专题03 阅读理解（一）20篇【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题03 阅读理解（一）20篇 Passage 01 （24-25高二上·江西·期中）India has been one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of wheat and rice. “We used to know when it would rain and for how long, and we planted our seeds (种子) accordingly,” said P. Ravinder Reddy, a former Indian soldier who turned to farming on his family’s land 16 years ago. “Now, many times the seeds don’t grow either because there’s too much rain or it’s completely dry.” Some are taking to what is called natural farming — techniques like planting crops alongside trees and other plants that can protect crops from wind and some extreme weather— to deal with climate change. But that can mean reduced yields (产量), so India’s government is promoting the use of new varieties of rice seeds that don’ t decrease yields. According to a United Nations report released earlier this year, more than 700 million people went hungry last year and over a third of the global population is unable to afford a healthy diet. Apart from India, other programs including a United States government program and privately funded projects are helping develop new seeds that can adapt to climate change in Africa, Central America and other Asian countries. “We really need these seeds to deal with these multiple issues created by global warming,” said Ashok Kumar Singh, former director of New Delhi-based Indian Agriculture Research Institute and a scientist who specializes in plant genetics and breeding. Singh has overseen the creation of multiple successful rice varieties to resist various plant diseases. And his organization, with funding from the government, has released more than 2,000 seed varieties in the last decade. “Ensuring that farmers know about such seeds, can afford them and are trained to use them properly is as important as creating the seeds,” said Aditi Mukherji, director for climate change adaptation and mitigation at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and an author of several United Nations climate reports. 1．What can we learn from P. Ravinder Reddy’s words? A．He has been a soldier for sixteen years. B．He has an approach to helping seeds grow. C．The climate in India has become extreme. D．It is easy to predict when it will rain in India. 2．What is a consequence of applying natural farming? A．Yield decrease. B．Energy shortage. C．Land loss. D．Environmental harm. 3．What does the author want to show by mentioning 700 million people? A．The rising population around the world. B．The right way of keeping a healthy diet. C．The importance of a United Nations report. D．The necessity for developing tougher seeds. 4．What is Aditi Mukherji’s suggestion for the governments? A．Training their farmers. B．Creating more jobs. C．Raising the price of seeds. D．Ensuring personal security. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。全球气候变暖迫使各国政府不断开发更适应气候变化的种子。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中““We used to know when it would rain and for how long, and we planted our seeds (种子) accordingly,” said P. Ravinder Reddy, a former Indian soldier who turned to farming on his family’s land 16 years ago. “Now, many times the seeds don’t grow either because there’s too much rain or it’s completely dry.” (“我们过去知道什么时候会下雨，会下雨多久，我们就会据此播种，”P. Ravinder Reddy说。他曾是一名印度士兵，16年前开始在自家的土地上种地。“现在，很多时候种子不生长，要么是因为雨水太多，要么是因为完全干燥。”)”可推断，印度的气候变得极端。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some are taking to what is called natural farming — techniques like planting crops alongside trees and other plants that can protect crops from wind and some extreme weather— to deal with climate change. But that can mean reduced yields (产量), so India’s government is promoting the use of new varieties of rice seeds that don’ t decrease yields. (一些人正在采取所谓的自然农业技术，比如在树木和其他植物旁边种植作物，这些植物可以保护作物免受风和一些极端天气的影响，以应对气候变化。但这可能意味着减产，因此印度政府正在推广使用不会减产的新品种水稻种子。)”可知，实施自然农耕会导致产量下降。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“According to a United Nations report released earlier this year, more than 700 million people went hungry last year and over a third of the global population is unable to afford a healthy diet. Apart from India, other programs including a United States government program and privately funded projects are helping develop new seeds that can adapt to climate change in Africa, Central America and other Asian countries. (根据联合国今年早些时候发布的一份报告，去年有7亿多人挨饿，全球三分之一以上的人口无法负担健康的饮食。除印度外，包括美国政府项目和私人资助项目在内的其他项目正在帮助开发能够适应非洲、中美洲和其他亚洲国家气候变化的新种子。)”可推断，作者在第三段提及遭受饥饿之苦的7亿人口是为了表明培育更顽强的种子的必要性。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Ensuring that farmers know about such seeds, can afford them and are trained to use them properly is as important as creating the seeds,” said Aditi Mukherji, director for climate change adaptation and mitigation at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and an author of several United Nations climate reports. (国际农业研究协商小组气候变化适应和减缓主任、几份联合国气候报告的作者Aditi Mukherji说：“确保农民了解这类种子，能够负担得起它们，并接受正确使用它们的培训，这与创造种子同样重要。”)”可知，Aditi Mukherji建议各国政府培训他们的农民。故选A。 Passage 02 （24-25高二上·浙江温州·期中）“The climate time bomb is ticking,” said UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres at a recent meeting. Preventing global warming from reaching the 1. 5 °C limit is “achievable” but it will take a giant leap in climate action, Guterres added. As cities develop, some sources of carbon emissions (排放) may be hard to notice for most people, for example, the bricks used in buildings. US company Biomason has produced bio-based cement (水泥), which can sharply cut emissions during traditional cement production. “We grow cement the same way nature does,” wrote the company’s website. How the cement is “grown” is based on biomineralization, the process by which living organisms produce minerals. One example of biomineralization is coral reefs. Massive reef structures are formed when each individual stony coral produces calcium carbonate, a kind of mineral. Although the stony corals are tiny, one reef structure, built by millions of stony corals, can grow to weigh several tons. This biobased cement alternative is called Biolith. During the production of each Biolith tile, bacteria and nutrients are mixed with sand. Organisms then produce calcium carbonate by absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen (氮). However, the process doesn’t change the size of the Biolith tile instead, it increases the density. The produced calcium carbonate forms bridges between the grains, strengthening the unit from within. It takes less than 72 hours to let a Biolith tile “grow” fully, while traditional concrete requires about 28 days to make a brick. The company aims to “remove 25 percent of carbon emissions from the concrete industry by 2030,” according to its website. Traditional concrete is made of crushed stones. The process involves heating the stone to temperatures greater than 1,300 °C, during which carbon dioxide is emitted. The manufacture of Biolith, however, doesn’t involve heating, which greatly reduces carbon emissions. The company plans on increasing the use of bio-based bricks, covering 35,000 square meters in Europe by the end of this year. 5．What is biomineralization? A．The process of producing bio-based cement. B．The process of controlling calcium carbonate. C．The process of producing minerals by living organisms. D．The process of absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen. 6．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the production of Biolith? A．It requires temperatures greater than 1,300° C． B．It takes as long as traditional concrete to fully harden. C．It involves the use of living organisms to create calcium carbonate. D．It releases more carbon dioxide than traditional concrete production. 7．What is the main advantage of Biolith over traditional concrete? A．It makes bricks larger and more durable. B．It requires no heating, cutting carbon emissions. C．It reduces the amount of sand used in construction. D．It reduces the time needed for concrete to set by half. 8．Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of the article? A．To explain how climate change affects coral reefs. B．To highlight the difficulties in creating eco-friendly cement. C．To discuss global climate goals and their impact on construction. D．To describe a company’s efforts to reduce emissions in the concrete industry. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国公司Biommason生产出了生物水泥，可以大大减少传统水泥生产过程中的碳排放。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“How the cement is “grown” is based on biomineralization, the process by which living organisms produce minerals.( 水泥如何“生长”是基于生物矿化，生物矿化是生物体产生矿物质的过程。)”可知，生物矿化是生物产生矿物质的过程。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This biobased cement alternative is called Biolith. During the production of each Biolith tile, bacteria and nutrients are mixed with sand. Organisms then produce calcium carbonate by absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen.( 这种生物基水泥替代品被称为生物石。在生产每个生物石瓦的过程中，细菌和营养物质与沙子混合。然后，生物体通过吸收由钙和氮组成的液体产生碳酸钙。)”可知，根据文章，关于生物石的生产，它涉及到利用生物有机体来制造碳酸钙这些陈述是正确的。ABD项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The manufacture of Biolith, however, doesn’t involve heating, which greatly reduces carbon emissions.( 然而，生物石的制造不涉及加热，这大大减少了碳排放。)”可知，与传统混凝土相比，生物石的主要优势是它不需要加热，减少了碳排放。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“US company Biomason has produced bio-based cement (水泥), which can sharply cut emissions during traditional cement production.( 美国公司Biommason已经生产出生物基水泥，这种水泥可以在传统水泥生产过程中大幅减少排放。)”和最后一段中“The company plans on increasing the use of bio-based bricks, covering 35,000 square meters in Europe by the end of this year.( 该公司计划增加生物基砖的使用，到今年年底在欧洲覆盖3.5万平方米。)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍Biomason公司为减少混凝土行业排放所做的努力。故选D项。 Passage 03 （24-25高二上·浙江温州·期中）There has been a battle raging in my living room — a deep-rooted standoff that began when I was a child of about nine. That is the age I was when my parents purchased a second-hand piano to support my continuing musical training. Some may characterize it as a love-hate relationship, even though I believe the bond between us is more than that. Of course, on the “hate” side there were plenty of frustrating hours spent practicing, the forced performances for relatives, the trimmed fingernails. And the responsibility I had to shoulder, as my family sacrificed a lot for me to have piano lessons, because I had talent. My teachers said so and, truthfully, my heart said so, too. But all too often it felt like a burden. There was also love on that piano bench. There were times when I could feel the music ring through me. I could feel it vibrate through my fingers. The connection between two people when performing a duet was beautiful. When my music landed on my audience it made me want to play forever. But my musical talent did not survive my teenage years. It was no competition for the freedom I sought and eventually fought for. When I had a home of my own, the piano mostly sat unloved or at least unused, feeling fingers on the keys only during Christmas and when my own children took piano lessons. I know every inch of this piano. I spent years of my life in front of this piano. Awaiting my free will to ripen enough to release me from lessons. Awaiting my life to begin. Awaiting my mother to leave the room so I could secretly read my book while practicing scales. It feels like I am giving away the family pet. So here I sit playing my last tune before the movers take the piano away and surprisingly there lies a growing desire for something else. It is time to clear the air to let in a different melody. Time to say, “Thank you for being part of my life,” take a bow and leave the stage… with one final note rising up alongside the dust in a sunbeam. 9．What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean? A．Conflict. B．Challenge. C．Relationship. D．Understanding. 10．Why did the author feel frustrated about playing piano? A．She lacked the talent in playing the piano. B．She had to give up activities she enjoyed. C．