2024-2025学年上学期高二英语期末复习讲练（外研版2019）选择性必修一 Unit6

2024-2025学年上学期高二英语期末复习讲练（外研版2019） 选择性必修一 Unit 6 基础练 一、根据语境写出句子中黑体单词的汉语意思 1. The explosion made a massive hole in the ground. 2. Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island. 3. Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. 4. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. 5. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai. 6. It might disturb the pandas' eating habits and cause them to become sick. 7. He is an environmental conservationist and often advocates and supports natural causes. 8. The applicant has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry. 9. I really do think there would be a genuine interest beyond my group. 10. He warned that his economic programme for the country was not negotiable. 二、词形转换 1. adv.平稳地→ adj.稳定的；平稳的 2. adj. 脆弱的 → adv. 脆弱地，微妙地，精致地 3. n.空闲，闲暇→ adj.悠闲的 adv.悠闲地；从容地 4. n.辐射→ adj.放射性的；有辐射的 5. n.申请人→ v.运用；涉及；申请→ n.应用；用途；申请 6. n.支持，赞同；关心→ adj.赞成的；有利的→ adj.最喜爱的 n.最喜爱的人或物 7. v.(为……)做广告(宣传)→ n.广告→ n.广告业；广告活动 8. adj.可协商的→ v.协商→ n.谈判→ n.谈判者；磋商者 9. n.优先(权)→ v.更喜欢；偏爱 10. n.技能条件，资格→ v.使合格；取得……资格→ adj.有资格的 11. n.经济→ adj. 经济的 → adj. 经济实惠的，节约的 →___________ adv. 经济地，节俭地 12. v.干扰，扰乱 → n. 干扰 → adj.令人不安的→ _______ adj.扰乱的 三、重点短语 1. ……的记录 2. 克服所有挑战 3. 最重要的事情之一 4. 引起某人的注意 5. 悠闲地 6. 允许……做某事 7. 使……更生动 8. 一种自豪感和成就感 9. 保护……免受…… 10. 强调……的重要性 11. be made up of 12. under threat 13. in favor of 14. reach out 15. what’s more 四、重点句式 1.现在分词短语作伴随状语 ______________________________(坐在我的座位上), I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. 2.“疑问词＋to do”结构 ____________________________(如何保护脆弱的生态系统) was among the top concerns. 3.不定式作后置定语 The first landmark (引起我的注意) is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost. 4.before引导时间状语从句 The journey has been flying by, and (不知不觉中), we have reached Tanggula Station. 5.“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……” Ben later joked that the job (不应该被宣传为“最好的”，而应该是“世界上最繁忙的工作”)! 6.whether引导主语从句 _________________________________________________(不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动) isn't really important. 提高练 一、阅读理解 A（24-25高二浙江温州期中考试） “The climate time bomb is ticking,” said UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres at a recent meeting. Preventing global warming from reaching the 1. 5 °C limit is “achievable” but it will take a giant leap in climate action, Guterres added. As cities develop, some sources of carbon emissions (排放) may be hard to notice for most people, for example, the bricks used in buildings. US company Biomason has produced bio-based cement (水泥), which can sharply cut emissions during traditional cement production. “We grow cement the same way nature does,” wrote the company’s website. How the cement is “grown” is based on biomineralization, the process by which living organisms produce minerals. One example of biomineralization is coral reefs. Massive reef structures are formed when each individual stony coral produces calcium carbonate, a kind of mineral. Although the stony corals are tiny, one reef structure, built by millions of stony corals, can grow to weigh several tons. This biobased cement alternative is called Biolith. During the production of each Biolith tile, bacteria and nutrients are mixed with sand. Organisms then produce calcium carbonate by absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen (氮). However, the process doesn’t change the size of the Biolith tile instead, it increases the density. The produced calcium carbonate forms bridges between the grains, strengthening the unit from within. It takes less than 72 hours to let a Biolith tile “grow” fully, while traditional concrete requires about 28 days to make a brick. The company aims to “remove 25 percent of carbon emissions from the concrete industry by 2030,” according to its website. Traditional concrete is made of crushed stones. The process involves heating the stone to temperatures greater than 1,300 °C, during which carbon dioxide is emitted. The manufacture of Biolith, however, doesn’t involve heating, which greatly reduces carbon emissions. The company plans on increasing the use of bio-based bricks, covering 35,000 square meters in Europe by the end of this year. 1．What is biomineralization? A．The process of producing bio-based cement. B．The process of controlling calcium carbonate. C．The process of producing minerals by living organisms. D．The process of absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen. 2．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the production of Biolith? A．It requires temperatures greater than 1,300° C． B．It takes as long as traditional concrete to fully harden. C．It involves the use of living organisms to create calcium carbonate. D．It releases more carbon dioxide than traditional concrete production. 3．What is the main advantage of Biolith over traditional concrete? A．It makes bricks larger and more durable. B．It requires no heating, cutting carbon emissions. C．It reduces the amount of sand used in construction. D．It reduces the time needed for concrete to set by half. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of the article? A．To explain how climate change affects coral reefs. B．To highlight the difficulties in creating eco-friendly cement. C．To discuss global climate goals and their impact on construction. D．