专题04 阅读理解（二）20篇【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题04 阅读理解（二）20篇 Passage 01 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中）Tree rings, which serve as a record of the tree’s growth, play an important part in researching the climate and environment for scientists. A study in the scientific publication Nature uses a well-established method and record of more than 10,000 tree rings to figure out summertime temperatures for each year since year 1. No year came even close to last summer’s high heat, said the study’s lead writer, Jan Esper of the Gutenberg Research College in Germany. Esper’s paper showed that in the Northern Hemisphere, the summer of 2023 was as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer than the summer of year 246, which was believed to have gone through the hottest summer before modern times. In fact, 25 of the last 28 years have been hotter than that summer, said study co-writer Max Torbenson. The team used thousands of trees in 15 different places in the Northern Hemisphere, where there was enough data to get a good measure going back to year 1. There was not quite enough tree data in the Southern Hemisphere to publish, but even the limited data showed similar results. Scientists looked at the rings of yearly tree growth to then give yearly dates to every ring. But outside experts had questions about the study. Climate scientist Michael Mann wondered why researchers stopped their look back at year1. Mann suggested other temperature estimates (估算) go back more than 20,000 years. He said just using tree rings is “considerably less reliable (可靠的)” than looking at all sorts of other data, including ice cores, corals and more. However, Esper said his new study only uses tree data because it is exact enough to provide summer-by-summer temperature estimates, which cannot be done with corals, ice cores and other data sources. “Tree rings are of higher resolution (清晰度),” he said. The worldwide temperature records set last summer were so high “that it’s not surprising they would… clearly be the warmest in the past 2,000 years,” said another climate scientist Zeke Hausfather, who was not part of the study. “It’s likely the warmest summer in 120,000 years, though we cannot be absolutely sure,” he added, because data exact to a year does not go back that far. 1．What is the focus of the study in Nature? A．Comparing the temperatures of different seasons. B．Examining tree rings to determine summer temperatures. C．Researching tree growth in the Southern Hemisphere. D．Estimating future temperature tendencies. 2．Why is year 246 mentioned in the text? A．It marked the start of tree data. B．It was the year when people started to record temperatures. C．It is thought of as the beginning of significant climate change. D．It represented the highest level in a certain range. 3．Why did Michael Mann question the study? A．Its data source was limited. B．Its conclusion didn’t match the fact. C．It ignored the impact of human activity. D．It didn’t involve enough climate experts. 4．What did Zeke Hausfather think of the findings of the study? A．Groundless. B．Unsatisfying. C．Understandable. D．Innovative. Passage 02 （24-25高二上·山东·期中）Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis (光合作用) and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcelis, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high­-then-­low intensity lighting intervals (间隔), while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcelis indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the single-­plant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcelis. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 5．What is a disadvantage of vertical farming? A．Cost­-effective. B．Labor-­intensive. C．Energy­-consuming. D．Technically-challenging. 6．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 7．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They output more under dynamic lighting. D．They react similarly to varying light patterns. 8．What may Marcelis agree with? A．There are still some limitations in the research. B．The new program helps save on electricity bills. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. Passage 03 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）A friend recently showed me her planned trip to Italy. Over cups of tea, she laid out the trip in military order-the Colosseum, Pompeii, Venice…By the time she was done I was exhausted, and 1 hadn’t even set foot outside the house. My way of travelling is different. I just pick a destination and then go there, leaving things to chance. This may not be for everybody, but leaping into the unknown, for me, has been great. Take Greenland, for example: 1 found myself in a tiny village of just 40 people, with no place to stay. The locals welcomed me warmly, and I enjoyed a delightful supper with an Inuit family, completed with fantastic stories never found in guidebooks. A few years back, driving through Iceland, I noticed an older woman sitting at a picnic table by a waterfall. I approached her, and asked if I could sit with her. She turned out to be a source of knowledge about the area, which we had all to ourselves, without a tourist in sight. Wandering in Trinidad, I got on a coastal ship. On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me a tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food. There, I enjoyed the meal surrounded by the relaxing local music. As a teacher, I encourage my students to travel．Most of them have never gone outside; others even never left their hometown. In many cases, they express a sense of fear, of going someplace where they won’t know anybody. I try to remove their anxieties by sharing my own travel experiences, and the message that there are good people everywhere, and friendships are waiting to be started. I once read a piece about regrets that people expressed later in their lives. One that struck me was, “I wish I had taken more chances.” Setting off little planning does mean taking a risk, but for me, it is rewarding. 9．Why did the author mention her friend’s travel plan? A．To recommend some best spots in Italy. B．To express her unconcern of friend’s plan. C．To introduce her different way of traveling. D．To show her tiredness of making travel plans. 10．What can you learn from the author’s travel experiences? A．She visited a village with large population in Greenland. B．She learnt fascinating stories about Inuit from guidebooks. C．She saw the waterfall advised by an old woman in Iceland. D．She enjoyed a meal in a local hidden restaurant in Trinidad. 11．What mainly stops the author’s students from traveling? A．Their lack of money. B．Their fear of unfamiliar places. C．Their dislike of travelling abroad. D．Their inability to leave hometown. 12．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Friendships Start in Trips B．A Man is Rewarded with Plans C．Travels Unprepared Bring Surprise D．Chances Favor the Focused Minds Passage 04 （24-25高二上·河南南阳·期中）On August 20th, 2024, the Chinese gaming industry (游戏业) reached a milestone with the global release of Black Myth: Wukong, a new AAA action role-playing game developed by Game Science. Within hours of launch, it topped Steam’s most-played single-player list, gaining significant attention on social media. Black Myth: Wukong draws on Chinese mythologies (神话) and the classic novel Journey to the West. It allows players to assume the role of Sun Wukong and start grand adventures. Inspired by Stephen Chow’s A Chinese Odyssey《大话西游》, the game creates a vivid dreamscape with Chinese scenery, like remote mountains, wild roads and ancient temples. The various demons (魔鬼), gods, and other figures with Chinese-style designs in the game are based on The Classic of Mountains and Seas, breathing new life into the ancient tales of Chinese mythology. Feng Ji, Game Science founder and CEO, emphasized that the game was created by a Chinese team to bring Chinese stories to the global gaming stage. He said, “The script and artistic concepts always take the lead, harmoniously combining Chinese stories and classical cultural elements into the game.” He believed that a game’s true value is not determined by its budget or visuals, but by the true enjoyment it offers to players. According to the Xinhua News Agency, to create a truly immersive (沉浸式的), world-class game, the game’s production team spent years traveling across China, scanning historical and cultural sites, and integrating (融入) them into every game scenes. The game features 36 locations modeled after real-world sites, with 27 of them located in Shanxi Province, China, offering players a unique and immersive visual experience. The game has boosted interest in Shanxi's cultural heritage. On its launch day, the search volume for Shanxi tourism increased by over 10%. Bookings for trips to Shanxi have doubled since July, and the number of tourists to Shanxi has grown by 50%. Shanxi has rich tourism resources but lacks recognition. The game has presented Shanxi’s cultural relics in a pleasing and effective way, arousing people’s interest in the province's culture and travel. 13．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the game? A．Its target players. B．Its wide popularity. C．Its design inspiration. D．Its cultural significance. 14．What is the key to making a truly valuable game according to Feng Ji? A．Creating high profits for the game company. B．Providing a satisfying experience for players. C．Integrating Chinese stories into artistic concepts. D．Designing impressive characters and visual effects. 15．Which of the following words can best describe the game’s production team? A．Ambitious and efficient. B．Confident and productive. C．Devoted and high-standard. D．Experienced and convincing. 16．How does the game benefit Shanxi Province? A．By promoting its cultural tourism. B．By enhancing its international status (地位) . C．By calling for the protection of its heritage (遗产). D．By attracting investment to its game industry. Passage 05 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) may be the biggest winner of this year’s Nobel Prize. AI pioneers were recognized with the Nobel Prize in physics, while the Nobel Prize in chemistry also had AI-related contributions. US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI boom, according to Reuters. In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things. A year later, Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine, which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data, such as identifying specific objects in images. As for the Nobel Prize in chemistry, US scientists David Baker and John Jumper, along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis, won the prize. Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold2. Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development. “AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve deriving (获得) outputs from inputs, showing its great potential in scientific research,” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily. In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their scope mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks. AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident (明显的). Yang believes that scientists should actively embrace this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics. 17．What was John Hopfield recognized for in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics? A．Inventing the Boltzmann machine. B．Creating AI models for image analysis. C．Developing a network for pattern storage. D．Designing a new type of computer processor. 18．What is the significance of AlphaFold2? A．It can synthesize (合成) new proteins for drug use. B．It can forecast protein folding patterns. C．It can analyze the genetic sequences (顺序) of proteins. D．It can identify proteins related to diseases 19．According to Yang Maojun, what is one factor that limits the scope of Al applications? A．The availability of real-world data. B．The accuracy of AI training data. C．The level of human involvement in AI learning. D．The effectiveness of deep learning algorithms (算法). 20．What concern did Hinton raise about AI during the Nobel press conference? A．The risk of AI becoming unmanageable. B．The potential for AI to replace human creativity C．The slow adoption of AI in scientific research. D．The lack of ethical guidelines for AI development. Passage 06 （24-25高二上·河南·期中）For more than 15 years, I’ve traveled to different parts of the world, where I take out rotten meat and wait for flies to appear. My research is related to understanding how an environment influences a fly’s ability to search for and find its food source, its single purpose of living. For example, flies rely on wind to carry scents(气味) across varying environments. Warmer temperatures promote fly activity because they’re poikilothermic — meaning cold-blooded — and need heat to warm up their muscles for flight. Flies use visual cues(信号) to fly through the air and to avoid barriers, so they’re more active during the daytime. Blow flies can travel up to 28 miles for food. Most of the time when I set a piece of bad-smelling rotten meat, a large group of flies will come right away. But other times I’m surprised when no flies come to enjoy the big meal I’ve prepared. When a female fly smells something that might be a good food source for her babies, she lands on it and assesses whether there’s enough to support her 400 or so eggs, which means life and death for her babies. A mom fly’s ability to smell out a good “home” for her babies is the key to the survival of the species and ultimately why this sense is so strong. Male flies are less interested in these smells as a sign of food. But since they can signal where to find female flies for mating, males will still respond to the scent of a steaming trash can. Flies have evolved(进化) to be superior trash-smellers because this superpower helps them survive. The reason why they manage to find trash cans wherever they exist is the same reason why they’ll show up to your picnic to check what’s on the menu — they’re looking for food that will help them create the next generation of flies. 21．What may be the reason why no flies come to the author’s “big meal”? A．There’s no wind blowing. B．The flies are not hungry. C．The “big meal” is not smelly enough. D．The distance is out of the flies’ reach. 22．When do flies tend to be most active? A．On warm nights. B．In the daytime of cold days. C．On rainy nights. D．In the daytime of warm days. 23．What is the decisive factor for the female flies to choose the egg-laying site? A．The quantity of the food sources. B．The availability of shelter and protection. C．The temperature of the environment. D．The presence of other female flies around. 24．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Male flies hardly respond to the trash can. B．Picnic attracts female flies more than male ones. C．Both male and female flies are sensitive to food smells. D．Female flies are usually the first to show up at a picnic site. Passage 07 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）You might have experienced the frustration of being misunderstood by a smart speaker or AI assistant. For people with non-standard speech, this happens frequently. Israeli company Voiceitt aims to change that. By using personalized voice models, its AI-powered speech recognition system helps people with speech impairments (损伤) caused by conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Down syndrome, or stroke communicate better with others. For Voiceitt co-founder Sara Smolley, developing speech recognition for non-standard speech patterns is a personal mission. “My grandmother was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease,” she said. “By the time I was born, she had lost most of her motor capabilities, and her speech was affected.” Smolley wanted to solve communication problems for people with speech difficulties. Voiceitt was launched as an app in 2023 and operated as a vocal translator, converting non-standard speech into audio. Users train the AI by recording themselves saying about 200 simple phrases. Voiceitt cooperates with tools like WebEx and ChatGPT, providing captions (字幕) for non-standard speech. The company is also partnering with Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Colin Hughes, who has a muscle disorder, uses voice typing for his digital interactions. He’s impressed with how accurately Voiceitt’s app understands his unique way of speaking. But he points out that many people with upper-limb disabilities need more than just speech-to-text. They need something like better voice typing for longer writing. He sees a future where technology plays a bigger role in accessibility, adding, “This entire field needs a shake-up. Voiceitt, with better access to major platforms, could be the one to lead this change.” With technology that captures and stores personal data such as voice recordings, privacy can be a concern for users. Smolley says her company has “the highest standards in the world in terms of data privacy”. She believes Voiceitt’s technology can be life-changing. “We want to allow people not just to be more independent in their lives and work,” says Smolley, “but also to enjoy technology and have fun.” 25．What inspires Sara Smolley to develop the AI-speech recognition system? A．Her desire to advance artificial intelligence. B．Her passion for technology communication. C．Her determination to cure people of speech disease. D．Her hope to settle grandmother’s communication problems. 26．What does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Applying. B．Keeping. C．Changing. D．Limiting. 27．What does Colin’s words imply in paragraph 5? A．Voiceitt can be a pioneering tool. B．Voiceitt focuses on speech-to-text. C．Voiceitt understands personal feelings. D．Voiceitt can team up with tech companies. 28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a new speech recognition system. B．To show the limitations of current speech recognition. C．To highlight the need to help people with speech issues. D．To explain the difficulties of Al-powered speech recognition. Passage 08 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）On a spring day, Guinness World Records held a ceremony in Bournemouth to award local lifeguard Chris Lewis the title. Lewis, 74, began working at the Dorset resort when he was 16. “It’s the best job in the world,” he said. “You’re working and helping people. What could be better?” His colleagues were just half his age. But he is still fighting fit. Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeguards must complete a 400m pool swim in under 7.5 minutes. They have to do a 25m pool swim underwater and a 25-metre surface swim consecutively in under 50 seconds and run 200m along the beach in under 40 seconds. The tests are still reasonably comfortable for Lewis. All winter he has been doing 3,000 metres of sea swimming each month. Lewis’s adventure began in 1965 when a police officer spotted that he was a keen swimmer and suggested he get his lifesaving badges. The following year he began volunteering as a lifeguard at the age of 16. Then he became part of the RNLI lifeguards in 2001 and began providing beach patrols for local authorities. Now the RNLI patrols more than 240 beaches across the UK. Lewis laughed when asked if he had seen many changes. “The RNLI’s equipment in 2024 includes jetskis, rescue boats and quad bikes. When I started, we had a T-shirt, swimming trunks, a swimming hat, a coat if you were lucky and a rescue tube. It was really very different.” His most memorable rescue took place in 2010 when three children got into trouble while swimming. There was a combination of wind and a lively spring tide. One of them was being hurled into a rock with severe cuts. The other two were being “knocked around” by the waves. Lewis swam out just with a rescue tube but managed to get all three back.       Over the years, he has performed hundreds of rescues. He says giving advice that prevents people getting into trouble is preferable to carrying out rescues. “I would love to go through the whole of summer without having to rescue anybody.” 29．Why is the training of RNLI mentioned? A．To explain the importance of swimming skills. B．To stress Lewis’s efforts and capacity. C．To show demands of being a safeguard. D．To describe the test process of fitness swimming 30．What made Lewis begin his life-saving career? A．His voluntary experience. B．His passion for swimming. C．An invitation from RNLI. D．A police officer’s suggestion. 31．What can be inferred from Lewis’s words in Paragraph 4? A．RNLI cares for the safety of lifeguards. B．RNLI currently needs more lifeguards. C．Lifeguard work was not easy in the past. D．The former lifeguards were more skilled. 32．Which of the following best describes Lewis? A．Devoted and caring. B．Selfless and honest. C．Determined and humorous. D．Generous and ambitious. Passage 09 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）Thinking is an integral part of our daily lives. We analyze, reason, and think over to make decisions and solve problems. However, there are instances when our minds bypass this conscious thinking process and arrive at immediate conclusions or insights. This phenomenon is often called “thinking without thinking” in other words, intuition. Despite its seemingly effortlessly nature, intuition may have positive effects on us. Intuition may seem mysterious and magical for most of us, but research has shed light on the potential operation of intuition. Gladwell, a writer, explores numerous studies and real-life examples that demonstrate the power of intuition. One study examines the ability of art experts to determine the authenticity (真实性) of artworks. The study discovered that these experts could make accurate judgements within seconds of viewing a painting despite being unable to explain their reasoning. They have sharpened their intuition through years of experience and exposure to various artistic styles and techniques. Explorers like Gladwell proved that the brain can make incredibly accurate assessments based on subtle cues and patterns our conscious mind might overlook from an experimental viewpoint. Back to our lives, intuition serves as a guideline in both personal and professional fields. Leaders who listen to their intuitive wisdom make innovative decisions that lead to success in business. In personal relationships, intuitive insights can help us understand the needs and feelings of others, fostering deeper connections and empathy. Although intuition can provide valuable insights, it is not rock-solid. Bias (偏见) or emotional influences may cloud our intuitive judgements. To better use the power of intuition effectively, we can cultivate essential practices. Except taking part in activities that enable your subconscious mind to accumulate valuable knowledge and patterns, gathering additional dependable information to evaluate your intuition matters more than from my point. This practice helps develop a deeper understanding of the factors influencing your intuition. 33．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning the study on art experts? A．To reveal how intuition works. B．To identify what affects intuition. C．To clarify what intuition is. D．To explain how intuition helps art evaluation. 34．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The intuitive ways of making decisions. B．The guideline on using intuition. C．The wide application of intuition. D．The examples of intuition wisdom. 35．How can we use intuition effectively according to the author? A．By exploring thinking patterns. B．By assessing relevant information. C．By conducting necessary practices. D．By obtaining knowledge about mind. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Method of Using Intuition B．Intuition: A Rare Nature C．Intuition: A New Way of Thinking D．Exploring the Power of Intuition Passage 10 （24-25高二上·山东泰安·期中）Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo is one of the most popular ones in China, and now due to its daily live streaming programs, the number of its followers has risen significantly. At the same time, more young people are joining the zoo as keepers, said Shen Zhijun, head of the zoo. Of the 140 keepers at the zoo, 40 percent of them were born after 1995, and 20 percent of the keepers were born after 2000. Jia Tianci, 28, takes care of about 20 wolves at the zoo, where he started work in 2020 after graduating from Nanjing Agricultural University with a bachelor’ s degree in veterinary (兽医的) medicine. Born and raised in Nanjing, Jia dreamed of becoming a vet. His parents didn’t understand his decision to become a keeper until they saw him take care of the wolves. “I feel content when the wolves are mentally and physically healthy. Although they obviously cannot speak like humans, I can tell from changes in their waste, such as its color and smell, whether they are healthy,” Jia said. In addition to acting as a keeper, Jia accompanies and chats with visitors to the zoo. “I remember my visit to a zoo during my childhood. I loved watching the monkeys and feeding them cookies. However, after becoming a keeper, I realized that this type of behavior was totally wrong,” Jia said. “People love interacting with animals, but the first thing we tell visitors is not to disturb them. Behaviors such as banging (猛敲) things, shouting at the animals and feeding them, are harmful.” In 2013, Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo started to employ young keepers who have master’s degrees. Shen said that certain people considered the employment of graduates with such degrees to be a total waste of talent. “Taking care of wildlife, especially endangered species, is a highly demanding job that requires continuous study,” Shen said. “Working at a zoo also calls for a broad knowledge of subjects such as biology, zoology and environmentalism.” 37．What has contributed to the popularity of Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo? A．Many animal lovers. B．Selling goods online. C．Daily live broadcast. D．Animal performances. 38．Why did Jia Tianci’s parents disagree with his career choice at the beginning? A．They thought the job would be too boring. B．They were unaware of the job’s significance. C．They thought their son wouldn’t make ends meet. D．They expected their son would work in a cleaner environment. 39．What kind of job is an animal keeper in Jia Tianci’s opinion? A．It is smelly but highly-paid. B．It is vital and risky. C．It is demanding but fulfilling. D．It is eye-catching and satisfying. 40．What can we infer from the passage? A．Whoever likes animals is fit for the job. B．Taking care of wildlife calls for cooperation. C．Few young people are joining the zoo as keepers. D．Visitors should behave themselves when visiting zoos. Passage 11 （24-25高二上·湖北武汉·期中）In the past few years, consumers have become more aware of the importance of sustainability in fashion. They want to know how products are made to ensure that their purchases aren’t negatively impacting the environment. This shift in consumer behavior has made traceable (可追踪的) cotton very popular with fashion brands, as it ensures the cotton comes from farms that advocate for sustainable practices — and, in turn, allows the brands to market their products as such. To meet this demand, farmers are increasingly performing sustainable practice — things like promoting biodiversity and minimizing harmful pesticides. Moving a farm to sustainable agriculture can be challenging, however. “Traceability covers all activities during the growing season through to harvest, which largely relies on date collection,” says Raymond Daniels, manager for BASF’s agricultural solutions. Without using technology, this data process can become troublesome. Farmers are not experts, says Daniels, and often don’t have the time needed to capture everything. To ensure the traceability of their cotton, more farmers are turning to BASF’s e3 cotton program. Aside from data tracking, farmers have the added benefit. “Once the cotton is harvested, we take the Permanent Bale ID (issued by the USDA) and attach that to the data captured in our platform,” says Daniels. “we can trace everything back to the field in which it was grown with the ID．” When brands know the cotton they are buying is from a sustainable farm, they are often willing to pay more for it. Mark and Cali Noland have seen the benefits firsthand. The traceability provided by the e3 program has opened up new opportunities for them—including direct partnerships with clothing manufacturers. “In the past, we’ve been totally at the mercy of what the market is doing,” Cali says. Now, by employing technology, they’re able to negotiate a price that reflects the actual value of their sustainably-produced cotton. “With our cotton, we’ve been able to make individual relationships with some fashion brands who want to know what practices you are doing on the farm for the quality of their product,” says Cali. 41．Why do farmers tend to adopt sustainable agriculture? A．Because consumers favor the cotton products. B．Because sustainable practices guarantee the quality. C．Because farmers want to satisfy the market requirements. D．Because the fashion brands grow environment-conscious. 42．What is BASF’s e3 cotton program aimed at? A．Exploring new market for cotton farmers. B．Sparing farmers the laborious work on land. C．Adjusting the process of agricultural production. D．Providing traceable information of signed cotton. 43．What benefits do the farmers gain through e3 program? A．Easy network access. B．Cooperation with manufacturers. C．Independent pricing. D．Output expansion. 44．What is the suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of Traceable Cotton: Technology Enables Sustainable Farming B．The Sustainable Agriculture: Unavoidable Changes Are on the Way C．BAST’s e3 Program: Cooperation Boosts Confidence D．The Greener Fashion: Quality Always Comes First Passage 12 （24-25高二上·浙江丽水·期中）Americans believe volunteering to help strangers contributes more to society than unpaid caregiving for family or friends, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. Using a series of experiments and data from a longitudinal survey, the researchers examined the differences between different socioeconomic groups and how they perceive their contributions to society. In the early stage of the research, the researchers found that people with higher socioeconomic status volunteered more and perceive their contributions as great. In contrast, those with lower socioeconomic status, despite spending more time on unpaid care, felt they contributed less to society. “The belief that helping strangers is the gold standard of contributing seems to be a widely accepted but little recognized assumption. Our research brings this assumption to the surface and questions who it benefits and who it overlooks,” Reinhart said. In a subsequent experiment, participants are asked to read about three people who tutored (辅导) a younger student. One person was required to tutor a younger student in an after-school program, one person chose to tutor a younger student, and one person tutored their younger cousin. The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors. Though people thought tutoring a family member was more moral, they did not think tutoring a family member made a significantly greater contribution to society. These findings suggest that, as a society, we need a broader idea of what counts as a meaningful contribution, according to Reinhart. “As the U.S. population ages, the 20% of Americans caring for an adult, most often a relative, will only increase in the coming years. To meet the growing demand for caregiving, we must value this vital labor,” Reinhart said. “We need to do more to recognize the personal and societal importance of helping people close to home in our everyday circles and investing in these local relationships. Caregiving, perhaps especially when unpaid and with little choice involved, is still a significant contribution. 45．What does the research focus on? A．The importance of volunteering. B．The economic value of caregiving. C．The impact of socioeconomic status. D．The perception of contributions to society. 46．Which type of tutoring can get the highest recognition according to this experiment? A．Tutoring a younger cousin. B．Tutoring a student for payment. C．Tutoring a kid at a Children’s Home. D．Tutoring a specific person in the experiment. 47．What we can infer from paragraph 6? A．Volunteering is the most meaningful activity. B．People hold broad views on societal contribution. C．The perception of caregiving needs to be reshaped. D．Society counts on meaningful contributions from its citizens. 48．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Unpaid Caregiving is Undervalued by Society B．Americans’ Perception of Societal Contributions C．The Demands of Aging Population on Caregiving D．The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Volunteering Passage 13 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）None of us like to think we’d walk on by when someone needed our help. But sometimes we behave in ways we wouldn’t expect when encountering a situation we are unsure about. Research from the British Heart Foundation has suggested that a third of people would not perform first aid if they saw someone collapse on the street, with some even admitting they wouldn’t call an ambulance. This can sometimes mean that no one helps when someone desperately needs it. However, a lot of tragic events urge us to take immediate action. One of the most famous examples of this is the tragic case of Kitty Genovese who was fatally stabbed (刺、捅) in Kew Gardens, New York, in 1964. Follow-up investigations concluded that several people saw or heard what was happening, but did nothing to intervene. This has been termed the “bystander effect”—a well-known psychological phenomenon that individuals are less likely to offer help to someone when other people are present. The more people there are, the less likely they are to help. There are various factors contributing to this effect — people think that others will get involved or intervene. Afterwards people often say they did not feel qualified or senior or important enough to be the one to intervene. It is also partly down to “pluralistic ignorance” — since everyone is not reacting to the emergency, they don’t need to either; it’s not serious because no one else is doing anything. Self-awareness is the best antidote to it. When encountering an emergency, think to yourself how you would behave if you were on your own. Ignore everyone else and how they are behaving and go with your instinct (直觉) —if you’d call an ambulance, do it. If you’d run for help, do it. If that’s how you would have behaved when you were on your own then that’s probably the right course of action. 49．According to the first paragraph, what would some people do when someone needs help? A．To behave in proper ways. B．To rush to give a hand. C．To give immediate first aid. D．To hesitate to intervene. 50．Which of the following statements about “bystander effect” is correct? A．It is a rare psychological phenomenon. B．People are unwilling to help for lack of qualification. C．Someone will step in when more people are gathering. D．It results from “pluralistic ignorance” to some degree. 51．What does the underlined word “antidote” in the last paragraph mean? A．Devotion. B．Introduction. C．Solution. D．Resistance. 52．What is the best title for the text? A．Don’t Be a Bystander B．Stay away from Emergencies C．Raise Awareness of First Aid D．Don’t Intervene in “Bystander Effect” Passage 14 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期中）There have been many problems with our schools today, the biggest of which is closely related to our culture. In general, our culture, as represented in the media, gets excited by famous stars, and constantly stresses that it’s what you have, not what you are, that counts. Parents are encouraged to be away from even very small children for most of the day. Too many voters go for politicians who would rather cut school funding than get rid of tax cuts for the wealthy. All contribute greatly to the problems of educating our children. Today’s teachers have to deal with a culture that is vastly different from that in the past. They report that there is, among more children than ever, a lack of motivation, with no drive to succeed or even try. The role models that boys view in the media mostly consist of men in comedies and other shows who are rude and often extremely immature: self-centred overpaid athletes; men in movies, television dramas, video games, etc. who are lost in violence and power. As Leonard Sax wrote in Boys Adrift, “Teenage boys are looking for models of mature adulthood. But we no longer make any collective effort to provide such models.” Girls are attacked not only with such annoying images of males, but also with women who are preoccupied with appearance and are extremely materialistic. In such a cultural environment, it is more important than ever to have responsible, loving and caring parents who have enough time and motivation to devote themselves to their children and see it as their duty to serve as models for them and raise them with high standards of honesty and responsibility along with tending to their physical needs. They need to care enough to see that their children are not attacked with the garbage that comes from movies, television and computer screens. In today’s culture, they are basically alone in this effort since, unfortunately, so much is working against them. Unless we, as a culture, face the truth about ourselves — that we are not providing things adequately for a great many of our children — the storm will continue to rage (肆虐) on our education system. 