专题03 定语从句之关系代词的用法 -【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题03 定语从句之关系代词的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 关系代词的基本用法 考点二 关系代词的特定用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 关系代词的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/who/whose/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。 1.概念 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 （1）先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 （2）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 （3）关系词的作用： A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； B. 指代先行词； C. 必在从句中作某个句子成份。 2.分类 （1）限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is a teacher who works at our school. （2）非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 3.关系代词 关系词 指代人或物 充当的成分 是否可省略 关系 代词 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 作宾语可省 which 物或主句内容 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人或物 定语 不可省 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 不可省 1．The club ________ members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：这个俱乐部的成员是音乐迷，每个星期六都会在学校的花园里聚会。 考查定语从句。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为club，关系代词whose引导从句，在从句中修饰名词members，作定语，故填whose。 2．On social media sites, people tend to post only good updates ______ will make them appear happy and friendly. 【答案】which / that 【详解】句意：在社交媒体网站上，人们倾向于只发布让自己看起来快乐友好的积极消息。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是good updates，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用which或that引导。故填which/that。 3．The two pupils _________ you taught three years ago have become tractor drivers. 【答案】who / whom / that / 不填 【详解】句意：你三年前教过的两个学生都成了拖拉机司机。 考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是pupils，指人，关系词在句中作宾语，应用关系代词who、whom或that引导，也可以不填。故填who/whom/that/不填。 4．The dogs were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】who / that 【详解】句意：这些狗受到主人的良好训练，主人在照顾这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句。先行词masters在从句作主语，指人用关系代词that或who引导。故填who/that。 5．We were frightened and even shocked by the news ________he brought us. 【答案】that / which / 不填 【详解】句意：我们被他带给我们的消息吓坏了，甚至震惊了。 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词news，先行词在从句中充当宾语，指物，故用关系代词that或which，也可以不填。故填that/which/不填。 6．I am going to meet Tom ___________ they say is a good boy. 【答案】who / that 【详解】句意：我要去接他们说是一个好的男孩的Tom。 考查定语从句。先行词是Tom，定语从句中缺少主语，they say是从句中的插入语，故应使用who/that引导。故填who/that。 7．The city was attacked by such terrible weather         few citizens had ever experienced before. 【答案】as 【详解】句意：这座城市遭受了极少市民经历过的恶劣天气的袭击。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“few citizens had ever experienced before”是定语从句，修饰先行词terrible weather，又因先行词前有副词such修饰，只能用特殊关系代词as引导该定语从句。故填as。 8．There is a lake near our schoolyard ________ depth is beyond your expectation. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：我们学校附近有一个湖，它的深度超出你的预料。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空所在句 ________ depth is beyond your expectation用于修饰前面的名词lake，所以这是一个限定性定语从句，lake是先行词；根据句意可知，定语从句与先行词之间是从属关系，表示“谁的”，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 9．Quan Hongchan is an outstanding athlete________was awarded May Fourth Medal. 【答案】that / who 【详解】句意：全红婵是一位杰出的运动员，曾获五四奖章。 考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，athlete为先行词，作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that或who。 10．Running Man, is such funny reality show           has the gravity to pull you in front of your television. 【答案】as 【详解】本题考查定语从句关系词。句意：《奔跑吧兄弟》是如此有趣的真人秀节目，好像有引力把你拉到电视机前。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句是定语从句，修饰先行词reality show，且先行词前有such修饰，只能用特殊关系代词as引导该定语从句。故填as。 关系代词的特定用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.只用that做关系代词 （1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, none, all, the one等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时； Tell us everything that you know, please.请告诉我你知道的事。 I’ve read all the books that you gave me.我已经读了你给我的所有的书。 （2）当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时； This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.这是我看到过的最长的桥。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 （3）先行词既包括人又包括物。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈论他曾经拜访过的老师和学校。 （4）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用that。 Who is the man that came this morning?谁是今天早上来的人？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?最适合我的T恤是那件？ 2.只用which做关系代词 （1）引导非限定性定语从句时，先行词指物或整个句子，只用which而不用that。 The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. 我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。 （2）在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构，只用which而不用that。 I was put in a positionin which I had to accept I was less important.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。 （3）在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，为避免重复，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novelthat I borrowed from the library which was newly open.让我给你如果有看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。 3.只用who做关系代词 （1）当定语从句的先行词是one, ones, anyone, those等指人的不定代词，只能用who引导。 Anyone who does that must be mad. 那样做的人一定是疯了。 （1）在there be结构中，先行词是人时，且作主语，只用who。 There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人相见你。 （2）为了避免重复或引起歧义，有两个定语从句时，一个用that，另一个用who。 The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.  那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。 （3）当先行词是I, you, he, they时（常用于谚语之中），只用who。 He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火自焚。  1．Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with those ________ also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网都能将我们与那些同样喜欢做这些的人联系起来，即使他们生活在世界的另一端。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　　　 also enjoy doing them是定语从句，先行词是those，指人，在从句中作主语，通常用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2．She would do anything______ could help her mother recover from the disease. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：她愿意做任何能帮助她母亲从疾病中恢复的事。 考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，anything为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词只能为that。故填that。 3．I have found the very shop __________ has everything we need. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我已经找到了那家商店，那里有我们需要的一切东西。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，shop是先行词，the very修饰先行词时关系词只能用that。故填that。 4．