To describe a company’s efforts to reduce emissions in the concrete industry. B（24-25高二湖南长沙期中考试） Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing personal information publicly was uncommon. Nowadays, it’s normal for young people to post updates about their lives and interact on the Internet regularly. Supporters of social media say it brings people closer together, and helps make friends, learn about different cultures, and celebrate events. Yet, concerns arise over this lifestyle’s impact, especially regarding the quantity and nature of shared information. Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be harmful. Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. This outcome has several reasons. Social media often features idealized content like beautiful vacations, lively events, and trendy outfits. Since negative experiences or unappealing images are rarely shared, it creates a false reality. Comparing these highlights to one’s own life can contribute to depression, as people may perceive their lives as inferior. Even those sharing the positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. Since social media is a big part of our lives now, it’s not going away. Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. 5．What is the impact of inappropriate social media use according to the research? A．It enhances online interactions. B．It increases overall happiness. C．It can lead to unhappiness. D．It improves global connectivity. 6．Why might individuals feel stressed after posting the positive content on social media? A．They are concerned others mislead their posts. B．They believe others lead happier lives. C．They fear they may be cyber-bullied by others. D．They worry about quality of their posts. 7．How does the author develop the third paragraph of the article? A．By providing examples. B．By listing causes. C．By making comparisons. D．By describing process. 8．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To encourage people to quit social media. B．To discuss the benefits of social media. C．To highlight the negative effects of social media. D．To advocate balancing online and offline lives. 二、七选五（24-25高二吉林期中考试） Tidying your desk, watering your plants or folding laundry — these household chores are hardly the height of hedonism (享乐主义). 1 . Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms that might explain the perfect pleasure of puttering (慢条斯理地做) . They may well encourage you to engage in it more often. Pleasant distractions On the surface level, puttering may be useful because it occupies the mind, so that we give fewer resources to the things that are worrying us. For instance, we may find household tasks can help us focus on the present moment. People completing these small tasks often report a significantly better mood. 2 , as if the immersion (沉浸) in the simple activity had refreshed their minds. 3 Unlike other distracting activities — such as playing computer games or watching trashy TV — puttering also has the advantage of being positive and useful, increasing our “perceived control”. When we feel anxious, a sense of helplessness can heighten the physiological stress response, increasing levels of hormones. Ideally, we would deal directly with the upsetting situation itself. But research suggests we can gain a perception of control from activities that may have little effect on the situation that’s bothering us. Tidy room, focused mind 4 . If your puttering takes the form of organizing and decluttering (清理), you may find that the tidier environment is itself a form of comfort. To summarize, if we see order outside, it helps us to feel a bit less chaotic inside. 5 . A．Being powerful B．A feeling of control C．The benefits do not end there D．We will feel great anxiety in our mind E．This included reduced nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration” F．It is comforting because it makes life easier to manage and more predictable G．Yet we often find ourselves seeking pleasure and comfort in small repetitive tasks 三、完形填空（24-25高二山东菏泽期中考试） My mom is a very skilled cook, but she didn’t have the time to 1 it the way I do when she was young. Mom was the first woman in her family to 2 outside the house, but that did not mean that her 3 at home diminished (减少). Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family, all before 7:30 am, after which she would run to work. She would 4 at 5 pm, after which she would be busy with dinner, dishes, laying out clothes for the next day. She would fall into bed, 5 , only to wake up the next morning and repeat the 6 all over again. My love for cooking 7 when I was homesick in England, and the food of homeland made me feel 8 to my family. My mom is living with me now. I have a lot of cookbooks from all over the world because I 9 cooking food that I have never known before. Mom’s recipes (食谱) were all handed down from her parents. Mom is unhappy when she sees me 10 anything that she considers useful. She tells me that 11 food makes her feel ill. I know she is right and decide to change my 12 , considering her 13 — she grew up in a small village in India. Though we have 14 styles of cooking, I like staying in the kitchen with my mother. We are friends now and I 15 my relationship with this amazing woman. 1．A．admire B．enjoy C．share D．learn 2．A．work B．search C．practice D．travel 3．A．difficulties B．