新概念英语第三册 lesson10学习要点讲义

新概念英语第三册 Lesson10 一、词汇讲解 puma： [ˈpjuːmə]，美洲狮。例句：The puma is a large wild cat.（美洲狮是一种大型野猫。） spot： 作动词，意为 “发现；认出；弄脏”。例如：I spotted my friend in the crowd.（我在人群中认出了我的朋友。） 作名词，“地点；斑点；污点”。如：This is a nice spot for a picnic.（这是一个野餐的好地方。） evidence： [ˈevɪdəns]，证据；证明。常用搭配有 “in evidence”（明显的；显眼的），例如：His guilt was clearly in evidence.（他的罪行明显可见。） accumulate： [əˈkjuːmjəleɪt]，积累；积聚。例如：He accumulated a large fortune over the years.（多年来他积累了一大笔财富。） oblige： 作动词，有 “迫使；责成；使感激” 等意思。如：The law obliges parents to send their children to school.（法律要求父母送子女上学。）当表示 “使感激” 时，常用于 “be obliged to sb.” 结构，例如：I'm much obliged to you for your help.（非常感激你的帮助。） hunt： 作动词，“打猎；搜寻；追捕”。例如：They are hunting for the lost child.（他们正在寻找失踪的孩子。） 作名词，“打猎；搜寻；狩猎队”。如：The hunt for the criminal is still ongoing.（对罪犯的追捕仍在进行中。） 二、课文精读 课文概述：这篇课文讲述了一个关于美洲狮出没的故事。在一个小村庄附近发现了疑似美洲狮的踪迹，当地居民和专家们展开了一系列的搜寻行动，但美洲狮却一直未被捕获，不过它也似乎没有再造成危害。 段落分析： 第一段介绍了在一个地方发现了 “puma” 的踪迹，有一些相关的证据被发现，引起了人们的关注。例如提到了 “paw prints”（爪印）和 “puma fur”（美洲狮的毛）等证据。 第二段描述了人们对美洲狮的搜寻行动，包括 “experts from the zoo”（动物园的专家）前来查看，“a search party”（搜寻队）被组织起来，以及村民们如何参与其中，如 “keep watch”（守望；监视）等。 第三段讲述了搜寻过程中的一些情况，美洲狮的踪迹似乎到处都有，但又难以捉摸，它有时会在某个地方 “seen”（被看到），但又很快消失不见，使得搜寻工作陷入困境。 最后一段说明尽管经过了大量的搜寻努力，美洲狮仍然没有被捕获，不过它好像也离开了这个地区，不再有相关的事件发生。 写作手法： 设置悬念：课文开头就提到发现了美洲狮的踪迹，引发读者好奇，想要知道后续的发展和结果，在整个故事的讲述过程中，一直围绕着能否找到美洲狮展开，始终吸引着读者的注意力。 细节描写丰富：通过对美洲狮的爪印、毛发等细节描写，以及对人们搜寻行动的细致刻画，如村民们带着狗在树林里搜寻，专家们对各种证据的分析等，使整个故事更加生动、真实，让读者仿佛身临其境。 三、语法 现在完成进行时： 构成：“have/has been + 现在分词”。例如：I have been studying English for three hours.（我已经学习英语三个小时了。） 用法：表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且这个动作可能还会继续下去。在课文中的句子 “Experts have been called in to examine the evidence.”（已经请来了专家检查证据。）这里 “have been called in” 表示从发现疑似美洲狮踪迹开始到说话时专家被请来这个动作的持续，强调动作的过程和延续性。它与现在完成时的区别在于，现在完成时更强调动作的完成和结果，而现在完成进行时更侧重于动作的持续过程。例如：I have written a letter.（我写了一封信。）侧重于写信这个动作已经完成；I have been writing a letter.（我一直在写信。）强调写信这个动作持续了一段时间。 被动语态： 构成：“be + 过去分词”。课文中的 “Experts have been called in...” 就是一个被动语态的句子，“experts” 是动作 “call in”（召集；请来）的承受者，所以用被动语态。再如：The window was broken by the boy.（窗户被那个男孩打破了。）其中 “window” 是 “break” 这个动作的对象，使用被动语态来强调动作的承受者。被动语态在英语中常用于强调动作的承受者，或者当不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者不需要指出动作执行者时使用。 四、习题 （一）词汇练习 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 The police have been __________ (hunt) for the criminal for weeks. There is a lot of __________ (evidence) to prove his innocence. The snow has been __________ (accumulate) on the ground for days. She was __________ (oblige) to sell her house to pay the debts. I finally __________ (spot) my keys on the table. 选择合适的单词填空。 The __________ (puma / leopard) is a fierce animal. He found a small __________ (spot / place) on his shirt. The judge asked for more __________ (evidence / proof) in the case. They decided to __________ (hunt / search) for the missing treasure. The new law will __________ (oblige / force) companies to reduce pollution. （二）语法练习 将下列句子改为被动语态。 They have built a new bridge in the city. The teacher has corrected the students' papers. People have planted many trees in the park. 用现在完成进行时改写句子。 She studies French. (for two years) They work on the project. (since last month) I write a novel. (these days) （三）阅读理解 阅读下面的短文，回答问题。 A strange animal has been seen in the forest near our town. People say it looks like a large cat, but it is much bigger. Some hunters have found some strange footprints and fur. The local government has called in some experts to study the situation. The experts think it might be a rare species. They have been searching the forest for days, but they haven't found the animal yet. The people in the town are a bit worried, but they are also curious about what kind of animal it is. What has been seen in the forest? What have the hunters found? Who have the local government called in? Have the experts found the animal? （四）写作练习 根据以下提示，写一篇 100 - 150 字左右的短文。 提示：你在公园里看到了一只疑似狐狸的动物。描述你看到它的情景，包括它的样子、动作等，以及你之后的反应和周围人的反应。 五、答案： （一）词汇练习 hunting evidence accumulating obliged spotted puma spot evidence hunt oblige （二）语法练习 A new bridge has been built in the city. The students' papers have been corrected by the teacher. Many trees have been planted in the park. She has been studying French for two years. They have been working on the project since last month. I have been writing a novel these days. （三）阅读理解 A strange animal that looks like a large cat but is much bigger. Some strange footprints and fur. Some experts. No, they haven't. （四）写作练习 I was walking in the park yesterday when I saw an animal that looked like a fox. It had a bushy tail and reddish fur. It was running quickly among the bushes. I was so surprised and excited that I stopped to watch it. Some people around me also noticed it and started to take pictures. We all wondered if it was really a fox or some other wild animal. It disappeared soon, but the encounter left a deep impression on me. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$