He talked a lot about things and persons ________ he remembered in the school. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他讲了很多他记得在学校里的人和事。 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词things and persons ，在从句中作宾语。当先行词既有人又有物的时候，关系代词只能使用that。故填that。 5．This is the best factory ________ produces famous bikes. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：这是最好的一家生产名牌自行车的工厂。 考查定语从句。先行词factory被形容词的最高级the best修饰，且关系词在从句中做主语，故应用that引导定语从句。故填that。 6．Later, she studied Chinese medicine with experts in the field from          she gained a deep knowledge about traditonal practices. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习中医，并从他们那里获得了关于传统做法的深刻知识。 考查定语从句。此处为构成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词是experts，指人，关系代词应用whom。故填whom。 7.The teacher was satisfied with all the homework____had been finished by us. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：老师对我们完成的所有作业都很满意。 考查定语从句。这是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是homework，指物，前面有all修饰，在从句中作主语用that。故填that。 8．Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities ________ I have ever visited. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：桂林是我去过的最美丽的城市之一。 考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是one of the most beautiful cities指物，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词被the most修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 9．According to a study at the University of Iowa named In one ear and out the other, a group of students participated in two experiments in ________ they listened to sounds, looked at images and held objects. 【答案】which 【解析】 句意：根据爱荷华大学一项名为“一只耳朵进另一只耳朵出”的研究，一组学生参加了两个实验，他们分别听声音、看图像和拿着物体。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是experiments，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 10．An eagle flew over the snow-caped mountains, _________were reflected in the still lake below. 【答案】which 【解析】 句意：一只老鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山，群山倒映在下面平静的湖面上。 考查非限定性定语从句。分析句子可知，此处包含一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为mountains，指物，从句缺少主语，所以此处应用关系代词which，代替先行词，引导该从句，故填which。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When you are choosing a college, a lot of factors will probably play into your decision: the school’s reputation, the classes offered and the professor in your major, to name a few. However, given the ever-increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all their students. Here are some of the fun “extras” offered by the school. Michigan Technological University Taking advantage of the cold winter weather, Michigan Technological University sets itself apart with its on-campus ski resort, Mont Ripley, which is accessible and free for all students. Instead of hitting the campus gym, you'll be able to get your exercise outside on the slopes. When the pressure of school become too much, just head out for a day of free skiing and you'll be left feeling fully refreshed. University of Missouri At the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus recreational centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach" complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as an inexpensive full-service spa. Even if you don't enjoy working out, Missouri's recreational center will give you a reason to go to the gym. New York University If you're a fan of museum, NYU is the perfect university for you. Not only will you be located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will provide you with access to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting museums anytime you want — which means you'll never be bored on the weekends.High Point University If you see yourself quickly tired of dining-hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University has a great option: a private steakhouse for students. Besides the cheap steaks, the campus also offers ice cream from a campus ice-cream truck, a movie theater and a shopping center. 1. Who is the text intended for? A. The general public. B. College freshmen. C. Educational experts. D. High school students. 2. Which university can offer students free service? A. Michigan Technological University. B. University of Missouri. C. New York University. D. High Point University. 3. Why do these universities offer such fun “extras” ? A. To make the campus life more colorful. B. To draw more students’ interest in schools. C. To improve students’ academic performance. D. To promote the cooperation among universities. 【答案】1．D    2．A    3．B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述几所大学的优势。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When you are choosing a college, a lot of factors will probably play into your decision”（当你选择大学时，很多因素会影响你的决定。）可知，这里的“你”是指要选择上那所大学的高中生。故选D。                     【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Michigan Technological University部分“Taking advantage of the cold winter weather, Michigan Technological University sets itself apart with its on-campus ski resort, Mont Ripley, which is accessible and free for all students.”（利用冬天寒冷天气的优势，密歇根理工大学用它的校园滑雪胜地瑞普利山让自己和其他学校区分开，这座山对所有学生免费开放。）可知，密歇根理工大学提供免费的服务。故选A。     【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, given the ever-increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all their students.”（然而，考虑到各个大学为了吸引越来越多的学生而不断上升的竞争力，许多学校现在提供额外的好处给所有学生享受。）可知，各个学校提供额外的服务是为了吸引到更多的学生去那里上学。故选B。 B From the day a person opens his or her eye in this world to the point when success surrounds them, curiosity is something that never leaves their sides. It stays with them and instills (灌输) in them a sense of exploration; it pushes them to take risks, and uncover the hidden mystery. It is a powerful quality as it helps people develop an understanding of different aspects of the world. Many parents get annoyed when their children ask too many questions. They do not realize that by not responding (回应) to the questions and curiosity of these little ones, it might take away their chances to learn new things. Learning is every individual’s right, and no one can take away one’s eagerness to explore, discover, and learn new things. The former president of the United States, Roosevelt, once said, “I think, at a child’s birth if a mother could ask a fairy godmother to give it the most useful gift, that gift would be curiosity.” If a child asks too many questions out of curiosity, parents must answer the questions with patience. The way they respond will determine(决定) whether a child grows up to be a smart learner and an explorer or not. While some parents take these matters lightly, there are some who attend to the needs of their young ones’ hunger to learn smartly. Regina, a life coach and public speaker, instead of losing her calm on her daughter’s nature to frequently question everything, she tried to respond to her daughter with love and affection (关爱). Not only did she answer all her daughter’s questions, but she started thinking of other curious kids out there who were eager to discover the hidden secrets of this world. 