suggestions C．excuses D．responsibilities 4．A．train B．pack C．return D．call 5．A．anxious B．annoyed C．awkward D．tired 6．A．schedule B．question C．method D．mistake 7．A．continued B．mattered C．changed D．began 8．A．open B．important C．close D．convenient 9．A．stop B．like C．avoid D．finish 10．A．looking for B．cutting out C．throwing away D．noting down 11．A．serving B．choosing C．preparing D．wasting 12．A．behavior B．job C．mind D．lifestyle 13．A．age B．personality C．background D．progress 14．A．simple B．different C．unique D．traditional 15．A．treasure B．understand C．manage D．examine 四、语法填空（24-25高二重庆期中考试） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s first reusable satellite returned successfully, bringing back the payloads it carried. These payloads are used for scientific research, 1 include categories like plant seeds, microorganism samples and technology demonstration devices. October 24th witnessed the 2 (deliver) of the payloads to their respective owners in Beijing, which had been on a 13.5-day journey with Shijian 19. 3 previous recoverable satellites, Shijian 19 is reusable. Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology, it 4 (take) into space by a Long March 2D carrier rocket that lifted off on September 27th from Jiuquan. The satellite supported space-based mutation breeding programs and tested 5 (local) produced materials and electronic components. As 6 (plan), the spacecraft landed successfully in Inner Mongolia on October 11th. Over 1,000 germplasm (种质资源) resources were bred on Shijian 19, 7 (contribute) to China’s germplasm innovation. The mission also involved testing domestic components and raw materials in orbit. According to Zhao Huiguang, 8 senior researcher, the satellite featured advanced equipment to stand reentry heat and minimize landing impact. Reusable satellites enable scientists 9 (conduct) demanding, time-sensitive experiments in orbit due to high microgravity levels. Shijian 19 is efficient and capable of transporting and returning large payloads. Engineers will soon evaluate 10 (it) condition and replace any necessary equipment. 五、读后续写（24-25高二浙江期中考试） 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A dark leaden-coloured mass was creeping over the sky towards the sun in the early morning. Red zigzags of lightning gleamed here and there. There was a sound of far-away rumbling. A warm wind flowed over the grass, bent the trees, and stirred up the dust. In a minute there would be a real rainstorm. Fyokla, a little beggar-girl of six, was running through the village, looking for Terenty — the cobbler (修鞋匠). The white-haired, barefoot child was pale with her eyes wide-open and lips trembling. She asked every one she met but no one answered. They were all occupied with the approaching storm and hid in their shelters. At last, someone told her Terenty was at the kitchen-gardens. She ran to find Terenty. The tall old man with a thin face, very long legs, and bare feet, dressed in a worn-out jacket, was standing near the vegetable plots. “Uncle Terenty!” the girl addressed him. Terenty bent down to Fyokla, and his face was overspread with a smile. “Ah! Fyokla, What was wrong?” he asked, lisping tenderly. “Uncle Terenty,” replied Fyokla, with a sob, dragging at the lapel of the cobbler’s coat. “Brother Danilka stuck his hand into a hole in a tree in the Count’s Copse and couldn’t get it out.” Terenty aslo learnt Danilka just wanted to get a cuckoo’s egg out of the hole for his sister. Terenty shook his head and spat deliberately, but determined to offer help. He came out of the kitchen-garden and began striding down the village street. He walked quickly without stopping or looking around, as though he were pushed roughly from behind or afraid of pursuit. Fyokla could hardly catch him. “Holy, holy, holy…” whispered Fyokla, hurrying after Terenty. They came out of the village and turned along the dusty road towards the Count’s Copse which was about a mile and a half away. The clouds had covered the sun, and soon it grew totally dark. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para. 1: The first rain-drops, big and heavy, fell on Fyokla’s cheek and slid like a tear down her chin. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para. 2: But at last they went into the Count’s Copse. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年上学期高二英语期末复习讲练（外研版2019） 选择性必修一 Unit 6 基础练 一、根据语境写出句子中黑体单词的汉语意思 1. The explosion made a massive hole in the ground. 巨大的 2. Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island. 脆弱的 3. Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. 地标 4. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere.壮丽的 5. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai. 漫步 6. It might disturb the pandas' eating habits and cause them to become sick.打扰 7. He is an environmental conservationist and often advocates and supports natural causes. 保护工作者 8. The applicant has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry. 申请者 9. I really do think there would be a genuine interest beyond my group.真正的 10. He warned that his economic programme for the country was not negotiable. 可协商的 二、词形转换 1. steadily adv.平稳地→steady adj.稳定的；平稳的 2. delicate adj. 脆弱的 →delicately adv. 脆弱地，微妙地，精致地 3. leisure n.空闲，闲暇→leisurely adj.悠闲的 adv.悠闲地；从容地 4.radiation n.辐射→radioactive adj.放射性的；有辐射的 5.applicant n.申请人→apply v.运用；涉及；申请→application n.