She felt burdened because of the responsibility. D．She couldn’t express her emotions through music. 11．What can we learn about the author in paragraph 5? A．The author looked forward to growing up. B．The piano took away the author’s freedom. C．The author made a great effort to learn piano. D．The author preferred reading to playing the piano. 12．What is the most suitable title for the passage? A．A Farewell to My Piano. B．Challenges of Playing the Piano. C．Love and Responsibility in Music. D．Reflection on My Musical Journey. 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和一架钢琴之间的爱恨情仇，决定要把它处理掉时的心情非常复杂。 9．词句猜测题。本句是文章主题句。根据第二段中“Some may characterize it as a love-hate relationship, even though I believe the bond between us is more than that. Of course, on the “hate” side there were plenty of frustrating hours spent practicing, the forced performances for relatives, the trimmed fingernails.(有些人可能会把它描述为爱恨情仇，尽管我相信我们之间的关系不止于此。当然，在“讨厌”的一面，有很多令人沮丧的练习时间，强迫为亲戚表演，修剪指甲)”及第三段中“There was also love on that piano bench.(钢琴凳上也有爱)”可知，作者对这架二手钢琴的情感是矛盾的，既有爱又有恨，由此可知划线词词义为“冲突、矛盾”，故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Of course, on the ‘hate’ side there were plenty of frustrating hours spent practicing, the forced performances for relatives, the trimmed fingernails. And the responsibility I had to shoulder, as my family sacrificed a lot for me to have piano lessons, because I had talent. My teachers said so and, truthfully, my heart said so, too. But all too often it felt like a burden.(当然，在“讨厌”的一面，有很多令人沮丧的练习时间，强迫为亲戚表演，修剪指甲。还有我必须承担的责任，我的家人为了我上钢琴课牺牲了很多，因为我有天赋。我的老师是这么说的，说实话，我的内心也是这么说的。但很多时候，这感觉像是一种负担)”可知，作者是因为有了这架钢琴，多了很多责任，觉得很有负担，所以对此感到沮丧。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段“I know every inch of this piano. I spent years of my life in front of this piano. Awaiting my free will to ripen enough to release me from lessons. Awaiting my life to begin. Awaiting my mother to leave the room so I could secretly read my book while practicing scales.(我对这架钢琴了如指掌。我在这架钢琴前度过了那么多年。等待我的自由意志成熟到足以让我从教训中解脱出来。等待我的生活开始。等着妈妈离开房间，这样我就可以一边练音阶一边偷偷看书)”可知，作者认为练钢琴占据了自己很多时间，剥夺了自己做自己喜欢做的事情的自由。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It feels like I am giving away the family pet. So here I sit playing my last tune before the movers take the piano away and surprisingly there lies a growing desire for something else.(感觉就像我把家里的宠物送人了。所以，在搬家公司把钢琴搬走之前，我坐在这里弹奏最后一首曲子，令人惊讶的是，我越来越想要别的东西)”可知，作者回顾了多年来对这架钢琴的复杂情感，最后表示要把钢琴处理掉了。所以A Farewell to My Piano.最适合作题目，farewell意为“告别，再见”。故选A项。 Passage 04 （24-25高二上·安徽宿州·期中）Not only is sleep a common topic of our small talk, we’ve also spent decades trying to understand and explain it. After all, we spend an average of 26 years of our lives sleeping. Here are the important findings of the last decade of research. A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping. In a study called “Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers”, researchers asked questions to participants (参与者) in a lucid dream. The dreamers signaled the answers using pre-agreed eye or facial movements. They were accurate, suggesting they could access their cognitive (认知) functions such as working memory while sleeping. This interaction between dreamworld and reality has brought excitement to sleep experts. Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving. A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things, are reactivated during sleep. That means that while we’re sleeping, our brains go over our daily experiences, which is considered important for keeping memories. And, if you’ve ever felt it was best to sleep on a tricky problem and solve it in the morning, you might have scientific backing! A 2019 study by Sanders found that people were more likely to solve a tricky problem the next day if the problem had been activated in their brains during sleep. So, if you’re stuck, rest up and return to it in the morning. What if you’ve trouble falling asleep? Unfortunately, you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional regulation, according to a 2021 study. The good news is there are plenty of tips to help you overcome your sleep difficulty. Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down, meditating (冥想) before bed, and avoiding caffeine before bed. 13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Dreaming has little connection to reality. B．Lucid dreaming is a common experience. C．People can communicate with others while dreaming. D．People can control their dreams in lucid dreaming. 14．What does Denis and Cairney’s research suggest? A．Sleep helps the brain learn better. B．People dream a lot during their sleep. C．Lack of sleep has negative effect on mood. D．People forget most of daily events during sleep. 15．Why might sleeping help solve problems? A．The brain learns better at night. B．The brain has a good rest during sleep. C．Sleeping allows the brain to process daily events, D．Sleepers have more time to think about the problem. 16．What is recommended to improve sleep quality? A．Have a regular bedtime routine. B．Exercise for some time before bed. C．Stay awake for longer during the day. D．Avoid talking about sleep in the daytime. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．C 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于睡眠的最新研究成果，包括清醒梦的研究、睡眠对记忆和问题解决能力的帮助，以及改善睡眠质量的方法。 13．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping.(一项特别有趣的发现是在清醒梦的研究中——似乎有可能在人们睡觉的时候与他们交流。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是人们可以在做梦时与他人交流。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things, are reactivated during sleep.(Denis和Cairney在2023年的一项研究中指出，用于学习新事物的大脑区域在睡眠期间会被重新激活。)”可知，Denis和Cairney的研究表明睡眠有助于大脑更好地学习。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“That means that while we’re sleeping, our brains go over our daily experiences, which is considered important for keeping memories.(这意味着，当我们睡觉时，我们的大脑会回顾我们的日常经历，这对保持记忆很重要。)”可知，睡眠有助于解决问题是因为睡眠使大脑能够处理日常事件。故选C。 16．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down, meditating (冥想) before bed, and avoiding caffeine before bed.(专家建议有固定的时间开始躺下，睡前冥想，睡前避免摄入咖啡因。)”可知，为了提高睡眠质量，专家建议有规律的睡前习惯。故选A。 Passage 05 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear: he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates. In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time. Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit (经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor. Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt. Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages. 17．What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species? A．Examining plants and animals collected. B．His desire for a voyage to different continents. C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America. D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University. 18．Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species? A．That he had ten children in all. B．That he lost his eldest daughter. C．His youngest son’s being disabled. D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood. 19．What can we learn from the passage? A．Darwin’s interest of study never changed. B．Darwin’s happy family gave him much support in his studies. C．Darwin’s discoveries were based on his life and field studies. D．Darwin’s theory of evolution was accepted at the very beginning. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．Darwin’s passion for medical science. B．Charles Darwin’s changing interest. C．Charles Darwin’s discoveries and family tics. D．Charles Darwin’s life and work. 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、科学兴趣、重要理论以及他的个人生活。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.(达尔文对所收集的植物和动物的分析使他开始质疑过去关于物种如何形成和随时间演化的解释。)”可知，达尔文对所收集的植物和动物的分析使他对物种的起源和发展产生质疑和重新审议。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species.(他的第十个也是最后一个孩子查尔斯·沃林·达尔文于1856年出生。对达尔文来说，这个婴儿是残疾的，这改变了达尔文对人类物种的看法。)”可知，达尔文最小的孩子的先天残疾使达尔文改变了人类物种的看法。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.( 达尔文与HMS贝格尔号（HMS Beagle）的船长罗伯特·菲茨罗伊（Robert Fitzroy）一同前往南美洲，以促进英国在巴塔哥尼亚（Patagonia）的贸易。这次旅行彻底改变了达尔文的人生。达尔文在旅途中大部分时间都在陆地上，收集植物、动物和岩石的样本，这帮助他理解了塑造地球表面的过程。达尔文对他所收集的植物和动物的分析，使他开始怀疑以前关于物种如何随时间形成和演化的解释。)”和文章倒数第二段“His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.(他的第十个孩子，也是最后一个孩子，查尔斯·沃林·达尔文，出生于1856年。对达尔文来说，这个孩子的出生意义重大，因为他是个残疾人，这改变了达尔文对人类物种的看法。达尔文之前认为，物种会一直适应环境，直到环境发生变化；而现在他相信，每一个新的变异都是不完美的，而生存斗争才是推动物种适应环境的动力。)”可知，我们可以从文章中了解到，达尔文的发现是基于他的生活和实地研究的。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段主要讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、学业经历、科学兴趣对其理论形成和发展的影响。第四段讲述了他的家庭和个人生活、最后一段讲述了达尔文理论的地位和影响。因此，文章主要讲述了达尔文的生活和工作。故选D。 Passage 06 （24-25高二上·江西·期中）Ckunsa, the language of the Lickanantay people who have lived in the Atacama Desert for more than 11,000 years, was declared “extinct” in the 1950s. An extinct language is a language that no longer exists due to there being no speakers or users, in linguistics or otherwise. It’s a language no one bothers to study at all. “I don’t accept that my native language is extinct,” says 50-year-old Tomás Vilca, an aboriginal person living in the depths of the desert. “We are bringing it back. We are going to revive our language.” About 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, of which around 1,500 are in danger of disappearing altogether by the end of this century. Ckunsa is not the only one to disappear. The Selk’ nam, a native people who lived in the furthest southern reaches of Chile, spoke a language called Ona, which has also been declared extinct. Recently, in 2021, Cristina Calderón, the last speaker of the Yagán language at the southernmost tip of South America, died. With her death, the Yagán language became extinct. “At the educational level, we are working constantly to revive Ckunsa through the school subject,” said Margarita Makuc, head of the Chilean Education Ministry’s general education division. In 2018 and 2019, the ministry spoke to representatives from the country’s 10 native communities to build a curriculum (课程表) for the subject, which was approved and carried out in July 2020. In October 2021, the first great meeting of the Ckunsa language was held in an attempt to plot a way forward for the recovery of the language. And in May this year, a foundation handed out 1,400 mini Ckunsa dictionaries to primary school students in San Pedro de Atacama. Ilia Reyes Aymani, a local 50-year-old teacher, has written short songs in Ckunsa to teach colors and numbers to the local children. “We’re trying to leave something behind for our children, much as our grandparents and ancestors did for us,” says Reyes Aymani. “The more we spread the words and teach people, the faster Ckunsa grows as a language. It’s great to see how people are taking it up, and showing us that our heritage matters.” 21．What does the underlined word “aboriginal” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Creative. B．Inexperienced. C．Local. D．Unlucky. 22．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By reasoning. B．By analyzing results. C．By experimenting. D．By giving examples. 23．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Students’ performance in Chile. B．Efforts to revive Ckunsa. C．Steps in learning a foreign language. D．Problems with carrying out the project. 24．What does Reyes Aymani think of his present work? A．It is beneficial to future generations. B．It earns him a large sum of money. C．It makes him feel anxious and stressed. D．It gets him to know more famous people. 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了智利原住民努力复兴Ckunsa语言的故事。 21．词句猜测题。根据第一段中画线词前““I don’t accept that my native language is extinct,” says 50-year-old Tomás Vilca, (“我不接受我的母语已经灭绝的说法，”50岁的Tomás Vilca说。)”，以及“person living in the depths of the desert. (居住在沙漠深处的人)”可知，50岁的Tomás Vilca一直生活在沙漠深处，应为原住民。故选C。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Selk’ nam, a native people who lived in the furthest southern reaches of Chile, spoke a language called Ona, which has also been declared extinct. Recently, in 2021, Cristina Calderón, the last speaker of the Yagán language at the southernmost tip of South America, died. With her death, the Yagán language became extinct.