精品解析：北京市顺义牛栏山第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试题

牛栏山一中2024-2025学年度第一学期期中 英语试卷 2024. 11 本试卷共三部分，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分） 第一节 语音辨析（共5小题； 每题1分，共5分） 根据下列单词中划线部分的发音，选出与其他三个发音不同的一个。 1. A. item B. diverse C. worthwhile D. written 2. A. honour B. socialise C. host D. motivation 3. A. illegal B. species C. serious D. extremely 4. A. social B. pressure C. associate D. occasionally 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查字母i的发音。本组单词的音标分别是：A. item /ˈaɪ.təm/; B. diverse /daɪˈvɜːrs/; C. worthwhile /ˌwɜːrθˈwaɪl/; D. written /ˈrɪtn/。可以发现written中的i发音和其它三项不同，故选D项。 【2题详解】 考查字母o的发音。本组单词的音标分别是：A. honour /ˈɒnər/; B. socialise /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.aɪz/; C. host /həʊst/; D. motivation /ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/。可以发现honour中的o发音和其它三项不同，故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查字母e的发音。本组单词的音标分别是：A. illegal /ɪˈliːɡəl/; B. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/; C. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/; D. extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/。可以发现serious中的e发音和其它三项不同，故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查字母c的发音。本组单词的音标分别是：A. social /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/; B. pressure /ˈpreʃ.ər/; C. associate /əˈsəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/; D. occasionally /əˈkeɪ.ʒən.əli/。可以发现occasionally中的c发音和其它三项不同，故选D项。 5. 根据下列单词的重读音节，选出与其他三个发音不同的一个。 A. competitor B. preference C. reality D. recommend 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查重读音节。A. competitor /kəmˈpetɪtə(r)/; B. preference /ˈpref.ər.əns/; C. reality /riˈæl.ə.ti/; D. recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/。可以发现只有preference的重读音节在第一个。故选B。 第二节 完形填空（共10小题；每题1. 5分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 In the tenth grade, my peers gave me a nickname that stuck until graduation: “Dictionary.” It all started the day my teacher announced a national spelling bee competition. Determined to win, I opened my dictionary to learn how to spell every word in English. In a ___6___ attempt to memorize the most words possible, I began reading day and night. During the competition, I misspelled one word. The pain over this defeat was so great that — to this day — I still ___7___ the word: “graffiti.” However, not succeeding in something I invested so much effort in only ___8___ my determination to study harder. Later, my school was participating in a French dictation competition hosted by a nonprofit organization that gives kids in poverty ___9___ to an education. French isn’t my first language, so I ___10___ the books even harder. I spent all my free time studying. In the competition, I scored the highest in my school! I felt so proud. That joy was ___11___ because I knew my victory was also helping children learn to read and write. In the final, I took the fifth place. Although it wasn’t what I had dreamed of, it was quite ___12___! Besides the award, I acquired the ___13___ that I’d use for the rest of my life, such as persistence and critical thinking. And I found that whether we are generating ___14___ for ourselves or for others, we never know what can be the catalyst (催化剂) of a brilliant future. Sometimes, that catalyst can be as ____15____ as a book. 6. A. successful B. fruitless C. lame D. desperate 7. A. repeat B. learn C. prefer D. remember 8. A. showed B. strengthened C. shook D. tested 9. A. access B. freedom C. attention D. devotion 10. A. took B. pulled C. hit D. pressed 11. A. doubled B. spread C. transformed D. obtained 12. A. obvious B. average C. close D. familiar 13. A. rules B. abilities C. methods D. ideas 14. A. interest B. reaction C. power D. change 15. A. simple B. huge C. famous D. useful 【答案】6. D 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想在拼字比赛中获胜，但因拼错一个单词而失败，但之后他更加努力，最终在法语听写决赛中获得名次，而且成功帮助了贫困儿童，他从这段经历中获得了毅力和批判性思维等终身受益的能力。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不顾一切地尝试记住单词，我开始夜以继日地读书。A. successful成功的；B. fruitless无果的；C. lame瘸的，跛的；D. desperate不顾一切的。根据下文“I began reading day and night”可知，作者开始夜以继日地读书，由此可知，他是不顾一切地尝试记住单词。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次失败带来的痛苦是如此巨大，以至于直到今天，我仍然记得那个词：“涂鸦”。A. repeat重复；B. learn学习；C. prefer更喜欢；D. remember记得。根据上文“The pain over this defeat was so great”可知，失败带来的痛苦非常巨大，因此作者是直到今天仍然记得那个词。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，投入了这么多努力却没有成功只增强了我更加努力学习的决心。A. showed展示；B. strengthened增强；C. shook动摇；D. tested测试。根据上文“The pain over this defeat was so great that — to this day — I still ___2___ the word: “graffiti.””和表示转折的“However”可推知，虽然失败带来的痛苦非常巨大，但是作者并没有因此退却，这次经历增强了他更加努力学习的决心。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的学校参加了一个由非营利组织主办的法语听写比赛，该组织旨在为贫困儿童提供受教育的机会。A. access获得的机会；B. freedom自由；C. attention注意；D. devotion奉献。根据上文“a nonprofit organization that gives kids in poverty”和下文“to an education”可推知，该非营利组织应该是做慈善，为贫困儿童提供受教育的机会。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：法语不是我的第一语言，所以我更加用功学习。A. took拿；B. pulled拉；C. hit击打；D. pressed压。根据下文“I spent all my free time studying.”可知，作者把所有的空闲时间都用来学习了，由此可知，他更加用功学习，短语hit the books意为“用功学习”。故选C。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的喜悦倍增，因为我知道我的胜利也帮助了孩子们学习阅读和写作。A. doubled加倍；B. spread传播；C. transformed转变；D. obtained获得。根据下文“because I knew my victory was also helping children learn to read and write”可知，作者的胜利也帮助了孩子们学习阅读和写作，由此可知，他获奖的喜悦倍增。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这不是我所梦想的，但也很接近了！A. obvious明显的；B. average平均的；C. close近的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文“In the final, I took the fifth place.”可知，作者决赛中获得了第五名，由此可知，这离梦想的第一名很接近。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了这个奖项之外，我还获得了一些让我终身受益的能力，比如毅力和批判性思维。A. rules规则；B. abilities能力；C. methods方法；D. ideas想法。根据下文“such as persistence and critical thinking”可知，毅力和批判性思维属于让人终身受益的能力。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，无论我们是在为自己还是为他人创造改变，我们永远不知道什么是光辉未来的催化剂。