应用；用途；申请 6.favour n.支持，赞同；关心→favorable adj.赞成的；有利的→favorite adj.最喜爱的 n.最喜爱的人或物 7.advertise v.(为……)做广告(宣传)→advertisement n.广告→advertising n.广告业；广告活动 8.negotiable adj.可协商的→negotiate v.协商→negotiation n.谈判→negotiator n.谈判者；磋商者 9.preference n.优先(权)→prefer v.更喜欢；偏爱 10.qualification n.技能条件，资格→qualify v.使合格；取得……资格→qualified adj.有资格的 11. economy n.经济→ economic adj. 经济的 →economical adj. 经济实惠的，节约的 →economically adv. 经济地，节俭地 12. disturb v.干扰，扰乱 → disturbance n. 干扰 →disturbing adj.令人不安的→ disturbed adj.扰乱的 三、重点短语 1. a record of ……的记录 2. overcome all the challenges 克服所有挑战 3. among the top concerns 最重要的事情之一 4. catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意 5. at one’s leisure 悠闲地 6. allow…to do… 允许……做某事 7. bring…to life 使……更生动 8. a sense of pride and achievement 一种自豪感和成就感 9. protect…from… 保护……免受…… 10. highlight the importance of… 强调……的重要性 11. be made up of 由……组成 12. under threat 收到威胁 13. in favor of 支持 14. reach out 伸出手 15. what’s more 此外，而且 四、重点句式 1.现在分词短语作伴随状语 Sitting back in my seat(坐在我的座位上), I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. 2.“疑问词＋to do”结构 How to protect the delicate ecosystem[如何保护(这里)脆弱的生态系统] was among the top concerns. 3.不定式作后置定语 The first landmark to catch my eye(引起我的注意) is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost. 4.before引导时间状语从句 The journey has been flying by, and before I know it(不知不觉中), we have reached Tanggula Station. 5.“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……” Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”，but the “busiest job in the world”(不应该被宣传为“最好的”，而应该是“世界上最繁忙的工作”)! 6.whether引导主语从句 Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye­catching marketing event(不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动) isn't really important. 提高练 一、阅读理解 A（24-25高二浙江温州期中考试） “The climate time bomb is ticking,” said UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres at a recent meeting. Preventing global warming from reaching the 1. 5 °C limit is “achievable” but it will take a giant leap in climate action, Guterres added. As cities develop, some sources of carbon emissions (排放) may be hard to notice for most people, for example, the bricks used in buildings. US company Biomason has produced bio-based cement (水泥), which can sharply cut emissions during traditional cement production. “We grow cement the same way nature does,” wrote the company’s website. How the cement is “grown” is based on biomineralization, the process by which living organisms produce minerals. One example of biomineralization is coral reefs. Massive reef structures are formed when each individual stony coral produces calcium carbonate, a kind of mineral. Although the stony corals are tiny, one reef structure, built by millions of stony corals, can grow to weigh several tons. This biobased cement alternative is called Biolith. During the production of each Biolith tile, bacteria and nutrients are mixed with sand. Organisms then produce calcium carbonate by absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen (氮). However, the process doesn’t change the size of the Biolith tile instead, it increases the density. The produced calcium carbonate forms bridges between the grains, strengthening the unit from within. It takes less than 72 hours to let a Biolith tile “grow” fully, while traditional concrete requires about 28 days to make a brick. The company aims to “remove 25 percent of carbon emissions from the concrete industry by 2030,” according to its website. Traditional concrete is made of crushed stones. The process involves heating the stone to temperatures greater than 1,300 °C, during which carbon dioxide is emitted. The manufacture of Biolith, however, doesn’t involve heating, which greatly reduces carbon emissions. The company plans on increasing the use of bio-based bricks, covering 35,000 square meters in Europe by the end of this year. 1．What is biomineralization? A．The process of producing bio-based cement. B．The process of controlling calcium carbonate. C．The process of producing minerals by living organisms. D．The process of absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen. 2．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the production of Biolith? A．It requires temperatures greater than 1,300° C． B．It takes as long as traditional concrete to fully harden. C．It involves the use of living organisms to create calcium carbonate. D．It releases more carbon dioxide than traditional concrete production. 3．What is the main advantage of Biolith over traditional concrete? A．It makes bricks larger and more durable. B．It requires no heating, cutting carbon emissions. C．It reduces the amount of sand used in construction. D．It reduces the time needed for concrete to set by half. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of the article? A．To explain how climate change affects coral reefs. B．To highlight the difficulties in creating eco-friendly cement. C．To discuss global climate goals and their impact on construction. D．To describe a company’s efforts to reduce emissions in the concrete industry. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国公司Biommason生产出了生物水泥，可以大大减少传统水泥生产过程中的碳排放。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“How the cement is “grown” is based on biomineralization, the process by which living organisms produce minerals.( 水泥如何“生长”是基于生物矿化，生物矿化是生物体产生矿物质的过程。)”