4. What will happen if children get no response to their questions? A. They’ll be less patient. B. They’ll learn more smartly. C. They’ll likely take adventures. D. They’ll lose opportunities to learn new things. 5. Why does the author mention President Roosevelt’s words? A. To show children are gifted. B. To state patience is necessary. C. To stress curiosity is important. D. To suggest parents be understanding. 6. What does the underlined phrase “attend to” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Take care of B. Give way to C. Get tired of D. Make use of 7.What will be most probably talked about in the following part of the passage? A. Regina became a life coach B. Regina explored new things. C. Regina helped other curious kids. D. Regina answered her daughter’s questions. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了孩子的好奇心是孩子学习的机会，家长一定要满足孩子的好奇心。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They do not realize that by not responding (回应) to the questions and curiosity of these little ones, it might take away their chances to learn new things. (他们没有意识到，如果不回应这些孩子的问题和好奇心，可能会剥夺他们学习新事物的机会。)”可知，如果孩子们的问题得不到回答，他们将失去学习新事物的机会，故选D项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The former president of the United States, Roosevelt, once said, “I think, at a child’s birth if a mother could ask a fairy godmother to give it the most useful gift, that gift would be curiosity.” If a child asks too many questions out of curiosity, parents must answer the questions with patience. The way they respond will determine whether a child grows up to be a smart learner and an explorer or not. (美国前总统罗斯福曾经说过：‘我认为，在孩子出生时，如果一位母亲能要求仙女教母给他最有用的礼物，那礼物就是好奇心。’如果孩子出于好奇问了太多的问题，父母必须耐心地回答。他们的反应方式将决定一个孩子长大后是否能成为一个聪明的学习者和探索者。)”可知，作者提到罗斯福总统的话是为了强调好奇心对于孩子未来的重要性，故选C项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“While some parents take these matters lightly, there are some who attend to the needs of their young ones’ hunger to learn smartly. (虽然有些父母对这些事情不以为然，但也有一些父母attend to他们孩子渴望聪明学习的需求。)”，根据句子结构可知，前后两句形成对比，划线词与take these matters lightly相反，在此句中，attend to意为“关注并处理、照顾某人的需求”，与Take care of意思相近。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Not only did she answer all her daughter's questions, but she started thinking of other curious kids out there who were eager to discover the hidden secrets of this world. (她不仅回答了女儿的所有问题，而且开始想到其他好奇的孩子，他们渴望发现这个世界的隐藏秘密。)”可知，文章的下一部分最有可能讨论雷吉娜帮助了其他好奇的孩子，故选C项。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 The coronavirus pandemic(冠状病毒流行) influencing our world has shown us that kindness is more important than before. It’s also taught us some____1____lessons about responsibility and generosity. David is only 13 years old, but he’s already spent the past seven years of his life____2____his community. Since the deadly coronavirus____3____ in his city, he’s been getting over 5,000 masks, food, clothing and____4____for others. The teen’s determination to do good for others comes from being supported in some____5____of his own: David was born with arms that are different from most others.____6____his disability, his family has been encouraging him all the way in his____7____efforts, and he has been collecting ____8____for people in need since the age of six. When____9____how long he planned to keep helping others, he said, “Probably the_____10_____of my life.” Once David helped find a hotel for a_____11_____old man to stay in, the old man only had one sentence to_____12_____his new friend. “He’s an angel, ”he said_____13_____. Kindness is like spreading hugs around the world to those who need it. The_____14_____could be something small, but eventually, make a_____15_____difference to the person receiving it. 1. A. previous B. personal C. worthwhile D. virtual 2. A. establishing B. serving C. observing D. advertising 3. A. slowdown B. fall down C. go out D. broke out 4. A. albums B. details C. awards D. shelters 5. A. challenges B. defences C. mistakes D. crashes 6. A. Rather than B. Despite C. According to D. Besides 7. A. selfless B. special C. legal D. extra 8. A. stamps B. evidence C. data D. supplies 9. A. greeted B. told C. asked D. reminded 10. A. beginning B. rest C. end D. middle 11. A. kind B. powerful C. homeless D. calm 12. A. impress B. describe C. attract D. admire 13. A. professionally B. eagerly C. thankfully D. gracefully 14. A. chances B. plans C. losses D. acts 15. A. great B. little C. creative D. limited 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公David尽管身体残疾，但他一直努力帮助需要帮助的人。新冠病毒爆发以来，他一直都在收集物资，为所在的社区服务，尽自己的一份责任。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它还教会了我们一些关于责任和慷慨的有价值的课程。A. previous以前的；B personal私人的，个人的；C. worthwhile有价值的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据后文“about responsibility and generosity”可知新冠也教会了我们关于责任和宽容有价值的课程。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：David只有13岁，但他已经在过去的七年里为他的社区服务。A. establishing建立；B. serving服务；C. observing观察；D. advertising广告。根据后文“Since the deadly coronavirus ____3____ in his city, he’s been getting over 5,000 masks, food, clothing and ____4____ for others.”可知小男孩为社区服务。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从他所在的城市爆发致命的冠状病毒以来，他已经为其他人募集了5000多个口罩、食物、衣服和避难所。A. slow down慢下来；B. fall down跌倒，倒塌下来；C. go out出去；D. broke out爆发。根据前文“The coronavirus pandemic(冠状病毒流行) influencing our world has shown us that kindness is more important than before.”可知新冠的爆发应使用固定短语break out。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. albums专辑；B. details细节；C. awards奖品；D. shelters避难处。根据上文中的coronavirus和masks，food，clothing可知，此空应填与救济、抗疫物资相关的选项，应该是shelters。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个青少年为他人做好事的决心来自于在灾难崩溃之际受到帮助。