(塞尔克南人，一个生活在智利最南端的原住民族，使用一种叫做Ona的语言，这种语言也已被宣布灭绝。最近，在2021年，Cristina Calderón去世，她是南美洲最南端Yagán语的最后一位使用者。随着她的去世，Yagán语也随之灭绝。)”可知，本段主要通过举例子展开。故选D。 23．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In 2018 and 2019, the ministry spoke to representatives from the country’s 10 native communities to build a curriculum (课程表) for the subject, which was approved and carried out in July 2020. In October 2021, the first great meeting of the Ckunsa language was held in an attempt to plot a way forward for the recovery of the language. And in May this year, a foundation handed out 1,400 mini Ckunsa dictionaries to primary school students in San Pedro de Atacama. (2018年和2019年，该部与来自国家10个原住民族的代表进行了交谈，以构建该科目的课程，该课程于2020年7月获得批准并实施。2021年10月，首次举行了大规模的Ckunsa语言会议，试图为语言的恢复制定前进的方向。今年5月，一个基金会向San Pedro de Atacama的小学生发放了1400本迷你Ckunsa词典。)”可知，本段主要介绍了为复兴Ckunsa所做的努力。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to leave something behind for our children, much as our grandparents and ancestors did for us,” says Reyes Aymani. (“我们正在努力为我们的孩子留下一些东西，就像我们的祖父母和祖先为我们做的那样，”Reyes Aymani说。)”可知，Reyes Aymani认为自己目前的工作对后代有益。故选A。 Passage 07 （24-25高二上·河南洛阳·期中）Weather researchers are using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to improve existing weather prediction methods. But, experts say the AI tools currently face limitations and should be used along with traditional prediction methods to be most effective. AI systems trained to predict, or forecast weather events are now being used by many government agencies and organizations worldwide. Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods. One weather predicting system that has shown promise is the Google-financed GraphCast method. This machine learning-based system trains directly on weather data that has already been collected and examined. Such methods have demonstrated an ability to outperform traditional forecasting systems. The system works by combining past weather predictions with modern forecasting models to provide the most complete picture of weather and climate. In Europe, the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has been using AI prediction tools since January. The organization provides detailed weather forecasts four times per day to nations across Europe. The ECMWF technology is called the Artificial Intelligence/ Integrated Forecasting System(AIFS). The group describes the system as a“data-driven” forecasting model. It is designed to make many predietions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves. AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding. But while the predictions were right, destruction caused by the flooding could not be avoided. Experts told Reuters this is largely because it is still difficult to gather and fully utilize (利用) some collected weather data. In addition, there is a need to strengthen and improve currentAI models used to predict weather. Andrew Charlton-Perez is a professor of meteorology— the scientific study of weather processes— at the University of Reading in Britain. He told Reuters, “In some cases, AI models can beat physics-based models, but in other cases vice versa (反之亦然).” Charlton- Perez said he thinks the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools. This, he noted, could utilize AI data to produce weather predictions based on large sets of information collected from different sources. 25．What’s the advantage of AI weather predicting system? A．It provides detailed weather forecasts frequently. B．It can avoid extreme events including heatwaves. C．It can predict weather conditions faster at a low cost. D．It is used in all walks of life without limitations. 26．What is the purpose of AIFS? A．To avoid national floods. B．To forecast disaster destruction. C．To provide timely data. D．To predict weather events quickly. 27．What can we know about the prediction of AI-data from the ECMWF? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s precise. C．It’s much easier. D．It’s worldwide. 28．How can AI improve the weather forecast? A．By combining AI with traditional methods. B．By using AI prediction tools collectively. C．By making use of Google Graph Cast method. D．By gathering a lot of current weather data. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能（AI）系统在天气预测方面的应用与局限性。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods.(这样的系统旨在比传统预测方法更快、成本更低地产生天气预测。)”可知，AI天气预测系统的优势在于能够更快、成本更低地预测天气情况。因此，选项C“It can predict weather conditions faster at a low cost.(能够以低成本更快地预测天气状况)”符合题意。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“It is designed to make many predictions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves.( 它被设计为快速做出许多预测，包括针对涉及强烈风暴和热浪的极端事件的预测。)”可知，AIFS的目的是快速预测天气事件，包括极端天气。因此，选项D“To predict weather events quickly.(快速预测天气事件)”符合题意。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding.( ECMWF提供的AI支持数据准确预测了上个月欧洲部分地区的暴雨，暴雨导致了大范围的洪水。)”可知，ECMWF的AI数据预测是准确的，其预测了上个月欧洲部分地区的暴雨。因此，选项B“It’s precise.(它是精确的)”符合题意。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Charlton- Perez said he thinks the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools.( Charlton- Perez说，他认为基于AI的天气预报的最佳用途是将它们与传统天气预报工具相结合使用。)”可知，AI可以通过与传统方法相结合来改进天气预报。因此，选项A“By combining AI with traditional methods.(通过将AI与传统方法相结合)”符合题意。故选A。 Passage 08 （24-25高二上·江西·期中）A mysterious phenomenon first observed in 2013 in a remote part of the Pacific Ocean appeared so unbelievable. Sensor readings seemed to show that oxygen was being made on the seabed 4,000 meters below the surface. “I told my students to put the sensors back in the box. We shipped them back to the producer and got them tested because I thought they had given us nonsense,” said Andrew Sweetman, a professor at the Scottish Association for Marine Science. “And every single time the producer came back: ‘They’re working accurately.’” Photosynthetic organisms (光合生物) such as plants and algae use sunlight to produce oxygen that cycles into the ocean depths, but previous studies conducted in the deep sea have shown that oxygen is only consumed, not produced, by the organisms that live there. Now, the team’s research was challenging this long-held assumption, finding oxygen produced without photosynthesis. Sweetman first made the unexpected observation that “dark oxygen” was being produced on the seafloor while assessing marine biodiversity in an area that’s used for mining potato-size polymetallic nodules (多金属结核). Metals contained in the nodules are in high demand for use in solar panels, electric car batteries and other green technology. The team took some of the samples of polymetallic nodules back to study in the lab to try to understand exactly how oxygen was being produced. Working with scientists at Northwestern University, Dr. Sweetman discovered that the nodules produce a small amount of electricity. When the nodules are close together, they create enough electricity to produce the oxygen. The discovery raises more concerns about deep-sea mining. Craig Smith from the University of Hawaii said he favored a pause on mining the nodules. Early attempts at mining efforts in the zone in the 1980s provided a warning. “In 2016 and 2017, marine biologists visited sites that were mined in the 1980s and found not even bacteria had recovered in mined areas,” said Smith. “In unmined regions, however, there are many species of sealife.” 29．Why did Sweetman send the sensors back to the producer? A．He broke them by accident. B．He didn’t need them anymore. C．He thought they were out of order. D．He wanted to replace them with the latest ones. 30．According to the text, the team succeeded in _____________. A．inventing electric car batteries B．producing oxygen in the deep ocean C．creating polymetallic nodules in the lab D．proving the long-held assumption wrong 31．What is Craig Smith’s attitude to deep-sea mining? A．Favorable. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 32．What is the best title for the text? A．New Research on the Indian Ocean B．Dark Oxygen Was Found on the Seafloor C．It Is Important for Us to Protect Sealife D．A Mysterious Study on Green Technology 【答案】29．C 30．D 31．B 32．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太平洋海底“暗氧”发现及影响。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段““I told my students to put the sensors back in the box. We shipped them back to the producer and got them tested because I thought they had given us nonsense,” said Andrew Sweetman, a professor at the Scottish Association for Marine Science. “And every single time the producer came back: ‘They’re working accurately.’” (苏格兰海洋科学协会的教授安德鲁・斯威特曼说：“我让学生们把传感器放回盒子里，然后把它们寄回给生产商进行检测，因为我觉得它们给出的数据毫无意义。而每次生产商的反馈都是：‘它们的运行是准确的。’”)”可知，Sweetman以为这些传感器出故障了。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Now, the team’s research was challenging this long-held assumption, finding oxygen produced without photosynthesis. (现在，该团队的研究正在挑战这一长期存在的假设，即发现了在没有光合作用的情况下产生氧气的现象。)”、第四段中“Sweetman first made the unexpected observation that “dark oxygen” was being produced on the seafloor while assessing marine biodiversity in an area that’s used for mining potato-size polymetallic nodules (多金属结核). (斯威特曼在评估一个用于开采土豆大小多金属结核的区域的海洋生物多样性时，首次意外观察到海底正在产生“暗氧”。)”及第五段中“The team took some of the samples of polymetallic nodules back to study in the lab to try to understand exactly how oxygen was being produced. (该团队带回了一些多金属结核样本到实验室进行研究，试图确切了解氧气是如何产生的。)”可知，团队成功证明了长期以来的假设(深海只能消耗氧气，却不能产生氧气)是错误的。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The discovery raises more concerns about deep-sea mining. Craig Smith from the University of Hawaii said he favored a pause on mining the nodules. (这一发现引发了人们对深海采矿更多的担忧。夏威夷大学的克雷格・史密斯表示，他赞成暂停开采这些结核。)”可知, Craig Smith“反对”深海采矿。A. Favorable赞成的；B. Opposed反对的；C. Unconcerned不关心的；D. Unclear不清楚的。故选B。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A mysterious phenomenon first observed in 2013 in a remote part of the Pacific Ocean appeared so unbelievable. Sensor readings seemed to show that oxygen was being made on the seabed 4,000 meters below the surface. (2013 年在太平洋偏远地区首次观测到的一种神秘现象显得令人难以置信。传感器读数似乎显示，在海平面以下 4000 米的海床上正在产生氧气。)”可知，本文主要讲述太平洋海底发现“暗氧”，因此最佳标题是在海底发现了“暗氧”。故选B。 Passage 09 （24-25高二上·山东菏泽·期中）Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn’t reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 33．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method? A．It is good. B．It is simple. C．It is popular. D．It is creative. 34．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Care. B．Hope. C．Humor. D．Silence. 35．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By spending more time with their teens. B．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts. D．By expressing agreement on what whatever ever their teens say. 36．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Life. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Education. 【答案】33．A 34．A 35．B 36．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了耶鲁大学儿童研究中心的研究人员收集家长和青少年21天的日记，分析发现家长表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动有关，家长在同一天表达温暖可以减弱冲突对孩子的影响。 33．推理判断题。根据第一段““The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.(没有参与这项研究的Beata Ujvari说：“日常方法适合为护理人员提供日常生活的实用建议。”)”可知，Beata Ujvari认为这种日常的研究方法很适合为照顾者提供日常生活的实用建议，也就是他认为这种方法很好。故选A项。 34．词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子“Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise.(研究人员发现，不管父母与青少年的关系是否亲密，当父母以affection、理解或赞美的形式表现出更多的温暖时，青少年会感到更被爱)”可知，affection与understanding和praise是并列关系，意思应该相近，而understanding和praise都是积极正面的词，推知affection应是“关爱”之意，符合语境，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段“To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said.(研究人员说，为了减弱冲突的影响，温情必须在同一天出现，但温情和冲突并不一定要联系起来)”可知，父母在同一天表现出情感上的温暖可以减少冲突对孩子的影响。故选B项 36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.(耶鲁儿童研究中心的研究人员从151个家庭的父母和青少年那里收集了21天的日常日记。参与调查的青少年在9年级和10年级，年龄从13岁到16岁不等。参与调查的女性青少年略多一些。通过分析这些日记，研究人员可以将父母的温暖表现与青少年每天感受到的爱的波动联系起来。没有参与这项研究的Beata Ujvari说：“日常方法适合为护理人员提供日常生活的实用建议。”)