A. interest兴趣；B. reaction反应；C. power力量；D. change改变。根据上文“because I knew my victory was also helping children learn to read and write”和“Besides the award, I acquired the ___8___ that I’d use for the rest of my life, such as persistence and critical thinking.”可知，作者的胜利帮助了孩子们学习阅读和写作，他自己也获得了毅力和批判性思维，这些都是这次经历带来的改变。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，这种催化剂就像一本书一样简单。A. simple简单的；B. huge巨大的；C. famous著名的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“we never know what can be the catalyst (催化剂) of a brilliant future”可知，作者是在讨论当前的付出对未来的巨大作用，结合他通过努力记单词，用功读书而取得优异名次，帮助了贫困的孩子，也让自己受益匪浅可推知，对于光辉未来的催化剂可能就像一本书一样简单。故选A。 第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time ___16___ (complain) that she needed to charge her phone. When it was charged, she just kept reading about her favorite popstar for hours; not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. ___17___ is really worrying is that no one I know, including ___18___ (I), could go cold turkey. I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week — think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss! 【答案】16. complaining 17. What 18. myself 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了作者观察到妹妹在家庭度假中沉迷于手机和社交网络，忽视了周围的自然美景，并反思了自己和其他人难以戒掉社交网络的习惯。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：去年夏天，在一次家庭度假中，我妹妹一直在抱怨她需要给手机充电。短语spend time (in) doing意为“花时间做某事”，空处应用complain“抱怨”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填complaining。 【17题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：真正令人担忧的是，我认识的人，包括我自己在内，没有人能突然戒掉。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填What。 【18题详解】 考查代词。句意：真正令人担忧的是，我认识的人，包括我自己在内，没有人能突然戒掉。空处作including的宾语，结合“no one I know”可知，此处强调自己也在内，应用反身代词myself表示强调。故填myself。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 What can you do with your unwanted T-shirts? From plain to graphics, and mini skirts to dresses, there are plenty of ___19___ (opportunity) for you to upcycle (升级改造) old T-shirts into new clothes. It’s extremely rewarding ___20___ (bring) new life to old clothes. Simple changes and classic reconstructions go a long way. As a result, you are able to turn an old T-shirt ___21___ a brand new stylish look for you to wear. 【答案】19. opportunities 20. to bring 21. into 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文，介绍了如何将不需要的旧衣服改造成新衣服的方法。 【19题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：从纯色到图案，从迷你裙到连衣裙，你有很多机会将旧T恤升级改造成新衣服。根据空格前的“plenty of”可知，此处需要填入名词的复数形式。提示词“opportunity”意为“机会”，其复数形式为opportunities。故答案是opportunities。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：给旧衣服带来新生命是非常有意义的事情。根据空格前的“It’s extremely rewarding”可知，此处需要填入动词不定式形式，构成“it is + 形容词 + to do”结构，表示“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。提示词“bring”意为“带来”。故答案是to bring。 【21题详解】 考查介词。句意：因此，你能够将一件旧T恤变成一个全新的时尚外观，让你穿着。根据空格后的“a brand new stylish look”可知，此处需要填入介词into，构成“turn ... into ...”结构，表示“将……变成……”。故答案是into。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Last year, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed hotel only to realize that I ___22___ (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an ___23___ (energy) voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up. ” Two minutes later, I opened my door, discovering an object resembling a trash can on wheels, ___24___ (equip) with a lid (盖子), a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, ___25___ later responded, “Wow, so cool! ” 【答案】22. had forgotten 23. energetic 24. equipped 25. who 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在酒店，机器人给他送货的经历。 【22题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：去年，我在一家新建的旅馆里打开行李，才发现我忘带牙膏了。forget“忘记”这一动作发生在unpacked之前，that引导的宾语从句时态应用过去完成时。故填had forgotten。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我打电话给客房服务，一个精力充沛的声音回应道：“马上有人送来。”本空用形容词energetic“精力充沛的”，修饰名词voice，作定语。故填energetic。 【24题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：两分钟后，我打开门，发现一个像带轮子的垃圾桶一样的物体，上面装有一个盖子、一个大按钮和一个小数字屏幕。本句谓语为opened，此处为非谓语动词，且动词equip“配备，装备”与逻辑主语an object构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词equipped表示被动，作后置定语。故填equipped。 【25题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一张照片，发送给一个朋友，他后来回复说：“哇，太酷了！”此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a friend，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 第二部分 阅读理解（共二节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 26. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 27. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 28. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 【答案】26. C 27. B 28. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。 B The Come-back Coffeehouse The sign in the window read “Carl’s Coffee Shoppe,” spelled the old-fashioned way. Hallie shook her head and wondered how many times she had suggested an alternative. She entered the shop and saw only one person. “I could help with the books, Dad”, Hallie offered, “There’s not much you could do.” Her father sighed, “How about if you clean the counters instead?” His statement made her feel like a little girl instead of a senior in high school. Hallie sprayed some cleanser and ran a cloth over the worn countertops. After she had washed a few of the old eggshell-colored cups, she began her homework. At closing time, Hallie’s parents sat beside her. “You know the shop has not been profitable lately,” Mr. Rhodes began. “We need to decide if it is even worth keeping it open.” “We’re going to visit Uncle Harold over spring vacation.” Mrs, Rhodes continued. “He can look over the books and tell us what our options are. You and Aunt Tess will run the shop for the week.” By spring vacation Hallie was ready for an adventure. Hllie’s parents gave some instructions, and said good-bye. Hallie stared absently out the window at the passersby: young people on their way to work, and kids on their school vacation. They were not the same people that her grandpa Carl had served. Suddenly Hallie had an idea. She confided in Aunt Tess, who