可知，生物矿化是生物产生矿物质的过程。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This biobased cement alternative is called Biolith. During the production of each Biolith tile, bacteria and nutrients are mixed with sand. Organisms then produce calcium carbonate by absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen.( 这种生物基水泥替代品被称为生物石。在生产每个生物石瓦的过程中，细菌和营养物质与沙子混合。然后，生物体通过吸收由钙和氮组成的液体产生碳酸钙。)”可知，根据文章，关于生物石的生产，它涉及到利用生物有机体来制造碳酸钙这些陈述是正确的。ABD项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The manufacture of Biolith, however, doesn’t involve heating, which greatly reduces carbon emissions.( 然而，生物石的制造不涉及加热，这大大减少了碳排放。)”可知，与传统混凝土相比，生物石的主要优势是它不需要加热，减少了碳排放。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“US company Biomason has produced bio-based cement (水泥), which can sharply cut emissions during traditional cement production.( 美国公司Biommason已经生产出生物基水泥，这种水泥可以在传统水泥生产过程中大幅减少排放。)”和最后一段中“The company plans on increasing the use of bio-based bricks, covering 35,000 square meters in Europe by the end of this year.( 该公司计划增加生物基砖的使用，到今年年底在欧洲覆盖3.5万平方米。)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍Biomason公司为减少混凝土行业排放所做的努力。故选D项。 B（24-25高二湖南长沙期中考试） Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing personal information publicly was uncommon. Nowadays, it’s normal for young people to post updates about their lives and interact on the Internet regularly. Supporters of social media say it brings people closer together, and helps make friends, learn about different cultures, and celebrate events. Yet, concerns arise over this lifestyle’s impact, especially regarding the quantity and nature of shared information. Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be harmful. Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. This outcome has several reasons. Social media often features idealized content like beautiful vacations, lively events, and trendy outfits. Since negative experiences or unappealing images are rarely shared, it creates a false reality. Comparing these highlights to one’s own life can contribute to depression, as people may perceive their lives as inferior. Even those sharing the positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. Since social media is a big part of our lives now, it’s not going away. Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. 5．What is the impact of inappropriate social media use according to the research? A．It enhances online interactions. B．It increases overall happiness. C．It can lead to unhappiness. D．It improves global connectivity. 6．Why might individuals feel stressed after posting the positive content on social media? A．They are concerned others mislead their posts. B．They believe others lead happier lives. C．They fear they may be cyber-bullied by others. D．They worry about quality of their posts. 7．How does the author develop the third paragraph of the article? A．By providing examples. B．By listing causes. C．By making comparisons. D．By describing process. 8．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To encourage people to quit social media. B．To discuss the benefits of social media. C．To highlight the negative effects of social media. D．To advocate balancing online and offline lives. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社交媒体的流行以及对人们生活的影响，并提醒人们用正确的心态去对待社交媒体所展示的内容。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers observed individuals’ moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. (研究者观察了人们在社交媒体互动前后的情绪，并发现人们在社交媒体上花费的时间越长，他们就越感到不快乐) ”可知，过度使用社交媒体会导致人们感到更加不快乐。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Even those sharing positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. (即便是那些分享积极内容的人也会担心和焦虑自己能得到多少点赞和评论，以及他们是否足够受欢迎。网络欺凌让情况变得更糟，有些人在评论中表现出刻薄和伤人的态度)”可知，发布积极内容的人们也会害怕遭遇其他人的网络欺凌。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段内容及段首的“This outcome has several reasons.(这个结果有多个原因)”可知，本段中作者列举了导致社交媒体使用后感到不快乐的几个原因，如理想化的内容、负面体验的缺失、比较导致的抑郁等，即作者是通过给出原因来展开第三段的。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. (研究强调了在数字世界和现实世界之间找到平衡的重要性。我们不必完全与网络世界断开联系就能感到幸福，但认识到网络世界呈现的是有选择性的画面至关重要。理解我们在网上看到的内容只是完整故事的一部分，这有助于我们保护心理健康并充分享受生活) ”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了提倡平衡线上和线下生活，这是很重要的。故选D。 二、七选五（24-25高二吉林期中考试） Tidying your desk, watering your plants or folding laundry — these household chores are hardly the height of hedonism (享乐主义). 1 . Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms that might explain the perfect pleasure of puttering (慢条斯理地做) . They may well encourage you to engage in it more often. Pleasant distractions On the surface level, puttering may be useful because it occupies the mind, so that we give fewer resources to the things that are worrying us. For instance, we may find household tasks can help us focus on the present moment. People completing these small tasks often report a significantly better mood. 2 , as if the immersion (沉浸) in the simple activity had refreshed their minds. 3 Unlike other distracting activities — such as playing computer games or watching trashy TV — puttering also has the advantage of being positive and useful, increasing our “perceived control”. When we feel anxious, a sense of helplessness can heighten the physiological stress response, increasing levels of hormones. Ideally, we would deal directly with the upsetting situation itself. But research suggests we can gain a perception of control from activities that may have little effect on the situation that’s bothering us. Tidy room, focused mind 4 . If your puttering takes the form of organizing and decluttering (清理), you may find that the tidier environment is itself a form of comfort. To summarize, if we see order outside, it helps us to feel a bit less chaotic inside. 