53．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By showing differences. C．By describing a process. D．By using time order. 54．What does today’s culture probably bring to the children? A．Narrow access to entertainment. B．Poor understanding abilities. C．Few materialistic models. D．Little desire for success. 55．We can we infer from the passage? A．All politicians are against school funding. B．Parents today are less caring than in the past. C．Girls are more easily affected by the media than boys. D．Today’s culture in the media is misleading our children. 56．According to the text, what should parents do in today’s culture? A．Keep their children away from computers. B．Find honest models for their children. C．Devote themselves more to their children. D．Help their children develop motivation. Passage 15 （24-25高二上·辽宁沈阳·期中）In our daily schedules and busy lives, there are moments when we tend to think about where we are heading in life. Can we say that we are living a successful life, or even heading toward one? How to achieve success in life actually depends on what success means to you. Most people think of success as getting a highly-paid job. But what they are forgetting is that a job is just a means to make your life easier. What is the point of earning a lot of money if you don’t get the time for people who are most important to you in life? After all, you are earning for them and yourself only, right? In addition, it is very difficult to keep a balance for those who are always looking for more and are never happy with themselves currently. It becomes, therefore, necessary to be thankful for all that you have achieved in life and be proud of yourself. Another key is to not only be confident but also respect what others say. A person who respects his elders and values their advice always becomes more successful in life compared to those with overconfidence. Most of us tend to focus on things that we don’t have. For example, you might be sad that you aren’t the manager of your company. However, you don’t understand the fact that there may be thousands of people who are dying to be in the place where you are right now. At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine. Obviously, life is to move forward. But then in the end, it is the experience you get from the journey of life that matters, not the destination you are heading toward. Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life. So what are you doing now to live a successful life? 57．What does the author think of work and life? A．Work is as necessary as life. B．Earn to live and don’t live to earn. C．A highly-paid job means a successful life. D．It’s hard to keep a balance between work and life. 58．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? A．The importance of keeping moving forward. B．The importance of making use of what you own. C．The importance of having confidence in yourself. D．The importance of being grateful for what you have. 59．What does the author suggest at the end of the text? A．Being proud of yourself. B．Living in the present happily. C．Being different from others in life. D．Determining the destination of your life. 60．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To give us some tips on being successful in life. B．To warn us not to just think about making money. C．To encourage us to be confident about the future life. D．To show us different views of different people on success. Passage 16 （24-25高二上·河南·阶段练习）Recently, South Australia has committed an additional $17.1 million to the National Fire Ant Eradication Program to fight against one of the world’s most invasive pests—the red imported fire ant. They might be only 2-6mm long, but they can destroy crops and machinery, and make yards, parks, and farmlands unusable. They can also damage electrical equipment including streetlights and telecommunication networks. And they can bring a painful sting (叮) that has the potential to cause a deadly allergic reaction in people, pets and livestock. The red fire ants, which were from South American countries and were first discovered in Brisbane in 2001, have not been discovered in South Australia and currently are only present in Queensland and New South Wales (NSW). But they can spread to new territory quickly. Five nests (巢) were ascertained in northern NSW in November 2023. The ants generally spread through human activity, mainly the moving of polluted soil, plants or agricultural machinery, and once in a new area, they can rapidly establish a new nest. The National Fire Ant Eradication Program includes a four-year response plan worth $ 592.8 million, which will use the latest technology and innovative approaches to eventually sweep away fire ants. The State Government’s latest funding commitment is on top of $6.5 million already committed to the program. Reece Pianta, Advocacy Manager with the Invasive Species Council, said “Fire ants are one of the world’s worst super-pests and if they are allowed to spread, their economic impact will be greater than rabbits, feral cats and foxes combined. They will damage Australia’s environment and agriculture, cost our economy billions annually and we could see hundreds of thousands of extra medical visits every year as they sting Australians at the park or in the backyard.” Red imported fire ants are a notifiable (须申报的) pest in South Australia which means there is a legal obligation for people to report any suspected detections to the Exotic Plant Pest Hotline on 1800084881. 61．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The prediction for the program. B．The impact of the red fire ants. C．The appearance of the ants. D．The South Australia’s policy. 62．What does the underlined word “ascertained” mean in paragraph 3? A．Established. B．Restored. C．Displayed. D．Detected. 63．What may red fire ants result in according to Reece Pianta? A．Enormous economic losses. B．Run-down tourism. C．Environmental pollution. D．Outdated medical service. 64．What is the best title of the text? A．Red Fire Ants Are Spreading in Australia B．Millions Added to Fight Deadly Fire Ants C．Australians Are Warned of The Red Fire Ants D．A New Approach for Sweeping Away Fire Ants Passage 17 （24-25高二上·湖北鄂州·期中）Finnish Lapland, in the far north of Europe, is home to some 180, 000 people and around 200, 000 reindeer (驯鹿) . The animals live wild but each one has an owner, identified by a mark on its ear. Anne Ollila, 50, one of 4, 000 such owners, works in the Finnish part of this region with her husband and two adult sons and their families. They farm the animals mainly for meat, but reindeer tourism has also become an important source of income. Ollila lives 80 kilometres inside the Arctic Circle, an hour from Lapland’s capital city, Rovaniemi, and seven kilometres from her nearest neighbour. Summer days — when the reindeer raisers earmark newborn reindeer—are long and in June the sun never sets. At that time Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 20 kilometres a night through the forest, making the most of the cooler temperatures to do her work but having to endure large groups of insects along the way. In deepest winter, there is little daylight. Many grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection against wolves and golden eagles — the birds can kill an adult reindeer. Ollila and her family offer tourists reindeer experiences through their company Reindeer Journey. Visitors can get close to the animals in the wild or at their farm, watching them being trained to pull sledges (雪橇) or take a sleigh ride. “Reindeer are very smart animals, ” Ollila says. “They have different personalities, and some are very funny. ” One of her favourites is Rocky, named after the movie boxing legend. “He’s very curious and always in trouble, ” she says. “He once got himself stuck in tree branches and had to be lifted out, and he has been known to walk off with his owners’ drying underwear. ” Ollila gave up her job as a sociology researcher at the University of Lapland in 2010 to devote herself to raising reindeer. “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom, ” she says. “Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to a way of life through the generations. ” 65．What does the underlined word “endure” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Go away with. B．Put up with. C．Look forward to. D．Catch up with. 66．Why do the reindeer move into the forest in winter according to the text? A．To protect themselves. B．To find their owners. C．To get earmarked. D．To avoid cold temperatures. 67．What does Ollila think of Rocky? A．He is afraid of his owner. B．He is a famous filmmaker. C．He is interested in planting trees. D．He is a troublemaker. 68．What can we infer about Ollila from the last paragraph? A．She has been a sociology researcher since 2010. B．She has long been tired of raising reindeer. C．She has a deep feeling for nature. D．She had no chance to receive a college education. Passage 18 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）Two months ago Daisy Greenwell and Clare Fernyhough set up a WhatsApp group to discuss how to delay their young children’s demands for smartphones. After they posted about their plans on Instagram, other parents wanted in. Now their group, Smartphone - Free Childhood, has more than 60,000 followers debating how to keep their children away from the demon devices — a debate they are naturally conducting on smartphones of their own. This group, based in Britain, is not the only one worried about children’s screen time. Last month the state of Florida passed a law banning social media for under - 14s. Britain’s government is reportedly considering a ban on mobile - phone sales to under-16s. The concerns are summed up by a recent book by Jonathan Haidt, “The Anxious Generation”, which argues that smartphones, and especially the social networks accessed through them, are causing a dreadful “rewiring of childhood”. First, smartphones and social media have become a big part of childhood. By the age of 12 nearly every child has a phone, according to research in Britain. Once they get one, social media is how they spend most of their screen time. American teens spend nearly five hours a day on social apps, according to polls(民意调查) by Gallup. YouTube, TikTok and Instagram are most popular (Facebook, the world’s largest social network, is a distant fourth). Second, most agree that in much of the rich world there has been a decline in mental health among the young. The share of American teenagers reporting at least one “major depressive episode” in the past year has increased by more than 150% since 2010. Are the phenomena linked? The timing is suggestive: mental health began to slide just as smartphones and social apps took off, in the 2010s. Some studies also suggest that children who spend more time on social media have poorer mental health than lighter users. But such correlations do not prove causation: it may be, for instance, that depressed, lonely children choose to spend more time doom-scrolling than happy ones do. 69．Which aspect does the WhatsApp group focus on? A．Debate on smartphones’ function. B．Ways to quit using smartphones. C．Plans to attract more worried parents. D．Methods to rid kids of smartphones. 70．Why does the author mention Jonathan Haidt’s book in paragraph 3? A．To show Hadit’s concerns for smartphones. B．To stress the importance of one’s childhood. C．To indicate the negative impact of smartphones. D．To support the policies on social media and mobile phones. 71．What can be learned from the passage? A．Britain’s government is considering a ban to limit mobile-phone sales. B．Social network companies are responsible for teenagers’ mental decline. C．Children’s mental depression may be closely related to smartphones. D．Children spending more time on social media tend to be unhealthier. 72．What can be a suitable title for this text? A．Concerns over Teenagers’ Use of Smartphones B．Smartphone Addiction: It Is Killing Our Next Generation C．The Rise of Smartphone-Free Movement D．Keep Away from Smartphones and Social Media Passage 19 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）BLACK MYTH: WUKONG, China’s first AAA video game, has proved a big success. Within an hour of its release on August 20, the game rose to the top of the global chart on Steam, a leading gaming platform. Over 2.2 million active players were recorded at its peak. Adapted from the Chinese classic Journey to the West, Black Myth: Wukong recreates the story of its most beloved character. What sets the game apart is its stunning graphics, immersive game play and its deep connection with traditional culture. Players not only enjoy the game for its combat (打斗) and storyline but also for its fine recreation of historical sites. “The ancient buildings in the game are well integrated with the storyline. I’m planning to visit the filming locations soon to experience the cultural heritage first hand,” said a player from Beijing. In addition to artistic illustrations, the game developers used 3D scanning technology to recreate these ancient wonders. This allows for a more lifelike insight into China’s architectural past. The game’s impact reaches beyond the virtual world, though. An interest in ancient architecture has grown among young people. In response, Shanxi Province, one of the game’s key filming locations, is actively promoting its rich cultural resources to meet the growing demand. Known as the “treasure of ancient Chinese architecture,” Shanxi is home to 531 nationally protected cultural heritage sites. They make up 10.5 percent of China’s total, the highest in the nation. Among 36 filming locations of Black Myth: Wukong, 27 are located in Shanxi. “We’ve received oceans of visitors a day since July, a threefold increase year on year (同比),” said Liu Xiaogang, the director of the scenic area. Most of the visitors are fans of the popular game who have traveled long distances to the location, he added. On the day of the game’s release, tourism interest in Shanxi reportedly doubled compared to the previous month. To capitalize on this trend, Shanxi quickly rolled out an ancient architecture tour on August 22, Besides the “Follow Wukong Through Shanxi” route map, it has also developed a variety of cultural products. 73．What distinguishes “Black Myth: Wukong” from other games? A．It is the most successful game. B．It employs advanced technology. C．It features attractive characters. D．It is integrated with traditional culture. 74．How does the author show the game’s impact on tourism? A．Using statistics. B．Giving a definition. C．Listing examples. D．Making a comparison. 75．What does the phrase “capitalize on” mean in the last paragraph mean? A．Take advantage of. B．Make money from. C．Catch up with. D．Catch on. 76．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．The game sparked interest in ancient Chinese literature. B．The government launched measures to promote tourism. C．Tourism interest doubled in Shanxi compared to last year. D．Most protected cultural heritage sites are located in Shanxi. Passage 20 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中）In 2015, Brian Peterson, a car designer for Kia Motors, moved to Santa Ana, California, with his wife, Vanessa. There, they often met a homeless man named Matt Faris, who would frequently shout on the street corner, sometimes disturbing their sleep. Initially, Peterson had no interaction with Faris, but everything changed after reading the book Love Does, which stressed the power of love in action. Inspired by the book, Peterson decided to introduce himself to Faris. In their first conversation, Peterson learned that Faris had moved to Southern California from Kentucky in pursuit of a music career but had fallen on hard times, living on the streets for over a decade. Despite Faris’s rough appearance, Peterson saw beauty in him and felt forced to paint his portrait, even though he hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in eight years. Faris agreed, marking the start of a transformative project. So Peterson went to establish Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization dedicated to painting portraits of unhoused individuals in the community. He captures each subject’s personality through colors and then sells the portraits, splitting the earnings with the subject. Half of the funds are placed in a “love account”, which helps them to address their personal needs. However, Peterson learned the importance of asking people directly how they wanted to use the money rather than assuming what they need most. For example, Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, while another subject, Kimberly Sondoval, used the money to help pay her daughter’s rent. Over the years, Peterson’s project expanded, leading him to found Faces of Mankind, where artists nationwide paint portraits of the homeless. To date, Peterson has personally painted 41 portraits. His work not only provides financial assistance but also fosters understanding and connection between the buyers and the subjects, with many buyers developing friendships with the individuals they initially overlooked. Peterson hopes his work will continue to change how people perceive the homeless. 77．What inspired Brian Peterson to approach Matt Faris? A．He saw Faris had artistic talent. B．He read a book about love in action. C．He wanted to complain about Faris’s shouting. D．He intended to found a nonprofit organization. 