新概念英语第三册 Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble学习要点讲义

新概念英语第三册 Lesson 15 一、词汇精讲 appreciate 释义：v. 欣赏，感激；理解，意识到。作 “欣赏” 讲时，强调对事物的价值、美好等有深刻的感受和认识；作 “感激” 讲时，常用于 appreciate sth. /sb. 或 appreciate doing sth. 的结构。 例句：I really appreciate your help.（我非常感激你的帮助。）We should learn to appreciate the beauty of nature.（我们应该学会欣赏自然之美。） 拓展：appreciation 为名词形式，如 show one's appreciation（表达感激之情）；appreciative 为形容词形式，如 an appreciative audience（有欣赏力的观众）。 pocket-money 释义：n. 零用钱。指父母或长辈定期给孩子用于小额消费的钱。 例句：The child saved his pocket-money to buy a new toy.（孩子把零用钱存起来买新玩具。） 拓展：类似表达还有 allowance（津贴，零用钱），但 allowance 可用于更广泛的语境，不一定仅指给孩子的钱。 rattle 释义：v. 发出格格声；使紧张，使不安。作 “发出格格声” 时，常描述物体碰撞或震动产生的连续声响；作 “使紧张” 讲时，常用被动语态 rattle sb. 。 例句：The windows rattled in the wind.（窗户在风中格格作响。）The sudden noise rattled her.（突然的噪音使她紧张不安。） 拓展：rattling 为形容词形式，如 a rattling good story（非常精彩的故事）。 thrifty 释义：adj. 节俭的，节约的。形容人在生活中善于节省钱财、资源等，不浪费。 例句：My grandmother is a very thrifty woman. She always saves every penny.（我的祖母是个非常节俭的女人。她总是节省每一分钱。） 拓展：thrift 为名词形式，如 practice thrift（厉行节约）；thriftily 为副词形式，如 live thriftily（节俭地生活）。 nephew 释义：n. 侄子，外甥。指兄弟姐妹或配偶的兄弟姐妹的儿子。 例句：My nephew is a very cute boy.（我的侄子是个非常可爱的男孩。） 拓展：niece 为 “侄女，外甥女” 的意思，与 nephew 相对应。 二、课文精讲 “If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes.” 讲解：此句是一个条件状语从句，说明如果五十便士的硬币不拿去换糖果，就会在存钱罐里响好几个月。形象地描绘出孩子存钱时的情景，以及存钱罐里硬币的状态，暗示孩子攒钱的过程。 例句：If the books are not read regularly, they will collect dust on the shelf.（如果这些书不经常阅读，它们就会在书架上积灰。） “Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box.” 讲解：这句话强调只有非常节俭的孩子才能把存钱罐装满。突出了节俭对于存钱的重要性，也反映出孩子攒钱并非易事，从侧面体现了孩子们对购买心仪物品的渴望和努力。 例句：Only hardworking students manage to get high grades.（只有努力学习的学生才能取得好成绩。） “For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.” 讲解：“a small price to pay for...” 表示 “为…… 付出的小代价”，这里说明对于大多数孩子来说，五十便士与一大块巧克力相比是微不足道的，体现了孩子在消费选择时的心理，更倾向于即时的满足。 例句：A little bit of exercise is a small price to pay for good health.（少量的锻炼是为了健康付出的小代价。） “My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there.” 讲解：这部分内容先介绍了侄子乔治有存钱罐但总是空的这一现象，然后用 “Very few of...” 结构表示 “我给他的硬币中很少有进入存钱罐的”，生动地表现出乔治不善于存钱，钱都被花掉了的情况。 例句：Very few of the people I invited have come to the party.（我邀请的人很少有来参加派对的。） “I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble.” 讲解：“fifty pence worth of trouble” 表示 “价值五十便士的麻烦”，这种表达方式很形象，说明乔治用五十便士没有换来有价值的东西，反而带来了麻烦，与前面建议他存钱形成对比，增强了故事的趣味性和戏剧性。 例句：He got a hundred dollars worth of damage to his car.（他的车遭受了价值一百美元的损坏。） 三、语法解析 条件状语从句 复习要点：条件状语从句由 if, unless 等引导词引导，表示在某种条件下会发生的事情。从句通常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时或含有情态动词的句子。在课文 “If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes.” 中，if 引导的从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时描述一种客观情况。 例句分析：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。）此句中从句 “it rains tomorrow” 用一般现在时表示将来的条件，主句 “we will stay at home” 用一般将来时表示在下雨条件下的结果。 不定代词的用法 复习要点：像 few（很少，几乎没有），a few（一些，几个），little（很少，几乎没有，修饰不可数名词），a little（一点，修饰不可数名词）等不定代词在句中的用法和意义有别。在课文 “Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there.” 中，very few 表示 “极少数”，强调数量少，修饰可数名词复数 “the fifty pence pieces and pound coins”。 例句分析：There are a few apples on the table.（桌子上有几个苹果。）这里 a few 表示 “有一些”，肯定意义，与 few 不同。 四、词汇和阅读习题 （一）词汇习题 填空题 We should ______ (appreciate) the efforts of our parents. The child's ______ (pocket-money) is enough for him to buy some small toys. The old door ______ (rattle) when the wind blows. She is a very ______ (thrifty) person and always buys things on sale. My ______ (nephew) is coming to visit me this weekend. 选择题 I really ______ your kind words. A. enjoy B. appreciate C. like D. love The boy spent all his ______ on video games. A. allowance B. salary C. wage D. income The windows ______ in the storm, which made me scared. A. shouted B. cried C. rattled D. whispered My mother is a ______ housewife. She can manage the family budget well. A. wasteful B. thrifty C. generous D. luxurious My ______ is a smart boy and he studies very hard. A. niece B. cousin C. nephew D. sister （二）阅读习题 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Tom is a ten-year-old boy. He gets a certain amount of pocket-money every week. Tom is not very thrifty. He usually spends his money on candies and toys. One day, his father gave him a special money box and told him to save money for a new bicycle. Tom was excited about the idea of having a new bike. But it was hard for him to resist the temptation of buying sweets. After a few weeks, he found that he had only saved a little money. However, he didn't give up. He started to control his spending and tried to save more. How old is Tom? Is Tom thrifty? What did Tom's father give him? What did Tom want to buy with the saved money? Did Tom save a lot of money in the first few weeks? 答案： He is ten years old. No, he isn't. A special money box. A new bicycle. No, he only saved a little money. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$