5 . A．Being powerful B．A feeling of control C．The benefits do not end there D．We will feel great anxiety in our mind E．This included reduced nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration” F．It is comforting because it makes life easier to manage and more predictable G．Yet we often find ourselves seeking pleasure and comfort in small repetitive tasks 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．B 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家务活等简单重复任务如何通过提供心理上的慰藉、增强控制感和整理环境来改善人的心情和减轻压力。 1．上文“Tidying your desk, watering your plants or folding laundry — these household chores are hardly the height of hedonism (享乐主义).(整理办公桌、浇花或叠衣服——这些家务活并不是享乐主义的最高境界)”说明家务活并不是典型的享乐行为。空处和前文形成转折关系，并且引出下文。G项中的yet为转折连词，“seeking pleasure and comfort in small repetitive tasks”和下文“might explain the perfect pleasure of puttering (慢条斯理地做)”相呼应，说明尽管家务活并不是享乐主义的最高境界，但是人们还是会在这些琐碎的任务中找到乐趣。所以G项“然而，我们经常发现自己在重复的小任务中寻求快乐和安慰”符合语境。故选G。 2．上文“People completing these small tasks often report a significantly better mood.(完成这些小任务的人通常会报告心情明显好转)”以及下文“as if the immersion (沉浸) in the simple activity had refreshed their minds.(仿佛沉浸在简单的活动中让他们精神焕发)”说明完成家务小任务会让人心情明显好转。空处进一步说明心情变好的具体表现。E项中的“reduced nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration””和上文中的“a significantly better mood”相呼应，也和下文的“refreshed their minds”相呼应，所以E项“这包括减少了紧张感，甚至有一种“灵感”的感觉”符合语境。故选E。 3．下文“Unlike other distracting activities — such as playing computer games or watching trashy TV— puttering also has the advantage of being positive and useful, increasing our “perceived control”.(不像其他分散注意力的活动——比如玩电脑游戏或看低质量的电视节目——慢条斯理地做事情也有其积极和有用的一面，能增加我们的“感知控制力”)”以及“But research suggests we can gain a perception of control from activities that may have little effect on the situation that’s bothering us.(但研究表明，我们可以从对困扰我们的情况影响不大的活动中获得控制感)”说明与其他分散注意力的活动相比，慢条斯理地做事还具有积极和有用的优势，可以增加我们的“感知控制”。所以B项“控制的感觉”适合作本段的主旨句。故选B。 4．标题“Tidy room, focused mind(整洁的房间，专注的思维)”以及下文“If your puttering takes the form of organizing and decluttering (清理), you may find that the tidier environment is itself a form of comfort.(如果你的慢条斯理表现为整理和去杂乱，你可能会发现，整洁的环境本身就是一种安慰)”说明整洁的环境能让人专注，而且如果你的慢条斯理表现为整理和去杂乱，整洁的环境本身就是一种安慰。所以空处承上启下，既总结了标题提到的好处，也引出下文中其它的好处。所以C项“好处不仅仅于此”符合语境。故选C。 5．上文“To summarize, if we see order outside, it helps us to feel a bit less chaotic inside.(总结来说，如果我们看到外界是有序的，这会帮助我们感觉到内心不那么混乱)”说明整洁的外部环境能带来内心的平静。空处顺接前文，进一步说明整洁的外部环境带来的好处。F项“这让人感到安慰，因为它使生活更容易管理且更具可预测性”符合语境，it指代前文中提到的“order outside”。故选F。 三、完形填空（24-25高二山东菏泽期中考试） My mom is a very skilled cook, but she didn’t have the time to 1 it the way I do when she was young. Mom was the first woman in her family to 2 outside the house, but that did not mean that her 3 at home diminished (减少). Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family, all before 7:30 am, after which she would run to work. She would 4 at 5 pm, after which she would be busy with dinner, dishes, laying out clothes for the next day. She would fall into bed, 5 , only to wake up the next morning and repeat the 6 all over again. My love for cooking 7 when I was homesick in England, and the food of homeland made me feel 8 to my family. My mom is living with me now. I have a lot of cookbooks from all over the world because I 9 cooking food that I have never known before. Mom’s recipes (食谱) were all handed down from her parents. Mom is unhappy when she sees me 10 anything that she considers useful. She tells me that 11 food makes her feel ill. I know she is right and decide to change my 12 , considering her 13 — she grew up in a small village in India. Though we have 14 styles of cooking, I like staying in the kitchen with my mother. We are friends now and I 15 my relationship with this amazing woman. 1．A．admire B．enjoy C．share D．learn 2．A．work B．search C．practice D．travel 3．A．difficulties B．suggestions C．excuses D．responsibilities 4．A．train B．pack C．return D．call 5．A．anxious B．annoyed C．awkward D．tired 6．A．schedule B．question C．method D．mistake 7．A．continued B．mattered C．changed D．began 8．A．open B．important C．close D．convenient 9．A．stop B．like C．avoid D．finish 10．A．looking for B．cutting out C．throwing away D．noting down 11．A．serving B．choosing C．preparing D．wasting 12．A．behavior B．job C．mind D．lifestyle 13．A．age B．personality C．background D．progress 14．A．simple B．different C．unique D．traditional 15．A．treasure B．understand C．manage D．examine 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者与母亲之间的故事，特别是与烹饪相关的经历和情感联系。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是一个非常熟练的厨师，但她年轻的时候没有时间像我这样享受烹饪。A. admire钦佩；B. enjoy享受；C. share分享；D. learn学习。根据后文“Mom was the first woman in her family to　　2　outside the house”可知，妈妈是家里第一个外出工作的女人，以及下文可知，妈妈要做很多工作，所以是不能享受烹饪的乐趣。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈是家里第一个外出工作的女人，但这并不意味着她在家里的责任减少了。A. work工作；B. search搜索；C. practice练习；D. travel旅行。根据后文“after which she would run to work”可知，妈妈是家里第一个外出工作的女人。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈是家里第一个外出工作的女人，但这并不意味着她在家里的责任减少了。A. difficulties困难；B. suggestions建议；C. excuses借口；D. responsibilities责任。