprised; astonished(感到吃惊的); amazed; shocked; frightened; terrified(感到恐惧的); scared; delighted (感到高兴的); pleased; amused (感到开心的); disappointed; worried; tired; bored；puzzled; satisfied (满意的); depressed (感到消沉的); upset; disturbed(感到不安的); confused; inspired; encouraged, frustrated(感到沮丧的); embarrassed 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，相当于形容词； 被动语态中，句子主语是动作的承受者，后面常跟by。 例如： This shop is closed． (状态) This shop is closed by the local government. (动作) 2. 过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别 内容回顾 The cup is broken. She looked excited. 系动词 be 动词 状态 过去分词做表语,放在_________或 _______的后面,说明主语所处的______, ,________,和 ______. 性质 特征心情 过去分词做表语 过去分词做表语与动词的被动语态的区别: The glass is broken. The glass is broken by the naughty boy. (是过去分词做表语) (是动词的被动语态) 结论：过去分词做表语,强调的是主语 所处的______,而动词的被动语态表示的是一个_______. 状态 动作 过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状 态。此时的过去分词作表语相当于一个形容 词。 No wonder he is excited! (predicative) 可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有： 1.表情感的过去分词： delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied 2.表状态的一些过去分词： lost ； seated ； hidden ； lost / absorbed in ；born ； dressed in ； tired of 。 Eg.飞机着陆的时候乘客要保持就座的状态。 The passengers should remain/be seated as the plane is making a landing. Tranlsate the following sentences. 1. 我的暑假很烦闷。 My summer holiday was very boring. 2.他的话很鼓舞人。 His words are inspiring. 3.这个消息很令人震惊。 The news is quite shocking. v-ing形式作表语 v–ing用来表示主语所具有__________，通常翻译成_______。 性质和特征 令人…的 boring inspiring shocking 过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别： We are ____________(interest) in the film. The film is ____________ (interest) to us. Michelle sounded __________(excite) to hear the news. The news sounded ____________(excite). 过去分词作表语一般形容人； 现在分词作表语一般形容物 interested interesting excited exciting I’d be interested to know what you think about it. It would be interesting to know what he really believed. We would be interested to hear your views on this subject. 22 The question is rather__________(puzzle). puzzling The student is quite___________(puzzle). puzzled inspired Mr. Smith delivered a speech, which was very ___________ .The audience were ___________ after listenning to the speech.(inspire) inspiring 1. The plants that they found there were (astonish) 2. I was (astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. She had a  (worry) look on her face because she  failed the exam.  4. He looked  (interest) in the idea I put forward.  5. The mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) astonishing astonished worried interested puzzled 6. There is nothing________(leave)to do but wait for my  parents to come here.  7.All his fans are __________(inspire) by Li Jian’s humor in Voice of China. 8. Be brave. You look like a ___ bird (frighten) 9. The fierce lion looks ___ (frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. left inspired frightened frightening Subject Clauses 主语从句 上外版选择性必修二 Unit 2 一、 定义 在主从复合句中，充当 的从句叫主语从句。 e.g.（分析下列句子成分） What he did in the earthquake moved everybody. 主语从句 谓语 宾语 That China will become more powerful is certain. 主语从句 谓语 表语 主语 That he will pass the exam is certain. Whether he will pass the exam is uncertain. Who will go makes no difference. What we need is more time. Which book I shall choose hasn’t been decided. 找出下列句子中的主语从句 二、引导主语从句三大连接词： 1、 从属连词：that , whether that 无词义,在从句中不作成分， 但不能省略 whether 意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分， 可放在句首或句末，但不可省略 e.g. she got the first prize made her parents very happy. she will come or not is still a question. 无义 是否 That Whether 练一练 1、_________ we go there by train or by air is not clear. 2、______ she left him made him very sad. Whether That 2、连接代词： 连接代词 中文意思 在从句中的成分 who / whom __ whoever ______ what __________ whatever _______ which ______ whichever ________ whose ____ 不可省略 谁 不论谁 什么\什么事 无论什么 哪一个 无论哪一个 谁的 主语 宾语 表语 定语 e.g. Whatever you do should do no harm to others. 无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。 Who will take his place is not important. 谁将代替他并不重要。 练一练 1、_________ will host the meeting hasn’t been decided. 2、________car runs faster should be tested. 3、________ comes to our school is welcome. 4、________ side will win is not clear. Who Whose Whoever Which 3、连接副词： 连接副词 中文意思 在从句中的成分 when where why how 不可省略 什么时候 在哪里 为什么 怎么样，如何 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 方式状语 练一练 1、_____ he didn’t come yesterday is unknown. 2、____________we will set up the factory should be discussed. 3、__________ this happened is not clear. Why When/ Where How / Why 三、用it 作形式主语的主语从句 常用句型如下： It+ be +名词+ that 从句 It+ be + 形容词+ that从句 It+ be + 过去分词+ that从句 It+ 不及物动词+ that从句 It + 及物动词+ 宾语+ that 从句 注解：一般来说主语从句都是放在 , 但有时为了使句子 ,避免”头重脚轻”, 常用 作 ，从而把主语从句放在 ． 句首 保持平衡 it 形式主语 后面 It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句 It is a pity that… 很遗憾… It is a fact that… 事实是… 形式主语常用句型 It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句 It is obvious that…… 显然... It is important that …. 重要的是… It + be + 过去分词 ＋ that从句 It is said that... 据说... It is known that… 众所周知… It happened that... 碰巧…… It occurred to me that…我突然想起… It +不及物动词+that 1) It is + n. +that 　 It is a pity/shame that... 　 