专题01 定语从句【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

高二英语期末考试复习 外研版 选择性必修第一册 定语从句 his desk Tom’s father a beautiful city three teachers women teachers in the room above a developing country a developed country There is nothing to do today. an article about how to learn English a city which is beautiful 定语 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。 含义 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。 Mary is a girl who has long hair. 修饰girl This is the classroom where we study. 修饰classroom 定语从句 Mary is a girl who has long hair. 定语从句 which, who, whom, whose, that, as Where, when, why 相关术语 先行词 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 Look at the kites which are flying in the sky. The pen which I’m using is pretty good. which：指物，作主语或宾语 关系代词的选择 The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker. The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher. who：指人，作主语；whom：指人，做宾语 关系代词的选择 Who’s the boy that is reading a book? Can you show me the photo that you like best? that：指人或物，作主语或宾语 关系代词的选择 I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. The house whose windows are closed is mine. whose：指人或物，做定语 关系代词的选择 1. I still remember the day when I first came to Guiping. 2. You’ve entered into an age when knowledge makes you rich. 当先行词是表示_____的名词(如 time, day, year, month, week等), 且从句缺少状语时，定语从句用when引导。 关系副词 when 在定语从句中充当_________。 when 关系副词的选择 时间 时间状语 1. This is the town where Li Hua was born. 2. Keep thebooks in a place where you can find them easily. 当先行词是表示_____的名词(如place, room, airport等)，且从句缺少状语时，定语从句用where引导. 关系副词 where 在定语从句中充当________。 地点 地点状语 关系副词的选择 除地点名词后，where 还可用于case, condition, example, situation, stage, point, system, atmosphere, position等表示抽象地点的名词前。 1. They have reached the point ______ they have to break up with each other. 2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themseves differently. where where 关系副词的选择 1. He didn’t tell me the reason why he was late yesterday. 2. This is the reason why he gave up trying in the end. 当先行词是表示原因的名词_______，且从句缺状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限定性定语从句。 关系副词 why 在定语从句中充当________。 reason 原因状语 关系副词的选择 定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 一、形式不同 非限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间用逗号隔开 He is the man whose car was stolen. I’ve invited Mary, who lives in the next flat. 二、功能不同 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰、限定，如果把从句去掉,主句的意思就会不完整、句意会发生变化，甚至不能成立； 非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用， 省略从句，主句的意思仍然完整，对句意没有太大影响。 The boy who you met just now is my brother. They went back to the school to see professor wang, whom they respect greatly. 三、翻译不同 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前； 而非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。 My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day. 我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 四、关系词用法不同 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略 而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略； 非限制性定语从句不能由that引导。 The book (that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. My house, which I bought last year, has got a beautiful garden. 五、先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词； 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. I have an elder brother who works in Beijing. as和which引导的非限制性定从从句的区别 as which 意义 常用来表示说话人对某事的态度、解释或评论等，表示“正如……” 一般表示某事的状况或结果 位置 句首、句中、句后 只能放在句中、句后 As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. = Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as is known to all. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中: （1） as is expected 不出所料 （2）as is reported 正如所报道的 （3）as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 （4）as is often the case 这是常有的事 （5）as we all know / as is known to all 众所周知 “介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句由“介词十关系代词”引导时， 其中的关系代词只能用which或whom。介词的选择原则主要有： 介词的选择原则主要有：．根据介词与动词的搭配关系 There are some details in the project, about which the manager cares much. (care about) 经理非常关心这项工程里的一些细节。 介词的选择原则主要有：根据介词与形容词的搭配关系 I introduced some subjects to her, in which she may be interested. (be interested in) 我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对它们感兴趣。 介词的选择原则主要有：根据介词与先行词的关系 Last night I took part in a party and lost my key, without which I can't open the door of my dormitory. 昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。 介词的选择原则主要有：根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系 There stands a building over there, the elevators of which often go out of order. 那里有一座楼，那座楼的电梯经常出故障。 针对训练 1.(2020 新高考Ⅱ,60) The Digital World is a set of volumes ______________aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 2.(2020 新高考I,39)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ______________opened in 1759. 3.(2020 课标全国Ⅲ,61)In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike. that/which that/which whose 4.(2019 北京,9) The students benefitting most from college are those_______are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resource. 5.(2019 课标全国Ⅲ,64)They were well trained by their masters____________had great experience with caring for these animals. 6.(2023 全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _____________ welcomes the fast-development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. who who/that which/that 7. (2021·浙江1月) BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 8. (2024·陕西省宝鸡市高三模考) Another nominee was Su Bingtian, the first Chinese athlete ____________ competed in the men’s 100-meter sprint final at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. who/that which/that 9.(北京卷)Luckily, we'd brought a road map ________ which we would have lost our way. 10.(天津卷)Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering. 11.(陕西卷) She was educated at Beijing University, ________ which she went on to have her advanced study abroad. without whose after 12.Seven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday, four of ______ were badly injured. 13.(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online，_______which students can choose for free. 14.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______which the sailing time was 226 days. whom from of $$