78．How does Brian Peterson deal with the money he earns from selling the portraits? A．He donates it to charities. B．He uses it to expand his project. C．He sponsors the homeless to buy art supplies. D．He keeps half and gives the other half to his subjects. 79．What is true about Peterson in Paragraph 3? A．He believes in giving without accepting. B．He prefers to decide how the money should be spent. C．He helps people based on their personal needs. D．He funds them to develop art-related projects. 80．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Painting for Homeless B．Art Can Cure Homelessness C．The Story of Matt Faris D．Selling Portraits for Charity 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解（二）20篇 Passage 01 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中）Tree rings, which serve as a record of the tree’s growth, play an important part in researching the climate and environment for scientists. A study in the scientific publication Nature uses a well-established method and record of more than 10,000 tree rings to figure out summertime temperatures for each year since year 1. No year came even close to last summer’s high heat, said the study’s lead writer, Jan Esper of the Gutenberg Research College in Germany. Esper’s paper showed that in the Northern Hemisphere, the summer of 2023 was as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer than the summer of year 246, which was believed to have gone through the hottest summer before modern times. In fact, 25 of the last 28 years have been hotter than that summer, said study co-writer Max Torbenson. The team used thousands of trees in 15 different places in the Northern Hemisphere, where there was enough data to get a good measure going back to year 1. There was not quite enough tree data in the Southern Hemisphere to publish, but even the limited data showed similar results. Scientists looked at the rings of yearly tree growth to then give yearly dates to every ring. But outside experts had questions about the study. Climate scientist Michael Mann wondered why researchers stopped their look back at year1. Mann suggested other temperature estimates (估算) go back more than 20,000 years. He said just using tree rings is “considerably less reliable (可靠的)” than looking at all sorts of other data, including ice cores, corals and more. However, Esper said his new study only uses tree data because it is exact enough to provide summer-by-summer temperature estimates, which cannot be done with corals, ice cores and other data sources. “Tree rings are of higher resolution (清晰度),” he said. The worldwide temperature records set last summer were so high “that it’s not surprising they would… clearly be the warmest in the past 2,000 years,” said another climate scientist Zeke Hausfather, who was not part of the study. “It’s likely the warmest summer in 120,000 years, though we cannot be absolutely sure,” he added, because data exact to a year does not go back that far. 1．What is the focus of the study in Nature? A．Comparing the temperatures of different seasons. B．Examining tree rings to determine summer temperatures. C．Researching tree growth in the Southern Hemisphere. D．Estimating future temperature tendencies. 2．Why is year 246 mentioned in the text? A．It marked the start of tree data. B．It was the year when people started to record temperatures. C．It is thought of as the beginning of significant climate change. D．It represented the highest level in a certain range. 3．Why did Michael Mann question the study? A．Its data source was limited. B．Its conclusion didn’t match the fact. C．It ignored the impact of human activity. D．It didn’t involve enough climate experts. 4．What did Zeke Hausfather think of the findings of the study? A．Groundless. B．Unsatisfying. C．Understandable. D．Innovative. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学杂志《自然》发表的一篇论文，研究人员通过研究自公元1年至公元2023 年的北半球一些树木的年轮，得出2023年夏季非常炎热的结论。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“A study in the scientific publication Nature uses a well-established method and record of more than 10,000 tree rings to figure out summertime temperatures for each year since year 1.(科学刊物《自然》上的一项研究使用了一种成熟的方法，并记录了一万多棵树的年轮，以计算出从第一年开始每年的夏季温度)”可知，《自然》杂志上的研究的重点是通过研究树木年轮来确定每年夏季的温度。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Esper’s paper showed that in the Northern Hemisphere, the summer of 2023 was as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer than the summer of year 246, which was believed to have gone through the hottest summer before modern times. In fact, 25 of the last 28 years have been hotter than that summer, said study co-writer Max Torbenson.(埃斯珀的论文显示，在北半球，2023年的夏天比246年的夏天高出1.2摄氏度，人们认为246年经历了近代以来最热的夏天。事实上，在过去的28年里，有25年比那个夏天更热，研究合著者Max Torbenson说)”可知，2023年的夏天比246年的夏天高出1.2摄氏度，并且在过去的28年里，有25年比246年的夏天更热，而人们认为246年经历了近代以来最热的夏天。由此推知，用246年的气温和2023年的气温以及过去28年的气温对比是为了表明气温上升之快，因为246年的夏天已经是近代以来最热的夏天了，它代表了一定范围内的最高值。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“He said just using tree rings is “considerably less reliable (可靠的)” than looking at all sorts of other data, including ice cores, corals and more.(他说，仅仅利用树木年轮比研究包括冰芯、珊瑚等在内的各种其他数据“更不可靠”)”可推知，迈克尔·曼质疑这项研究是因为他认为该研究的数据来源有限。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The worldwide temperature  records set last summer were so high “that it’s not surprising they  would… clearly be the warmest in the past 2,000 years,” said another  climate scientist Zeke Hausfather, who was not part of the study.(没有参与这项研究的另一位气候科学家齐克·豪斯父亲说，去年夏天创下的全球气温纪录如此之高，“这并不奇怪，它们显然是过去2000年里最热的。”)”可知，考虑到地球温度不断升高的趋势，去年夏季温度创新高就不足为奇。由此推知，他认为该研究的结论是意料之中、是可以理解的。故选C项。 Passage 02 （24-25高二上·山东·期中）Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis (光合作用) and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcelis, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high­-then-­low intensity lighting intervals (间隔), while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcelis indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the single-­plant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcelis. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 5．What is a disadvantage of vertical farming? A．Cost­-effective. B．Labor-­intensive. C．Energy­-consuming. D．Technically-challenging. 6．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 7．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They output more under dynamic lighting. D．They react similarly to varying light patterns. 8．What may Marcelis agree with? A．There are still some limitations in the research. B．The new program helps save on electricity bills. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了垂直农业的相关信息，包括其优缺点、开发智能照明计算机程序以解决能源成本问题，以及室内作物对不同照明条件的反应研究结果。 5．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. (在可控的人造光下，在室内成排种植作物可以比传统的户外农场每平方英尺生产更多的食物，同时使用更少的土地和水。但这种垂直农业技术也是需要密集且昂贵的能源。)”可知，垂直农业的一个缺点是很耗能的。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。由文章第二段“The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity.(计算机程序根据不断变化的电力成本每小时调整生长灯的强度)”可知，电力成本的变化影响生长光强度的调整。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。由文章第四段“But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-­then-­low intensity lighting intervals (间隔), while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting.(但是，室内作物在动态照明下如何生长良好呢？Marcelis和他的同事们测试了绿叶蔬菜对每小时变化的光线模式的反应。植物暴露在不同的光照强度下：一组植物在高强度和低强度的光照间隔下生长，而另一组植物则享受更明亮的早晨和更暗淡的下午。有趣的是，这两种条件都导致叶子和成熟重量与标准固定光照下生长的叶子和成熟体重相似)”可知，研究人员发现，室内作物在不同的光线模式下反应相似。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world.(他还警告说，不要指望动态照明能为垂直农业带来立竿见影的好处。在垂直农业能够帮助养活世界之前，其他关键问题仍有待解决)”可推知，这项研究仍然存在一些局限性，还有关键问题仍有待解决。故选A项。 Passage 03 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）A friend recently showed me her planned trip to Italy. Over cups of tea, she laid out the trip in military order-the Colosseum, Pompeii, Venice…By the time she was done I was exhausted, and 1 hadn’t even set foot outside the house. My way of travelling is different. I just pick a destination and then go there, leaving things to chance. This may not be for everybody, but leaping into the unknown, for me, has been great. Take Greenland, for example: 1 found myself in a tiny village of just 40 people, with no place to stay. The locals welcomed me warmly, and I enjoyed a delightful supper with an Inuit family, completed with fantastic stories never found in guidebooks. A few years back, driving through Iceland, I noticed an older woman sitting at a picnic table by a waterfall. I approached her, and asked if I could sit with her. She turned out to be a source of knowledge about the area, which we had all to ourselves, without a tourist in sight. Wandering in Trinidad, I got on a coastal ship. On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me a tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food. There, I enjoyed the meal surrounded by the relaxing local music. As a teacher, I encourage my students to travel．Most of them have never gone outside; others even never left their hometown. In many cases, they express a sense of fear, of going someplace where they won’t know anybody. I try to remove their anxieties by sharing my own travel experiences, and the message that there are good people everywhere, and friendships are waiting to be started. I once read a piece about regrets that people expressed later in their lives. One that struck me was, “I wish I had taken more chances.” Setting off little planning does mean taking a risk, but for me, it is rewarding. 9．Why did the author mention her friend’s travel plan? A．To recommend some best spots in Italy. B．To express her unconcern of friend’s plan. C．To introduce her different way of traveling. D．To show her tiredness of making travel plans. 10．What can you learn from the author’s travel experiences? A．She visited a village with large population in Greenland. B．She learnt fascinating stories about Inuit from guidebooks. C．She saw the waterfall advised by an old woman in Iceland. D．She enjoyed a meal in a local hidden restaurant in Trinidad. 11．What mainly stops the author’s students from traveling? A．Their lack of money. B．Their fear of unfamiliar places. C．Their dislike of travelling abroad. D．Their inability to leave hometown. 12．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Friendships Start in Trips B．A Man is Rewarded with Plans C．Travels Unprepared Bring Surprise D．Chances Favor the Focused Minds 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我喜欢不事先计划的旅行方式，并且讲述了旅行过程中遇见的许多惊喜。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“My way of travelling is different. I just pick a destination and then go there, leaving things to chance. (我的旅行方式与众不同。我只是选定一个目的地，然后就去那里，听天由命。)”可知，作者第一段提到朋友的旅行计划是为了引出下文自己与朋友截然不同的旅行方式。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me a tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food.There, I enjoyed the meal surrounded by the relaxing local music. (在路上，一位年轻女子与我交谈，并给我推荐了一家隐藏在当地、食物美味且价格实惠的餐厅。在那里，我在轻松的当地音乐中享受着美食。)”可知，作者在Trinidad旅行时，在当地一家隐蔽的餐馆享用了一顿美餐。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Most of them have never gone outside; others even never left their hometown. In many cases, they express a sense of fear, or going someplace where they won’t know anybody. (他们中的大多数从未出过国；还有一些人甚至从未离开过家乡。很多时候，他们表达的是一种恐惧，或是去一个不认识任何地方。)”可知，学生们不愿意出门旅行的原因主要是对未知的恐惧。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据全文以及最后一段“One that struck me was, “I wish I had taken more chances.” Setting off little planning does mean taking a risk, but for me, it is rewarding. (有一个回答让我印象深刻：“我真希望我曾冒过更多的险。”不经过周密计划就开始行动确实意味着冒险，但对我来说，去做是值得的。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者不做计划旅游方式所带来的意外之惊喜。所以短文的标题为“毫无准备的旅行带来的惊喜”。故选C项。 Passage 04 （24-25高二上·河南南阳·期中）On August 20th, 2024, the Chinese gaming industry (游戏业) reached a milestone with the global release of Black Myth: Wukong, a new AAA action role-playing game developed by Game Science. Within hours of launch, it topped Steam’s most-played single-player list, gaining significant attention on social media. Black Myth: Wukong draws on Chinese mythologies (神话) and the classic novel Journey to the West. It allows players to assume the role of Sun Wukong and start grand adventures. Inspired by Stephen Chow’s A Chinese Odyssey《大话西游》, the game creates a vivid dreamscape with Chinese scenery, like remote mountains, wild roads and ancient temples. The various demons (魔鬼), gods, and other figures with Chinese-style designs in the game are based on The Classic of Mountains and Seas, breathing new life into the ancient tales of Chinese mythology. Feng Ji, Game Science founder and CEO, emphasized that the game was created by a Chinese team to bring Chinese stories to the global gaming stage. He said, “The script and artistic concepts always take the lead, harmoniously combining Chinese stories and classical cultural elements into the game.” He believed that a game’s true value is not determined by its budget or visuals, but by the true enjoyment it offers to players. According to the Xinhua News Agency, to create a truly immersive (沉浸式的), world-class game, the game’s production team spent years traveling across China, scanning historical and cultural sites, and integrating (融入) them into every game scenes. The game features 36 locations modeled after real-world sites, with 27 of them located in Shanxi Province, China, offering players a unique and immersive visual experience. The game has boosted interest in Shanxi's cultural heritage. On its launch day, the search volume for Shanxi tourism increased by over 10%. Bookings for trips to Shanxi have doubled since July, and the number of tourists to Shanxi has grown by 50%. Shanxi has rich tourism resources but lacks recognition. The game has presented Shanxi’s cultural relics in a pleasing and effective way, arousing people’s interest in the province's culture and travel. 13．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the game? A．Its target players. B．Its wide popularity. C．Its design inspiration. D．Its cultural significance. 14．What is the key to making a truly valuable game according to Feng Ji? A．Creating high profits for the game company. B．Providing a satisfying experience for players. C．Integrating Chinese stories into artistic concepts. D．Designing impressive characters and visual effects. 15．Which of the following words can best describe the game’s production team? A．Ambitious and efficient. B．Confident and productive. C．Devoted and high-standard. D．Experienced and convincing. 16．How does the game benefit Shanxi Province? A．By promoting its cultural tourism. B．By enhancing its international status (地位) . C．By calling for the protection of its heritage (遗产). D．By attracting investment to its game industry. 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．C 16．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了《黑神话·悟空》在全球发布后在社交媒体上获得了极大的关注，文章介绍了该游戏的设计灵感，团队奉献及游戏的发布对于山西旅游的积极影响。 13．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Black Myth: Wukong draws on Chinese mythologies (神话) and the classic novel Journey to the West. It allows players to assume the role of Sun Wukong and start grand adventures. Inspired by Stephen Chow’s A Chinese Odyssey《大话西游》, the game creates a vivid dreamscape with Chinese scenery, like remote mountains, wild roads and ancient temples.(《黑神话·悟空》借鉴了中国神话和经典小说《西游记》。它允许玩家扮演孙悟空，开始盛大的冒险。这款游戏的灵感来自周星驰的《大话西游》，它用中国的风景创造了一个生动的梦境，比如遥远的山脉、野性的道路和古老的寺庙)”可知，文章第二段介绍了关于游戏的设计灵感。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He believed that a game’s true value is not determined by its budget or visuals, but by the true enjoyment it offers to players.(他认为游戏的真正价值不是由预算或视觉效果决定的，而是由它带给玩家的真正乐趣决定的)”可知，根据冯骥的看法，一个有价值的游戏的关键是能为玩家提供令人满意的体验。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“According to the Xinhua News Agency, to create a truly immersive (沉浸式的), world-class game, the game’s production team spent years traveling across China, scanning historical and cultural sites, and integrating (融入) them into every game scenes.(据新华社报道，为了打造一款真正具有沉浸感的世界级游戏，游戏的制作团队花了数年时间在中国各地旅行，扫描历史文化遗址，并将其融入到每一个游戏场景中)”可知，游戏制作团队花费数年时间旅行，扫描文化遗址，为了将其融入游戏场景。由此推知，他们是敬业和高标准的。故选C。 16．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“On its launch day, the search volume for Shanxi tourism increased by over 10%. Bookings for trips to Shanxi have doubled since July, and the number of tourists to Shanxi has grown by 50%. Shanxi has rich tourism resources but lacks recognition. The game has presented Shanxi’s cultural relics in a pleasing and effective way, arousing people’s interest in the province's culture and travel.(上线当天，山西旅游搜索量增长超过10%。自7月以来，赴山西旅游的预订量翻了一番，赴山西旅游的游客数量增长了50%。山西旅游资源丰富，但知名度不高。游戏以一种愉悦有效的方式呈现了山西的文化遗产，激发了人们对山西文化和旅游的兴趣)”可知，这款游戏的发布提升了山西的文化旅游。故选A。 Passage 05 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) may be the biggest winner of this year’s Nobel Prize. AI pioneers were recognized with the Nobel Prize in physics, while the Nobel Prize in chemistry also had AI-related contributions. US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI boom, according to Reuters. In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things. A year later, Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine, which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data, such as identifying specific objects in images. As for the Nobel Prize in chemistry, US scientists David Baker and John Jumper, along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis, won the prize. Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold2. Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development. “AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve deriving (获得) outputs from inputs, showing its great potential in scientific research,” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily. In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their scope mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks. AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident (明显的). Yang believes that scientists should actively embrace this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics. 17．What was John Hopfield recognized for in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics? A．Inventing the Boltzmann machine. B．Creating AI models for image analysis. C．Developing a network for pattern storage. D．Designing a new type of computer processor. 18．What is the significance of AlphaFold2? A．It can synthesize (合成) new proteins for drug use. B．It can forecast protein folding patterns. C．It can analyze the genetic sequences (顺序) of proteins. D．