根据后文“Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family, all before 7:30 am”以及“after which she would be busy with dinner, dishes, laying out clothes for the next day.”可知，妈妈要为家里做很多事，所以并不意味着她在家里的责任减少了。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她会在下午5点回来，之后她会忙着做饭，洗碗，整理第二天的衣服。A. train训练；B. pack打包；C. return返回；D. call打电话。根据前文“after which she would run to work.”以及后文“after which she would be busy with dinner”可知，前文说妈妈去工作，后文准备晚餐，所以应是在下午5点下班回来。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她躺在床上，累了，第二天早上醒来，又重复了一遍。A. anxious焦虑的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. tired疲倦的。根据前文“Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family, all before 7:30 am, after which she would run to work. She would　　4　 at 5 pm, after which she would be busy with dinner, dishes, laying out clothes for the next day.”可知，妈妈一天的工作非常多，所以是疲倦的。故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她躺在床上，累了，第二天早上醒来，又重复了一遍。A. schedule日程；B. question问题；C. method方法；D. mistake错误。根据前文的repeat和后文的“all over again”可知，应是重复前一天的日程。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对烹饪的热爱始于我在英国想家的时候，家乡的食物让我觉得和家人更亲近。A. continued继续；B. mattered重要；C. changed改变；D. began开始。根据后文“when I was homesick in England”可知，作者在英国想家的时候，开始了对烹饪的热爱，因为家乡的食物让作者觉得和家人更亲近。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对烹饪的热爱始于我在英国想家的时候，家乡的食物让我觉得和家人更亲近。A. open开放的；B. important重要的；C. close亲密的；D. convenient方便的。根据前文“when I was homesick in England, and the food of homeland made me”可知，作者在英国想家，所以家乡的食物让作者觉得和家人更亲近。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有很多来自世界各地的烹饪书，因为我喜欢烹饪我以前从不知道的食物。A. stop停止；B. like喜欢；C. avoid避免；D. finish完成。根据前文“My love for cooking”可知，作者喜欢烹饪，所以此处是喜欢烹饪她以前从不知道的食物。故选B项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当妈妈看到我扔掉她认为有用的东西时，她很不高兴。A. looking for寻找；B. cutting out剪掉；C. throwing away扔掉；D. noting down记下。根据前文的“Mom is unhappy”以及后文“that she considers useful.”结合选项可知，应是“扔掉她认为有用的东西时，她很不高兴”符合语境。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我浪费食物使她感到不舒服。A. serving服务；B. choosing选择；C. preparing准备；D. wasting浪费。根据前文“Mom is unhappy when she sees me　　10　anything that she considers useful.”可知，妈妈对作者扔掉她认为有用的东西，也就是浪费食物感到不舒服。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道她是对的，并决定改变我的行为，考虑到她的背景——她在印度的一个小村庄长大。A. behavior行为；B. job工作；C. mind思想；D. lifestyle生活方式。根据前文“I know she is right”可知，作者觉得妈妈是对的，所以应是改变自己的行为。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道她是对的，并决定改变我的行为，考虑到她的背景——她在印度的一个小村庄长大。A. age年龄；B. personality性格；C. background背景；D. progress进步。根据后文“she grew up in a small village in India.”可知，这是妈妈的背景。故选C项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们有不同的烹饪风格，但我喜欢和妈妈呆在厨房里。A. simple简单的；B. different不同的；C. unique独特的；D. traditional传统的。根据前文“I have a lot of cookbooks from all over the world because I　9　cooking food that I have never known before. Mom’s recipes were all handed down from her parents.”可知，作者喜欢烹饪她以前从不知道的食物而妈妈的食谱都是她父母传下来的，所以她们有不同的烹饪风格。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们现在是朋友了，我珍惜和这个了不起的女人的关系。A. treasure珍视；B. understand理解；C. manage管理；D. examine检查。根据前文“We are friends now”可知，作者和妈妈是朋友了，所以应是珍惜和这个了不起的女人的关系。故选A项。 四、语法填空（24-25高二重庆期中考试） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s first reusable satellite returned successfully, bringing back the payloads it carried. These payloads are used for scientific research, 1 include categories like plant seeds, microorganism samples and technology demonstration devices. October 24th witnessed the 2 (deliver) of the payloads to their respective owners in Beijing, which had been on a 13.5-day journey with Shijian 19. 3 previous recoverable satellites, Shijian 19 is reusable. Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology, it 4 (take) into space by a Long March 2D carrier rocket that lifted off on September 27th from Jiuquan. The satellite supported space-based mutation breeding programs and tested 5 (local) produced materials and electronic components. As 6 (plan), the spacecraft landed successfully in Inner Mongolia on October 11th. Over 1,000 germplasm (种质资源) resources were bred on Shijian 19, 7 (contribute) to China’s germplasm innovation. The mission also involved testing domestic components and raw materials in orbit. According to Zhao Huiguang, 8 senior researcher, the satellite featured advanced equipment to stand reentry heat and minimize landing impact. Reusable satellites enable scientists 9 (conduct) demanding, time-sensitive experiments in orbit due to high microgravity levels. Shijian 19 is efficient and capable of transporting and returning large payloads. Engineers will soon evaluate 10 (it) condition and replace any necessary equipment. 【答案】 1．which 2．delivery 3．Unlike 4．was taken 5．locally 6．planned 7．contributing 8．a 9．to conduct 10．its 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国首颗可重复使用的卫星实践十九号成功返回，带回了包括植物种子和微生物样本等在内的供科学研究使用的有效载荷。 1．考查定语从句。句意：这些有效载荷用于科学研究，包括植物种子、微生物样本和技术演示装置等类别。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词payloads作补充说明，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 2．考查名词。句意：10月24日，这些有效载荷在北京交付给各自的主人，它们与实践十九号一起进行了13.5天的飞行。空处作witnessed的宾语，空前有the，deliver的名词形式delivery符合题意，意为“交付”。故填delivery。 3．考查介词。句意：与以前的返回式卫星不同，实践十九号是可重复使用的。结合第一段中“China’s first reusable satellite returned successfully”可知，实践十九号与以前的返回式卫星不同，空处应用介词unlike表示“不同于”，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Unlike。 4．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它由中国空间技术研究院研制，于9月27日由长征二号运载火箭从酒泉发射升空。