A. challenges挑战；B. defences防御；C. mistakes错误；D. crashes崩溃。根据后文的“David was born with arms that are different from most others. ____6____ his disability, his family has been encouraging him all the way in his ____7____ efforts”可知David身体有残疾，他帮助别人的决心源于自己在灾难崩溃之际也受到帮助。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查介词以及介词短语辨析。句意：尽管David生来残疾，但是他的家人在他格外努力时一直不断地鼓励他。A. Rather than而不是；B. Despite尽管；C. According to根据；D. Besides除了。根据句意，可知此处意为“尽管”表示让步关系。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. selfless无私的；B. special特别的；C. legal法定的，合法的；D. extra额外的，分外的，格外的。根据后文“and he has been collecting ____8____ for people in need since the age of six.”可知虽然身有残疾 还是会帮助有需要的人，此处强调David格外努力克服困难。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从六岁起就一直在为有需要的人收集物资。A. stamps邮票；B. evidence证据；C. data数据；D. supplies日用物资。根据后文“for people in need”可知人们需要的东西是日常供给。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他计划帮助别人多久时，他说：“可能是我的余生。”A. greeted问候；B. told告诉；C. asked问；D. reminded提醒。根据后文“how long he planned to keep helping others”可知此处意为“被问及”。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. beginning开始；B. rest剩余部分；C. end最后部分；D. middle中间。David愿以余生为他人奉献，the rest of my life意为“余生”。故选B项。 【11题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次David帮一位无家可归的老人找了一家酒店住。A. kind善良的；B. powerful有权力的；C. homeless无家可归的；D. calm平静的。根据前文“David helped find a hotel”可知这位老人是没有家的。故选C项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位老人对他的新朋友只有一句话。A. impress使印象深刻；B. describe描述；C. attract吸引；D. admire崇拜。根据后文“He’s an angel”可知这是老人对David的描述。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：老人心怀感激感地说。A. professionally职业性地；B. eagerly热切地，渴望地；C. thankfully感激地；D. gracefully优雅地。David为一位无家可归的老人安排了旅馆居住，所以老人心怀感激感地评价David为天使。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些行为可能是小事，但最终会对接受的人产生巨大的影响。A. chances机会；B. plans计划；C. losses损失；D. acts行为。根据句意，善行虽小，影响却很大，这里指David的善行。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. great伟大的；B. little小的；C. creative有创造力的；D. limited受限制的。根据前面small和but可知，此处填small的反义词great，意为“善行虽小，但对受助者影响很大”。故选A项。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Age has never been a problem for Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree. The North Chicago-area girl started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon after. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational (鼓舞人心的) speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, a shelter for people who were forced to leave their homes due to the situations such as earthquakes, flood and other natural disasters. At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for leadership meetings. She doesn’t stop there, though. The girl plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took flights all the time. Her goal is to use it to determine whether pilots are dealing with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off — a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it’s a mix of two of her interests. In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group. She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and In the Future aims to help business owners deal with trends. Her third book The Genius Race has a wider appeal. It is designed to help people to be geniuses in various areas of life. 1. What can we know about Thessalonika from the passage? A. She majored in science and technology. B. She gained her master’s degree at the age of 11. C. She started homeschooling when she was 6 years old. D. She got her bachelor’s degree through online courses. 2. What is Thessalonika’s next plan according to the passage? A. Majoring in aviation psychology. B. Being active in her youth group. C. Making inspiring speeches for leadership meetings. D. Writing another book to help people to be geniuses. 3. Why does Thessalonika write the book Jump the Education Barrier? A. To help people to be successful. B. To raise concern about psychology. C. To share her own experience with others. D. To give students a hand to complete college. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Homeschooling B. To Be a Genius C. Three Published Books D. The Story of Thessalonika 【答案】1．D    2．A    3．D    4．D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了北芝加哥一位名叫Thessalonika Arzu-Embry的女孩的学习生涯以及她的学习成就。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for leadership meetings. (11岁时，她从高中毕业，并于2013年获得心理学学士学位。她在参加领导会议的途中在网上完成了这些课程。)”可知，她通过在线课程获得学士学位。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“She doesn’t stop there, though. The girl plans to focus on aviation psychology(航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. (不过，她并没有就此止步。女孩计划继续学习航空心理学，这个决定是受身为飞行员的父亲的启发。)”可知，她的下一个计划是主修航空心理学专业。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and In the Future aims to help business owners deal with trends.  (《跨越教育障碍》一书旨在帮助学生完成大学学业，而《在未来》一书旨在帮助企业主应对趋势。)”可知，她写这本书是为了帮助学生完成大学学业。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Age has never been a problem for Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree. (对塞萨洛尼卡·阿祖-恩布里来说，年龄从来都不是问题。毕竟，她已经拿到硕士学位了。)”可知，本文主要介绍了Thessalonika的不平凡的学习经历以及她的成就。D项“The Story of Thessalonika”符合文章主题，适合做标题。故选D项。 B Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers mental health has been under heated discussion. On Sept 30 a British court decided that content on social media platforms contributed to the depression of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health. So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform. But she said that the users’ power to regulate videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said. Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that lures teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media. In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social media.” he said, “We should all strengthen our awareness of ethics”. 5. What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court? A. Her interaction with others online. B. Negative information on social media platforms. C. Short videos she watched on the Internet. D. Her addiction to online posts. 6. Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with? A. The number of younger Social media users should be limited. B. Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance. C. A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents. D. It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses. 7. Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan? A. Parents. B. Internet users C. Content creators. D. Social media platforms. 8. What does Wu suggest teenagers should do? A. Use social media wisely. B. Reduce social media usage. C. Stay away from online games. D. Learn more about social media. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了社交媒体与青少年心理健康之间的关系并提出一些建议防止社交媒体危害青少年心理健康。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. (据《观察家报》网站报道，在Russell患上抑郁症的6个月里，她浏览了2100条有关悲观、自残的帖子。)”可知，是因为社交媒体平台上的负面信息导致了她的抑郁症。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand? (既然不可能切断年轻用户对社交媒体的访问，为什么不引入一种“监督模式”，父母可以事先监管青少年观看的内容？)”可知，她认为家长应该提前监控青少年观看的内容。故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful. (过滤掉可能有害的内容，最终是社交媒体平台的责任。)”可知，她认为社交媒体平台应该最终负责删除负面内容。故选D。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy(素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. (在Wu看来，今天的青少年应该提高他们的社交媒体素养，辨别真假和好坏。)”可知，Wu建议青少年应该理智使用社交媒体。故选A。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Beijing Central Axis (北京中轴线) was written on the UNESCO World Heritage (世界文化遗产) List on July 27, ____1____  marks China’s 59th World Heritage Site.  It is the amazing place of interest, made ____2____ of 15 landmarks, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end, ___3___ runs through the heart of the old city of Beijing. World-famous _____4_____ (site) like the Forbidden City (紫禁城) and the Tian’an men Square are along the Axis, and the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of Agriculture (先农坛) ____5____ (locate) on the east and west sides of the Axis. Beijing Central Axis is ____6____ (true) an magnetic attraction showing the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese designers. Years of efforts make it ____7____ unique mixture of history, culture and architecture. It witnesses the perfect order of capital cities that ____8____ (influence) the buildings of traditional Chinese cities for more than two thousands years. “China will continue making efforts ___9___ (protect) heritage buildings, encourage public participation, and strategically make ____10____ (arrange).” Li from the National Cultural Heritage Administration said on Saturday. 【答案】1.which 2.up 3.that 4.sites 5.are located 6.truly 7.a 8. has influenced 9.to protect 10.arrangements 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京中轴线被列入世界遗产名录的意义，描述了其地理布局和历史价值，以及中国政府对其保护的决心和措施。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：北京中轴线于7月27日被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，成为中国第59个世界遗产地。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：它是由15个地标组成的令人惊叹的景点，北端是钟鼓楼，南端是永定门，贯穿北京古城的心脏地带。本空用介词up，be made up of表示“由……组成”，故填up。 【3题详解】 考查强调句。句意同上。本句用强调句型it is...that...，强调the amazing place of interest, made 2 of 15 landmarks, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end。故填that。 【4题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：故宫和天安门广场等世界著名景点沿中轴线分布，天坛和先农坛分别位于中轴线的东西两侧。根据空后的are可知，本空用名词site“地点”的复数形式，表示多个景点，作主语。故填sites。 【5题详解】 考查动词语态。句意同上。根据空前的are可知，本句描述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of Agriculture与locate“把……安置在（或建造于）”之间为被动关系，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are located。 【6题详解】 考查副词。句意：北京中轴线确实是一块展示中国古代设计师智慧和创造力的磁石。本空用副词truly“真正地”，修饰形容词magnetic，作状语。故填truly。 【7题详解】 考查冠词。句意：多年的努力使它成为一个历史、文化和建筑的独特融合体。此处表示泛指“一个历史、文化和建筑的独特融合体”，且unique为辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【8题详解】 考查时态。句意：它见证了首都的完美秩序，这种秩序两千多年来一直影响着中国传统城市的建筑。influence“影响”。根据for more than two thousands years可知，时态应用现在完成时，主语that指代the perfect order of capital cities，为单数名词，助动词应用has。故填has influenced。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国国家文物局李周六表示，中国将继续努力保护文物建筑，鼓励公众参与，并作出战略安排。本句谓语为will continue，此处为非谓语动词，make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，protect“努力”用不定式。故填to protect。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国国家文物局李周六表示，中国将继续努力保护文物建筑，鼓励公众参与，并作出战略安排。本空用名词arrangement“安排”，安排不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作make的宾语。故填arrangements。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers （2024新课标II卷）The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 1. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 3. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D项。 B （2024新课标II卷）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 4. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A.To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C.To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 6. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的书报亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入书报亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2024新课标II卷）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___1___, Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I ___2___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___3___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___4___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___5___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___6___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___7___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small ___8___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___9___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____10____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____11____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____12____. These meals are always ____13____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____14____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____15____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle 2. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened 3. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match 4. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised 5. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test 6. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed 7. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order 8.A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties 9. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth 10. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale 11. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait 12. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for 13. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied 14. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities 15. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent出租；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with忍受；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认；C. represented代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 定语从句之关系代词的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 关系代词的基本用法 考点二 关系代词的特定用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 关系代词的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/who/whose/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。 1.概念 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 （1）先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 （2）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 （3）关系词的作用： A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； B. 指代先行词； C. 必在从句中作某个句子成份。 2.分类 （1）限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is a teacher who works at our school. （2）非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 3.关系代词 关系词 指代人或物 充当的成分 是否可省略 关系 代词 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 作宾语可省 which 物或主句内容 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人或物 定语 不可省 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 不可省 1．The club ________ members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday. 2．On social media sites, people tend to post only good updates ______ will make them appear happy and friendly. 3．The two pupils _________ you taught three years ago have become tractor drivers. 4．The dogs were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 5．We were frightened and even shocked by the news ________he brought us. 6．I am going to meet Tom ___________ they say is a good boy. 7．The city was attacked by such terrible weather         few citizens had ever experienced before. 8．There is a lake near our schoolyard ________ depth is beyond your expectation. 9．Quan Hongchan is an outstanding athlete________was awarded May Fourth Medal. 10．Running Man, is such funny reality show           has the gravity to pull you in front of your television. 关系代词的特定用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.只用that做关系代词 （1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, none, all, the one等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时； Tell us everything that you know, please.请告诉我你知道的事。 I’ve read all the books that you gave me.我已经读了你给我的所有的书。 （2）当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时； This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.这是我看到过的最长的桥。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 （3）先行词既包括人又包括物。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈论他曾经拜访过的老师和学校。 （4）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用that。 Who is the man that came this morning?谁是今天早上来的人？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?最适合我的T恤是那件？ 2.只用which做关系代词 （1）引导非限定性定语从句时，先行词指物或整个句子，只用which而不用that。 The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. 我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。 （2）在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构，只用which而不用that。 I was put in a positionin which I had to accept I was less important.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。 （3）在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，为避免重复，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novelthat I borrowed from the library which was newly open.让我给你如果有看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。 3.只用who做关系代词 （1）当定语从句的先行词是one, ones, anyone, those等指人的不定代词，只能用who引导。 Anyone who does that must be mad. 那样做的人一定是疯了。 （1）在there be结构中，先行词是人时，且作主语，只用who。 There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人相见你。 （2）为了避免重复或引起歧义，有两个定语从句时，一个用that，另一个用who。 The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.  那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。 （3）当先行词是I, you, he, they时（常用于谚语之中），只用who。 He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火自焚。  1．Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with those ________ also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 2．She would do anything______ could help her mother recover from the disease. 3．I have found the very shop __________ has everything we need. 4．He talked a lot about things and persons ________ he remembered in the school. 5．This is the best factory ________ produces famous bikes. 6．Later, she studied Chinese medicine with experts in the field from          she gained a deep knowledge about traditonal practices. 7.The teacher was satisfied with all the homework____had been finished by us. 8．Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities ________ I have ever visited. 9．According to a study at the University of Iowa named In one ear and out the other, a group of students participated in two experiments in ________ they listened to sounds, looked at images and held objects. 10．An eagle flew over the snow-caped mountains, _________were reflected in the still lake below. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When you are choosing a college, a lot of factors will probably play into your decision: the school’s reputation, the classes offered and the professor in your major, to name a few. However, given the ever-increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all their students. Here are some of the fun “extras” offered by the school. Michigan Technological University Taking advantage of the cold winter weather, Michigan Technological University sets itself apart with its on-campus ski resort, Mont Ripley, which is accessible and free for all students. Instead of hitting the campus gym, you'll be able to get your exercise outside on the slopes. When the pressure of school become too much, just head out for a day of free skiing and you'll be left feeling fully refreshed. University of Missouri At the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus recreational centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach" complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as an inexpensive full-service spa. Even if you don't enjoy working out, Missouri's recreational center will give you a reason to go to the gym. New York University If you're a fan of museum, NYU is the perfect university for you. Not only will you be located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will provide you with access to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting museums anytime you want — which means you'll never be bored on the weekends.High Point University If you see yourself quickly tired of dining-hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University has a great option: a private steakhouse for students. Besides the cheap steaks, the campus also offers ice cream from a campus ice-cream truck, a movie theater and a shopping center. 