It can identify proteins related to diseases 19．According to Yang Maojun, what is one factor that limits the scope of Al applications? A．The availability of real-world data. B．The accuracy of AI training data. C．The level of human involvement in AI learning. D．The effectiveness of deep learning algorithms (算法). 20．What concern did Hinton raise about AI during the Nobel press conference? A．The risk of AI becoming unmanageable. B．The potential for AI to replace human creativity C．The slow adoption of AI in scientific research. D．The lack of ethical guidelines for AI development. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．A 【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述人工智能可能是今年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家。AI的先驱者获得了诺贝尔奖物理学奖。诺贝尔化学奖也有与人工智能相关的贡献。 17． 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things.(1982年，Hopfield创建了一个网络，帮助计算机存储和回忆模式，类似于我们的大脑记忆事物的方式)”可知，Hopfield因为开发模式存储网络获得2024年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第五段“Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development.(几十年来，科学家们一直在努力预测蛋白质如何折叠成决定其功能的3D形状。然而，人工智能研究实验室DeepMind开发的AlphaFold2可以准确预测几乎所有已知蛋白质的3D结构，在药物开发领域显示出巨大的潜力)”可知，AlphaFold2的意义是它可以预测蛋白质的折叠模式。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。根据第七段“In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their scope mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks.(在他看来，人工智能的应用并不局限于生物、化学或物理等领域。它们的范围主要取决于现实世界中的问题能在多大程度上抽象成人工智能可以学习和处理的形式，以及是否有足够的现实世界数据来训练和构建深度学习网络)”可知，真实世界数据的可获得性是限制AI应用范围的一个因素。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident (明显的). Yang believes that scientists should actively embrace this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.(人工智能在科学研究中的重要性日益明显。杨认为，科学家应该积极接受这一趋势，同时也要意识到人工智能的局限性。Hinton在诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上表达了类似的担忧。“我们还必须担心一些可能的不良后果，特别是这些事情失控的威胁，”他说，“人类有责任以安全和道德的方式使用这项新技术，为人类带来最大的利益，”诺贝尔物理学委员会主席Ellen Moons说)”可知，在诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上，辛顿对人工智能提出了人工智能的风险变得难以控制的担忧。故选A项。 Passage 06 （24-25高二上·河南·期中）For more than 15 years, I’ve traveled to different parts of the world, where I take out rotten meat and wait for flies to appear. My research is related to understanding how an environment influences a fly’s ability to search for and find its food source, its single purpose of living. For example, flies rely on wind to carry scents(气味) across varying environments. Warmer temperatures promote fly activity because they’re poikilothermic — meaning cold-blooded — and need heat to warm up their muscles for flight. Flies use visual cues(信号) to fly through the air and to avoid barriers, so they’re more active during the daytime. Blow flies can travel up to 28 miles for food. Most of the time when I set a piece of bad-smelling rotten meat, a large group of flies will come right away. But other times I’m surprised when no flies come to enjoy the big meal I’ve prepared. When a female fly smells something that might be a good food source for her babies, she lands on it and assesses whether there’s enough to support her 400 or so eggs, which means life and death for her babies. A mom fly’s ability to smell out a good “home” for her babies is the key to the survival of the species and ultimately why this sense is so strong. Male flies are less interested in these smells as a sign of food. But since they can signal where to find female flies for mating, males will still respond to the scent of a steaming trash can. Flies have evolved(进化) to be superior trash-smellers because this superpower helps them survive. The reason why they manage to find trash cans wherever they exist is the same reason why they’ll show up to your picnic to check what’s on the menu — they’re looking for food that will help them create the next generation of flies. 21．What may be the reason why no flies come to the author’s “big meal”? A．There’s no wind blowing. B．The flies are not hungry. C．The “big meal” is not smelly enough. D．The distance is out of the flies’ reach. 22．When do flies tend to be most active? A．On warm nights. B．In the daytime of cold days. C．On rainy nights. D．In the daytime of warm days. 23．What is the decisive factor for the female flies to choose the egg-laying site? A．The quantity of the food sources. B．The availability of shelter and protection. C．The temperature of the environment. D．The presence of other female flies around. 24．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Male flies hardly respond to the trash can. B．Picnic attracts female flies more than male ones. C．Both male and female flies are sensitive to food smells. D．Female flies are usually the first to show up at a picnic site. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多年来，作者一直从事对“苍蝇逐臭”这一自然现象的研究。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For example, flies rely on wind to carry scents(气味) across varying environments.(例如，苍蝇依靠风在不同的环境中携带气味)”并结合第三段“Blow flies can travel up to 28 miles for food. Most of the time when I set a piece of bad- smelling rotten meat, a large group of flies will come right away. But other times I’m surprised when no flies come to enjoy the big meal I’ve prepared.(苍蝇可以飞行28英里寻找食物。很多时候，我一放一块臭气熏天的烂肉，马上就会飞来一大群苍蝇。但有时我很惊讶，没有苍蝇来享受我准备的大餐)”可推知，有时候，作者准备了“大餐”，而苍蝇却没有来赴宴的原因，很可能是当时没有风来传播食物的气味。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Warmer temperatures promote fly activity because they’re poikilothermic — meaning cold- blooded — and need heat to warm up their muscles for flight. Flies use visual cues(信号) to fly through the air and to avoid barriers, so they’re more active during the daytime.(温暖的气温促进了苍蝇的活动，因为它们是冷血动物，需要热量来加热它们的肌肉，以便飞行。苍蝇利用视觉线索在空中飞行，避开障碍物，所以它们在白天更活跃)”可知，在天气温暖的白天，蝇类的活动最为活跃。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When a female fly smells something that might be a good food source for her babies, she lands on it and assesses whether there’s enough to support her 400 or so eggs, which means life and death for her babies.(当雌蝇闻到某种可能适合她幼虫的食物来源时，她会落在上面，评估是否有足够的食物来支撑她的大约400个卵。这关系到她幼虫的生死存亡)”可知，食物的量对雌蝇选择产卵地点有决定性的影响。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“But since they can signal where to find female flies for mating, males will still respond to the scent of a steaming trash can.(但由于它们可以发出信号，在哪里可以找到雌性苍蝇进行交配，雄性苍蝇仍然会对冒着热气的垃圾桶的气味做出反应)”以及最后一段中“Flies have evolved(进化) to be superior trash-smellers because this superpower helps them survive.(苍蝇进化出了卓越的垃圾嗅觉能力，因为这种超能力帮助它们生存)”可知，虽然苍蝇关注食物源头的目的不同，但是雄蝇和雌蝇都具有对食物气味敏感的超级功能。故选C。 Passage 07 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）You might have experienced the frustration of being misunderstood by a smart speaker or AI assistant. For people with non-standard speech, this happens frequently. Israeli company Voiceitt aims to change that. By using personalized voice models, its AI-powered speech recognition system helps people with speech impairments (损伤) caused by conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Down syndrome, or stroke communicate better with others. For Voiceitt co-founder Sara Smolley, developing speech recognition for non-standard speech patterns is a personal mission. “My grandmother was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease,” she said. “By the time I was born, she had lost most of her motor capabilities, and her speech was affected.” Smolley wanted to solve communication problems for people with speech difficulties. Voiceitt was launched as an app in 2023 and operated as a vocal translator, converting non-standard speech into audio. Users train the AI by recording themselves saying about 200 simple phrases. Voiceitt cooperates with tools like WebEx and ChatGPT, providing captions (字幕) for non-standard speech. The company is also partnering with Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Colin Hughes, who has a muscle disorder, uses voice typing for his digital interactions. He’s impressed with how accurately Voiceitt’s app understands his unique way of speaking. But he points out that many people with upper-limb disabilities need more than just speech-to-text. They need something like better voice typing for longer writing. He sees a future where technology plays a bigger role in accessibility, adding, “This entire field needs a shake-up. Voiceitt, with better access to major platforms, could be the one to lead this change.” With technology that captures and stores personal data such as voice recordings, privacy can be a concern for users. Smolley says her company has “the highest standards in the world in terms of data privacy”. She believes Voiceitt’s technology can be life-changing. “We want to allow people not just to be more independent in their lives and work,” says Smolley, “but also to enjoy technology and have fun.” 25．What inspires Sara Smolley to develop the AI-speech recognition system? A．Her desire to advance artificial intelligence. B．Her passion for technology communication. C．Her determination to cure people of speech disease. D．Her hope to settle grandmother’s communication problems. 26．What does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Applying. B．Keeping. C．Changing. D．Limiting. 27．What does Colin’s words imply in paragraph 5? A．Voiceitt can be a pioneering tool. B．Voiceitt focuses on speech-to-text. C．Voiceitt understands personal feelings. D．Voiceitt can team up with tech companies. 28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a new speech recognition system. B．To show the limitations of current speech recognition. C．To highlight the need to help people with speech issues. D．To explain the difficulties of Al-powered speech recognition. 【答案】25．D 26．C 27．A 28．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了Voiceitt公司为有言语障碍的人开发的AI语音识别系统，着重介绍了该系统的功能、应用场景以及未来发展方向，并探讨了其对用户隐私的影响。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 “‘My grandmother was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease,’ she said. (“我的祖母被诊断出患有帕金森病，”她说。)”及第三句“‘By the time I was born, she had lost most of her motor capabilities, and her speech was affected.’ (“我出生时，她已经失去了大部分的运动能力，她的语言能力也受到了影响。”)”可知，Sara Smolley的祖母患有帕金森病，导致说话能力下降。正是这种亲身经历促使她想要为有言语障碍的人解决沟通问题。因此，帮助祖母应对言语障碍是她研发AI语音识别系统的灵感来源。故选D项。 26．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词句“Voiceitt was launched as an app in 2023 and operated as a vocal translator, converting non-standard speech into audio. (2023年Voiceitt这个应用程序推出了，它是一个声音翻译器，将非标准语音 converting成音频。)”可知，作为一款语音翻译应用，能实现非标准语音与音频之间转换，画线词的意思应是“转换”。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据文章第五段第五句及第六句“He sees a future where technology plays a bigger role in accessibility, adding, ‘This entire field needs a shake-up. Voiceitt, with better access to major platforms, could be the one to lead this change.’ (他预见到，未来技术在提高可及性方面具有更重要的作用，并补充说：“整个领域都需要一场变革。Voiceitt可以更好地访问主要平台，可能会引领这一变革。”)”可知，Colin Hughes认为Voiceitt可以与主要平台合作，成为改变这个领域的领导者。即Colin Hughes 的话暗示Voiceitt是一个具有开拓和先驱性的工具。故选A项。 28．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Voiceitt公司开发的AI语音识别系统。文章开头就点明Voiceitt可以帮助有言语障碍的人更好地与他人沟通。随后，文章介绍了Voiceitt的工作原理、应用场景以及未来发展方向。因此，作者写作本文的目的是介绍一种新的语音识别系统。故选A项。 Passage 08 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）On a spring day, Guinness World Records held a ceremony in Bournemouth to award local lifeguard Chris Lewis the title. Lewis, 74, began working at the Dorset resort when he was 16. “It’s the best job in the world,” he said. “You’re working and helping people. What could be better?” His colleagues were just half his age. But he is still fighting fit. Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeguards must complete a 400m pool swim in under 7.5 minutes. They have to do a 25m pool swim underwater and a 25-metre surface swim consecutively in under 50 seconds and run 200m along the beach in under 40 seconds. The tests are still reasonably comfortable for Lewis. All winter he has been doing 3,000 metres of sea swimming each month. Lewis’s adventure began in 1965 when a police officer spotted that he was a keen swimmer and suggested he get his lifesaving badges. The following year he began volunteering as a lifeguard at the age of 16. Then he became part of the RNLI lifeguards in 2001 and began providing beach patrols for local authorities. Now the RNLI patrols more than 240 beaches across the UK. Lewis laughed when asked if he had seen many changes. “The RNLI’s equipment in 2024 includes jetskis, rescue boats and quad bikes. When I started, we had a T-shirt, swimming trunks, a swimming hat, a coat if you were lucky and a rescue tube. It was really very different.” His most memorable rescue took place in 2010 when three children got into trouble while swimming. There was a combination of wind and a lively spring tide. One of them was being hurled into a rock with severe cuts. The other two were being “knocked around” by the waves. Lewis swam out just with a rescue tube but managed to get all three back.       Over the years, he has performed hundreds of rescues. He says giving advice that prevents people getting into trouble is preferable to carrying out rescues. “I would love to go through the whole of summer without having to rescue anybody.” 29．Why is the training of RNLI mentioned? A．To explain the importance of swimming skills. B．To stress Lewis’s efforts and capacity. C．To show demands of being a safeguard. D．To describe the test process of fitness swimming 30．What made Lewis begin his life-saving career? A．His voluntary experience. B．His passion for swimming. C．An invitation from RNLI. D．A police officer’s suggestion. 31．What can be inferred from Lewis’s words in Paragraph 4? A．RNLI cares for the safety of lifeguards. B．RNLI currently needs more lifeguards. C．Lifeguard work was not easy in the past. D．The former lifeguards were more skilled. 32．Which of the following best describes Lewis? A．Devoted and caring. B．Selfless and honest. C．Determined and humorous. D．Generous and ambitious. 【答案】29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了74岁的救生员Chris Lewis因其长期的救生工作和出色的表现，被吉尼斯世界纪录授予称号，并介绍了他的救生生涯、训练以及他对救生工作的看法。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeguards must complete a 400m pool swim in under 7.5 minutes. They have to do a 25m pool swim underwater and a 25-metre surface swim consecutively in under 50 seconds and run 200m along the beach in under 40 seconds. The tests are still reasonably comfortable for Lewis. (皇家国家救生艇协会（RNLI）的救生员必须在7.5分钟内游完400米泳池。他们必须在50秒内完成25米的水下游泳和25米的水面游泳，并在40秒内沿着海滩跑200米。这些测试对Lewis来说还算轻松。)”和“All winter he has been doing 3,000 metres of sea swimming each month. (整个冬天，他每个月都要进行3000米的海游。)”可知，此处提到RNLI的训练是为了强调Lewis的努力和能力，尽管他已经74岁，但仍然能够轻松完成这些训练。故选B项。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Lewis’s adventure began in 1965 when a police officer spotted that he was a keen swimmer and suggested he get his lifesaving badges. (Lewis的冒险始于1965年，当时一名警察发现他是一名游泳爱好者，并建议他获得救生徽章。)”可知，是一名警察的建议让Lewis开始了他的救生生涯。故选D项。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段中Lewis的话“The RNLI’s equipment in 2024 includes jetskis, rescue boats and quad bikes. When I started, we had a T-shirt, swimming trunks, a swimming hat, a coat if you were lucky and a rescue tube. It was really very different. (2024年，RNLI的装备包括水上摩托、救生艇和四轮摩托车。当我开始的时候，我们只有一件T恤、游泳裤、游泳帽，如果你幸运的话还有一件外套和一个救生圈。这真的很不一样。)”可知，Lewis通过对比现在的装备和他开始时的装备，暗示了过去的救生工作并不容易，因为装备非常简陋。故选C项。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段中Lewis的话“It’s the best job in the world,” he said. “You’re working and helping people. What could be better? ( 他说：“这是世界上最好的工作。你在工作，同时在帮助别人。还有什么比这更好的呢？”)”以及最后一段中“Over the years, he has performed hundreds of rescues. He says giving advice that prevents people getting into trouble is preferable to carrying out rescues. (多年来，他进行了数百次救援。他说，给出防止人们陷入困境的建议比进行救援更好。)”可知，Lewis非常热爱他的救生工作，致力于帮助他人，并且非常关心他人的安全。因此，用“Devoted and caring (全心全意且关爱他人)”来形容他最恰当。故选A项。 Passage 09 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）Thinking is an integral part of our daily lives. We analyze, reason, and think over to make decisions and solve problems. However, there are instances when our minds bypass this conscious thinking process and arrive at immediate conclusions or insights. This phenomenon is often called “thinking without thinking” in other words, intuition. Despite its seemingly effortlessly nature, intuition may have positive effects on us. Intuition may seem mysterious and magical for most of us, but research has shed light on the potential operation of intuition. Gladwell, a writer, explores numerous studies and real-life examples that demonstrate the power of intuition. One study examines the ability of art experts to determine the authenticity (真实性) of artworks. The study discovered that these experts could make accurate judgements within seconds of viewing a painting despite being unable to explain their reasoning. They have sharpened their intuition through years of experience and exposure to various artistic styles and techniques. Explorers like Gladwell proved that the brain can make incredibly accurate assessments based on subtle cues and patterns our conscious mind might overlook from an experimental viewpoint. Back to our lives, intuition serves as a guideline in both personal and professional fields. Leaders who listen to their intuitive wisdom make innovative decisions that lead to success in business. In personal relationships, intuitive insights can help us understand the needs and feelings of others, fostering deeper connections and empathy. Although intuition can provide valuable insights, it is not rock-solid. Bias (偏见) or emotional influences may cloud our intuitive judgements. To better use the power of intuition effectively, we can cultivate essential practices. Except taking part in activities that enable your subconscious mind to accumulate valuable knowledge and patterns, gathering additional dependable information to evaluate your intuition matters more than from my point. This practice helps develop a deeper understanding of the factors influencing your intuition. 33．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning the study on art experts? A．To reveal how intuition works. B．To identify what affects intuition. C．To clarify what intuition is. D．To explain how intuition helps art evaluation. 34．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The intuitive ways of making decisions. B．The guideline on using intuition. C．The wide application of intuition. D．The examples of intuition wisdom. 35．How can we use intuition effectively according to the author? A．By exploring thinking patterns. B．By assessing relevant information. C．