approved. The two eagerly set to work. At the end of the week, Hallie was coming out from the kitchen when she saw her parents standing in the shop, confused. She smiled as her parents stared at the teens around the counter and the young families seated at the tables. “Welcome back!” Hallie swept her arms to present the restaurant’s cheerful new decoration. Bright, attractive coverings spread over the tables, and modern posters hung on the walls, while, colorful mismatched dishes contributed to the pleasant atmosphere. “I brought board games from home,” Hallie added excitedly, “and the bookstore down the street donated the posters. When we talked to our friends about what we were doing, they were happy to give us some dishes.” Hallie held her breath as she waited for her parents’ reaction. “Everyone certainly seems to like the changes,” noted Mrs. Rhodes. “Speaking of changes,” Mr. Rhodes said, “I see our name has changed, too.” “Do you mind? I changed our name to ‘Come-Back Coffeehouse’ to make the shop sound welcoming, as in ‘Please come back again’...” A smile spread across her father’s face. “The new name is fitting. Thanks to you, this place certainly has made a comeback!” 29. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? A. Hallie trusted Aunt Tess very much. B. Hallie took charge of the books for her parents. C. Hallie's parents didn't take her opinions seriously. D. Hallie's parents didn't count on the shop for a living. 30. What do we learn about “Carl’s Coffee Shoppe”? A. It is behind the times. B. It has regular customers. C. It is located on a quiet street. D. It follows family traditions well. 31. What did Hallie do after her parents left? A. She advertised for the shop. B. She made the shop more attractive. C. She invited her friends to the shop. D. She turned the shop into an activity center. 32. What kind of girl in Hallie? A. Smart and helpful. B. Modest and out-going. C. Optimistic and generous. D. Faithful and hardworking. 【答案】29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了女孩Hallie 家的咖啡店原本经营不善，后来在Hallie 的帮助下，生意逐渐好转的故事。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段““I could help with the books, Dad”, Hallie offered, “There’s not much you could do.” Her father sighed, “How about if you clean the counters instead?”(“爸爸，我可以帮你拿书，”哈莉说，她的父亲叹息道：“你帮不上什么忙。不如你把柜台打扫一下吧？”)”可推知，哈莉的父母没有认真对待她的意见。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The sign in the window read “Carl’s Coffee Shoppe,” spelled the old-fashioned way. Hallie shook her head and wondered how many times she had suggested an alternative.(橱窗里的牌子上写着“卡尔咖啡专柜”，用老式的拼写法。哈莉摇摇头，不知道自己已经建议过多少次了)”以及第三段中“They were not the same people that her grandpa Carl had served. (他们不是她爷爷卡尔服务过的人)”可推知，Carl’s Coffee Shoppe已经过时了。故选A。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Bright, attractive coverings spread over the tables, and modern posters hung on the walls, while, colorful mismatched dishes contributed to the pleasant atmosphere.(明亮、吸引人的桌布铺在桌子上，墙上挂着现代感十足的海报，同时，五颜六色的错落有致的菜肴也促成了这种愉快的气氛)”可知， Hallie 趁父母不在的时候，对咖啡店做了一系列的改变。故选B。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。文章讲述了Hallie 在父母离开后，通过观察，发现她家的咖啡店不符合年轻人的审美，于是在装修上做出了一系列的改变，使得咖啡店的生意好转，可知Hallie 很聪明，而且对生意很有帮助。故选A。 C There is such a thing as a free lunch, it turns out, as long as you don’t mind too much what it is. Tamara Wilson found hers a few streets away from her west London home — and as well as picking up some unwanted bread and fruit that would otherwise be thrown away, she made a new friend. Wilson is one of 3.4 million people around the world using an app designed to encourage people to give away rather than throw away surplus (剩余的) food. “It’s such a small thing, but it makes me feel good and my neighbour feel good. And a lot of small acts can end up making a big difference,” she said. The last few years have seen an explosion in creative ways to tackle food waste by linking supermarkets, cafes, restaurants and individual households to local communities. Olio, the app used by Wilson, saw a fivefold increase in listings during 2022, and the signs are that this rapid growth is continuing into 2023, said Tessa Clarke, its CEO and co-founder. About a third of all food produced globally is wasted, according to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Almost 1.4 billion hectares of land — close to 30% of the world’s agricultural land — is dedicated to producing food that is never eaten, and the carbon footprint of food wastage makes it the third contributor of CO2. Reducing food waste is one of the most effective ways of tackling the global climate crisis. Olio, Clarke said, was an attempt to change this on a small, local scale. “The app connects people with others who have surplus food but don’t have anyone to give it to because so many people are disconnected from their communities.” Users of Olio post images of surplus food that others in the neighbourhood might want. Olio also has a network of 24,000 volunteers who collect surplus food from local supermarkets and stores for app users to claim. Despite the success of the app, it was hard to make a difference to the huge scale of food waste, Clarke added. “Even though we’re doing well, we’ve only scratched the surface (触及表面). But if everyone makes small changes in the world, we’d dramatically reduce the amount of food that ends up in bins (垃圾桶).” 33. What does the author want to show by telling Wilson’s story? A. People tend to use apps to order food. B. People prefer to make friends on apps. C. People find a high-tech fix to food waste. D. People show more concern for each other. 34. What’s the consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Global warming. B. Loss of land. C. World hunger. D. Poverty and inequality. 35. What does Olio do to help tackle food waste? A. It sells surplus food to those in need. B. It allows volunteers to stay connected. C. It provides a platform for people to promote food. D. It fills the information gap between green communities. 