1. Who is the text intended for? A. The general public. B. College freshmen. C. Educational experts. D. High school students. 2. Which university can offer students free service? A. Michigan Technological University. B. University of Missouri. C. New York University. D. High Point University. 3. Why do these universities offer such fun “extras” ? A. To make the campus life more colorful. B. To draw more students’ interest in schools. C. To improve students’ academic performance. D. To promote the cooperation among universities. B From the day a person opens his or her eye in this world to the point when success surrounds them, curiosity is something that never leaves their sides. It stays with them and instills (灌输) in them a sense of exploration; it pushes them to take risks, and uncover the hidden mystery. It is a powerful quality as it helps people develop an understanding of different aspects of the world. Many parents get annoyed when their children ask too many questions. They do not realize that by not responding (回应) to the questions and curiosity of these little ones, it might take away their chances to learn new things. Learning is every individual’s right, and no one can take away one’s eagerness to explore, discover, and learn new things. The former president of the United States, Roosevelt, once said, “I think, at a child’s birth if a mother could ask a fairy godmother to give it the most useful gift, that gift would be curiosity.” If a child asks too many questions out of curiosity, parents must answer the questions with patience. The way they respond will determine(决定) whether a child grows up to be a smart learner and an explorer or not. While some parents take these matters lightly, there are some who attend to the needs of their young ones’ hunger to learn smartly. Regina, a life coach and public speaker, instead of losing her calm on her daughter’s nature to frequently question everything, she tried to respond to her daughter with love and affection (关爱). Not only did she answer all her daughter’s questions, but she started thinking of other curious kids out there who were eager to discover the hidden secrets of this world. 4. What will happen if children get no response to their questions? A. They’ll be less patient. B. They’ll learn more smartly. C. They’ll likely take adventures. D. They’ll lose opportunities to learn new things. 5. Why does the author mention President Roosevelt’s words? A. To show children are gifted. B. To state patience is necessary. C. To stress curiosity is important. D. To suggest parents be understanding. 6. What does the underlined phrase “attend to” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Take care of B. Give way to C. Get tired of D. Make use of 7.What will be most probably talked about in the following part of the passage? A. Regina became a life coach B. Regina explored new things. C. Regina helped other curious kids. D. Regina answered her daughter’s questions. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 The coronavirus pandemic(冠状病毒流行) influencing our world has shown us that kindness is more important than before. It’s also taught us some____1____lessons about responsibility and generosity. David is only 13 years old, but he’s already spent the past seven years of his life____2____his community. Since the deadly coronavirus____3____ in his city, he’s been getting over 5,000 masks, food, clothing and____4____for others. The teen’s determination to do good for others comes from being supported in some____5____of his own: David was born with arms that are different from most others.____6____his disability, his family has been encouraging him all the way in his____7____efforts, and he has been collecting ____8____for people in need since the age of six. When____9____how long he planned to keep helping others, he said, “Probably the_____10_____of my life.” Once David helped find a hotel for a_____11_____old man to stay in, the old man only had one sentence to_____12_____his new friend. “He’s an angel, ”he said_____13_____. Kindness is like spreading hugs around the world to those who need it. The_____14_____could be something small, but eventually, make a_____15_____difference to the person receiving it. 1. A. previous B. personal C. worthwhile D. virtual 2. A. establishing B. serving C. observing D. advertising 3. A. slowdown B. fall down C. go out D. broke out 4. A. albums B. details C. awards D. shelters 5. A. challenges B. defences C. mistakes D. crashes 6. A. Rather than B. Despite C. According to D. Besides 7. A. selfless B. special C. legal D. extra 8. A. stamps B. evidence C. data D. supplies 9. A. greeted B. told C. asked D. reminded 10. A. beginning B. rest C. end D. middle 11. A. kind B. powerful C. homeless D. calm 12. A. impress B. describe C. attract D. admire 13. A. professionally B. eagerly C. thankfully D. gracefully 14. A. chances B. plans C. losses D. acts 15. A. great B. little C. creative D. limited 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Age has never been a problem for Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree. The North Chicago-area girl started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon after. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational (鼓舞人心的) speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, a shelter for people who were forced to leave their homes due to the situations such as earthquakes, flood and other natural disasters. At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for leadership meetings. She doesn’t stop there, though. The girl plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took flights all the time. Her goal is to use it to determine whether pilots are dealing with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off — a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it’s a mix of two of her interests. In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group. She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and In the Future aims to help business owners deal with trends. Her third book The Genius Race has a wider appeal. It is designed to help people to be geniuses in various areas of life. 1. What can we know about Thessalonika from the passage? A. She majored in science and technology. B. She gained her master’s degree at the age of 11. C. She started homeschooling when she was 6 years old. D. She got her bachelor’s degree through online courses. 