By conducting necessary practices. D．By obtaining knowledge about mind. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Method of Using Intuition B．Intuition: A Rare Nature C．Intuition: A New Way of Thinking D．Exploring the Power of Intuition 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．C 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了直觉的本质、运作原理、作用以及如何更好地运用直觉。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Intuition may seem mysterious and magical for most of us, but research has shed light on the potential operation of intuition.(对我们大多数人来说，直觉可能看起来神秘而神奇，但研究揭示了直觉的潜在运作)”和“One study examines the ability of art experts to determine the authenticity (真实性) of artworks. The study discovered that these experts could make accurate judgements within seconds of viewing a painting despite being unable to explain their reasoning. They have sharpened their intuition through years of experience and exposure to various artistic styles and techniques.(一项研究考察了艺术专家确定艺术品真实性的能力。研究发现，尽管无法解释他们的推理，但这些专家可以在观看一幅画的几秒钟内做出准确的判断。他们通过多年的经验和接触各种艺术风格和技巧来磨练自己的直觉)”可知，第二段首先说明有研究揭示了直觉的潜在运作，接着列举了艺术专家的研究，指出艺术专家通过多年经验和接触各种艺术风格和技巧来磨练自己的直觉。由此可推测出，作者此举是为了揭示直觉的工作原理。故选A。 34．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Back to our lives, intuition serves as a guideline in both personal and professional fields. Leaders who listen to their intuitive wisdom make innovative decisions that lead to success in business. In personal relationships, intuitive insights can help us understand the needs and feelings of others, fostering deeper connections and empathy.(回到我们的生活，直觉在个人和职业领域都充当指导。听取直觉智慧的领导者会做出创新决策，从而在商业上取得成功。在人际关系中，直觉的见解可以帮助我们理解他人的需求和感受，培养更深层次的联系和同理心)”可知，本段主要讲述了直觉在个人和职业领域的指导作用，即直觉的广泛应用。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To better use the power of intuition effectively, we can cultivate essential practices.(为了更好地有效利用直觉的力量，我们可以培养基本的实践)”可知，为了更好地有效利用直觉，我们可以进行基本的实践。故选C。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“This phenomenon is often called “thinking without thinking” in other words, intuition. Despite its seemingly effortlessly nature, intuition may have positive effects on us.(这种现象通常被称为“不假思索”，换句话说，就是直觉。尽管直觉看似毫不费力，但它可能对我们产生积极的影响)”可知，第一段引出直觉这一话题以及直觉能够产生积极作用，接下来文章具体讲述了直觉的工作原理、广泛应用、如何更好地运动直觉，由此可推测出，D项“探索直觉的力量”最适合作本文标题。故选D。 Passage 10 （24-25高二上·山东泰安·期中）Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo is one of the most popular ones in China, and now due to its daily live streaming programs, the number of its followers has risen significantly. At the same time, more young people are joining the zoo as keepers, said Shen Zhijun, head of the zoo. Of the 140 keepers at the zoo, 40 percent of them were born after 1995, and 20 percent of the keepers were born after 2000. Jia Tianci, 28, takes care of about 20 wolves at the zoo, where he started work in 2020 after graduating from Nanjing Agricultural University with a bachelor’ s degree in veterinary (兽医的) medicine. Born and raised in Nanjing, Jia dreamed of becoming a vet. His parents didn’t understand his decision to become a keeper until they saw him take care of the wolves. “I feel content when the wolves are mentally and physically healthy. Although they obviously cannot speak like humans, I can tell from changes in their waste, such as its color and smell, whether they are healthy,” Jia said. In addition to acting as a keeper, Jia accompanies and chats with visitors to the zoo. “I remember my visit to a zoo during my childhood. I loved watching the monkeys and feeding them cookies. However, after becoming a keeper, I realized that this type of behavior was totally wrong,” Jia said. “People love interacting with animals, but the first thing we tell visitors is not to disturb them. Behaviors such as banging (猛敲) things, shouting at the animals and feeding them, are harmful.” In 2013, Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo started to employ young keepers who have master’s degrees. Shen said that certain people considered the employment of graduates with such degrees to be a total waste of talent. “Taking care of wildlife, especially endangered species, is a highly demanding job that requires continuous study,” Shen said. “Working at a zoo also calls for a broad knowledge of subjects such as biology, zoology and environmentalism.” 37．What has contributed to the popularity of Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo? A．Many animal lovers. B．Selling goods online. C．Daily live broadcast. D．Animal performances. 38．Why did Jia Tianci’s parents disagree with his career choice at the beginning? A．They thought the job would be too boring. B．They were unaware of the job’s significance. C．They thought their son wouldn’t make ends meet. D．They expected their son would work in a cleaner environment. 39．What kind of job is an animal keeper in Jia Tianci’s opinion? A．It is smelly but highly-paid. B．It is vital and risky. C．It is demanding but fulfilling. D．It is eye-catching and satisfying. 40．What can we infer from the passage? A．Whoever likes animals is fit for the job. B．Taking care of wildlife calls for cooperation. C．Few young people are joining the zoo as keepers. D．Visitors should behave themselves when visiting zoos. 【答案】37．C 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了越来越多的年轻人加入动物园担任饲养员。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo is one of the most popular ones in China, and now due to its daily live streaming programs, the number of its followers has risen significantly.(南京红山森林动物园是中国最受欢迎的动物园之一，现在由于每天都有直播节目，它的粉丝数量大幅增加)”可知，南京红山森林动物园因其每日直播节目而受欢迎。故选C项。 38．推理判断题。根据第二段“His parents didn’t understand his decision to become a keeper until they saw him take care of the wolves.(他的父母一直不理解他成为饲养员的决定，直到他们看到他照顾狼群)”可知，Jia的父母在看到他照顾狼群之前不理解他的职业选择，暗示他们对工作的重大意义缺乏认识。故选B项。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段“I feel content when the wolves are mentally and physically healthy(当狼们身心健康时，我就会感到满足)”及“In addition to acting as a keeper, Jia accompanies and chats with visitors to the zoo.(除了作为饲养员，Jia还会陪着参观动物园的游客聊天)”可知，动物看护工作要求保证动物的身心健康，同时还需要陪伴游客聊天，所以要求是高的，但Jia Tianci认为动物看护工作虽然要求高但却很有成就感。故选C项。 40．推理判断题。根据第四段“People love interacting with animals, but the first thing we tell visitors is not to disturb them. Behaviors such as banging things, shouting at the animals and feeding them, are harmful.(人们喜欢与动物互动，但我们告诉游客的第一件事是不要打扰它们。敲打东西、对动物大喊大叫和喂它们等行为都是有害的)”可知，游客在参观动物园时应该自律，遵守行为规范。故选D项。 Passage 11 （24-25高二上·湖北武汉·期中）In the past few years, consumers have become more aware of the importance of sustainability in fashion. They want to know how products are made to ensure that their purchases aren’t negatively impacting the environment. This shift in consumer behavior has made traceable (可追踪的) cotton very popular with fashion brands, as it ensures the cotton comes from farms that advocate for sustainable practices — and, in turn, allows the brands to market their products as such. To meet this demand, farmers are increasingly performing sustainable practice — things like promoting biodiversity and minimizing harmful pesticides. Moving a farm to sustainable agriculture can be challenging, however. “Traceability covers all activities during the growing season through to harvest, which largely relies on date collection,” says Raymond Daniels, manager for BASF’s agricultural solutions. Without using technology, this data process can become troublesome. Farmers are not experts, says Daniels, and often don’t have the time needed to capture everything. To ensure the traceability of their cotton, more farmers are turning to BASF’s e3 cotton program. Aside from data tracking, farmers have the added benefit. “Once the cotton is harvested, we take the Permanent Bale ID (issued by the USDA) and attach that to the data captured in our platform,” says Daniels. “we can trace everything back to the field in which it was grown with the ID．” When brands know the cotton they are buying is from a sustainable farm, they are often willing to pay more for it. Mark and Cali Noland have seen the benefits firsthand. The traceability provided by the e3 program has opened up new opportunities for them—including direct partnerships with clothing manufacturers. “In the past, we’ve been totally at the mercy of what the market is doing,” Cali says. Now, by employing technology, they’re able to negotiate a price that reflects the actual value of their sustainably-produced cotton. “With our cotton, we’ve been able to make individual relationships with some fashion brands who want to know what practices you are doing on the farm for the quality of their product,” says Cali. 41．Why do farmers tend to adopt sustainable agriculture? A．Because consumers favor the cotton products. B．Because sustainable practices guarantee the quality. C．Because farmers want to satisfy the market requirements. D．Because the fashion brands grow environment-conscious. 42．What is BASF’s e3 cotton program aimed at? A．Exploring new market for cotton farmers. B．Sparing farmers the laborious work on land. C．Adjusting the process of agricultural production. D．Providing traceable information of signed cotton. 43．What benefits do the farmers gain through e3 program? A．Easy network access. B．Cooperation with manufacturers. C．Independent pricing. D．Output expansion. 44．What is the suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of Traceable Cotton: Technology Enables Sustainable Farming B．The Sustainable Agriculture: Unavoidable Changes Are on the Way C．BAST’s e3 Program: Cooperation Boosts Confidence D．The Greener Fashion: Quality Always Comes First 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．C 44．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来消费者对可持续时尚的需求增加，导致对可追溯棉花的需求增加，为了满足这一需求，农民们越来越多地采用可持续农业，而BASF的e3棉花计划则为农民提供了确保棉花可追溯性的方法，使得农民能够谈判一个能反映其可持续生产棉花实际价值的价格，并有机会与服装制造商直接合作。 41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This shift in consumer behavior has made traceable (可追踪的) cotton very popular with fashion brands, as it ensures the cotton comes from farms that advocate for sustainable practices — and, in turn, allows the brands to market their products as such. To meet this demand, farmers are increasingly performing sustainable practice — things like promoting biodiversity and minimizing harmful pesticides.(这种消费者行为的转变使得可追溯棉花在时尚品牌中非常受欢迎，因为它确保了棉花来自倡导可持续实践的农场，反过来，这也让品牌能够以此方式营销其产品。为了满足这一需求，农民们越来越多地采用可持续做法——比如促进生物多样性，尽量减少有害农药的使用。)”可知，农民采用可持续农业是为了满足市场需求，即消费者对可持续棉花的需求。故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To ensure the traceability of their cotton, more farmers are turning to BASF’s e3 cotton program.(为了确保棉花的可追溯性，越来越多的农民正在转向BASF的e3棉花计划。)”和文章第三段“Once the cotton is harvested, we take the Permanent Bale ID (issued by the USDA) and attach that to the data captured in our platform. ‘We can trace everything back to the field in which it was grown with the ID’.(一旦棉花收获，我们就会获取美国农业部颁发的永久捆包ID，并将其附加到我们平台上捕获的数据中。‘我们可以使用ID将所有信息追溯到种植它的田地’)”可知，BASF的e3棉花计划旨在提供签约棉花的可追溯信息。故选D。 43．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““In the past, we’ve been  totally at the mercy of what the market is doing,” Cali says. Now, by  employing technology, they’re able to negotiate a price that reflects  the actual value of their sustainably-produced cotton.(“过去，我们完全受市场走势的支配，”卡利说。现在，通过采用技术，他们能够协商一个价格，反映他们可持续生产的棉花的实际价值)”可知，农民通过e3项目获得了自主定价的好处。故选C。 44．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了近年来消费者对可持续时尚的需求增加，导致对可追溯棉花的需求增加，为了满足这一需求，农民们越来越多地采用可持续农业，而BASF的e3棉花计划则为农民提供了确保棉花可追溯性的方法，使得农民能够谈判一个能反映其可持续生产棉花实际价值的价格，并有机会与服装制造商直接合作。文章主要围绕“可追溯棉花的兴起”这一主题展开，并强调了技术（e3计划）在使可持续农业成为可能方面的重要作用，所以选项A“可追溯棉花的兴起：技术使可持续农业成为可能”作为标题最为恰当。故选A。 Passage 12 （24-25高二上·浙江丽水·期中）Americans believe volunteering to help strangers contributes more to society than unpaid caregiving for family or friends, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. Using a series of experiments and data from a longitudinal survey, the researchers examined the differences between different socioeconomic groups and how they perceive their contributions to society. In the early stage of the research, the researchers found that people with higher socioeconomic status volunteered more and perceive their contributions as great. In contrast, those with lower socioeconomic status, despite spending more time on unpaid care, felt they contributed less to society. “The belief that helping strangers is the gold standard of contributing seems to be a widely accepted but little recognized assumption. Our research brings this assumption to the surface and questions who it benefits and who it overlooks,” Reinhart said. In a subsequent experiment, participants are asked to read about three people who tutored (辅导) a younger student. One person was required to tutor a younger student in an after-school program, one person chose to tutor a younger student, and one person tutored their younger cousin. The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors. Though people thought tutoring a family member was more moral, they did not think tutoring a family member made a significantly greater contribution to society. These findings suggest that, as a society, we need a broader idea of what counts as a meaningful contribution, according to Reinhart. “As the U.S. population ages, the 20% of Americans caring for an adult, most often a relative, will only increase in the coming years. To meet the growing demand for caregiving, we must value this vital labor,” Reinhart said. “We need to do more to recognize the personal and societal importance of helping people close to home in our everyday circles and investing in these local relationships. Caregiving, perhaps especially when unpaid and with little choice involved, is still a significant contribution. 45．What does the research focus on? A．The importance of volunteering. B．The economic value of caregiving. C．The impact of socioeconomic status. D．The perception of contributions to society. 46．Which type of tutoring can get the highest recognition according to this experiment? A．Tutoring a younger cousin. B．Tutoring a student for payment. C．Tutoring a kid at a Children’s Home. D．Tutoring a specific person in the experiment. 47．What we can infer from paragraph 6? A．Volunteering is the most meaningful activity. B．People hold broad views on societal contribution. C．The perception of caregiving needs to be reshaped. D．Society counts on meaningful contributions from its citizens. 48．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Unpaid Caregiving is Undervalued by Society B．Americans’ Perception of Societal Contributions C．The Demands of Aging Population on Caregiving D．The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Volunteering 【答案】45．D 46．C 47．C 48．A 【导语】本文是说明文。根据美国心理协会发布的一项研究，美国人认为，与无偿照顾家人或朋友相比，主动帮助陌生人对社会的贡献更大。但是无偿看护被社会低估，需要重塑对它的看法。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“Americans believe volunteering to help strangers contributes more to society than unpaid caregiving for family or friends, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.(根据美国心理协会发布的一项研究，美国人认为，与无偿照顾家人或朋友相比，主动帮助陌生人对社会的贡献更大。)”可知，这个研究关注的是对社会贡献的认知。故选D。 46．细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors. Though people thought tutoring a family member was more moral, they did not think tutoring a family member made a significantly greater contribution to society.(研究人员发现，无论社会经济地位如何，美国人都认为辅导陌生人比其他辅导贡献更大，应该得到更多的认可。虽然人们认为辅导家庭成员更道德，但他们并不认为辅导家庭成员对社会的贡献更大。)”可知，根据这个实验，在儿童之家辅导孩子能得到最高的认可。故选C。 47．推理判断题。根据第六段“These findings suggest that, as a society, we need a broader idea of what counts as a meaningful contribution, according to Reinhart.(根据莱因哈特的说法，这些发现表明，作为一个社会，我们需要更广泛地了解什么是有意义的贡献。)”可知，人们对看护的看法需要重塑。故选C。 48．主旨大意题。根据第五段“The researchers found that Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, thought that tutoring strangers made a greater contribution and deserved more recognition than the other tutors. (研究人员发现，无论社会经济地位如何，美国人都认为辅导陌生人比其他导师贡献更大，应该得到更多的认可。)”可知，本文主要讲述了主动帮助陌生人对社会的贡献更大。但是无偿看护应得到更多社会认可。“无偿看护被社会低估”适合做最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 13 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）None of us like to think we’d walk on by when someone needed our help. But sometimes we behave in ways we wouldn’t expect when encountering a situation we are unsure about. Research from the British Heart Foundation has suggested that a third of people would not perform first aid if they saw someone collapse on the street, with some even admitting they wouldn’t call an ambulance. This can sometimes mean that no one helps when someone desperately needs it. However, a lot of tragic events urge us to take immediate action. One of the most famous examples of this is the tragic case of Kitty Genovese who was fatally stabbed (刺、捅) in Kew Gardens, New York, in 1964. Follow-up investigations concluded that several people saw or heard what was happening, but did nothing to intervene. This has been termed the “bystander effect”—a well-known psychological phenomenon that individuals are less likely to offer help to someone when other people are present. The more people there are, the less likely they are to help. There are various factors contributing to this effect — people think that others will get involved or intervene. Afterwards people often say they did not feel qualified or senior or important enough to be the one to intervene. It is also partly down to “pluralistic ignorance” — since everyone is not reacting to the emergency, they don’t need to either; it’s not serious because no one else is doing anything. Self-awareness is the best antidote to it. When encountering an emergency, think to yourself how you would behave if you were on your own. Ignore everyone else and how they are behaving and go with your instinct (直觉) —if you’d call an ambulance, do it. If you’d run for help, do it. If that’s how you would have behaved when you were on your own then that’s probably the right course of action. 49．According to the first paragraph, what would some people do when someone needs help? A．To behave in proper ways. B．To rush to give a hand. C．To give immediate first aid. D．To hesitate to intervene. 50．Which of the following statements about “bystander effect” is correct? A．It is a rare psychological phenomenon. B．People are unwilling to help for lack of qualification. C．Someone will step in when more people are gathering. D．It results from “pluralistic ignorance” to some degree. 51．What does the underlined word “antidote” in the last paragraph mean? A．Devotion. B．Introduction. C．Solution. D．Resistance. 52．What is the best title for the text? A．