It is a surprise that… 　 It is a fact that… It is common knowledge that … *_______________(很可惜)we lost the match. *______________(这是事实)he cheated in the exam. It is a pity that It is a fact that 可惜的是…… 令人吃惊的是… 事实是… …是常识 2) It is + adj. +that 　 It’s certain that… 　 It is possible/likely that... It is obvious/clear that… It is true that… *_______________(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_______________(很明显) he is an English. It is possible that It is obvious that 肯定… 很可能…… 很明显… 的确… 3) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that... It is known to all that... It is reported that... It is believed that... It is suggested that + (should）do... *_________________(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *__________________(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise. It is reported that It is suggested that 据说…… 众所周知…… 据报道…… 据相信……;人们相信…… 建议…… 4) It +不及物动词+that It happened that... It occurred to me that… It appears/seems that… It turned out that… *________________(刚好)I was out yesterday. *____________________(我突然想起)I forgot to sent the letter. It happened that It occurred to me that 碰巧…… 我突然想起… 似乎，好像… 原来… 5) It + 及物动词 ＋宾语+ that从句 It worried her that… It shocked me that …. *____________________(让我吃惊的是) she treated in the exam. It surprised me that 让她担心的是 … 让我震惊的是… 1、That we can’t go to see the movie on the weekend is a pity. 2、That his memory was becoming worse worried him a lot . It is a pity that we can’t go to see the movie on the weekend. It worried him a lot that his memory was becoming worse. 用it 作形式主语来改写下面的句子 改错 1、That is widely believed that smoking can cause cancer. 2、It is suggested that we will hold a meeting next week . It （作形式主语） 解析：过去分词如果是suggested , ordered, requested 等表示建议，命令，请求等的词时，主语从句应用虚拟 语气，即“(should) + 动词原形” (should) hold 四、 主语从句中应注意的问题 1、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前， 谓语在后。 e.g. remains a mystery. 他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。 Why he did it 主语从句的时态受主句的时态影响和限制。 例1. When will he come is not known. 正：When he will come is not known. 例2.That he finishes his work on time was a great surprise to us all. 正: That he finished his work on time was ... 2、 从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数 ①单个主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数 e.g. When we shall have our sports meeting not been decided yet. ②由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时， 谓语动词也用单数 e.g. When and where we shall have our sports meeting not been decided yet. has has ③如果用and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句 做主语时，谓语动词用复数 e.g. When they will start and where they will go not been decided yet. have 注意 what 和who 引导主语从句时，主句谓语 的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What I need ______ money. What I need ______ books. is are Who you will go with ______ Lucy. Who you will go with ______ the twins. is are 3、whether 引导的主语从句,如果用了 形式主语it ,引导词whether 可以换成if , 如果whether 从句在句首或后面有or not 时,不能换成if. Whether they will sell the house is not decided yet. whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能 It is not decided yet whether they will sell the house. 不可用if替换 可用if替换 主语从句考点归纳 主语从句连接词的使用 主谓一致 （谓语动词单 数 ?复数？） 形式主语结构 主语从句的语序、时态 合作探究 针对训练 练习 ___ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Which 2. ___ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. A. Because B. That C. / D. What 3. ___ I need is more time. A. That B. What C. / D. Which 4. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 5. ___ Jack looked so excited is not clear. A. That B. Where C. when D. why 6. ____ that we will go shopping this afternoon. A. It is a good idea B. It is a pity C. That is a good idea D. That is a pity 7. It was requested that everyone _______ a speech at the meeting. A. made B. makes C. be made D. make 演练 1 Translation： ① 她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。 _____________________________ made us very happy. ② 他能通过考试是肯定的。 _____________________________ is certain. That she could come to help us That he can pass the exam 连接词：whether/if 1. Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 2. Whether Liuxiang will win the game or not is not clear. 3. Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown. = It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out. Discovery: whether/if在从句中_______（充当/不充当）任何句子成分，意为“_________”，起连接作用，_______（可以/不可以）省略。但_________(whether/if)引导的主语从句只能放句尾，句首需用_________ 作主语。 不充当 是否 不可以 if it It 演练 2 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 ① _________________________________ is of great importance. ② It is very important ___________________________ _________. Whether he can finish his task on time whether/if he can finish his task on time 连接词：连接代词（who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等）。 1. Who will go to the concert is unknown. 2. Whose responsibilty it is remains to be discussed. 3. What the lecture said is of great value. 4. What it was to become was uncertain. Discovery: 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以充当_______、_________、________或_________等句子成分。 主语 定语 宾语 表语 演练 3 Fill in the blanks with the proper connective words and analyze what they are used as： 1.______ we need is more time. ______ 2.______ will go to solve the problem makes no difference. _______ 3.______ book I shall choose hasn’t been decided. ______ Which 定语 What 宾语 Who 主语 连接词：连接副词（when, where, why, how等）。 1. When we will have a meeting is an important question. 2. How they will solve the serious problem is still under discussion. 3. Where car will be parked in the future is a question. 4. Why she didn’t come to the party yesterday confused her friends. Discovery: 连接副词引导主语从句，在从句中可以充当_______成分。 状语 演练 4 Choose the proper connective words to fill in the blanks. ： ① ______ John was late for the class has been unexplained. ② ______ he managed to survive in the forest interests everyone. ③ ______ and ______ they will hold the meeting is not clear. Why How When where 主语从句中应注意的问题：主谓一致 ① Who will go makes no difference. ② How she keeps healthy is a secret. Discovery: 从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用__________（单数/复数）形式。 ③ When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. ④ When and where they will go has not been decided yet. Discovery: 如果由and连接两个或以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用____________； 如果由两个或多个连接词共同引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用___________。 单数 复数 单数 演练 5 单句改错： ① That the coal workers are still alive are a wonder. ② When and where the meeting will be held have not been decided. is has $$