36. What does Clarke think of the work on reducing food waste globally? A. It is a great success. B. It requires joint efforts. C. It is beyond human power. D. It has won public support. 【答案】33. C 34. A 35. D 36. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款名为Olio的App，该应用程序主要是将有多余食物的人与需要食物的人在社区中联系起来，充分的利用过度生产未被使用的食物，减少浪费。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wilson is one of 3.4 million people around the world using an app designed to encourage people to give away rather than throw away surplus (剩余的) food. (威尔逊是全球340万使用该应用程序的人之一，该应用程序旨在鼓励人们放弃而不是扔掉多余的食物。)”可知，威尔逊使用应用程序来捡到一些面包和水果之外，还交了一个新朋友，即通过她的故事展示人们找到了解决食物浪费的高科技方法。故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Almost 1.4 billion hectares of land — close to 30% of the world’s agricultural land — is dedicated to producing food that is never eaten, and the carbon footprint of food wastage makes it the third contributor of CO2. Reducing food waste is one of the most effective ways of tackling the global climate crisis.( 近14亿公顷土地(接近世界农业用地的30%)用于生产从未食用的食物，而食物浪费的碳足迹使其成为二氧化碳的第三个来源。减少食物浪费是应对全球气候危机最有效的方法之一。)”可知，过度的未食用食物的生产会导致增加碳排放，由此造成全球气候危机即全球变暖。故选A。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The app connects people with others who have surplus food but don’t have anyone to give it to because so many people are disconnected from their communities.( 这款应用程序将人们与其他有多余食物但没有人可以施舍的人联系起来，因为很多人与他们的社区脱节。)”可知，Olio作为一款app其主要是将有多余食物的人与需要食物的人在社区中联系起来，充分的利用过度生产未被使用的食物，减少浪费。由此该应用程序填补了绿色社区之间的信息鸿沟。故选D。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But if everyone makes small changes in the world, we’d dramatically reduce the amount of food that ends up in bins (但如果每个人都能对这个世界做出小小的改变，我们就能大幅减少垃圾桶里的食物数量。)”可知，Clarke认为减少食物浪费需要每个人的努力付出，即需要共同努力。故选B。 D Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on＂ new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂ within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. 37. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Neutral. 38. The underlined word ＂passage＂ in Paragraph 2 means___________. A. change B. choice C. text D. extension 39. According to the author, what role should college play? A. To develop a shared identity among students. B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior. C To provide a safe world without tension for students. D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development. 40. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】37. B 38. A 39. D 40. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是大学生自主性和成人身份认同的相关情况。最近二十年来的大学生比以往任何时候依赖于家庭，对自己应付的社会责任感下降，所以大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展和自我规范的重要性。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.可知，大学时代应该是自主发展和准备成为成年人的重要时期。然而，现在他们正成为一个青春期的延长期，在这期间，当今的学生没有承担成年人的责任。作者认为，大学不应该成为孩子们依赖的“家”，故判断出作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子。故选B。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，从受家庭的庇护到有自主性和肩负成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故判断出划线词的意思是“改变”的意思。故选A。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. 智力的增长和灵活性是通过严格的辩论和提问培养出来的。根据最后一段Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. 每一个大学关于社区价值观、社会气氛和行为的讨论，都应该包括对学生自主和自我调节的发展重要性的认识，以及对安全和自我发现之间必要的张力的认识。由此判断出，根据作者，大学应该扮演培养学生的智力和个人发展的角色。故选D。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。通读全篇可知，第一段提出论点，大学发展应该是大学时代应该是自主发展和准备成为成年人的重要时期，但现在他们正成为一个青春期的延长期，当今的学生没有承担成年人的责任。第二段分析其原因，目前这一代人，大学阶段本应该是独立阶段，而父母包办过多。第三，四段从学校和个人角度如何培养责任感和社交能力。第五，六段是三四段的延伸。最后一段呼吁大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展和自我规范的重要性。结合选项，故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） The teenage years are probably the most unsettled and stressful years in a person’s life. Teens experience significant physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes. And teens of today face more challenges as they go through more uncertain times of the 21st century. ____41____ As teens experience massive physical, social and emotional changes, the challenges are managing social expectations of ideal body images, developing their identity and finding their place in the world. In the past, a teen who was criticized for his or her larger figure or pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in school. ____42____ Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends. The Wall Street Journal reported that Instagram made body images worse for one in three teenage girls. ____43____ Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments. These can be made publicly on a teen’s social media account. ____44____ As a result, cyber bullying can be more threatening than traditional bullying because it can be shared and viewed repeatedly on social media. In this age of social media, it is also important for teens to learn to cultivate positive, and healthy relationships with people. There have been many discussions about new technologies and ways of working, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, which will impact future jobs. ____45____. Unlike in the past, the situation is different today as AI and automation are causing some jobs to disappear. Teens will have to meet this challenge by adopting an attitude of lifelong learning, and keeping paces with technology. A. They can also be spread quickly by sharing with others. B. Furthermore social media has taken bullying to a new level. C. The future has always been a dreamland for teens to anticipate. D. Today, these same sufferings can be expanded by social media. E. Social media, and technological advances are posing new challenges. F. Additionally, social media is a strong tool for a teen to defend himself. G. The challenge for a teen today is preparing for a largely unknown future. 【答案】41. E 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年时期可能是一个人一生中最不安、压力最大的时期。青少年经历了重大的身体、情感、社会和认知变化。今天的青少年面临着更多的挑战，因为他们经历了21世纪更多的不确定时期。 