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了耶鲁大学儿童研究中心的研究人员收集家长和青少年21天的日记，分析发现家长表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动有关，家长在同一天表达温暖可以减弱冲突对孩子的影响，这属于家庭教育的范畴，与生活息息相关。由此推知，本文应该出现在报纸的“生活”版块。故选A项。 Passage 10 （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing personal information publicly was uncommon. Nowadays, it’s normal for young people to post updates about their lives and interact on the Internet regularly. Supporters of social media say it brings people closer together, and helps make friends, learn about different cultures, and celebrate events. Yet, concerns arise over this lifestyle’s impact, especially regarding the quantity and nature of shared information. Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be harmful. Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. This outcome has several reasons. Social media often features idealized content like beautiful vacations, lively events, and trendy outfits. Since negative experiences or unappealing images are rarely shared, it creates a false reality. Comparing these highlights to one’s own life can contribute to depression, as people may perceive their lives as inferior. Even those sharing the positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. Since social media is a big part of our lives now, it’s not going away. Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. 37．What is the impact of inappropriate social media use according to the research? A．It enhances online interactions. B．It increases overall happiness. C．It can lead to unhappiness. D．It improves global connectivity. 38．Why might individuals feel stressed after posting the positive content on social media? A．They are concerned others mislead their posts. B．They believe others lead happier lives. C．They fear they may be cyber-bullied by others. D．They worry about quality of their posts. 39．How does the author develop the third paragraph of the article? A．By providing examples. B．By listing causes. C．By making comparisons. D．By describing process. 40．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To encourage people to quit social media. B．To discuss the benefits of social media. C．To highlight the negative effects of social media. D．To advocate balancing online and offline lives. 【答案】37．C 38．C 39．B 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社交媒体的流行以及对人们生活的影响，并提醒人们用正确的心态去对待社交媒体所展示的内容。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers observed individuals’ moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. (研究者观察了人们在社交媒体互动前后的情绪，并发现人们在社交媒体上花费的时间越长，他们就越感到不快乐) ”可知，过度使用社交媒体会导致人们感到更加不快乐。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Even those sharing positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. (即便是那些分享积极内容的人也会担心和焦虑自己能得到多少点赞和评论，以及他们是否足够受欢迎。网络欺凌让情况变得更糟，有些人在评论中表现出刻薄和伤人的态度)”可知，发布积极内容的人们也会害怕遭遇其他人的网络欺凌。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据第三段内容及段首的“This outcome has several reasons.(这个结果有多个原因)”可知，本段中作者列举了导致社交媒体使用后感到不快乐的几个原因，如理想化的内容、负面体验的缺失、比较导致的抑郁等，即作者是通过给出原因来展开第三段的。故选B。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. (研究强调了在数字世界和现实世界之间找到平衡的重要性。我们不必完全与网络世界断开联系就能感到幸福，但认识到网络世界呈现的是有选择性的画面至关重要。理解我们在网上看到的内容只是完整故事的一部分，这有助于我们保护心理健康并充分享受生活) ”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了提倡平衡线上和线下生活，这是很重要的。故选D。 Passage 11 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）President Cleveland is the only U. S. president to lose his first reelection bid then return four years later to win back the White House. He has been noted for his reformist agenda and opposition to customs that foreshowed the free-trade movement of the 1890s. But the 22nd and 24th president of the United States is perhaps best known as the only American president to hold the office for two non-consecutive (非连续的) terms. In 1884, Cleveland, defeated opponent James Blaine in a narrow victory. Four years later, He lost his 1888 reelection race focusing on economic policy issues, customs included, but lacking effective management and unity within his party to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison despite securing the popular vote. However, in an 1892 rematch, Cleveland defeated Harrison to reclaim the office. Cleveland’s failed 1888 reelection campaign against Harrison, for the reason that the campaign was incompetently run on nearly every front, according to Troy Senik, presidential historian, former presidential speechwriter. “He began the race without a campaign manager; delegated most of the electioneering responsibilities to his running mate, Allen Thurman, who, at the age of 74, was not healthy enough to resist the rigors of campaigning; and based the entire race around his proposal to reduce customs, which divided his own Democratic Party and unified the Republicans in opposition,” Senik says. With the economy taking center stage during the campaign and a third-party bid from the newly formed Populist Party Cleveland again claimed victory in 1892, prevailing the popular vote 46 percent to 43 percent over Harrison. Cleveland sailed to a decisive Electoral College win with 277 votes, which indicated that Cleveland won largely mainly because he had been proved prescient on the customs issue. “Woodrow Wilson once wrote of Cleveland that his courses of action were incalculable to the mere politician, simply because they were not based on calculation. Cleveland was never especially beloved, but he was respected,” Senik says, “that was precisely because the public knew that he’d do what he thought was right rather than what he thought was politically expedient.” 41．Why did Cleveland lose his chance of the two consecutive-terms? A．He has no popular support among the Publics. B．The preparation before the election was inadequate. C．He felt a great responsibility as president and was eager to retire. D．Party members lack effective governance and unity within his own party. 42．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．The main contents in 1888 reelection. B．The lack of campaign manager in 1888. C．Effectiveness of the proposal to reduce customs. D．The reason of Cleveland’s failure in 1888 reelection. 43．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “prevailing” in the fourth paragraph? A．Winning. B．Losing. C．Electing. D．Competing. 44．What can we infer from last paragraph? A．Cleveland was loved by a lot of people. B．Cleveland was highly thought of by people. C．Cleveland lost the heart of the public. D．Cleveland put political interests first. 【答案】41．D 42．D 43．A 44．B 【导语】本文是说明文。作者主要介绍了美国总统Grover Cleveland的政治生涯，特别是他作为唯一一位非连续两任美国总统的独特地位，以及他在1884年、1888年和1892年总统选举中的经历。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1884, Cleveland, defeated opponent James Blaine in a narrow victory. Four years later, He lost his 1888 reelection race focusing on economic policy issues, customs included, but lacking effective management and unity within his party to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison despite securing the popular vote.(1884年，克利夫兰以微弱优势击败了对手詹姆斯·布莱恩。四年后，尽管他在1888年的连任竞选中聚焦于经济政策问题（包括关税问题），但由于党内缺乏有效的管理和团结，他输给了共和党挑战者本杰明·哈里森，尽管他赢得了普选票)”可知，克利夫兰竞选失败的原因是党内成员缺乏有效的治理和团结。故选D项。 42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Cleveland’s failed 1888 reelection campaign against Harrison, for the reason that the campaign was incompetently run on nearly every front, according to Troy Senik, presidential historian, former presidential speechwriter. “He began the race without a campaign manager; delegated most of the electioneering responsibilities to his running mate, Allen Thurman, who, at the age of 74, was not healthy enough to resist the rigors of campaigning; and based the entire race around his proposal to reduce customs, which divided his own Democratic Party and unified the Republicans in opposition,” Senik says.(根据总统历史学家、前总统演讲稿撰写人Troy Senik的说法，克利夫兰在1888年与哈里森的连任竞选中失败，原因是这场竞选在几乎每一条战线上都运行得不称职。“他在没有竞选经理的情况下开始竞选；他将大部分竞选职责委托给了74岁的竞选伙伴Allen Thurman，后者的健康状况已不足以抵御竞选活动的严酷；整个竞选都围绕着他减少关税的提议展开，这一提议分裂了他所在的民主党，却使反对他的共和党团结起来。”塞尼克说道)”可知，本段主要介绍了克利夫兰1888年连任失败的原因。故选D项。 43．词句猜测题。根据前文“With the economy taking center stage during the campaign and a third-party bid from the newly formed Populist Party Cleveland again claimed victory in 1892(随着经济问题成为竞选的中心议题，以及新成立的民粹党以第三党身份参加竞选，克利夫兰在1892年再次取得胜利)”可知，此次竞选，克利夫兰获胜了，推知“prevailing the popular vote 46 percent to 43 percent over Harrison”应是“以46%对43%的票数击败了哈里森”所以prevailing应是“赢得”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Woodrow Wilson once wrote of Cleveland that his courses of action were incalculable to the mere politician, simply because they were not based on calculation. Cleveland was never especially beloved, but he was respected,” Senik says, “that was precisely because the public knew that he’d do what he thought was right rather than what he thought was politically expedient. ”(“Woodrow Wilson曾这样评价克利夫兰，他的行动方针对于纯粹的政治家来说是无法估量的，因为这些方针没有经过深思熟虑。克利夫兰从来没有受到特别的爱戴，但他受到尊重，”塞尼克说，“这恰恰是因为公众知道他会做他认为正确的事，而不是他认为的政治权宜之计。”)”可知，由本段可推出克利夫兰受到人们的高度评价。故选B项。 Passage 12 （24-25高二上·河南洛阳·期中）Children can work together to reach a target that benefits a whole group even if it is at a personal cost to themselves, a new study has shown. Researchers invited groups of 6 to 10-year-olds to take part in a game where they were each given containers of water and could decide how much of it to offer into a common pool. If the group contributed a certain amount of water, it resulted in benefits for the whole group, but children also obtained benefits for any water they kept. At the same time, the participants were either given feedback about their own outcomes in the game or about everyone’s outcomes. The results showed the majority of groups achieved their objectives and cooperated until the last round of the game, even when children observed the outcomes of others within their groups. However, those who did see everyone’s outcomes were somewhat less likely to keep reaching the target as the game progressed, and differences in individual outcomes became more noticeable. Researchers say the findings provide valuable insights into how groups of people can work together to overcome challenges and demonstrate the effectiveness of setting clear targets. Dr Patricia Kanngiesser, Associate Professor in Psychology at the University of Plymouth and the study’s lead author, said:“A lot of the challenges facing society today involve choices between one’s self-interest and contributing to the greater good. That is certainly the case if we think about things like climate action, where targets can only be achieved if people and nations work together. Our study shows that working towards a clear target can produce results that finally benefit everyone. And even children as young as six can do it.” The study is the latest by Dr Kanngiesser and Plymouth colleague Dr Jan Woike to use games to study human behaviour and explore ways to promote cooperation. It also allowed them to explore findings from previous research, which showed that having the opportunity to compare own and others’ outcomes can lead to competition and decrease willingness to contribute to the common good. For the purposes of this study, children had the opportunity to talk during the game and spoke, for example, about reaching the common goal. 45．Who obtained benefits in the game? A．Only the children who kept some water. B．The children who made it to the last round. C．The participant who contributed the most water. D．The group that contributed the required amount. 46．What’s Kanngiesser’s attitude towards the targets and cooperation? A．Critical. B．Appreciative. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 47．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Children have many challenges solving current problems. B．Researchers find valuable insights into the clear targets. C．People work together to achieve goals benefiting everyone. D．People think about climate action affecting their daily life. 48．Why does the author mention Kanngiesser and Woike? A．To offer more context of the study. B．To give examples of great professors. C．To encourage studying for the project. D．To get readers to cooperate with them. 【答案】45．D 46．B 47．C 48．