Don’t Be a Bystander B．Stay away from Emergencies C．Raise Awareness of First Aid D．Don’t Intervene in “Bystander Effect” 【答案】49．D 50．D 51．C 52．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇提出人们在面对他人需要帮助时存在的一些不作为现象这一问题，接着通过Kitty Genovese的事例引入“旁观者效应”这一概念并对其进行分析阐述，包括产生该效应的多种因素，最后提出自我意识是应对“旁观者效应”的解决办法。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But sometimes we behave in ways we wouldn’t expect when encountering a situation we are unsure about. Research from the British Heart Foundation has suggested that a third of people would not perform first aid if they saw someone collapse on the street, with some even admitting they wouldn’t call an ambulance. (但有时，当我们遇到不确定的情况时，我们的行为方式会出乎我们的意料。英国心脏基金会的研究表明，如果看到有人在街上晕倒，三分之一的人不会进行急救，有些人甚至承认他们不会叫救护车。)”可知，有些人在他人需要帮助时会表现出犹豫，不确定是否要采取帮助行动，比如进行急救或叫救护车等，即，有些人会犹豫是否干预。故选D项。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段“There are various factors contributing to this effect — people think that others will get involved or intervene. Afterwards people often say they did not feel qualified or senior or important enough to be the one to intervene. It is also partly down to “pluralistic ignorance” — since everyone is not reacting to the emergency, they don’t need to either; it’s not serious because no one else is doing anything. (造成这种效应有多种因素——人们认为其他人会介入或干预。之后人们常说他们觉得自己不够格、不够资深或不够重要，不足以成为介入的那个人。这在一定程度上也归因于“多元无知”——既然每个人都对紧急情况没有反应，他们也觉得自己没必要反应；因为其他人都没做什么，所以就觉得情况不严重。)”可知，多个因素导致了旁观者效应，其中包括“多元无知”，即因所有人不反应所以认为不严重，故选D项。 51．词句猜题题。根据最后一段“Self-awareness is the best antidote to it. When encountering an emergency, think to yourself how you would behave if you were on your own. Ignore everyone else and how they are behaving and go with your instinct (直觉) —if you’d call an ambulance, do it. If you’d run for help, do it. If that’s how you would have behaved when you were on your own then that’s probably the right course of action. (自我意识是应对它的最佳……。当遇到紧急情况时，想想如果你独自面对会怎么做。忽略其他人以及他们的行为，听从你的直觉—— 如果你会叫救护车，那就叫。如果你会跑去求助，那就去。如果这是你独自面对时会采取的行为方式，那么这可能就是正确的行动方案。)”可知，自我意识是应对“旁观者效应”的最佳解决方案，段落阐述了通过自我意识按照自己本能行动的具体做法，由此可推断antidote在这里是指应对、解决“旁观者效应”的办法，故选C项。 52．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“This has been termed the “bystander effect”—a well-known psychological phenomenon that individuals are less likely to offer help to someone when other people are present. The more people there are, the less likely they are to help. (这被称为“旁观者效应”——一种众所周知的心理现象，当其他人在场时，个人不太可能向某人提供帮助。人越多，他们提供帮助的可能性就越小。)”及最后一段中“If you’d run for help, do it. If that’s how you would have behaved when you were on your own then that’s probably the right course of action. (如果你愿意寻求帮助，那就去做吧。如果这就是你独自一人时的行为方式，那么这可能是正确的做法。)”可知，文章主要围绕“旁观者效应”展开，讲述了人们在他人需要帮助时由于该效应而不施救的现象及原因，最后又提出通过自我意识避免成为旁观者的解决办法，整体都是在强调不要在他人有需要时只做旁观者，而要采取行动去帮助，A项“.Don’t Be a Bystander (不要成为旁观者)”最能概括全文，故选A项。 Passage 14 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期中）There have been many problems with our schools today, the biggest of which is closely related to our culture. In general, our culture, as represented in the media, gets excited by famous stars, and constantly stresses that it’s what you have, not what you are, that counts. Parents are encouraged to be away from even very small children for most of the day. Too many voters go for politicians who would rather cut school funding than get rid of tax cuts for the wealthy. All contribute greatly to the problems of educating our children. Today’s teachers have to deal with a culture that is vastly different from that in the past. They report that there is, among more children than ever, a lack of motivation, with no drive to succeed or even try. The role models that boys view in the media mostly consist of men in comedies and other shows who are rude and often extremely immature: self-centred overpaid athletes; men in movies, television dramas, video games, etc. who are lost in violence and power. As Leonard Sax wrote in Boys Adrift, “Teenage boys are looking for models of mature adulthood. But we no longer make any collective effort to provide such models.” Girls are attacked not only with such annoying images of males, but also with women who are preoccupied with appearance and are extremely materialistic. In such a cultural environment, it is more important than ever to have responsible, loving and caring parents who have enough time and motivation to devote themselves to their children and see it as their duty to serve as models for them and raise them with high standards of honesty and responsibility along with tending to their physical needs. They need to care enough to see that their children are not attacked with the garbage that comes from movies, television and computer screens. In today’s culture, they are basically alone in this effort since, unfortunately, so much is working against them. Unless we, as a culture, face the truth about ourselves — that we are not providing things adequately for a great many of our children — the storm will continue to rage (肆虐) on our education system. 53．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By showing differences. C．By describing a process. D．By using time order. 54．What does today’s culture probably bring to the children? A．Narrow access to entertainment. B．Poor understanding abilities. C．Few materialistic models. D．Little desire for success. 55．We can we infer from the passage? A．All politicians are against school funding. B．Parents today are less caring than in the past. C．Girls are more easily affected by the media than boys. D．Today’s culture in the media is misleading our children. 56．According to the text, what should parents do in today’s culture? A．Keep their children away from computers. B．Find honest models for their children. C．Devote themselves more to their children. D．Help their children develop motivation. 【答案】53．A 54．D 55．D 56．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕当前学校存在的问题展开讨论，分析问题产生的原因主要来自文化方面的影响，并提出相应的解决建议。 53．推理判断题。根据第一段“In general, our culture, as represented in the media, gets excited by famous stars, and constantly stresses that it’s what you have, not what you are, that counts. Parents are encouraged to be away from even very small children for most of the day. Too many voters go for politicians who would rather cut school funding than get rid of tax cuts for the wealthy. (一般来说，我们的文化，正如媒体所代表的那样，对明星感到兴奋，并不断强调重要的是你拥有什么，而不是你是什么。父母被鼓励在一天的大部分时间里远离即使是很小的孩子。太多的选民支持那些宁愿削减学校经费也不愿取消对富人减税的政客。)”可知，文章通过列举媒体对明星的追捧、父母远离孩子、政客削减学校经费等现象，分析了造成学校问题的原因。故选A。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today’s teachers have to deal with a culture that is vastly different from that in the past. They report that there is, among more children than ever, a lack of motivation, with no drive to succeed or even try. (今天的教师必须面对与过去大不相同的文化。他们报告说，越来越多的孩子缺乏动力，没有成功的动力，甚至没有尝试的动力。)”可知，当今文化可能给孩子们带来缺乏成功欲望的问题。故选D。 55．推理判断题。根据第二段“The role models that boys view in the media mostly consist of men in comedies and other shows who are rude and often extremely immature: self-centred overpaid athletes; men in movies, television dramas, video games, etc. who are lost in violence and power. As Leonard Sax wrote in Boys Adrift, “Teenage boys are looking for models of mature adulthood. But we no longer make any collective effort to provide such models.” Girls are attacked not only with such annoying images of males, but also with women who are preoccupied with appearance and are extremely materialistic.(男孩在媒体上看到的榜样大多是喜剧和其他节目中的粗鲁、往往极其不成熟的男性：以自我为中心、收入过高的运动员；电影、电视剧、电子游戏等中迷失在暴力和权力中的男人。正如伦纳德·萨克斯在《漂泊的男孩》中所写的那样，“十几岁的男孩在寻找成年的榜样。但我们不再共同努力提供这样的模型。”女孩们不仅受到这些令人讨厌的男性形象的攻击，而且还受到那些专注于外表和极端物质主义的女性的攻击。)”可知，当今文化中男孩看到的不良榜样以及女孩受到的不良影响，说明媒体呈现的当今文化误导了我们的孩子。故选D。 56．细节理解题。根据第三段“In such a cultural environment, it is more important than ever to have responsible, loving and caring parents who have enough time and motivation to devote themselves to their children and see it as their duty to serve as models for them and raise them with high standards of honesty and responsibility along with tending to their physical needs. (在这样的文化环境中，拥有负责任、充满爱心和关怀的父母比以往任何时候都更重要，他们有足够的时间和动力把自己奉献给孩子，并把成为孩子的榜样视为自己的责任，以高标准的诚实和责任培养他们，同时照顾他们的身体需求。)”可知，在当今文化中，父母应该更多地投入到孩子身上。故选C。 Passage 15 （24-25高二上·辽宁沈阳·期中）In our daily schedules and busy lives, there are moments when we tend to think about where we are heading in life. Can we say that we are living a successful life, or even heading toward one? How to achieve success in life actually depends on what success means to you. Most people think of success as getting a highly-paid job. But what they are forgetting is that a job is just a means to make your life easier. What is the point of earning a lot of money if you don’t get the time for people who are most important to you in life? After all, you are earning for them and yourself only, right? In addition, it is very difficult to keep a balance for those who are always looking for more and are never happy with themselves currently. It becomes, therefore, necessary to be thankful for all that you have achieved in life and be proud of yourself. Another key is to not only be confident but also respect what others say. A person who respects his elders and values their advice always becomes more successful in life compared to those with overconfidence. Most of us tend to focus on things that we don’t have. For example, you might be sad that you aren’t the manager of your company. However, you don’t understand the fact that there may be thousands of people who are dying to be in the place where you are right now. At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine. Obviously, life is to move forward. But then in the end, it is the experience you get from the journey of life that matters, not the destination you are heading toward. Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life. So what are you doing now to live a successful life? 57．What does the author think of work and life? A．Work is as necessary as life. B．Earn to live and don’t live to earn. C．A highly-paid job means a successful life. D．It’s hard to keep a balance between work and life. 58．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? A．The importance of keeping moving forward. B．The importance of making use of what you own. C．The importance of having confidence in yourself. D．The importance of being grateful for what you have. 59．What does the author suggest at the end of the text? A．Being proud of yourself. B．Living in the present happily. C．Being different from others in life. D．Determining the destination of your life. 60．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To give us some tips on being successful in life. B．To warn us not to just think about making money. C．To encourage us to be confident about the future life. D．To show us different views of different people on success. 【答案】57．B 58．D 59．B 60．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了成功生活的定义，指出成功不仅在于高薪工作或物质财富，更在于平衡生活、感恩成就、尊重他人及享受每一刻的快乐。 57．推理判断题。 根据文章第二段的“Most people think of success as getting a highly-paid job. But what they are forgetting is that a job is just a means to make your life easier. What is the point of earning a lot of money if you don’t get the time for people who are most important to you in life? After all, you are earning for them and yourself only, right?(大多数人认为成功就是找到一份高薪工作。但他们忘记的是，工作只是让你的生活更轻松的一种手段。如果你没有时间陪伴生活中对你最重要的人，那么赚很多钱又有什么意义呢？毕竟，你只为他们和你自己赚钱，对吧？)”可知，作者对于工作和生活的看法是：挣钱是为了生活，而生活并不是为了挣钱。故选B项。 58．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段的“Most of us tend to focus on things that we don’t have. For example, you might be sad that you aren’t the manager of your company. However, you don’t understand the fact that there may be thousands of people who are dying to be in the place where you are right now. At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine.(我们大多数人倾向于关注我们没有的东西。例如，你可能会因为自己不是公司的经理而感到难过。然而，你不明白这样一个事实，即可能有成千上万的人渴望来到你现在所在的地方。有时候，数着手中的硬币总比后悔没有得到金矿要好)”可知，作者认为，我们不应该总是专注于自己没有的东西，而应该对自己所拥有的一切心怀感激。故选D项。 59．推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段的“Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life.(生活中的成功对不同的人来说可能不同，但快乐地生活每一刻是人生成功的关键)”可知，作者建议把握现在，快乐地活在当下才是人生成功的关键。故选B项。 60．推理判断题。 根据文章第一段的“How to achieve success in life actually depends on what success means to you. (如何在生活中取得成功实际上取决于成功对你意味着什。)”和第三段的“It becomes, therefore, necessary to be thankful for all that you have achieved in life and be proud of yourself. Another key is to not only be confident but also respect what others say. (因此，有必要感谢你在生活中所取得的一切，并为自己感到骄傲。另一个关键是不仅要自信，还要尊重别人说的话)”和第四段的“At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine. (有时候，数着手中的硬币总比后悔没有得到金矿要好)”和文章最后一段“Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life. (生活中的成功对不同的人来说可能不同，但快乐地生活每一刻是人生成功的关键)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何定义成功以及如何在生活中取得成功。作者就如何才能拥有成功的人生给出了一些建议，即：挣钱是为了生活，而生活并不是为了挣钱；对于自己所拥有的一切心存感激，自信并且尊重他人的意见；把握现在，快乐地活在当下，不要过度执着于赚钱。故选A项。 Passage 16 （24-25高二上·河南·阶段练习）Recently, South Australia has committed an additional $17.1 million to the National Fire Ant Eradication Program to fight against one of the world’s most invasive pests—the red imported fire ant. They might be only 2-6mm long, but they can destroy crops and machinery, and make yards, parks, and farmlands unusable. They can also damage electrical equipment including streetlights and telecommunication networks. And they can bring a painful sting (叮) that has the potential to cause a deadly allergic reaction in people, pets and livestock. The red fire ants, which were from South American countries and were first discovered in Brisbane in 2001, have not been discovered in South Australia and currently are only present in Queensland and New South Wales (NSW). But they can spread to new territory quickly. Five nests (巢) were ascertained in northern NSW in November 2023. The ants generally spread through human activity, mainly the moving of polluted soil, plants or agricultural machinery, and once in a new area, they can rapidly establish a new nest. The National Fire Ant Eradication Program includes a four-year response plan worth $ 592.8 million, which will use the latest technology and innovative approaches to eventually sweep away fire ants. The State Government’s latest funding commitment is on top of $6.5 million already committed to the program. Reece Pianta, Advocacy Manager with the Invasive Species Council, said “Fire ants are one of the world’s worst super-pests and if they are allowed to spread, their economic impact will be greater than rabbits, feral cats and foxes combined. They will damage Australia’s environment and agriculture, cost our economy billions annually and we could see hundreds of thousands of extra medical visits every year as they sting Australians at the park or in the backyard.” Red imported fire ants are a notifiable (须申报的) pest in South Australia which means there is a legal obligation for people to report any suspected detections to the Exotic Plant Pest Hotline on 1800084881. 61．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The prediction for the program. B．The impact of the red fire ants. C．The appearance of the ants. D．The South Australia’s policy. 62．What does the underlined word “ascertained” mean in paragraph 3? A．Established. B．Restored. C．Displayed. D．Detected. 63．What may red fire ants result in according to Reece Pianta? A．Enormous economic losses. B．Run-down tourism. C．Environmental pollution. D．Outdated medical service. 64．What is the best title of the text? A．Red Fire Ants Are Spreading in Australia B．Millions Added to Fight Deadly Fire Ants C．Australians Are Warned of The Red Fire Ants D．A New Approach for Sweeping Away Fire Ants 【答案】61．B 62．D 63．A 64．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了南澳大利亚州向国家红火蚁根除计划额外拨款1710万美元，用于对抗红火蚁。 61．主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“They might be only 2-6mm long, but they can destroy crops and machinery, and make yards, parks, and farmlands unusable. They can also damage electrical equipment including streetlights and telecommunication networks. (它们可能只有2-6mm长，但它们会破坏农作物和机械，使院子、公园和农田无法使用。它们还会损坏包括路灯和电信网络在内的电气设备。)”可知，本段介绍了红火蚁会破坏农作物和机械，还会损坏电气设备，由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是红火蚁的影响。故选B项。 62．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“But they can spread to new territory quickly. (但它们可以迅速传播到新的领域。)”可知，红火蚁的传播速度非常快，由此可知，下文指研究人员在新南威尔士州北部发现了五个巢穴，“Detected”意为“发现，查明”，能够表达画线单词在句中的意思。故选D项。 63．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Reece Pianta, Advocacy Manager with the Invasive Species Council, said “Fire ants are one of the world’s worst super-pests and if they are allowed to spread, their economic impact will be greater than rabbits, feral cats and foxes combined. (入侵物种委员会的宣传经理Reece Pianta说：“火蚁是世界上最严重的超级害虫之一，如果允许它们传播，它们带来的经济影响将超过兔子、野猫和狐狸的总和。)”可知，Reece Pianta说红火蚁带来的经济影响将超过兔子、野猫和狐狸的总和，由此可知，根据Reece Pianta的说法，红火蚁会带来巨大的经济损失。故选A项。 64．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Recently, South Australia has committed an additional $17. 1 million to the National Fire Ant Eradication Program to fight against one of the world’s most invasive pests—the red imported fire ant. (最近，南澳大利亚州向国家红火蚁根除计划额外拨款1710万美元，用于对抗世界上最具入侵性的害虫之一——红火蚁。)”可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了南澳大利亚州为根除红火蚁，拨款1710万美元的事情，“Millions Added to Fight Deadly Fire Ants”意为“数百万美元加入抗击致命火蚁的行列”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选B项。 Passage 17 （24-25高二上·湖北鄂州·期中）Finnish Lapland, in the far north of Europe, is home to some 180, 000 people and around 200, 000 reindeer (驯鹿) . The animals live wild but each one has an owner, identified by a mark on its ear. Anne Ollila, 50, one of 4, 000 such owners, works in the Finnish part of this region with her husband and two adult sons and their families. They farm the animals mainly for meat, but reindeer tourism has also become an important source of income. Ollila lives 80 kilometres inside the Arctic Circle, an hour from Lapland’s capital city, Rovaniemi, and seven kilometres from her nearest neighbour. Summer days — when the reindeer raisers earmark newborn reindeer—are long and in June the sun never sets. At that time Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 20 kilometres a night through the forest, making the most of the cooler temperatures to do her work but having to endure large groups of insects along the way. In deepest winter, there is little daylight. Many grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection against wolves and golden eagles — the birds can kill an adult reindeer. Ollila and her family offer tourists reindeer experiences through their company Reindeer Journey. Visitors can get close to the animals in the wild or at their farm, watching them being trained to pull sledges (雪橇) or take a sleigh ride. “Reindeer are very smart animals, ” Ollila says. “They have different personalities, and some are very funny. ” One of her favourites is Rocky, named after the movie boxing legend. “He’s very curious and always in trouble, ” she says. “He once got himself stuck in tree branches and had to be lifted out, and he has been known to walk off with his owners’ drying underwear. ” Ollila gave up her job as a sociology researcher at the University of Lapland in 2010 to devote herself to raising reindeer. “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom, ” she says. “Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to a way of life through the generations. ” 65．