2. What is Thessalonika’s next plan according to the passage? A. Majoring in aviation psychology. B. Being active in her youth group. C. Making inspiring speeches for leadership meetings. D. Writing another book to help people to be geniuses. 3. Why does Thessalonika write the book Jump the Education Barrier? A. To help people to be successful. B. To raise concern about psychology. C. To share her own experience with others. D. To give students a hand to complete college. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Homeschooling B. To Be a Genius C. Three Published Books D. The Story of Thessalonika B Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers mental health has been under heated discussion. On Sept 30 a British court decided that content on social media platforms contributed to the depression of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health. So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform. But she said that the users’ power to regulate videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said. Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that lures teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media. In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social media.” he said, “We should all strengthen our awareness of ethics”. 5. What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court? A. Her interaction with others online. B. Negative information on social media platforms. C. Short videos she watched on the Internet. D. Her addiction to online posts. 6. Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with? A. The number of younger Social media users should be limited. B. Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance. C. A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents. D. It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses. 7. Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan? A. Parents. B. Internet users C. Content creators. D. Social media platforms. 8. What does Wu suggest teenagers should do? A. Use social media wisely. B. Reduce social media usage. C. Stay away from online games. D. Learn more about social media. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Beijing Central Axis (北京中轴线) was written on the UNESCO World Heritage (世界文化遗产) List on July 27, ____1____  marks China’s 59th World Heritage Site.  It is the amazing place of interest, made ____2____ of 15 landmarks, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end, ___3___ runs through the heart of the old city of Beijing. World-famous _____4_____ (site) like the Forbidden City (紫禁城) and the Tian’an men Square are along the Axis, and the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of Agriculture (先农坛) ____5____ (locate) on the east and west sides of the Axis. Beijing Central Axis is ____6____ (true) an magnetic attraction showing the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese designers. Years of efforts make it ____7____ unique mixture of history, culture and architecture. It witnesses the perfect order of capital cities that ____8____ (influence) the buildings of traditional Chinese cities for more than two thousands years. “China will continue making efforts ___9___ (protect) heritage buildings, encourage public participation, and strategically make ____10____ (arrange).” Li from the National Cultural Heritage Administration said on Saturday. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers （2024新课标II卷）The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 1. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 3. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. B （2024新课标II卷）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 4. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A.To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C.To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 6. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2024新课标II卷）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___1___, Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I ___2___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___3___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___4___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___5___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___6___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___7___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small ___8___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___9___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____10____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____11____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____12____. These meals are always ____13____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____14____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____15____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle 2. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened 3. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match 4. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised 5. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test 6. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed 7. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order 8.A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties 9. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth 10. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale 11. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait 12. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for 13. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied 14. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities 15. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$