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童合作行为的研究，揭示了设定明确目标对于促进团队合作的有效性。 45．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“If the group contributed a certain amount of water, it resulted in benefits for the whole group, but children also obtained benefits for any water they kept.(如果小组贡献了一定量的水，就会为整个小组带来好处，但孩子们保留的水也会带来好处)”可知，贡献了一定数量的水的小组会在游戏中受益。故选D项。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Our study shows that working towards a clear target can produce results that finally benefit everyone. And even children as young as six can do it.(我们的研究表明，朝着一个明确的目标努力可以产生最终使每个人受益的结果。即使是六岁的孩子也能做到这一点)”可知，Kanngiesser对目标和合作的态度是赞赏的。故选B项。 47．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“It also allowed them to explore findings from previous research, which showed that having the opportunity to compare own and others’ outcomes can lead to competition and decrease willingness to contribute to the common good. For the purposes of this study, children had the opportunity to talk during the game and spoke, for example, about reaching the common goal.(它还使他们能够探讨先前研究的发现，这些研究显示，有机会比较自己和他人的结果会导致竞争，减少为共同利益做出贡献的意愿。为了这项研究的目的，孩子们在游戏过程中有机会交谈，例如，谈论实现共同目标)”可知，人们应该共同合作以实现惠及所有人的目标。故选C项。 48．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study is the latest by Dr Kanngiesser and Plymouth colleague Dr Jan Woike to use games to study human behaviour and explore ways to promote cooperation.(这项研究是Kanngiesser博士和普利茅斯大学同事Jan Woike博士最新的研究，他们使用游戏来研究人类行为并探索促进合作的方法)”可知，作者提到他们是为了提供更多研究背景。故选A项。 Passage 13 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）As ice sheets melted, they often left behind landscapes that typically take many years to become habitable for vegetation and wildlife. However, recent research has discovered that in just three years, these poor areas can be brought back to life by South American camelids (美洲鸵). By the foot of Peru’s Uruashraju glacier, researchers partnered with local farmers to herd camelids on four plots. For three days a month from 2019 to 2022, the camelids grazed (吃草)the plots. By the end of that time, the otherwise dry and easily destroyed soil stabilized, grew richer in nutrients and supported 57 percent more plant cover than before. Such an ancestral Andean practice of camelids herding could potentially cushion the crops, animals and livelihoods of local communities from the impacts of climate change. As is the case worldwide, glaciers are disappearing in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca mountains at an astonishing rate. And as the ice melts, nearby ecosystems lose access to summertime supplies of freshwater and sometimes encounter harmful acidic minerals in rocks once covered by the glaciers. Camelids may help counter some of these effects. Their transformation of the land could reduce rock weathering, thus limiting the acidic runoff that can poison farmers’ crops. The idea that grass-eating animals grazing may positively impact a landscape is not new. Nor is rewilding, the push to reintroduce key species to their native ecosystems, unique to the Cordillera Blanca mountains. In Finland, for example, the Indigenous Sami are working to reintroduce reindeer in deforested land. And a group in Spain hopes one day to lift the wild cattle known as the auroch out of extinction, putting it to use in grazing. But the size and speed of the changes the camelids helped bring about surprised the researchers. “Putting nutrients over the soil can produce similar effects on plant growth,” says ecologist Kelsey Reider of James Madison University, but “the animals themselves are doing a lot.” For one, animal waste is special. For another, the camelids weed out dominant plants, making space for new species. 49．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Results of camelids herding. B．Impacts of climate change. C．Ancestral Andean practices. D．Partnership with local farmers. 50．What might be a consequence of glaciers’ melting? A．Increased acidic runoff. B．Reduced rock weathering. C．Decline in summer rainfall. D．Shortage of mineral resources. 51．Why are “the reindeer” and “the auroch” mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To clarify a potential problem. B．To explain a natural phenomenon. C．To compare different rewilding project. D．To justify a conservation effort. 52．What is Kelsey Reider’s attitude towards camelids herding? A．Disapproving. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. 【答案】49．A 50．A 51．D 52．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南美驼类如何快速恢复冰川退缩后的土地，帮助当地社区应对气候变化。 49．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“By the foot of Peru’s Uruashraju glacier, researchers partnered with local farmers to herd camelids on four plots. For three days a month from 2019 to 2022, the camelids grazed the plots. By the end of that time, the otherwise dry and easily destroyed soil stabilized, grew richer in nutrients and supported 57 percent more plant cover than before. Such an ancestral Andean practice of camelids herding could potentially cushion the crops, animals and livelihoods of local communities from the impacts of climate change. (在秘鲁乌鲁阿什拉尤冰川脚下，研究人员与当地农民合作，在四个地块上放牧美洲鸵。从2019年到2022年，每月三天，这些美洲鸵在这片土地上吃草。到了最后，原本干燥且容易遭到破坏的土壤变得稳定了，养分更加丰富，并且植物覆盖率比之前增加了57%。这种安第斯山脉传统的美洲鸵放牧做法有可能减轻气候变化对当地社区作物、动物和生计的影响。)”可知，本段主要描述了美洲鸵放牧后土地的变化结果。故选A。 50．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“And as the ice melts, nearby ecosystems lose access to summertime supplies of freshwater and sometimes encounter harmful acidic minerals in rocks once covered by the glaciers. Camelids may help counter some of these effects. Their transformation of the land could reduce rock weathering, thus limiting the acidic runoff that can poison farmers’ crops. (随着冰的融化，附近的生态系统失去了夏季淡水的供应，有时还会遇到曾经被冰川覆盖的岩石中有害的酸性矿物质。美洲鸵可能有助于抵消这些影响。它们对土地的改造可以减少岩石的风化，从而限制可能毒害农民庄稼的酸性径流。)”可知，冰川融化可能导致酸性径流增加。故选A。 51．推理判断题。由文章第四段“The idea that grass-eating animals grazing may positively impact a landscape is not new. Nor is rewilding, the push to reintroduce key species to their native ecosystems, unique to the Cordillera Blanca mountains. In Finland, for example, the Indigenous Sami are working to reintroduce reindeer in deforested land. And a group in Spain hopes one day to lift the wild cattle known as the auroch out of extinction, putting it to use in grazing. (食草动物放牧可能对景观产生积极影响的想法并不新鲜。重新野生化，也就是将关键物种重新引入它们的原生生态系统，这是科迪勒拉布兰卡山脉独有的。例如，在芬兰，土著萨米人正在努力在被砍伐的土地上重新引入驯鹿。西班牙的一个组织希望有一天能将被称为auroch的野牛从灭绝中拯救出来，将其用于放牧。)”可知，这两个例子被用来证明重新引入关键物种到它们原生的生态系统的做法不仅限于科迪勒拉布兰卡山脉，而是全球范围内的努力。因此，提到二者是为了证明这项保护工作的合理性。故选D。 52．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Putting nutrients over the soil can produce similar effects on plant growth,” says ecologist Kelsey Reider of James Madison University, but “the animals themselves are doing a lot.” For one, animal waste is special. For another, the camelids weed out dominant plants, making space for new species. (詹姆斯·麦迪逊大学的生态学家凯尔西·赖德说：“在土壤上施用营养物对植物生长也会产生类似的影响，但动物本身也在做很多事情。”首先，动物粪便是特殊的。另一方面，美洲鸵会淘汰优势植物，为新物种腾出空间。)”可知，Kelsey Reider认为动物本身对土地的改善作用很大，因此她对美洲鸵放牧持积极态度。故选D。 Passage 14 （24-25高二上·浙江绍兴·期中）Virtual reality (VR) is already widespread in various fields. But while vision and hearing interfaces (接口) are extremely advanced, and touch, or “haptics,” is improving, one key sense has been missing from the virtual world: smell. That may be about to change. Engineer Xinge Yu of the City University of Hong Kong and his colleagues have developed a lightweight, flexible and wireless smell interface that can precisely deliver smells such as pineapple or green tea to VR users and more fully immerse them in scented virtual worlds. Previous smell interfaces have typically used bottles of liquid perfume, an atomizer (a device that turns liquids into a fine mist) and some method of blowing the atomized droplets out. This works, but it is rigid and has limited operating time between refills, and it does not easily allow for controlling intensity. These drawbacks have made the devices less practical for VR systems. The new design uses small wax pads filled with scents that are heated by an electrode (电极) to release a smell. A thermistor senses the temperature, which controls the smell’s intensity. The study describes two different device formats. The first is small enough that it can be stuck to a user’s top lip, but it includes only two smell generators. The second is worn like a face mask and has nine. Both are customizable with a selection of 30 smells, including ginger, clove, mojito and coconut milk. Different combinations can be blended at varying intensities to create thousands of possible fragrances. The study includes demonstrations of possible applications beyond just enhancing VR, including communicating messages by smell and arousing emotions. The researchers suggest the devices could even be used to ease depressed mood or promote recall in people with age-related cognitive decline. “Scent is directly connected to the emotional and memory parts of the brain, so there are a lot of applications related to well-being and health,” Amores says. 53．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To give a definition of VR B．To introduce the change in VR C．To show the importance of VR D．To emphasize the existing use of VR 54．Which is the advantage of the new interfaces? A．They can only be worn as a face mask. B．They allow people to control the smell intensity. C．They have limited operating time between refills. D．They have typically used bottles of liquid perfume. 55．What does the author mean by saying the new interfaces are “customizable”? A．They are ready for sale. B．They have a selection of 30 smells. C．They can be blended at varying intensities. D．They can be designed to meet different needs. 56．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The design of the study. B．The advantages of the study. C．The applications of the study. D．The disadvantages of the study. 【答案】53．B 54．B 55．D 56．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实（VR）技术中嗅觉接口的发展。 53．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Virtual reality (VR) is already widespread in various fields. But while vision and hearing interfaces (接口) are extremely advanced, and touch, or ‘haptics,’ is improving, one key sense has been missing from the virtual world: smell.(虚拟现实（VR）已经广泛应用于各个领域。但是，虽然视觉和听觉接口非常先进，触觉或‘触觉技术’也在不断改进，但虚拟世界中仍然缺少一种关键感官：嗅觉)”结合下文对VR嗅觉的介绍可知，第一段主要是介绍了VR的一个变化。故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A thermistor senses the temperature, which controls the smell’s intensity.(热敏电阻感知温度，从而控制气味的强度)”可知，新接口的优势是允许人们控制气味的强度。故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Both are customizable with a selection of 30 smells, including ginger, clove, mojito and coconut milk. Different combinations can be blended at varying intensities to create thousands of possible fragrances.(两者都可通过30种气味进行定制，包括生姜、丁香、莫吉托和椰奶。不同的组合可以以不同的强度混合，创造出成千上万种可能的香味)”可知，作者说新接口是“可定制的”意思是它们可以根据不同的需求进行设计，创造出不同的香味组合。故选D。 56．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study includes demonstrations of possible applications beyond just enhancing VR, including communicating messages by smell and arousing emotions. The researchers suggest the devices could even be used to ease depressed mood or promote recall in people with age-related cognitive decline.(该研究展示了除增强VR之外的可能应用，包括通过气味传递信息和激发情感。研究人员表示，这些设备甚至可用于缓解抑郁情绪或促进有年龄相关认知衰退的人的回忆)”可知，最后一段主要讲了该研究的应用。故选C。 