【41题详解】 根据上文“Teens experience significant physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes. And teens of today face more challenges as they go through more uncertain times of the 21st century.(青少年经历了重大的身体、情感、社会和认知变化。今天的青少年面临着更多的挑战，因为他们经历了21世纪更多的不确定时期)”及下文“Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流)”和“Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebook、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感上的言论)”可知，E. Social media, and technological advances are posing new challenges.(社交媒体和技术进步带来了新的挑战)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 【42题详解】 根据上文“In the past, a teen who was criticized for his or her larger figure or pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in school.(在过去，一个青少年如果因为他或她的身材大或脸上有粉刺而被批评，在学校里可能会感到尴尬和沮丧)”可知，此处讲述过去青少年在学校遇到的挑战。由此可知，D. Today, these same sufferings can be expanded by social media.(今天，同样的痛苦可以通过社交媒体扩大)能够衔接上文，形成今昔对比，同时引起下文“Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流)”，符合语境。故选D。 【43题详解】 根据上文“Constant comparison and endless posts of picture- perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends. The Wall Street Journal reported that Instagram made body images worse for one in three teenage girls.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流。《华尔街日报》报道称，Instagram让三分之一的少女的身体形象变得更糟)”可知，社交媒体给青少年带来很大的压力。再根据下文“Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebook、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感上的言论)”可知，B. Furthermore, social media has taken bullying to a new level.(此外，社交媒体将欺凌行为推向了一个新的高度)能够承上启下，继续讲述社交媒体带来的负面影响，同时引出欺凌行为的话题，符合语境。故选B。 【44题详解】 根据上文“Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments. These can be made publicly on a teen’s social media account.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebook、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感创伤评论。这些可以在青少年的社交媒体账户上公开发布)”可知，网络欺凌者在社交媒体账户上公开发布情感创伤评论。由此可知，A. They can also be spread quickly by sharing with others.(它们也可以通过与他人分享而迅速传播)能够衔接上文，其中选项中的They指代上文中的emotionally scarring comments，符合语境。故选A。 【45题详解】 根据上文“There have been many discussions about new technologies and ways of working, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, which will impact future jobs.(关于新技术和工作方式的讨论很多，比如人工智能(AI)和自动化，这将影响未来的工作)”可知，此处指出新技术和工作方式将影响未来的工作。根据下文“Unlike in the past, the situation is different today as AI and automation are causing some jobs to disappear. Teens will have to meet this challenge by adopting an attitude of lifelong learning, and keeping paces with technology.(与过去不同，随着人工智能和自动化导致一些工作岗位消失，今天的情况有所不同。青少年必须采取终身学习的态度，跟上科技的步伐，以迎接这一挑战)”可知，此处提出了青少年应该怎样迎接新挑战。由此可知，G. The challenge for a teen today is preparing for a largely unknown future.(当今青少年面临的挑战是为一个基本上未知的未来做准备)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用（共二节，30分） 第一节 词汇运用（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） A 根据所给汉语及首字母提示，用单词的正确形式完成下面句子。 46. I often felt sleepy and dizzy and l__________ (缺乏) passion. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】lacked##acked 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：我经常感到困倦、头晕，缺乏激情。本空用动词lack“缺乏”，根据空前的felt可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式lacked，与空前的felt并列。故填lacked。 47. If kids are d__________ (精力无法集中的) all day long, in and out of school, they may never learn to think deeply. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】distracted##istracted 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果孩子们整天在学校内外分心，他们可能永远不会学会深入思考。结合首字母提示可知，“精力无法集中的”应用形容词distracted，作表语。故填distracted。 48. I have no i__________ (打算) of changing my plans just to fit in with his. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】intention##ntention 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我不打算仅为了迎合他的计划而改变我的计划。结合首字母提示可知，“打算”应用名词intention，作have的宾语，短语have no intention of doing意为“没有打算做某事”。故填intention。 49. The final d__________ (截止日期) for submissions is 1 September. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】deadline##eadline 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：提交的最后截止日期为9月1日。结合首字母提示可知，“截止日期”应用名词deadline，作主语，结合“is”可知，deadline应用单数形式。故填deadline。 50. Beijing’s Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuanming Yuan, d__________ (毁掉) in the Second Drug War. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】was destroyed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：北京圆明园在第二次鸦片战争中被毁。结合首字母提示可知，“毁掉”应用动词destroy，根据“in the Second Drug War”可知，时态应用一般过去时，destroy和主语Beijing’s Old Summer Palace之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数名词，be动词应用was。故填was destroyed。 51. (Bruno) “You’re not a doctor.”... Pavel stopped peeling the carrots for a moment and looked across the table at Bruno, his head held low, his eyes looking up, as if he were wondering what to say to such a thing. He sighed and seemed to consider it for quite a long time before saying, “Yes, I am.”... “But I don’t understand,” said Bruno, wanting to get to the b__________ of this (打破沙锅问到底), “If you’re a doctor, then why are you waiting on tables? Why aren’t you working at a hospital somewhere?” (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】bottom##ottom 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：（Bruno）“你不是医生。”…… Pavel停了一会儿，不再削胡萝卜，看了看桌子对面的Bruno，他低着头，眼睛向上看，好像在想该对这种事说什么。他叹了口气，似乎考虑了很久才说：“是的，我是。”……“但我不明白，”Bruno说，他想打破沙锅问到底，“如果你是医生，那你为什么还要在餐厅当服务员？你为什么不在医院的某个地方工作呢？”本空用名词bottom“底部，……的尽头”，作get to的宾语。固定短语get to the bottom of意为“弄清……底细，打破沙锅问到底”。故填bottom。 阅读下面的短文，根据其大意，从方框中选择适当的词，用其正确形式填空。其中有四项为多余选项。 stimulation handle threat delay dominate obsess over lead to be to blame The _____52_____ of climate change is a pressing issue that requires urgent action. Climate risks, critical changes to Earth's systems, and biodiversity loss, are among the top global challenges. In the longer term, climate-related hazards and disasters may _____53_____ the top 10 risks that global populations will face. These risks are interconnected and can _____54_____ a series of consequences, emphasizing the need for collective efforts to _____55_____ climate crisis and protect the planet. 