Lesson 14 A noble gangster 单词语法讲义-2024-2025学年新概念英语第三册

新概念英语第三册 Lesson 14 一、词汇精讲 gangster 释义：n. 歹徒，强盗，匪徒。指参与犯罪活动，尤其是涉及暴力、抢劫、勒索等非法行为的人。 例句：The city was once plagued by a group of violent gangsters.（这座城市曾一度被一群暴力歹徒所困扰。） 拓展：相关词汇有 criminal（罪犯）、bandit（强盗，土匪）、thug（暴徒，恶棍）等。 promptly 释义：adv. 迅速地，立即，准时地。强调动作的及时性和准确性，没有拖延。 例句：The ambulance arrived promptly after the accident.（事故发生后，救护车迅速赶到。） 拓展：其形容词形式为 prompt，如 a prompt reply（及时的回复）；promptness 为名词形式，表示 “敏捷，迅速”。 destroy 释义：v. 破坏，摧毁，毁灭。表示使某物完全失去原有的功能、形态或价值，程度较为严重。 例句：The earthquake destroyed many houses in the village.（地震摧毁了村里的许多房屋。） 拓展：近义词有 ruin（毁坏，使破产）、demolish（拆除，推翻）、wreck（破坏，使失事）等；反义词有 build（建造）、construct（构筑）、create（创造）等。 remarkable 释义：adj. 非凡的，显著的，值得注意的。用于形容事物或人具有独特、出众的特点或成就。 例句：The young athlete has made remarkable achievements in recent competitions.（这位年轻运动员在最近的比赛中取得了显著的成就。） 拓展：remarkably 为副词形式，如 remarkably successful（非常成功）；remark 为名词或动词，作名词时表示 “评论，言论”，作动词时表示 “评论，谈及”。 dedicate 释义：v. 奉献，把…… 献给；致力于。通常表示将自己的时间、精力、才能等投入到某个特定的目标、事业或人身上。 例句：She dedicated her life to the research of cancer treatment.（她一生致力于癌症治疗的研究。） 拓展：dedicated 为形容词形式，如 a dedicated teacher（一位敬业的教师）；dedication 为名词形式，如 with great dedication（怀着极大的奉献精神）。 二、课文精讲 “There was a time when...” 句型 讲解：这是一个引导定语从句的常用句型，其中 when 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 time，表示 “曾经有一个时期……”。它用于描述过去某个特定的时间段内存在的情况或发生的事情。 例句：There was a time when people traveled mainly by horse and carriage.（曾经有一个时期人们主要靠马车出行。）在课文中 “There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for ‘protection’”，此句型引出了芝加哥店主和商人曾被迫向歹徒交保护费的历史背景。 “in return for” 短语 讲解：意为 “作为…… 的回报，以换取……”，用于说明一种交换关系，即一方给予某种东西以换取另一方的某种回报。 例句：He gave me a gift in return for my help.（他给我一份礼物以回报我的帮助。）课文里 “pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for ‘protection’” 形象地描绘出当时店主和商人无奈的处境，他们交巨款给歹徒，期望得到所谓的 “保护”。 “would rather...than...” 结构 讲解：表示 “宁愿…… 而不愿……”，表达一种偏好或选择。would rather 后面接动词原形，than 后面接另一个动词原形。 例句：I would rather stay at home than go to the crowded party.（我宁愿待在家里也不愿去拥挤的派对。）在课文 “people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters” 中，深刻地体现出人们为了保住自己的心血结晶，宁愿花钱消灾的心理。 “make a name for oneself” 短语 讲解：意为 “出名，成名”，强调通过个人的努力、成就或特殊经历而获得声誉和知名度。 例句：The young singer made a name for himself through his unique voice and excellent performances.（这位年轻歌手凭借其独特的嗓音和出色的表演而成名。）课文 “He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.” 讲述了主人公如何声名远扬并被意大利人知晓的过程。 “come to be known as...” 短语 讲解：表示 “逐渐被称为……”，强调随着时间的推移，某人或某物获得了特定的称呼或名称。 例句：The small town came to be known as a tourist paradise due to its beautiful scenery.（由于其美丽的风景，这个小镇逐渐被称为旅游天堂。）在课文语境中，此短语进一步说明了主人公在意大利的知名度和特定称谓的形成过程。 三、语法解析 定语从句 复习要点：定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，在句中起定语的作用。关系词（如 who, which, that, when, where 等）引导定语从句，并在从句中充当一定的成分。 课文例句分析： “There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay...”，其中 when 是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词 time，表示 “在那个时候”。 “Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay...”，这里 who 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，指代先行词 princes，表明是那些愿意付钱的王子。 条件状语从句 复习要点：条件状语从句由 if, unless 等引导词引导，表示在某种条件下会发生的事情。从句通常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时或含有情态动词的句子。 课文例句分析：“If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business...”，此句中 if 引导条件状语从句，从句 “the money was not paid promptly” 用一般过去时表示过去的假设情况，主句 “the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business” 使用了过去将来时，描述在钱未及时支付的条件下，歹徒将会采取的行动。 虚拟语气（部分体现） 复习要点：虚拟语气用于表达与事实不符的假设、愿望、建议等。在 “would rather...than...” 结构中，常使用虚拟语气，表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。 课文例句分析：“people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters”，这里 would rather 后的 pay 和 than 后的 have 都使用了动词原形，表达了一种与实际情况相反的假设，即人们实际上不想面临生命成果被歹徒破坏的情况，但为了避免这种情况宁愿付钱。 四、词汇和阅读习题 （一）词汇习题 填空题 The ______ (gangster) threatened the shopkeepers with violence. She answered the phone ______ (promptly) as soon as it rang. The fire ______ (destroy) most of the ancient building. His ______ (remarkable) talent was discovered at a young age. He decided to ______ (dedicate) his new book to his parents. 选择题 The ______ robbed the bank and escaped in a stolen car. A. criminal B. gangster C. thief D. burglar The meeting started ______ at 2 p.m. without any delay. A. promptly B. slowly C. lately D. lately The earthquake ______ many villages, leaving thousands homeless. A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. broke She has made ______ progress in her painting skills. A. remarkable B. normal C. average D. ordinary The scientist ______ his whole career to finding a cure for the disease. A. spent B. cost C. dedicated D. used （二）阅读习题 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 In the past, some small businesses in certain areas had to face the problem of extortion. There was a period when they had to pay a lot of money to local bullies. These bullies claimed to provide protection, but in fact, they were just causing trouble. If the business owners refused to pay, their stores would often be vandalized or they would face other forms of harassment. However, some brave business owners decided to fight back. They formed an alliance and reported the bullies to the police. With the help of the police, the situation gradually improved and the area became safer. What did the small businesses have to do in the past? What did the local bullies claim to do? What would happen if the business owners refused to pay? What did some brave business owners do? What was the result of their actions? 答案： They had to pay a lot of money to local bullies. They claimed to provide protection. Their stores would be vandalized or they would face other forms of harassment. They formed an alliance and reported the bullies to the police. The situation gradually improved and the area became safer. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$