串讲02 Unit 3～4 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上外版2020选择性必修第二册）

高二英语期末考试复习 上外版2020 选择性必修第二册 Unit 3-4 Gerund 动名词做主语、宾语、表语 上外版选择性必修二 Unit 3 重难点回顾 一. 动名词做主语的用法 动名词做主语往往表示抽象的，经常性、习惯性的动作, 如： Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。 Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如： It's rather tiring walking around in a city. 常用动名词作主语的句型： It is/was a waste of time doing It is no use/good doing It is worth/worthwhile doing There is no sense in doing There is/ was no use/ good doing There is/was no point doing “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作 主语，表示“没法……”。 3）There be +no+动名词. There was no telling when this might appen again. 没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。 不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如： It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 He realized that to go on like this was wrong. （指抽象动作） （指具体动作） 二. 动名词作宾语的用法 avoid/ miss/ postpone advise/ finish/ practice enjoy/ imagine/ can’t help admit/ deny/ envy escape/ risk/ excuse stand/ keep /mind 1．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。 2.动名词作介词的宾语 devote to look forward to be used to feel like insist on stick to lead to get down to pay attention to 3. 动词need, require, want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如： The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned． 4. 在begin, start, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, 后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。 5. 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。 forget /remember/regret doing 忘记、记得、遗憾 已做了 forget /remember/regret to do 忘记、记得、遗憾要做 go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can't help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事 5.it 作形式宾语,动名词作真正宾语 I found it useless (no good) arguing about it. Do you consider it any good trying again? 6.介词in 可省略的搭配 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing have a good/ a hard time (in) doing have a problem/ a struggle (in) doing be busy (in) doing sth sb spend time/money (in) doing sth You can’t imagine what difficulty we had home in the snowstorm. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 7. allow, advise, forbid, permit doing allow／advise／forbid／permit sb to do We don't allow smoking here． We don't allow anybody to smoke here． 8. 有些动词后可以接动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 如：need/ want/require/deserve doing = need/want/require/deserve to be done eg: The carpet really wants cleaning. = The carpet really wants to be cleaned. 动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 ★ 动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。且主语和表语位置可以互换。如： My hobby is growing flowers. Her job is looking after the children. ★ 现在分词作表语，可以看做修饰物的形容词，说明主语的性质，特征。这类现在分词有： challenging, inspiring, convincing... 如： It’s amazing that you should know that! Skiing is more exciting than skating. —What do you think of the story I told you just now? —It sounds interesting. I like it very much. 内容拓展 1) 一般式主动语态： writing 2)一般式被动语态：being written 3) 完成式主动语态：having written 4) 完成式被动语态：having been written 否定形式：not+ writing not being written not having written not having been written 四、动名词的形式、动名词复合结构 1) 名词所有格+动名词： Tom’s writing 2) 名词普通格+动名词：Tom writing 3)形容词性代词+动名词：his writing 4)人称代词宾格+动名词：him writing 动名词的复合结构 2,4情况只能用作宾语，不用作主语 Do you mind my coming late for the film? Do you mind me coming late for the film? Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. Mary being late for class made her teacher angry. 针对训练 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired Excersice 2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practise ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying 8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh 10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. You should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night. (stay up) A. to sit B. sit C. to sitting D. sitting 17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared 19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. say 21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected 22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed 23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed 24. He attended the party without___. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 25. By ____, water can be changed into gas. A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated 26. On land many objects prevent sound _____ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling 27. She returned home only to find the door open and something____ . A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 28. Remember__ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 29. Writing stories and articles__ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 30. He was afraid ___for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen 1. He stopped ________ (smoke) and have a rest. 2. He really must stop_________ (smoke). 3. I once tried ________ (learn) French. 4. Let’s try _________ (knock) at the back door. 5. I didn’t to mean ________ (hurt) your feeling. 6. This word means ________ (set) out at once. to smoke smoking to learn knocking to hurt setting to learn 完成句子。 7. I can’t help ________ (clean) the room, for I am too busy. 8. After hearing the joke, we can’t help _________ (laugh). 9. Water is used to _______(water) flowers. 10. I am used to __________ (get up) early. 11. Though it rained, they went on _________ (work). 