第05讲 被动语态（课件）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

专 题 05 被动语态 一轮复习讲练测 英 语 1 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 考点突破·考法探究 04 分层训练·巩固提升 目录 CONTENTS 2 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 不同时态的被动语态 掌握不同时态的被动语态的基本知识 10年10考 被动语态的用法‌ 掌握被动语态的不同用法 10年10考 主动形式表示被动含义‌ 掌握中考考点中主动形式表示被动含义的动词‌ 近10年连续考查 被动语态易混易错点 掌握系表结构与被动语态的区别，be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别，主动语态变被动语态的易错点 近10年连续考查 考情透视·目标导航 被动语态的考查常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用的形式来进行，考查的命题点有：不同时态的被动语态辨析、被动语态的用法、主动形式表被动意义等。 3 知识导图·思维引航 被动语态的用法 一般现在时的被动语态 被动语态的基本句型 主动形式表被动的含义 被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态 不同时态被动语态的构成 被动语态易混错点 主语+be+过去分词（+by…) 现在完成时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态 含情态动词的被动语态 系动词 feel, look, keep等 当cut,read,sell 等作不及物动词时 不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态 4 考点突破·考法探究 考点1：被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例词 使用情况 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 不清楚或不愿意说出动作的执⾏者是谁。 常⽤⼀些句式： It is said that…（据说……） It is reported that …（据报道……） It is rumoured that …（据传⾔……） 否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。 —No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)? What was stolen last night? 昨晚什么东西被偷了? 5 考点突破·考法探究 考点2：不同时态被动语态的构成 不同时态被动语态的构成是每年中考必考的知识点。考察的内容主要包括各时态被动语态的构成、时态判断、主动被动的辨识以及动词过去分词的变化。 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am/ is/ are+ done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year. 每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般过去时 was/ were+ done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 一般将来时 will/ shall+ be+ done We will take new measures to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 New measures will be taken to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 知识梳理 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 现在进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+ done Our school is holding a sports meeting. 我们学校正在举办运动会。 A sports meeting is being held in our school. 我们学校正在举办运动会。 过去进行时 was/ were+being done My parents was discussing the report on health at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个 关于健康的报道。 The report on health was being discussed by my parents at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个关于 健康的报道。 现在完成时 have/ has+ been+ done They have published the results of their experiments. 他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 The results of their experiments have been published. 他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 知识梳理 句式 结构 例句 肯定句式 主语+情态动词+ be+过去分词+( by…). Such work can be done in an hour or so. 这样的工作可以在一个小时左右做完。 否定句式 主语+情态动词+ not+ be+过去分词+( by...). Anything here can't be touched. 这里的任何东西都不能碰。 一般疑问句式 情态动词+主语+ be+过去分词+( by…)? Can phones be taken into the classroom? 手机能被带到教室吗? 特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问句：疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+ be+过去分词(+其他)? What can be recycled at home? 家里什么东西可以回收? 含有情态动词的被动语态 考点突破·考法探究 考点3：被动语态的用法 中考英语中对于被动语态的用法考察内容除了各种时态被动语态的构成外，还经常考察被动语态的使用场合、用法以及主动语态和被动语态之间的转换。 1．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers. 这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3．出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question．关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 4．文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted．招女工。 5．在上下文中，为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话，学生们总是留心听他讲。 6．固定句式中常用被动语态，如It is said that……（据说……）， It is/was reported that……（据报道），It is well-known that……（众所周知……）等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了 主动语态和 被动语态 的转化 步骤 1 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤 将主动语态的宾语(a new school) 作被动语态的主语(A new school) They built a new school last year. A new school was built by them last year.‌ They built a new school last year. A new school was built by them last year.‌ 谓语动词变为“ be+及物动词的过去分词( was built)”，并通过 be的变化来表现出不同的时态(词句为过去时）。 步骤 2 They built a new school last year. A new school was built by them last year.‌  主动语态的主语变为介词 by的宾语( by Bruce)，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时 by短语可以省略) 步骤 3 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况 考点突破·考法探究 考点4：主动形式表示被动 主动形式表示被动指在某些情况下，使用主动语态的形式来表达被动语态的意义。这种用法在中考中较为常见，主要通过感官动词、系动词‌、不及物动词、动名词‌、不定式及介词短语方式来实现。 (1)某些连系动词,如 look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove等,可用主动形式表示被动意义。 This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫摸起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。 Everything will prove to be all right in the end. 最后会证明一切顺利。 (2)表示主语的特征、状态的动词作谓语时。 表示主语的特征、状态的动词常见的有 read, write, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等,此类动词常表示主语的某种属性。 Her new novel sells well.她的新小说很畅销。 This kitchen cleans very easily.这个厨房很容易清洗。 (3)当 open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。此类动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用。 The door won't shut. 这扇门关不上。Suddenly the door opened. 突然间门开了。 (4)某些表示“发生”的(短语)动词,如 happen, take place, spread 等。 The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。 The news spread quickly and at last our teacher knew it. 这则消息传播得很快，最后我们老师知道了。 (5)动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 作“需要”讲的 need, want, require 后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。 The problem requires studying with great care. = The problem requires to be studied with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 考点突破·考法探究 考点5：被动语态易混易错点 主动形式表示被动指在某些情况下，使用主动语态的形式来表达被动语态的意义。这种用法在中考中较为常见，主要通过感官动词、系动词‌、不及物动词、动名词‌、不定式及介词短语方式来实现。 1. 被动语态中的过去分词强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，强调主语的特点或状态。 The book was sold by a certain bookstore. 这本书在某一家书店出售。(被动语态) The book is well sold. 这本书卖得好。 (系表结构) 3. 被动语态一般由“be+过去分词”构成；系表结构除了与be动词连用外，还可以用其他系动词，如,become, get, turn, sound, lie, remain, seem, appear等。 These English songs have been taught many times on the radio.（被动语态） 这些英文歌曲在收音机里已经教过很多遍了。 She suddenly became interested in the picture. （系表结构） 她突然变得对这幅画有兴趣了。 2. 被动语态常由greatly, much等词修饰；系表结构常由very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等词修饰。 I was greatly moved by her kindness.（系表结构） 我被她的善良深深地打动了。 He is very satisfied with your paper. (系表结构) 他对你的论文非常满意。 1.系表结构与被动语态的区别 18 2. be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别 “be+过去分词”既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，多表示一般的动作或状态。 “get+过去分词”多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。只能表示动作。 The tree is broken. 树断了。 The tree got broken in the snow. 这颗树在大雪中被弄断了。 “be+过去分词”多表示经过安排、考虑的动作。 “get+过去分词”可表示出乎意料的动作。且构成疑问句时，需借助助动词do的适当形式。 The bridge was built in 1866 and in now still in a good state. 这座古老的桥是1866年建造的，现在还完好。 Many animals got killed in the wild when searching for food. 许多动物在野外觅食时被杀死。 19 3.主动语态变被动语态的易错点 1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 2. 主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了to，变成被动语态时，需加上to。 3. 短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。 4. 情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。 5. 当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式： My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。 →An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday. →I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. The boss made him work all day long.→ He was made to work all day long (by the boss) 老板让他整天都工作。 Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。 They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。 We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days. 我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。 a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。 b．用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。 People know paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。 →Paper was known to be made in China first.→It is known that paper was made in China first. 20 4.不能用于被动语态的高频动词 appear 死 die 消失 disappear 躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree 属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of 赶上 keep up with 发生 happen take place occur 静态动词 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal 失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack 持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost 适合 suit fit       不及物动词 及短语 21 分层训练·巩固提升 一、基础巩固 1．A baby’s first month birthday is a special event in China. Usually it ________ with a special party. A．is celebratıng B．is celebrated C．has celebrated 2．Labor Education ________ to develop the view of the world life, values and an interest in doing housework. A．is carried out B．has carried out C．carried out D．is carrying out 3．The 25-year-old actor Wang Hedi ________ for his excellent basketball skills in the NBA All-Star Celebrity Game in February 2024. A．praises B．is praised C．was praised D．will be praised 4．I like shopping online because when my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon. A．send B．was sent C．are sending D．will be sent 5．More trees ________ along the Yellow River next year to prevent the soil from being washed away on rainy days. A．are planted B．will plant C．are plant D．will be planted 22 分层训练·巩固提升 6．Shenzhou 18, carrying three astronauts, ________ to China Space Station in April, 2024. A．sent B．will send C．was sent D．will be sent 7．—My robot doesn’t work. What should I do? —I think it needs ________. You can call the customer service department. A．check B．checking C．be checked 8．—What do you think of the graduation ceremony（典礼）? — Oh, excellent, it’s worth ________ forever. A．to remember B．be remembered C．remembering D．remembered 9．Great changes ________ in the Chinese society in the past twenty years. A．