空处作句子的谓语，根据“on September 27th”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，take“携带”和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是it，be动词应用was。故填was taken。 5．考查副词。句意：该卫星支持空间诱变育种计划，并测试本地生产的材料和电子元件。空处修饰过去分词produced，应用local的副词形式locally，意为“本地地”，作状语。故填locally。 6．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：按计划，飞船于10月11日在内蒙古成功着陆。固定表达as planned意为“按计划”，as引导的方式状语从句省略了it和be。故填planned。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：实践十九号培育了1000余种种质资源，为中国的种质创新贡献了力量。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用contribute“做贡献”的现在分词形式。故填contributing。 8．考查冠词。句意：据高级研究员赵会光介绍，这颗卫星配备了先进的设备，以承受再次进入大气层的热量，最大限度地减少着陆冲击。空处表示泛指，意为“一名高级研究员”，应用不定冠词，且senior的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于微重力水平高，可重复使用的卫星使科学家能够在轨道上进行要求高、时间敏感的实验。固定短语enable sb. to do sth.意为“让某人能够做某事”，空处应用conduct“进行”的不定式形式。故填to conduct。 10．考查代词。句意：工程师们将很快评估它的状况，并更换任何必要的设备。空处作修饰condition的定语，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 五、读后续写（24-25高二浙江期中考试） 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A dark leaden-coloured mass was creeping over the sky towards the sun in the early morning. Red zigzags of lightning gleamed here and there. There was a sound of far-away rumbling. A warm wind flowed over the grass, bent the trees, and stirred up the dust. In a minute there would be a real rainstorm. Fyokla, a little beggar-girl of six, was running through the village, looking for Terenty — the cobbler (修鞋匠). The white-haired, barefoot child was pale with her eyes wide-open and lips trembling. She asked every one she met but no one answered. They were all occupied with the approaching storm and hid in their shelters. At last, someone told her Terenty was at the kitchen-gardens. She ran to find Terenty. The tall old man with a thin face, very long legs, and bare feet, dressed in a worn-out jacket, was standing near the vegetable plots. “Uncle Terenty!” the girl addressed him. Terenty bent down to Fyokla, and his face was overspread with a smile. “Ah! Fyokla, What was wrong?” he asked, lisping tenderly. “Uncle Terenty,” replied Fyokla, with a sob, dragging at the lapel of the cobbler’s coat. “Brother Danilka stuck his hand into a hole in a tree in the Count’s Copse and couldn’t get it out.” Terenty aslo learnt Danilka just wanted to get a cuckoo’s egg out of the hole for his sister. Terenty shook his head and spat deliberately, but determined to offer help. He came out of the kitchen-garden and began striding down the village street. He walked quickly without stopping or looking around, as though he were pushed roughly from behind or afraid of pursuit. Fyokla could hardly catch him. “Holy, holy, holy…” whispered Fyokla, hurrying after Terenty. They came out of the village and turned along the dusty road towards the Count’s Copse which was about a mile and a half away. The clouds had covered the sun, and soon it grew totally dark. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para. 1: The first rain-drops, big and heavy, fell on Fyokla’s cheek and slid like a tear down her chin. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para. 2: But at last they went into the Count’s Copse. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    The first rain-drops, big and heavy, fell on Fyokla’s cheek and slid like a tear down her chin. She shivered, but her determination to find help for her brother kept her going. The rain began to pour down more heavily. Terenty, however, seemed unaffected by the weather. He continued to stride forward, his eyes fixed on the distant Copse. Fyokla struggled to keep up, her small feet slipping in the mud, but she never let go of Terenty’s coat. The thunder roared, and lightning lit up the sky, which made their travel more frightening. But at last they went into the Count’s Copse. The darkness made it difficult to see. Terenty used his hands to feel his way through the underbrush. They could hear Danilka’s cries for help. Finally, they found him, stuck and trembling, his hand wedged deep in the hole. Terenty knelt down and carefully began to work on freeing Danilka’s hand. Fyokla stood by, her heart pounding, praying for her brother’s safety. After a few tense minutes, Terenty succeeded in pulling Danilka’s hand out. The boy cried out in pain and relief, and Fyokla threw her arms around him, tears of joy streaming down her face. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述小乞丐女孩Fyokla为救手卡在树洞里的弟弟Danilka，冒雨求助于修鞋匠Terenty，两人一同前往树林救援。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句“第一颗又大又重的雨滴落在Fyokla的脸颊上，像眼泪一样顺着她的下巴滑落。”可知，第一段将描写Fyokla和Terenty在暴雨中艰难前行，但Fyokla坚定决心，紧随Terenty。 ②由第二段首句“但最后他们还是进入了Count’s Copse。”可知，第二段将叙述他们进入树林后，Terenty如何找到并解救Danilka，以及Fyokla对此的反应。 2.续写线索：暴雨降临——艰难前行——进入树林——寻找Danilka——解救成功——Fyokla激动 3.词汇激活： 行为类： ①颤抖：shiver/tremble/quiver ②努力跟上：struggle to keep up/make efforts to keep up ③进入：go into/enter 情绪类： ①令人害怕的：frightening/dreadful/terrifying ②高兴：joy/happiness 【点睛】[高分句型1] He continued to stride forward, his eyes fixed on the distant Copse. (运用了独立主格结构作伴随状语) [高分句型2] The thunder roared, and lightning lit up the sky, which made their travel more frightening.(运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型3] Fyokla stood by, her heart pounding, praying for her brother’s safety. (运用了独立主格结构作伴随状语和现在分词短语作伴随状语) 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$