Passage 15 （24-25高二上·山东菏泽·期中）Do you have that one piece of technology that changes your life for the better? The technology that helped change my life is the camera. Photography is using photos to create art to make something beautiful to create a story. The camera was used to capture moments in history. When it was first invented in the 1800s, Joseph Nic éphore Ni é pce was the first person to take photos to capture the world’s beauty. The camera shows a different view of the world to me by showing the true colors of when and how there will always be the good and bad in the world. It is important to me, because it helps bring back the history of the past. Next thing is that back then the camera helped show art by using photos to create feelings of nostalgia (怀旧) and purpose. If we had no photography then there would be less knowledge about the history of the past. When I was a young girl, my family would take pictures to record the memories whether they were the good or bad. In our family, valuable photos are considered a treasure passed down from one generation to the next. My strong love for photography was from my uncle who was a photographer and I loved looking at his pictures. Later, I take pictures to show a meaning through the photos to follow in his footsteps. We are on a timeline, and photos can help freeze moments on the timeline. Today people are using photos to create a timeline for their future by putting them in a photo album(相册) or posting them on social media, which can help them remember what happened in the past. 57．How did the camera influence the author? A．She developed strong interest in technology. B．She began to express her feelings to others. C．She learned something about the past. D．She passed different views to others. 58．What made the author become interested in taking pictures? A．Her uncle’s influence. B．Her wish to remember good memories C．Her interest in creating art. D．Her dream of becoming a photography 59．Why do people post photos online according to the text? A．To share their daily lives. B．To record moments in life. C．To plan for the future. D．To make photo albums. 60．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．How the camera changed my life B．What I have learned from my uncle C．What pictures can bring to people D．How photography influences history 【答案】57．C 58．A 59．B 60．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了相机对作者生活的改变——让作者可以记录生活，帮助作者对过去生活的了解。 57．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is important to me, because it helps bring back the history of the past. Next thing is that back then the camera helped show art by using photos to create feelings of nostalgia (怀旧) and purpose. If we had no photography then there would be less knowledge about the history of the past.(相机对我来说很重要，因为它有助于回忆过去的历史。接下来是，那时相机通过使用照片来创造怀旧感觉和目的感来帮助展示艺术。如果我们没有摄影，那么对过去的历史的了解就会减少。)”可知，相机能帮助作者了解到过去的事情。故选C。 58．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“My strong love for photography was from my uncle who was a photographer and I loved looking at his pictures.(我对摄影的强烈热爱来自于我的叔叔，他是一名摄影师，我喜欢看他的照片。)”可知，作者的叔叔对作者的影响使得作者对拍照感兴趣。故选A。 59．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Today people are using photos to create a timeline for their future by putting them in a photo album(相册) or posting them on social media, which can help them remember what happened in the past.(今天，人们利用照片为他们的未来创建一个时间表，把他们放在一个相册或在社交媒体上分享，这可以帮助他们记住过去发生的事情。)”可知，人们把照片发布在网上是为了记录生活中的一些时刻，帮助他们记住过去发生的事情。故选B。 60．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Do you have that one piece of technology that changes your life for the better? The technology that helped change my life is the camera.(你有没有一项技术让你的生活变得更好？帮助改变我生活的技术是相机。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了相机是如何影响作者生活的。故A项“相机如何改变了我的生活”符合文章标题，故选A。 Passage 16 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）Fantasy author George Martin has spent 12 years working on The Winds of Winter, the long-awaited sixth part in the series that excited the book fans. With no publishing date in sight, one fan decided to write the story himself, or rather, he asked ChatGPT to write it for him. Surprisingly, the AI quickly produced a 683,276-word work of high quality. But this raises an important question whether AI programs like ChatGPT really produce the kind of writing that moves us and speaks to our souls. “There is a misunderstanding that large language models are not good at writing in an artistic style,” an author Sean Michaels tells BBC． “In fact, they can do it easily and quite well, just like all the image-generating (生成) software can make photos in the styles of Wes Anderson or David Lynch.” For his novel Do You Remember Being Born, in which a poet is approached by a tech company to coauthor a collection of poems with their AI, Michaels created a special type of ChatGPT he called “Moorebot”, which through training learned to write in the style of real-world poet Marianne Moore, further making the distinction (区分) between human and machine unclear. Although some writers oppose the rise of AI out of concern for their jobs, others have put the debate in an older, broader dialogue on the meaning and purpose of art. The Oscar-winning screenwriter Charlie Kaufman has openly expressed his dislike of machine learning. Looking beyond the standard definition of creativity — creating something new and original — Kaufman describes art as any form of expression that establishes an emotional connection between people. Even if AI were capable of writing something emotional, which Michaels claimed it can, Kaufman would refuse to recognise this as art. “If I read a poem,” he recently said in a statement on AI, “and that poem moves me. I am in love with the person who wrote it. I can’t be in love with a computer program. I can’t, because it isn’t anything.” 61．Why is the story of the book fan told? A．To show the popularity of the series. B．To introduce an important question on AI. C．To arouse concern about human writers. D．To prove the writing efficiency of ChatGPT. 62．What are paragraph 2 and 3 mainly about? A．The way that AI writing works. B．A misunderstanding of ChatGPT. C．An example in favour of AI creation. D．The writing methods of Michael’s novel. 63．Which can be considered as art according to Charlie Kaufman? A．A program-generated novel. B．A perfect copy of Wes Anderson’s. C．An emotional poem by ChatGPT. D．A girl’s drawing to her mum. 64．What can be the best title of the text? A．Can AI Create True Art? B．ChatGPT: Greatest Writer Ever? C．The Rise and Fall of AI Programs. D．Can Hi-Tech Have a Promising Future? 【答案】61．B 62．C 63．D 64．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕AI（如ChatGPT）在文学创作中的应用及其引发的争议进行了讨论，提出了关于AI是否能创作出真正触动人心的艺术作品的问题，并引用了不同人的观点和看法。 61．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Fantasy author George Martin has spent 12 years working on The Winds of Winter, the long-awaited sixth part in the series that excited the book fans. With no publishing date in sight, one fan decided to write the story himself, or rather, he asked ChatGPT to write it for him. Surprisingly, the AI quickly produced a 683,276-word work of high quality. But this raises an important question whether AI programs like ChatGPT really produce the kind of writing that moves us and speaks to our souls.(奇幻小说作家George Martin花了12年时间创作《凛冬的狂风》，这是书迷们翘首以盼的系列小说的第六部。由于出版日期遥遥无期，一位书迷决定亲自撰写这个故事，或者更准确地说，他让ChatGPT为他撰写。令人惊讶的是，这个AI迅速产出了一部683,276字的高质量作品。但这引发了一个重要问题：像ChatGPT这样的AI程序真的能创作出触动我们心灵、与我们灵魂对话的作品吗？)”可知，文章作者讲述这位书迷的故事是为了引出关于AI写作是否能触动人心的重要问题。故选B。 62．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段““There is a misunderstanding that large language models are not good at writing in an artistic style,” an author Sean Michaels tells BBC. “In fact, they can do it easily and quite well, just like all the image-generating (生成) software can make photos in the styles of Wes Anderson or David Lynch.”(“有一种误解，认为大型语言模型不擅长艺术风格的写作，”作家Sean Michaels告诉BBC。“事实上，它们可以很容易地做到这一点，而且做得相当好，就像所有图像生成软件都能制作出Wes Anderson或David Lynch风格的照片一样。”)”以及第三段“For his novel Do You Remember Being Born, in which a poet is approached by a tech company to coauthor a collection of poems with their AI, Michaels created a special type of ChatGPT he called “Moorebot”, which through training learned to write in the style of real-world poet Marianne Moore, further making the distinction (区分) between human and machine unclear.(在创作他的小说《你还记得出生吗？》时，一位诗人被一家科技公司邀请，与他们的AI合作创作一系列诗歌。Michaels为此创造了一种特殊的ChatGPT，他称之为“摩尔机器人”。通过训练，“摩尔机器人”学会了以现实世界中诗人Marianne Moore的风格写作，进一步模糊了人与机器之间的界限。)”可知，这两段都是围绕AI创作的能力展开论述的，都是在举例证明AI可以进行艺术创作。故选C。 63．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The Oscar-winning screenwriter Charlie Kaufman has openly expressed his dislike of machine learning. Looking beyond the standard definition of creativity — creating something new and original — Kaufman describes art as any form of expression that establishes an emotional connection between people.(奥斯卡获奖编剧Charlie Kaufman公开表达了他对机器学习的厌恶。在超越创造力的标准定义——即创造新颖且原创的东西——之外， Kaufman将艺术描述为任何能在人与人之间建立情感联系的表达形式。)”可知，Charlie Kaufman认为艺术的本质不是复制已有的东西，而是表达人类的情感、与他人建立联系以及阐明人类状况，因此他对艺术的定义并不是基于是否由AI创作或作品的完美程度，而是基于作品是否能够表达新的想法和情感，选项D“A girl’s drawing to her mum.(一个女孩给她妈妈的画)”最有可能包含独特的个人情感和意图，因此最有可能被Charlie Kaufman视为艺术。故选D。 64．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段讲述了一位书迷使用ChatGPT创作了一本高质量的小说，从而引发了一个重要问题：像ChatGPT这样的AI程序真的能创作出触动我们心灵、与我们灵魂对话的作品吗，接着第二段和第三段通过反驳对ChatGPT的误解和举例论证了AI创作的能力，第四段和第五段通过引用电影制作人Charlie Kaufman的观点，进一步探讨了AI创作是否可以被视为艺术的问题，整篇文章都是围绕AI是否能创造真正的艺术这一问题展开的，因此选项A“(Can AI Create True Art?)AI能创造真正的艺术吗？”能够准确概括文章的主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 Passage 17 （24-25高二上·湖北武汉·期中）Many concepts that are central to the human experience are abstract, such as relationships, ideas, and time — things we can't directly see or touch. We commonly use concrete language to talk and think about these things, often through metaphors(隐喻). Using metaphors is far more than a poetic device of factual statements. A study conducted at Purchase College found that metaphors can frame people's perspectives, thereby shaping their reasoning and subsequent actions. For example, describing the effort to stop climate change as a “war” rather than a “race” caused people to feel more urgency about reducing emissions. Another example is the lightbulb (灯泡) metaphor commonly used to describe new ideas, suggesting that new thoughts appear suddenly like a light switch being turned on. However, this metaphor implies that new ideas come effortlessly and are accessible only to a few geniuses, such as Isaac Newton, who supposedly developed his theory of gravity from a sudden insight about a falling apple. It may lead people to question their capability to generate news ideas, and as a behavioral consequence, people may underestimate the role of hard work and continuous learning in bringing about change. An alternative way to describe ideas is by comparing new thoughts to seeds that fall on fertile ground and — if cared for — will grow and develop over time. Different from the lightbulb metaphor, the seed metaphor implies an understanding that generating new ideas is a laborious process, which requires time and effort. It also suggests that anybody can be the cultivator of ideas as long as they put their mind to it. The subtle effects of metaphors show how powerful language can be, even though we often don't realize it. Who'd have thought a simple use of a lightbulb metaphor could profoundly affect how we understand the concept of innovation? Given the nature of our metaphorical minds, it is worth asking: are our metaphors suitable? We owe it to ourselves and others to use metaphors appropriately. These choices — conscious or not — can be constructive or destructive. 65．What does the study find about metaphors? A．They make language more poetic. B．They help clarify abstract concepts. C．They may cause conflicts between people. D．They can shape people's minds and behavior. 66．What does the underlined word “underestimate” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Realize. B．Overlook. C．Emphasize. D．Acknowledge. 67．How does the seed metaphor differ from the lightbulb metaphor? A．It stresses the importance of natural talent. B．It simplifies the process of cultivating new ideas. C．It leads to people's doubt about their creativity. D．It indicates consistent efforts of individuals. 68．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to use metaphors properly. B．To present the potential limitations of metaphors. C．To reveal the difficulty of understanding metaphors. D．To urge people to reflect on the concept of innovation. 【答案】65．D 66．B 67．D 68．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了比喻在生活中的应用，以及其带来的影响。 65．