are taken place B．have taken place C．are happened 10．The number of Tik Tok (抖音) users ________ sharply since Tik Tok ________ in 2016. A．has risen; appeared B．have been risen; appeared C．raises; was appeared D．rose; was appeared 23 分层训练·巩固提升 二、能力提升 完成句子（将下列句子改为被动语态) 1．The traditional skill of paper-cutting has attracted lots of foreign students. Lots of foreign students _____________ attracted by the traditional skill of paper-cutting. 2．People usually put up Christmas trees in their houses during Christmas. Christmas trees ____ usually ____ up in their houses during Christmas. 3．Joyce wrote an article about her travel memories last month. An article about her travel memories _____________by Joyce last month. 4．My friends gave me some books at my fifteenth birthday party. I _____________ some books at my fifteenth birthday party. 5．I saw many students go into the classroom when they heard the bell. Many students _______________________ into the classroom when they heard the bell. 6．My mother asked the computer engineer to check our computer. The computer engineer _____________ to check our computer by my mother. have been are put was written was given were seen to go was asked 24 7．Water covers about 70% of the Earth. (变成被动语态) About 70% of the Earth _____________ by water. 8．They were planting trees this time yesterday. (改为被动语态) Trees ______________________ _ them this time yesterday. 9．Mr. Wang has chosen ten more people as the new football team members.（改为被动语态） Ten more people _____________ chosen as the new football team members. 10．A self-driving car killed a woman as she walked across a street yesterday.  (改为被动语态) A woman _____________ by a self-driving car as she walked across a street yesterday. 11．The headmaster will choose some students to be volunteers for the meeting.(改为被动语态) Some students will _____________ to be volunteers for the meeting by the headmaster. 12．Does Kitty often sing these English songs?（改为被动语态） _____________ these English songs often _____________ by Kitty? 分层训练·巩固提升 is covered were being planted by have been was killed be chosen Are sung 25  三、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的动词，并用其适当形式填空。（每词限用一次）。 The morning sun came out as Carlos and his dad began to work. With strong little arms, Carlos handed his dad baskets of pears and helped carry them onto the back of the truck. After all the pears into the truck, Carlos and his dad set off down the road. They set up the tent and table to sell pears, with a big sign “Pears For Sale” hanging in front. They were waiting for customers, but no one stopped  any. Later that afternoon, they packed the unsold pears. “If we don’t sell these soon, they will get too soft.” said his dad. Too soft? thought Carlos. “Dad, I mom to help me.” The next morning, Carlos and his mom made some pear jam and filled several small bottles. He painted a new sign, “Taste for Free.” They had customers all day long. Later that afternoon, they began to pack up the empty table. “Dad, I can’t believe we all of the pears out.” said Carlos happily. “Not all, boy.” laughed his dad. “I   one for you just now.”   分层训练·巩固提升 have sold will ask were put to buy saved 句意：我会让妈妈帮我的。根据ask sb. to do sth ，请求某人帮助去做什么，这里是一般将来时表示计划打算做什么，让用ask，故答案是will ask。 句意：他们在等顾客，但没有人停下来买。根据stop+ to do表示停下来去做什么，此处的意为停下去买梨，买用buy，故答案是to buy。 句意：我刚才给你留了一个。根据句意是我给你留了一个，因为全文过去时，保留用save，故答案是saved。 句意：所有的梨都装上卡车后，卡洛斯和他的爸爸上路了。根据句意是梨都装上卡车，主语是pears，全文是过去时，梨应该是被放到车上，所以是一般过去时的被动，放用put，故答案是were put。 句意：我不敢相信我们把所有的梨都卖完了。根据句意是我们把所有的梨都卖完了，对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，主语是we，谓语动词用have done，卖用sell，过去分词是sold，故答案是have sold。 buy             ask           put          save           sell 20．21．22．h23． 26 四、书面表达 中国结作为一种传统艺术形式，深受国人和国外友人喜爱。春节期间经常被人们悬挂，增加节日气氛。请你写一篇发言稿向外国朋友们介绍。 要求：根据要点增加适当细节；适当运用被动语态；80—100个词。 要点：由一根红色的绳子（rope）编成：由特点的形状和意义命名（name）；过去用来记事（events） ，现在用来装饰（decorate，动词）；是幸福和好运的象征。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 分层训练·巩固提升 Dear friends, Today, I am excited to introduce to you the traditional Chinese knot. It is made of one red rope and named after its unique shape and significance. In the past, Chinese knots were used to record events. Nowadays, they are widely used to decorate homes, especially during the Chinese New Year to enhance the festive atmosphere. The Chinese knot is a symbol of happiness and good luck and is loved by people both in China and abroad. Thank you! [写作步骤] 第一步，表达自己很激动要介绍中国结； 第二步，根据提示具体描述； 第三步，最后表达感谢。 [高分句型] The Chinese knot is a symbol of happiness and good luck and is loved by people both in China and abroad.（and并列句，被动语态） [总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③ 提示：根据所给提示完成写作，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。 [亮点词汇] ① be made of 由……制造 ② name after 以……命名 ③ a symbol of ……的象征 27 THE END 28 $$