12. We have finished Part 1. Let’s go on _________ (learn) Part 2. to clean laughing water getting up working to learn 内容拓展 1.Complete the sentences using the -ing form and state their functions. 1. Bill's job is _________ sign language. 2. The theme of his presentation（陈述；报告） is _____________ barriers between groups. 3. By _________, we mean "bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame". teaching amuse, teach, break down, call on, bow, get through, assess breaking down bowing 4. ______________ three kilometres of heavy traffic took me almost 25 minutes. 5. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up ___________ Professor Zhang. Getting through calling on 动名词作表语 动名词作主语 动名词作宾语 动名词作宾语 动名词作表语 49 2.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases. Reading body language is not an easy task. It can be ____________ because interpreting the signs that another person shows requires _____________________________. In this sense, it can be compared to a doctor _____________________________. challenging lie, challenge, consider individual differences, maintain, consider the whole picture, evaluate a patient's condition evaluating a patient's condition considering the whole picture 50 _____________________________ is also key to reading people's body language accurately. For example, when _________, some people avoid eye contact. By contrast, others may _________ eye contact even longer than usual. lying maintain lie, challenge, consider individual differences, maintain, consider the whole picture, evaluate a patient's condition Considering individual differences 51 V-ing复杂形式 上外版选择性必修二 Unit 4 重难点回顾 1 现在分词完成形式。 3 动名词被动式。 2 现在分词否定形式。 4 动名词的复合结构。 动词-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。有时态和语态的变化形式。 动词-ing形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动词-ing形式的否定式是在前面加not。 非谓语-动词v-ing 形式 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Germany, as it is not considered polite. She was praised for having done a good deed. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized. ◆一般式 doing：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作____________或发生在谓语动作之后； ◆完成时having done： 表示的动作发生在______________。 ◆动词-ing 与它的逻辑主语之间为被动关系时，用被动语态。 几乎同时发生 谓语动作之前 56 动词–ing 形式的结构 主动语态 被动语态 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 一般式 doing 完成式 not doing being done not being done having done not having done having been done not having been done 动词 -ing 形式在句中做: __________________________________。 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补 和谓语动词同时发生 和谓语动词存在先后关系 做完家务活后，她准备去购物。 Having finished the housework, she got ready to go shopping. 听到这个令人振奋的消息，我们高兴地跳起来。 Hearing the exciting news, we jumped with joy. 57 点击此处添加标题 标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改，顶部“开始”面板中可以对字体、字号、颜色等进行修改。 点击此处添加标题 标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改，顶部“开始”面板中可以对字体、字号、颜色等进行修改。 点击此处添加标题 标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改，顶部“开始”面板中可以对字体、字号、颜色等进行修改。 点击此处添加标题 1. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, _______ out of the window. [look] 2. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. [lack] 3. _____________________ a proper explanation, all the students worked out the difficult questions. [give] 4. ____________ in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. [wait] 5.European football is played in 80 countries, _________ it the most popular sport in the world.[make] 6. ______________ what to do next, we went to the teacher for help. [not, know] looking lacking Having been given Having waited making Not knowing 针对训练 1. When I was skating in the pond, I suddenly fell into the pond. 2. When I was trapped there, I felt cold and scared. 3.Because I didn't know what to do, I shouted for help. When skating in the pond, I suddenly fell into the pond. 主动 Being trapped there, I felt cold and scared. 被动 否定 Not knowing what to do, I shouted for help. Replace underlined parts with suitable -ing forms. Having heard my call, the boy found a long pole and dragged me out of the hole. Having been rescued from the hole, I was thankful to him. 4. After the boy had heard my call, he found a long pole and dragged me out of the hole. 主动 ；先后 被动 ；先后 5. After I had been rescued from the hole, I was thankful to him. 一般式 被动式 完成式 完成被动式 一般式否定 doing not doing being done having done having been done Replace underlined parts with suitable -ing forms. 点击此处添加标题 标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改，顶部“开始”面板中可以对字体、字号、颜色等进行修改。 点击此处添加标题 标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改，顶部“开始”面板中可以对字体、字号、颜色等进行修改。 点击此处添加标题 标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改，顶部“开始”面板中可以对字体、字号、颜色等进行修改。 点击此处添加标题 1. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, _______ out of the window. [look] 2. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. [lack] 3. _____________________ a proper explanation, all the students worked out the difficult questions. [give] 4. ____________ in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. [wait] 5.European football is played in 80 countries, _________ it the most popular sport in the world.[make] 6. ______________ what to do next, we went to the teacher for help. [not, know] looking lacking Having been given Having waited making Not knowing 翻译句子 2. 她坐在那里，看小说。 3. 走进房间，他就关上了门。 5. 做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。 4. 正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。 1. 旅行是有趣的，但也让人疲劳。 Traveling is interesting but tiring. She sat there, reading a novel. Going into the room，he shut the door. The building being built is our library. Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. 63 $$