【答案】52. threat 53. dominate 54. lead to 55. handle 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了气候变化的紧迫性、可能带来的风险和后果，以及需要采取的集体行动来应对气候危机。 【52题详解】 考查名词。句意：气候变化的威胁是一个迫切需要采取行动的问题。根据空格前的冠词“the”，可以判断需要填入一个名词。再结合句意，气候变化应该是一个“威胁”，故填threat。 【53题详解】 考查动词。句意：从长远来看，与气候相关的灾害和灾难可能主导全球人口面临的前10大风险。根据空格前的“may”，可以判断需要填入一个动词原形。再结合空格后的和空格后的“the top 10 risks”判断，气候灾害应该是作为10大风险中比较严重的一类，也就是“主导”了各类风险，故填dominate。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这些风险是相互关联的，可能会引发一系列后果，这强调了需要集体努力来应对气候危机和保护地球。根据空格前的“can”和空格后的“a series of consequences”，可以判断需要填入一个动词原形，并且是“引发”了一系列的严重后果。故填lead to。 【55题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些风险是相互关联的，可能会引发一系列后果，这强调了需要集体努力来应对气候危机和保护地球。根据空格后的“climate crisis and protect the planet”，可以判断需要填入一个动词原形和to构成不定式来表示“处理”，这样可以和crisis形成搭配。故填handle。 第二节 书面表达（20分） 56. 假设你是红星中学高二（1）班班长李华。你打算邀请心理专家Mr. Jenkins为你们班做一次关于人际关系的讲座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 建议讲座的内容及其原因； 2. 其他相关事宜。 Dear Mr Jenkins, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully. Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Mr Jenkins, I’m Li Hua, the monitor of Class 1, Grade 2 in Hongxing High School. I’m writing to invite you to give us a talk about how to improve our interpersonal relationships. We often have trouble getting along with others and we really need your help. That’s why we hope you can share your expert advice with us. The talk will be held in our classroom next Monday afternoon. We’ll prepare some questions for you to answer. Could you please let us know if you can make it? We’ll be very grateful if you can come. Thank you for your time and consideration. We’re looking forward to your reply. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，向心理专家Mr. Jenkins发送一封邀请函，邀请他为红星中学高二（1）班做一次关于人际关系的讲座，并说明讲座的具体内容、原因及相关安排。 【详解】1.词汇积累 改善：improve → enhance 麻烦：trouble → difficulty 帮助：help → assistance 感激的：grateful → appreciative 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m Li Hua, the monitor of Class 1, Grade 2 in Hongxing High School. 拓展句：I’m Li Hua, who is the monitor of Class 1, Grade 2 in Hongxing High School. 【点睛】【高分句型1】That’s why we hope you can share your expert advice with us. (运用了why引导的表语从句和省略that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】We’ll be very grateful if you can come. (运用了if引导条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 牛栏山一中2024-2025学年度第一学期期中 英语试卷 2024. 11 本试卷共三部分，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分） 第一节 语音辨析（共5小题； 每题1分，共5分） 根据下列单词中划线部分的发音，选出与其他三个发音不同的一个。 1. A. item B. diverse C. worthwhile D. written 2 A. honour B. socialise C. host D. motivation 3. A. illegal B. species C. serious D. extremely 4. A. social B. pressure C. associate D. occasionally 5. 根据下列单词的重读音节，选出与其他三个发音不同的一个。 A. competitor B. preference C. reality D. recommend 第二节 完形填空（共10小题；每题1. 5分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 In the tenth grade, my peers gave me a nickname that stuck until graduation: “Dictionary.” It all started the day my teacher announced a national spelling bee competition. Determined to win, I opened my dictionary to learn how to spell every word in English. In a ___6___ attempt to memorize the most words possible, I began reading day and night. During the competition, I misspelled one word. The pain over this defeat was so great that — to this day — I still ___7___ the word: “graffiti.” However, not succeeding in something I invested so much effort in only ___8___ my determination to study harder. Later, my school was participating in a French dictation competition hosted by a nonprofit organization that gives kids in poverty ___9___ to an education. French isn’t my first language, so I ___10___ the books even harder. I spent all my free time studying. In the competition, I scored the highest in my school! I felt so proud. That joy was ___11___ because I knew my victory was also helping children learn to read and write. In the final, I took the fifth place. Although it wasn’t what I had dreamed of, it was quite ___12___! Besides the award, I acquired the ___13___ that I’d use for the rest of my life, such as persistence and critical thinking. And I found that whether we are generating ___14___ for ourselves or for others, we never know what can be the catalyst (催化剂) of a brilliant future. Sometimes, that catalyst can be as ____15____ as a book. 6. A. successful B. fruitless C. lame D. desperate 7. A. repeat B. learn C. prefer D. remember 8. A. showed B. strengthened C. shook D. tested 9. A. access B. freedom C. attention D. devotion 10. A. took B. pulled C. hit D. pressed 11. A. doubled B. spread C. transformed D. obtained 12. A. obvious B. average C. close D. familiar 13. A. rules B. abilities C. methods D. ideas 14. A. interest B. reaction C. power D. change 15. A. simple B. huge C. famous D. useful 第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On a family holiday last summer my sister spent all her time ___16___ (complain) that she needed to charge her phone. When it was charged, she just kept reading about her favorite popstar for hours; not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. ___17___ is really worrying is that no one I know, including ___18___ (I), could go cold turkey. I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week — think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss! B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 What can you do with your unwanted T-shirts? From plain to graphics, and mini skirts to dresses, there are plenty of ___19___ (opportunity) for you to upcycle (升级改造) old T-shirts into new clothes. It’s extremely rewarding ___20___ (bring) new life to old clothes. Simple changes and classic reconstructions go a long way. As a result, you are able to turn an old T-shirt ___21___ a brand new stylish look for you to wear. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Last year, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed hotel only to realize that I ___22___ (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an ___23___ (energy) voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up. ” Two minutes later, I opened my door, discovering an object resembling a trash can on wheels, ___24___ (equip) with a lid (盖子), a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, ___25___ later responded, “Wow, so cool! ” 第二部分 阅读理解（共二节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 26. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 27. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 28. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. B The Come-back Coffeehouse The sign in the window read “Carl’s Coffee Shoppe,” spelled the old-fashioned way. Hallie shook her head and wondered how many times she had suggested an alternative. She entered the shop and saw only one person. “I could help with the books, Dad”, Hallie offered, “There’s not much you could do.” Her father sighed, “How about if you clean the counters instead?” His statement made her feel like a little girl instead of a senior in high school. Hallie sprayed some cleanser and ran a cloth over the worn countertops. After she had washed a few of the old eggshell-colored cups, she began her homework. At closing time, Hallie’s parents sat beside her. “You know the shop has not been profitable lately,” Mr. Rhodes began. “We need to decide if it is even worth keeping it open.” “We’re going to visit Uncle Harold over spring vacation.” Mrs, Rhodes continued. “He can look over the books and tell us what our options are. You and Aunt Tess will run the shop for the week.” By spring vacation Hallie was ready for an adventure. Hllie’s parents gave some instructions, and said good-bye. Hallie stared absently out the window at the passersby: young people on their way to work, and kids on their school vacation. They were not the same people that her grandpa Carl had served. Suddenly Hallie had an idea. She confided in Aunt Tess, who approved. The two eagerly set to work. At the end of the week, Hallie was coming out from the kitchen when she saw her parents standing in the shop, confused. She smiled as her parents stared at the teens around the counter and the young families seated at the tables. “Welcome back!” Hallie swept her arms to present the restaurant’s cheerful new decoration. Bright, attractive coverings spread over the tables, and modern posters hung on the walls, while, colorful mismatched dishes contributed to the pleasant atmosphere. “I brought board games from home,” Hallie added excitedly, “and the bookstore down the street donated the posters. When we talked to our friends about what we were doing, they were happy to give us some dishes.” Hallie held her breath as she waited for her parents’ reaction. “Everyone certainly seems to like the changes,” noted Mrs. Rhodes. “Speaking of changes,” Mr. Rhodes said, “I see our name has changed, too.” “Do you mind? I changed our name to ‘Come-Back Coffeehouse’ to make the shop sound welcoming as in ‘Please come back again’...” A smile spread across her father’s face. “The new name is fitting. Thanks to you, this place certainly has made a comeback!” 29. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? A. Hallie trusted Aunt Tess very much. B. Hallie took charge of the books for her parents. C. Hallie's parents didn't take her opinions seriously. D. Hallie's parents didn't count on the shop for a living. 30. What do we learn about “Carl’s Coffee Shoppe”? A. It is behind the times. B. It has regular customers. C. It is located on a quiet street. D. It follows family traditions well. 31. What did Hallie do after her parents left? A. She advertised for the shop. B. She made the shop more attractive. C. She invited her friends to the shop. D. She turned the shop into an activity center. 32. What kind of girl in Hallie? A. Smart and helpful. B. Modest and out-going. C. Optimistic and generous. D. Faithful and hardworking. C There is such a thing as a free lunch, it turns out, as long as you don’t mind too much what it is. Tamara Wilson found hers a few streets away from her west London home — and as well as picking up some unwanted bread and fruit that would otherwise be thrown away, she made a new friend. Wilson is one of 3.4 million people around the world using an app designed to encourage people to give away rather than throw away surplus (剩余的) food. “It’s such a small thing, but it makes me feel good and my neighbour feel good. And a lot of small acts can end up making a big difference,” she said. The last few years have seen an explosion in creative ways to tackle food waste by linking supermarkets, cafes, restaurants and individual households to local communities. Olio, the app used by Wilson, saw a fivefold increase in listings during 2022, and the signs are that this rapid growth is continuing into 2023, said Tessa Clarke, its CEO and co-founder. About a third of all food produced globally is wasted according to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Almost 1.4 billion hectares of land — close to 30% of the world’s agricultural land — is dedicated to producing food that is never eaten, and the carbon footprint of food wastage makes it the third contributor of CO2. Reducing food waste is one of the most effective ways of tackling the global climate crisis. Olio, Clarke said, was an attempt to change this on a small, local scale. “The app connects people with others who have surplus food but don’t have anyone to give it to because so many people are disconnected from their communities.” Users of Olio post images of surplus food that others in the neighbourhood might want. Olio also has a network of 24,000 volunteers who collect surplus food from local supermarkets and stores for app users to claim. Despite the success of the app, it was hard to make a difference to the huge scale of food waste, Clarke added. “Even though we’re doing well, we’ve only scratched the surface (触及表面). But if everyone makes small changes in the world, we’d dramatically reduce the amount of food that ends up in bins (垃圾桶).” 