What does the underlined word “endure” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Go away with. B．Put up with. C．Look forward to. D．Catch up with. 66．Why do the reindeer move into the forest in winter according to the text? A．To protect themselves. B．To find their owners. C．To get earmarked. D．To avoid cold temperatures. 67．What does Ollila think of Rocky? A．He is afraid of his owner. B．He is a famous filmmaker. C．He is interested in planting trees. D．He is a troublemaker. 68．What can we infer about Ollila from the last paragraph? A．She has been a sociology researcher since 2010. B．She has long been tired of raising reindeer. C．She has a deep feeling for nature. D．She had no chance to receive a college education. 【答案】65．B 66．A 67．D 68．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Anne Ollila 和她的家人饲养驯鹿的故事。 65．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“At that time Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 20 kilometres a night through the forest, making the most of the cooler temperatures to do her work but having to(在那个时候，奥利拉白天睡觉，晚上在森林里步行20公里，利用最凉爽的温度来完成她的工作)”及画线词后文“large groups of insects along the way(一路上大群的昆虫)”以及but表示转折，可知奥利拉利用晚上来完成工作，但是要忍受大群的昆虫。故划线词的意思是“忍受”。故选B。 66．细节理解题。根据第三段“In deepest winter, there is little daylight. Many grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection against wolves and golden eagles — the birds can kill an adult reindeer.(在深冬，几乎没有日光。许多草原都被冻结了，驯鹿为了躲避狼和金雕而进入森林——金雕可以杀死一只成年驯鹿)”可知，驯鹿在冬天进入森林是为了保护自己。故选A。 67．细节理解题。根据第五段“One of her favourites is Rocky, named after the movie boxing legend. “He’s very curious and always in trouble, ” she says. “He once got himself stuck in tree branches and had to be lifted out, and he has been known to walk off with his owners’ drying underwear. ”(她最喜欢的一个是洛基，以电影拳击传奇人物的名字命名。“他很好奇，总是惹麻烦，”她说。“它曾经被困在树枝上，不得不被人抬出来，它还曾偷走主人正在晾晒的内衣。”)” 可知，Ollila认为Rocky总是闯祸。故选D。 68．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ollila gave up her job as a sociology researcher at the University of Lapland in 2010 to devote herself to raising reindeer. “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom, ” she says. “Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to a way of life through the generations. ”(2010年，奥利拉放弃了拉普兰大学社会学研究员的工作，全身心地投入到驯鹿饲养中。“我喜欢这里的环境、动物和自由，”她说。“而且，我有一种归属感，属于比我更重要的东西，属于世代相传的生活方式。”)” 可推断，Ollila对大自然有着深厚的感情。故选C。 Passage 18 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）Two months ago Daisy Greenwell and Clare Fernyhough set up a WhatsApp group to discuss how to delay their young children’s demands for smartphones. After they posted about their plans on Instagram, other parents wanted in. Now their group, Smartphone - Free Childhood, has more than 60,000 followers debating how to keep their children away from the demon devices — a debate they are naturally conducting on smartphones of their own. This group, based in Britain, is not the only one worried about children’s screen time. Last month the state of Florida passed a law banning social media for under - 14s. Britain’s government is reportedly considering a ban on mobile - phone sales to under-16s. The concerns are summed up by a recent book by Jonathan Haidt, “The Anxious Generation”, which argues that smartphones, and especially the social networks accessed through them, are causing a dreadful “rewiring of childhood”. First, smartphones and social media have become a big part of childhood. By the age of 12 nearly every child has a phone, according to research in Britain. Once they get one, social media is how they spend most of their screen time. American teens spend nearly five hours a day on social apps, according to polls(民意调查) by Gallup. YouTube, TikTok and Instagram are most popular (Facebook, the world’s largest social network, is a distant fourth). Second, most agree that in much of the rich world there has been a decline in mental health among the young. The share of American teenagers reporting at least one “major depressive episode” in the past year has increased by more than 150% since 2010. Are the phenomena linked? The timing is suggestive: mental health began to slide just as smartphones and social apps took off, in the 2010s. Some studies also suggest that children who spend more time on social media have poorer mental health than lighter users. But such correlations do not prove causation: it may be, for instance, that depressed, lonely children choose to spend more time doom-scrolling than happy ones do. 69．Which aspect does the WhatsApp group focus on? A．Debate on smartphones’ function. B．Ways to quit using smartphones. C．Plans to attract more worried parents. D．Methods to rid kids of smartphones. 70．Why does the author mention Jonathan Haidt’s book in paragraph 3? A．To show Hadit’s concerns for smartphones. B．To stress the importance of one’s childhood. C．To indicate the negative impact of smartphones. D．To support the policies on social media and mobile phones. 71．What can be learned from the passage? A．Britain’s government is considering a ban to limit mobile-phone sales. B．Social network companies are responsible for teenagers’ mental decline. C．Children’s mental depression may be closely related to smartphones. D．Children spending more time on social media tend to be unhealthier. 72．What can be a suitable title for this text? A．Concerns over Teenagers’ Use of Smartphones B．Smartphone Addiction: It Is Killing Our Next Generation C．The Rise of Smartphone-Free Movement D．Keep Away from Smartphones and Social Media 【答案】69．D 70．C 71．C 72．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了儿童使用智能手机和社交媒体的问题及其对心理健康的影响。 69．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Two months ago Daisy Greenwell and Clare Fernyhough set up a WhatsApp group to discuss how to delay their young children’s demands for smartphones.(两个月前，Daisy Greenwell 和 Clare Fernyhough 建立了一个 WhatsApp 小组，讨论如何推迟他们年幼的孩子对智能手机的需求)”可推知，该小组的重点是找方法减少儿童使用智能手机。故选D。 70．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The concerns are summed up by a recent book by Jonathan Haidt, ‘The Anxious Generation’, which argues that smartphones, and especially the social networks accessed through them, are causing a dreadful “rewiring of childhood”(这些担忧在乔纳森·哈特最近的书《焦虑的一代》中得到了总结，该书认为智能手机，尤其是通过它们访问的社交网络，正在导致可怕的“童年重塑”)”可知，提到这本书是为了表明智能手机的负面影响。故选C。 71．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Some studies also suggest that children who spend more time on social media have poorer mental health than lighter users(一些研究还表明，花更多时间在社交媒体上的孩子比不太使用的人心理健康更差)”可推知，儿童的心理抑郁可能与智能手机密切相关。故选C。 72．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其结合第一段中“Now their group, Smartphone-Free Childhood, has more than 60 ,000 followers debating how to keep their children away from the demon-devices.(现在，他们的小组“远离智能手机的童年”有6万多名追随者在讨论如何让他们的孩子远离这些邪恶的设备)”和第五段中“Some studies also suggest that children who spend more time on social media have poorer mental health than those who don’t.(一些研究还表明，花更多时间在社交媒体上的孩子比不花时间在社交媒体上的孩子心理健康状况更差)”可知，文章介绍了儿童使用屏幕时间增加的现象，特别是智能手机和社交媒体对儿童的危害，故“智能手机成瘾：它正在杀死我们的下一代”是文章最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 19 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）BLACK MYTH: WUKONG, China’s first AAA video game, has proved a big success. Within an hour of its release on August 20, the game rose to the top of the global chart on Steam, a leading gaming platform. Over 2.2 million active players were recorded at its peak. Adapted from the Chinese classic Journey to the West, Black Myth: Wukong recreates the story of its most beloved character. What sets the game apart is its stunning graphics, immersive game play and its deep connection with traditional culture. Players not only enjoy the game for its combat (打斗) and storyline but also for its fine recreation of historical sites. “The ancient buildings in the game are well integrated with the storyline. I’m planning to visit the filming locations soon to experience the cultural heritage first hand,” said a player from Beijing. In addition to artistic illustrations, the game developers used 3D scanning technology to recreate these ancient wonders. This allows for a more lifelike insight into China’s architectural past. The game’s impact reaches beyond the virtual world, though. An interest in ancient architecture has grown among young people. In response, Shanxi Province, one of the game’s key filming locations, is actively promoting its rich cultural resources to meet the growing demand. Known as the “treasure of ancient Chinese architecture,” Shanxi is home to 531 nationally protected cultural heritage sites. They make up 10.5 percent of China’s total, the highest in the nation. Among 36 filming locations of Black Myth: Wukong, 27 are located in Shanxi. “We’ve received oceans of visitors a day since July, a threefold increase year on year (同比),” said Liu Xiaogang, the director of the scenic area. Most of the visitors are fans of the popular game who have traveled long distances to the location, he added. On the day of the game’s release, tourism interest in Shanxi reportedly doubled compared to the previous month. To capitalize on this trend, Shanxi quickly rolled out an ancient architecture tour on August 22, Besides the “Follow Wukong Through Shanxi” route map, it has also developed a variety of cultural products. 73．What distinguishes “Black Myth: Wukong” from other games? A．It is the most successful game. B．It employs advanced technology. C．It features attractive characters. D．It is integrated with traditional culture. 74．How does the author show the game’s impact on tourism? A．Using statistics. B．Giving a definition. C．Listing examples. D．Making a comparison. 75．What does the phrase “capitalize on” mean in the last paragraph mean? A．Take advantage of. B．Make money from. C．Catch up with. D．Catch on. 76．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．The game sparked interest in ancient Chinese literature. B．The government launched measures to promote tourism. C．Tourism interest doubled in Shanxi compared to last year. D．Most protected cultural heritage sites are located in Shanxi. 【答案】73．D 74．D 75．A 76．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国首款AAA级游戏《黑神话：悟空》的成功发行情况，包括其在Steam平台上的亮眼成绩、特色之处，以及该游戏对现实中旅游业的影响，如引发年轻人对古建筑的兴趣，促使山西省采取相关旅游推广举措等。 73．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“What sets the game apart is its stunning graphics, immersive game play and its deep connection with traditional culture.(使这款游戏与众不同的是其令人惊叹的画面、沉浸式的游戏玩法以及与传统文化的深度融合)” 可知，《黑神话：悟空》与其他游戏的区别在于它与传统文化相融合，故选D项。 74．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““We’ve received oceans of visitors a day since July, a threefold increase year on year (同比),” said Liu Xiaogang, the director of the scenic area.(景区负责人刘晓刚说：“自7月以来，我们每天接待的游客数量大幅增加，同比增长了三倍。”)”以及“On the day of the game’s release, tourism interest in Shanxi reportedly doubled compared to the previous month.(据报道，在游戏发行当天，山西省的旅游兴趣较上月翻了一番)”等内容可知，文章对比游戏发行前后山西省的旅游情况来展示该游戏对旅游业的影响，可推理出作者是通过作比较的方式来体现的，故选D项。 75．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“To capitalize on this trend, Shanxi quickly rolled out an ancient architecture tour on August 22, Besides the “Follow Wukong Through Shanxi” route map, it has also developed a variety of cultural products.(为了……这一趋势，山西省于8月22日迅速推出了古建筑之旅。除了“跟着悟空游山西”路线图外，还开发了多种文化产品)”，结合前文提到游戏带动了当地旅游业发展，这里山西省推出相关旅游活动及产品，应是要利用这一趋势，所以“capitalize on”意为“利用”，与“Take advantage of”意思相近，故选A项。 76．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The game’s impact reaches beyond the virtual world, though. An interest in ancient architecture has grown among young people. In response, Shanxi Province, one of the game’s key filming locations, is actively promoting its rich cultural resources to meet the growing demand.(游戏的影响不仅限于虚拟世界。年轻人对古建筑的兴趣日益浓厚。作为游戏主要拍摄地之一的山西省，正在积极响应，推广其丰富的文化资源以满足不断增长的需求)”以及最后一段“To capitalize on this trend, Shanxi quickly rolled out an ancient architecture tour on August 22, Besides the “Follow Wukong Through Shanxi” route map, it has also developed a variety of cultural products.(为了抓住这一趋势，山西迅速于8月22日推出了古建筑旅游线路。除了“跟着悟空游山西”的路线图外，还开发了多种文化产品)”可知，因为游戏《黑神话：悟空》引发了年轻人对古建筑的兴趣，山西省作为游戏的主要拍摄地之一，积极推广其丰富的文化资源以满足日益增长的需求，如推出古建筑之旅、开发多种文化产品等，由此可推断出政府采取了措施来促进旅游业发展，故选B项。 Passage 20 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中）In 2015, Brian Peterson, a car designer for Kia Motors, moved to Santa Ana, California, with his wife, Vanessa. There, they often met a homeless man named Matt Faris, who would frequently shout on the street corner, sometimes disturbing their sleep. Initially, Peterson had no interaction with Faris, but everything changed after reading the book Love Does, which stressed the power of love in action. Inspired by the book, Peterson decided to introduce himself to Faris. In their first conversation, Peterson learned that Faris had moved to Southern California from Kentucky in pursuit of a music career but had fallen on hard times, living on the streets for over a decade. Despite Faris’s rough appearance, Peterson saw beauty in him and felt forced to paint his portrait, even though he hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in eight years. Faris agreed, marking the start of a transformative project. So Peterson went to establish Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization dedicated to painting portraits of unhoused individuals in the community. He captures each subject’s personality through colors and then sells the portraits, splitting the earnings with the subject. Half of the funds are placed in a “love account”, which helps them to address their personal needs. However, Peterson learned the importance of asking people directly how they wanted to use the money rather than assuming what they need most. For example, Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, while another subject, Kimberly Sondoval, used the money to help pay her daughter’s rent. Over the years, Peterson’s project expanded, leading him to found Faces of Mankind, where artists nationwide paint portraits of the homeless. To date, Peterson has personally painted 41 portraits. His work not only provides financial assistance but also fosters understanding and connection between the buyers and the subjects, with many buyers developing friendships with the individuals they initially overlooked. Peterson hopes his work will continue to change how people perceive the homeless. 77．What inspired Brian Peterson to approach Matt Faris? A．He saw Faris had artistic talent. B．He read a book about love in action. C．He wanted to complain about Faris’s shouting. D．He intended to found a nonprofit organization. 78．How does Brian Peterson deal with the money he earns from selling the portraits? A．He donates it to charities. B．He uses it to expand his project. C．He sponsors the homeless to buy art supplies. D．He keeps half and gives the other half to his subjects. 79．What is true about Peterson in Paragraph 3? A．He believes in giving without accepting. B．He prefers to decide how the money should be spent. C．He helps people based on their personal needs. D．He funds them to develop art-related projects. 80．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Painting for Homeless B．Art Can Cure Homelessness C．The Story of Matt Faris D．Selling Portraits for Charity 【答案】77．B 78．D 79．C 80．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Brian Peterson受到一本书的启发，开始为无家可归者画肖像，并创建了相关项目，通过艺术帮助无家可归者，改变人们对无家可归者的看法，促进社会理解和联系。 77．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Initially, Peterson had no interaction with Faris, but everything changed after reading the book Love Does, which stressed the power of love in action. Inspired by the book, Peterson decided to introduce himself to Faris. (起初，Peterson和Faris没有任何互动，但在阅读了Love Does一书后，一切都改变了，这本书强调了爱在行动中的力量。受到这本书的启发，Peterson决定向Faris介绍自己)”可知，Peterson读了一本关于行动中的爱的书，受到了启发，决定去接近Faris。故选B项。 78．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He captures each subject’s personality through colors and then sells the portraits, splitting the earnings with the subject. Half of the funds are placed in a “love account”, which helps them to address their personal needs. (他通过色彩捕捉每个绘画对象的个性，然后出售这些肖像，与绘画对象平分收入。一半的资金被存入一个“爱心账户”，帮助他们解决个人需求)”可知，Peterson把卖肖像画赚来的钱平分，一半存进账户，另一半给绘画对象。故选D项。 79．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, Peterson learned the importance of asking people directly how they wanted to use the money rather than assuming what they need most. For example, Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, while another subject, Kimberly Sondoval, used the money to help pay her daughter’s rent. (然而，Peterson明白了直接询问人们想如何使用这笔钱的重要性，而不是假设他们最需要什么。例如，Faris用他的肖像所得的钱录制了一张专辑，而另一个绘画对象Kimberly Sondoval用这笔钱帮助支付女儿的房租)”可知，Peterson根据无家可归者的个人需要来帮助他们。故选C项。 80．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Over the years, Peterson’s project expanded, leading him to found Faces of Mankind, where artists nationwide paint portraits of the homeless. To date, Peterson has personally painted 41 portraits. His work not only provides financial assistance but also fosters understanding and connection between the buyers and the subjects, with many buyers developing friendships with the individuals they initially overlooked. (多年来，Peterson的项目不断扩大，他创立了Faces of Mankind，全国各地的艺术家都为无家可归的人画肖像。到目前为止，Peterson已经亲自画了41幅肖像画。他的工作不仅提供了经济援助，还促进了买家和绘画对象之间的理解和联系，许多买家与他们最初忽视的个人建立了友谊)”可知，文章主要讲述了Brian Peterson如何通过绘画肖像来帮助无家可归者，并通过这种方式改变人们对无家可归者的看法。A项“为无家可归者绘画”最能概括文章的主要内容，适合作为文章标题。B项“艺术可以治愈无家可归者”中“治愈”夸大了Peterson的行为和项目的影响；C项“Matt Faris的故事”仅提及Matt Faris，未体现Peterson的项目和它对多个无家可归者的影响；D项“为慈善事业出售肖像”虽然接近文章主题，但没有明确指出Peterson帮助的对象是无家可归者。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$