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A study conducted at Purchase College found that metaphors can frame people’s perspectives, thereby shaping their reasoning and subsequent actions.(Purchase学院进行的一项研究发现，比喻可以塑造人们的视角，从而塑造他们的推理和随后的行动。)”可知，比喻可以塑造人们的思想和行为。故选D项。 66．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Another example is the lightbulb (灯泡) metaphor commonly used to describe new ideas, suggesting that new thoughts appear suddenly like a light switch being turned on. However, this metaphor implies that new ideas come effortlessly and are accessible only to a few geniuses, such as Isaac Newton, who supposedly developed his theory of gravity from a sudden insight about a falling apple. It may lead people to question their capability to generate news ideas, and as a behavioral consequence, people may underestimate the role of hard work and continuous learning in bringing about change.(另一个例子是灯泡比喻，通常用于描述新想法，表明新想法突然出现，就像电灯开关被打开一样。然而，这个比喻意味着新想法毫不费力地出现，只有少数天才才能获得，比如艾萨克·牛顿，他被认为是从突然发现一个掉落的苹果中发展出他的引力理论的。这可能会导致人们质疑自己产生新闻想法的能力，作为一种行为后果，人们可能会underestimate努力工作和持续学习在带来变革方面的作用。)”可知，作者在本段阐述灯泡比喻，利用牛顿的例子来表达灯泡比喻会使人过分强调天赋、对自己的能力产生质疑，相应地对勤奋努力的价值则有所忽视、低估。因此推断画线词与overlook意思相近。故选B。 67．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Different from the lightbulb metaphor, the seed metaphor implies an understanding that generating new ideas is a laborious process, which requires time and effort. It also suggests that anybody can be the cultivator of ideas as long as they put their mind to it.(与灯泡的比喻不同，种子的比喻暗示了一种理解，即产生新的想法是一个艰苦的过程，需要时间和精力。它还表明，任何人都可以成为思想的培养者，只要他们用心去做。)”可知，将一个种子培育成长需要长期的关注和养护，种子比喻的显著特征是它表明个人的持续努力。故选D项。 68．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Given the nature of our metaphorical minds, it is worth asking: are our metaphors suitable? We owe it to ourselves and others to use metaphors appropriately. These choices — conscious or not — can be constructive or destructive.(考虑到我们比喻思维的本质，我们有必要问：我们的比喻合适吗？为了自己和他人，我们有责任恰当地使用比喻。这些选择——有意识的或无意识的——可能是建设性的，也可能是破坏性的。)”可知，作者在最后一段提出问题，告诫读者要恰当合理地使用比喻，显然目的是呼吁人们正确使用比喻。故选A项。 Passage 18 （24-25高二上·山西阳泉·期中）Wake up energetically at 6 am, exercise for over an hour after freshening up, and study productively throughout the day. This daily routine is frequently featured in vlogs on social media with the theme of “self-discipline (自律)”. But when trying out such a schedule, many of us may feel worn out. Is it just because we are lazy? Why do some people seem to have so much energy? Genetic (遗传的) differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. A study published in the journal Nature reported that, in general, genes affect tiredness by an amount ranging from 6 to 50 percent. Nevertheless, there’s a whole lot more you can explore about your energy levels. The food you eat gives you energy. However, there’s an often-ignored element - vitamin D．A study published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients noted that older adults with reduced vitamin D levels experienced fatigue more than those with normal levels. You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream and fried foods. Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. “When you exercise, you release hormones like adrenaline (肾上腺素),” Sabrena Jo, an expert at the American Council on Exercise, told the Health website. “This hormone actually tells our bodies to ignore feelings of pain and fatigue while strengthening blood flow to large muscles.” This “excitement” in your body can last for several hours. Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. Iron shortage and anemia (贫血) are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. 69．Why do some people seem to have more energy than others, according to the text? A．They are strict with themselves. B．They follow a disciplined routine. C．They are born naturally energetic. D．They have more SNPs to stay active. 70．What kind of foods tend to make us feel tired, according to the text? A．Foods rich in saturated fat. B．Foods high in Vitamin D． C．Foods low in protein. D．Foods high in sugar. 71．What can be inferred about the effect of exercise on our energy levels? A．It reduces the body’s need for rest. B．It slows down the release of adrenaline. C．It constantly boosts our energy levels. D．It can lead to exhaustion if done too often. 72．What is the text mainly about? A．Methods for keeping a healthy lifestyle. B．Factors influencing our energy levels. C．Reasons for varying sleep patterns. D．The benefits of exercise and a good diet. 【答案】69．C 70．A 71．D 72．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了影响人们能量水平的因素，包括基因差异、饮食习惯、运动以及潜在健康问题等。 69．细节理解题。根据第三段“Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. (首先，遗传差异可以显著影响我们的能量水平。)”可知，遗传差异显著影响我们的能量水平，因此有些人与生俱来精力充沛。故选C项。 70． 细节理解题。根据第五段“Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream and fried foods. (另一项发表在《营养素》杂志上的分析发现，食用高饱和脂肪的食物与白天过度嗜睡有关。这些食物可能包括你的一些最爱：黄油、奶酪、冰淇淋和油炸食品。)”可知，富含饱和脂肪的食物容易使人感到疲倦。故选A项。 71． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. (锻炼确实有帮助，但也有一定的限度。那些锻炼过于频繁的人可能会对自己的能量水平产生负面影响。)”可知，过度运动可能对能量水平产生负面影响，推断出过于频繁的锻炼会导致疲惫。故选D项。 72．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Why do some people seem to have so much energy? (为什么有些人似乎有那么多的精力？)”、第三段“Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. (首先，遗传差异可以显著影响我们的能量水平。)”、第五段“Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. (另一项发表在《营养素》杂志上的分析发现，食用高饱和脂肪的食物与白天过度嗜睡有关。)”、倒数第三段“Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. (即使锻炼让你满头大汗、气喘吁吁，实际上它也能增加你的能量。)”以及最后一段“Iron shortage and anemia are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. (缺铁和贫血是两种可能导致疲劳增加的健康状况的例子。)”可知，文章主要介绍了影响人们能量水平的因素，包括基因差异、饮食习惯、运动以及潜在健康问题等。故选B项。 Passage 19 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）We’ve all had that restless feeling, that urge to be doing something — anything — other than what we’re doing right now. It’s boredom. Boredom doesn’t just color (影响) the time spent sitting in waiting rooms or watching dull television shows. It can also come into the larger patterns of our lives, such as our jobs and relationships. And it brings a message. Just like pain. Pain is your body’s way of telling you that something is wrong, and that you need to do something about it. Boredom is telling you that what you’re doing is not a good fit for the mental or emotional resources you have at that moment. You may have heard that boredom increases creativity, and some research seems to suggest that it does. But more recent research has called the idea into question, says Andreas Elpidorou, author of Propelled: How Boredom, Frustration, and Anticipation Lead Us to the Good Life. A 2016 study found that boredom probably does not generate creativity. Practice does. In fact, the study found that in many cases, boredom damaged fluency in creative tasks. However, there may be a connection between boredom and creativity. Elpidorou points out that you can respond to boredom in creative ways. And that gets us to what may be the most important fact about boredom: Whether it’s helpful or harmful depends on how you respond to it. When that anxious feeling crops up, it’s easy to immediately reach for your phone and start scrolling (滚动) on social media, or worse. Individuals who are prone (易受...影响的) to boredom are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, according to some research. On the other hand, boredom can push you toward more meaningful tasks, says Elpidorou. When boredom strikes, you might call a friend you haven’t heard from in a while, go for a walk or to the gym, or pick up your guitar and play that tune you’ve been working on. The trick, of course, is to pay attention to that boredom alert and make a conscious decision about how to respond. 73．What do “pain” and “boredom” have in common? A．They initiate a need for change. B．They relates to large patterns of life. C．They reflect similar mental problems. D．They’re signs of physical harm. 74．What might the recent research have discovered? A．Boredom enhances creativity. B．Creativity arises from practice. C．Boredom affects cultural exchange. D．Creative tasks improve quality of life. 75．What strategies might Elpidorou recommend to fight boredom? A．Engaging in social media scrolling. B．Replacing boredom with drug abuse. C．Pursuing more meaningful activities. D．Ignoring the urge to avoid boredom. 76．Which is the best title of the text? A．The Essence of Boredom. B．Creativity and Boredom. C．Keeping Boredom at Bay. D．Turning Boredom into Treasure. 【答案】73．A 74．B 75．C 76．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了无聊的本质及其影响，无聊像疼痛一样传递改变的信号。它可能阻碍创造力，但若正确应对，无聊可以推动人们追求更有意义的活动。 73．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Pain is your body’s way of telling you that something is wrong, and that you need to do something about it. Boredom is telling you that what you’re doing is not a good fit for the mental or emotional resources you have at that moment.(疼痛是身体告诉你某些地方出了问题，并需要采取行动的方式。无聊则是在告诉你，你所做的事情与当下的心理或情感状态不相符)”可知，无聊和疼痛的共同点在于它们都传递了需要改变的信号，可推知无聊和疼痛引发了改变的需求。故选A项。 74．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A 2016 study found that boredom probably does not generate creativity. Practice does. (2016年的一项研究发现，无聊可能不会产生创造力，但实践会)”可知无聊不会直接带来创造力，而是实践起到了作用，因此创造力来自实践。故选B项。 75．细节理解题。根据第四段中“On the other hand, boredom can push you toward more meaningful tasks, says Elpidorou. (另一方面，无聊可以促使你去做更有意义的事情，Elpidorou说道)”可知Elpidorou可能会推荐用追求更有意义的活动来对抗无聊。故选C项。 76．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“However, there may be a connection between boredom and creativity. (然而，无聊和创造力之间可能确实存在某种联系)”以及第四段中“On the other hand, boredom can push you toward more meaningful tasks, says Elpidorou. (另一方面，无聊也可以推动你去完成更有意义的任务，Elpidorou说道)”并结合通读全文可知，文章主要探讨了无聊的本质及其影响，无聊像疼痛一样传递改变的信号。它可能阻碍创造力，但若正确应对，无聊可以推动人们追求更有意义的活动。D项“Turning Boredom into Treasure (将无聊变成财富)”具有高度概括性，符合主旨。故选D项。 Passage 20 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中）As summer vacation approached, the students at Roberta T. Smith Elementary School were eagerly awaiting their favorite part of the day: a class on mental health. Instead of rushing to lunch, the children closed their eyes and moved their thumbs (拇指) from their foreheads to their hearts, guided by their teacher, Kim Franklin. “Listen to the clock,” she instructed. “Remember to breathe.” Across the United States, schools like Smith Elementary have been introducing mental health classes that include yoga, mediation (冥想) , and mindfulness exercises alongside traditional school subjects. This change comes in response to the increasing mental health struggles faced by American students. In 2023, the U. S. CDC (美国疾控中心) reported that over one-third of students experienced more feelings of sadness and hopelessness. The CDC recommended mindfulness practices as a tool to help students manage stress and emotions. Research indicates that school-based mindfulness programs are particularly beneficial in low- income communities, where a large number of students face a high level of stress. More than two-thirds of Smith Elementary’s students come from poor families. The CDC data shows that these teenagers have the fastest-growing rate of stress-related problems. Nationwide, they have limited access to mental health professionals, even in schools. The Inner Explorer program, carried out in over100 school systems across the U. S., guides students and teachers through five-to ten- minute periods of breathing, meditation, and reflection several times a day. Teachers and administrators have observed positive changes in their students since mixing mindfulness into their studies. Malachi Smith, a student of 9, has been practicing the exercises at home under his father’s guidance. “You can relax… and when I calm myself down, I realize I am an excellent learner,” Malachi shared. Similarly, Aniyah Woods, also 9, a student in Kim Franklin’s class, said the program has helped her “calm down” and “reduce her stress”. She added, “It brought me a sense of peace.” 77．What’s the author’s purpose in describing the scene in paragraph 1? A．To lead in the topic. B．To share a personal experience. C．To introduce a new teaching method. D．To present an argument. 78．