33. What does the author want to show by telling Wilson’s story? A. People tend to use apps to order food. B. People prefer to make friends on apps. C. People find a high-tech fix to food waste. D. People show more concern for each other. 34. What’s the consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Global warming. B. Loss of land. C. World hunger. D. Poverty and inequality. 35. What does Olio do to help tackle food waste? A. It sells surplus food to those in need. B. It allows volunteers to stay connected. C. It provides a platform for people to promote food. D. It fills the information gap between green communities. 36. What does Clarke think of the work on reducing food waste globally? A. It is a great success. B. It requires joint efforts. C. It is beyond human power. D. It has won public support. D Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on＂ new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂ within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. 37. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Neutral. 38. The underlined word ＂passage＂ in Paragraph 2 means___________. A. change B. choice C. text D. extension 39. According to the author, what role should college play? A. To develop a shared identity among students. B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior. C. To provide a safe world without tension for students. D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development. 40. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? A. B. C. D. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） The teenage years are probably the most unsettled and stressful years in a person’s life. Teens experience significant physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes. And teens of today face more challenges as they go through more uncertain times of the 21st century. ____41____ As teens experience massive physical, social and emotional changes, the challenges are managing social expectations of ideal body images, developing their identity and finding their place in the world. In the past, a teen who was criticized for his or her larger figure or pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in school. ____42____ Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends. The Wall Street Journal reported that Instagram made body images worse for one in three teenage girls. ____43____ Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments. These can be made publicly on a teen’s social media account. ____44____ As a result, cyber bullying can be more threatening than traditional bullying because it can be shared and viewed repeatedly on social media. In this age of social media, it is also important for teens to learn to cultivate positive, and healthy relationships with people. There have been many discussions about new technologies and ways of working, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, which will impact future jobs. ____45____. Unlike in the past, the situation is different today as AI and automation are causing some jobs to disappear. Teens will have to meet this challenge by adopting an attitude of lifelong learning, and keeping paces with technology. A. They can also be spread quickly by sharing with others. B. Furthermore, social media has taken bullying to a new level. C. The future has always been a dreamland for teens to anticipate. D. Today, these same sufferings can be expanded by social media. E. Social media, and technological advances are posing new challenges. F. Additionally, social media is a strong tool for a teen to defend himself. G. The challenge for a teen today is preparing for a largely unknown future. 第三部分 语言运用（共二节，30分） 第一节 词汇运用（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） A 根据所给汉语及首字母提示，用单词的正确形式完成下面句子。 46. I often felt sleepy and dizzy and l__________ (缺乏) passion. (根据中英文提示填空) 47. If kids are d__________ (精力无法集中的) all day long, in and out of school, they may never learn to think deeply. (根据中英文提示填空) 48. I have no i__________ (打算) of changing my plans just to fit in with his. (根据中英文提示填空) 49. The final d__________ (截止日期) for submissions is 1 September. (根据中英文提示填空) 50. Beijing’s Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuanming Yuan, d__________ (毁掉) in the Second Drug War. (根据中英文提示填空) 51. (Bruno) “You’re not a doctor.”... Pavel stopped peeling the carrots for a moment and looked across the table at Bruno, his head held low, his eyes looking up, as if he were wondering what to say to such a thing. He sighed and seemed to consider it for quite a long time before saying, “Yes, I am.”... “But I don’t understand,” said Bruno, wanting to get to the b__________ of this (打破沙锅问到底), “If you’re a doctor, then why are you waiting on tables? Why aren’t you working at a hospital somewhere?” (根据中英文提示填空) 阅读下面短文，根据其大意，从方框中选择适当的词，用其正确形式填空。其中有四项为多余选项。 stimulation handle threat delay dominate obsess over lead to be to blame The _____52_____ of climate change is a pressing issue that requires urgent action. Climate risks, critical changes to Earth's systems, and biodiversity loss, are among the top global challenges. In the longer term, climate-related hazards and disasters may _____53_____ the top 10 risks that global populations will face. These risks are interconnected and can _____54_____ a series of consequences, emphasizing the need for collective efforts to _____55_____ climate crisis and protect the planet. 第二节 书面表达（20分） 56. 假设你是红星中学高二（1）班班长李华。你打算邀请心理专家Mr. Jenkins为你们班做一次关于人际关系的讲座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 建议讲座的内容及其原因； 2. 其他相关事宜。 Dear Mr Jenkins, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully. Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$