What has caused some American schools to set mental health classes? A．The CDC’s requirements. B．The pressure from school leaders. C．The growing mental challenges faced by students. D．The increasing concern about students’ performance in study. 79．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Teenagers from rich families seldom meet with mental stress. B．Mindfulness programs should have been carried out earlier. C．There has already been obvious improvement in students’ mental health. D．The poorer a student’s family is, the more stress he suffers from. 80．What’s Aniyah’s attitude towards the school- based mindfulness program? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Supportive. 【答案】77．A 78．C 79．C 80．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国多数学校引入瑜伽、冥想、正念练习等心理健康课程，帮助学生排解心理压力。 77．推理判断题。根据第一段“As summer vacation approached, the students at Roberta T. Smith Elementary School were eagerly awaiting their favorite part of the day: a class on mental health. Instead of rushing to lunch, the children closed their eyes and moved their thumbs (拇指) from their foreheads to their hearts, guided by their teacher, Kim Franklin. “Listen to the clock,” she instructed. “Remember to breathe.”(随着暑假的临近，罗伯塔·T·史密斯小学（Roberta T. Smith Elementary School）的学生们急切地等待着他们一天中最喜欢的部分：一节关于心理健康的课。孩子们没有急着吃午饭，而是闭上眼睛，在老师金·富兰克林（Kim Franklin）的指导下，把拇指从前额移到心口。“听钟，”她指示道。“记得呼吸。”)”可知，本段描述美国一个学校的学生放学后不去吃饭，反而坐在教室里面，在老师的带领下做正念练习的场景。根据下文可知，目前美国学生压力增加，自杀率上升，为了应对这种情况，一些学校引入了心理健康课程及其实施情况。由此可推知，作者描述该场景是为了引出文章主题。故选A项。 78．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“This change comes in response to the increasing mental health struggles faced by American students. In 2023, the U. S. CDC (美国疾控中心) reported that over one-third of students experienced more feelings of sadness and hopelessness. The CDC recommended mindfulness practices as a tool to help students manage stress and emotions.( 这一变化是为了应对美国学生面临的日益严重的心理健康问题。2023年，美国疾病控制与预防中心报告称，超过三分之一的学生经历了更多的悲伤和绝望情绪。疾病预防控制中心推荐正念练习作为帮助学生管理压力和情绪的工具。)”可知，学校引入心理健康课程是为了应对学生日益增加的压力状况。故选C项。 79．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Teachers and administrators have observed positive changes in their students since mixing mindfulness into their studies(教师和管理人员发现，自从将正念融入学习后，学生们发生了积极的变化。)”可知，自从将正念练习引入学习，教师和管理人员发现学生已经有了积极的转变。即学生的心理健康有了明显的改善。故选C项。 80．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Similarly, Aniyah Woods, also 9, a student in Kim Franklin’s class, said the program has helped her “calm down” and “reduce her stress”. She added, “It brought me a sense of peace.”(同样，9岁的阿尼亚·伍兹（Aniyah Woods）也是金·富兰克林班上的一名学生，她说这个项目帮助她“冷静下来”，“减轻了压力”。她补充说，“这给我带来了一种平静的感觉。”)”可知，阿尼亚对以学校为基础的正念计划持支持的态度。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解（一）20篇 Passage 01 （24-25高二上·江西·期中）India has been one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of wheat and rice. “We used to know when it would rain and for how long, and we planted our seeds (种子) accordingly,” said P. Ravinder Reddy, a former Indian soldier who turned to farming on his family’s land 16 years ago. “Now, many times the seeds don’t grow either because there’s too much rain or it’s completely dry.” Some are taking to what is called natural farming — techniques like planting crops alongside trees and other plants that can protect crops from wind and some extreme weather— to deal with climate change. But that can mean reduced yields (产量), so India’s government is promoting the use of new varieties of rice seeds that don’ t decrease yields. According to a United Nations report released earlier this year, more than 700 million people went hungry last year and over a third of the global population is unable to afford a healthy diet. Apart from India, other programs including a United States government program and privately funded projects are helping develop new seeds that can adapt to climate change in Africa, Central America and other Asian countries. “We really need these seeds to deal with these multiple issues created by global warming,” said Ashok Kumar Singh, former director of New Delhi-based Indian Agriculture Research Institute and a scientist who specializes in plant genetics and breeding. Singh has overseen the creation of multiple successful rice varieties to resist various plant diseases. And his organization, with funding from the government, has released more than 2,000 seed varieties in the last decade. “Ensuring that farmers know about such seeds, can afford them and are trained to use them properly is as important as creating the seeds,” said Aditi Mukherji, director for climate change adaptation and mitigation at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and an author of several United Nations climate reports. 1．What can we learn from P. Ravinder Reddy’s words? A．He has been a soldier for sixteen years. B．He has an approach to helping seeds grow. C．The climate in India has become extreme. D．It is easy to predict when it will rain in India. 2．What is a consequence of applying natural farming? A．Yield decrease. B．Energy shortage. C．Land loss. D．Environmental harm. 3．What does the author want to show by mentioning 700 million people? A．The rising population around the world. B．The right way of keeping a healthy diet. C．The importance of a United Nations report. D．The necessity for developing tougher seeds. 4．What is Aditi Mukherji’s suggestion for the governments? A．Training their farmers. B．Creating more jobs. C．Raising the price of seeds. D．Ensuring personal security. Passage 02 （24-25高二上·浙江温州·期中）“The climate time bomb is ticking,” said UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres at a recent meeting. Preventing global warming from reaching the 1. 5 °C limit is “achievable” but it will take a giant leap in climate action, Guterres added. As cities develop, some sources of carbon emissions (排放) may be hard to notice for most people, for example, the bricks used in buildings. US company Biomason has produced bio-based cement (水泥), which can sharply cut emissions during traditional cement production. “We grow cement the same way nature does,” wrote the company’s website. How the cement is “grown” is based on biomineralization, the process by which living organisms produce minerals. One example of biomineralization is coral reefs. Massive reef structures are formed when each individual stony coral produces calcium carbonate, a kind of mineral. Although the stony corals are tiny, one reef structure, built by millions of stony corals, can grow to weigh several tons. This biobased cement alternative is called Biolith. During the production of each Biolith tile, bacteria and nutrients are mixed with sand. Organisms then produce calcium carbonate by absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen (氮). However, the process doesn’t change the size of the Biolith tile instead, it increases the density. The produced calcium carbonate forms bridges between the grains, strengthening the unit from within. It takes less than 72 hours to let a Biolith tile “grow” fully, while traditional concrete requires about 28 days to make a brick. The company aims to “remove 25 percent of carbon emissions from the concrete industry by 2030,” according to its website. Traditional concrete is made of crushed stones. The process involves heating the stone to temperatures greater than 1,300 °C, during which carbon dioxide is emitted. The manufacture of Biolith, however, doesn’t involve heating, which greatly reduces carbon emissions. The company plans on increasing the use of bio-based bricks, covering 35,000 square meters in Europe by the end of this year. 5．What is biomineralization? A．The process of producing bio-based cement. B．The process of controlling calcium carbonate. C．The process of producing minerals by living organisms. D．The process of absorbing a liquid made of calcium and nitrogen. 6．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the production of Biolith? A．It requires temperatures greater than 1,300° C． B．It takes as long as traditional concrete to fully harden. C．It involves the use of living organisms to create calcium carbonate. D．It releases more carbon dioxide than traditional concrete production. 7．What is the main advantage of Biolith over traditional concrete? A．It makes bricks larger and more durable. B．It requires no heating, cutting carbon emissions. C．It reduces the amount of sand used in construction. D．It reduces the time needed for concrete to set by half. 8．Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of the article? A．To explain how climate change affects coral reefs. B．To highlight the difficulties in creating eco-friendly cement. C．To discuss global climate goals and their impact on construction. D．To describe a company’s efforts to reduce emissions in the concrete industry. Passage 03 （24-25高二上·浙江温州·期中）There has been a battle raging in my living room — a deep-rooted standoff that began when I was a child of about nine. That is the age I was when my parents purchased a second-hand piano to support my continuing musical training. Some may characterize it as a love-hate relationship, even though I believe the bond between us is more than that. Of course, on the “hate” side there were plenty of frustrating hours spent practicing, the forced performances for relatives, the trimmed fingernails. And the responsibility I had to shoulder, as my family sacrificed a lot for me to have piano lessons, because I had talent. My teachers said so and, truthfully, my heart said so, too. But all too often it felt like a burden. There was also love on that piano bench. There were times when I could feel the music ring through me. I could feel it vibrate through my fingers. The connection between two people when performing a duet was beautiful. When my music landed on my audience it made me want to play forever. But my musical talent did not survive my teenage years. It was no competition for the freedom I sought and eventually fought for. When I had a home of my own, the piano mostly sat unloved or at least unused, feeling fingers on the keys only during Christmas and when my own children took piano lessons. I know every inch of this piano. I spent years of my life in front of this piano. Awaiting my free will to ripen enough to release me from lessons. Awaiting my life to begin. Awaiting my mother to leave the room so I could secretly read my book while practicing scales. It feels like I am giving away the family pet. So here I sit playing my last tune before the movers take the piano away and surprisingly there lies a growing desire for something else. It is time to clear the air to let in a different melody. Time to say, “Thank you for being part of my life,” take a bow and leave the stage… with one final note rising up alongside the dust in a sunbeam. 9．What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean? A．Conflict. B．Challenge. C．Relationship. D．Understanding. 10．Why did the author feel frustrated about playing piano? A．She lacked the talent in playing the piano. B．She had to give up activities she enjoyed. C．She felt burdened because of the responsibility. D．She couldn’t express her emotions through music. 11．What can we learn about the author in paragraph 5? A．The author looked forward to growing up. B．The piano took away the author’s freedom. C．The author made a great effort to learn piano. D．The author preferred reading to playing the piano. 12．What is the most suitable title for the passage? A．A Farewell to My Piano. B．Challenges of Playing the Piano. C．Love and Responsibility in Music. D．Reflection on My Musical Journey. Passage 04 （24-25高二上·安徽宿州·期中）Not only is sleep a common topic of our small talk, we’ve also spent decades trying to understand and explain it. After all, we spend an average of 26 years of our lives sleeping. Here are the important findings of the last decade of research. A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping. In a study called “Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers”, researchers asked questions to participants (参与者) in a lucid dream. The dreamers signaled the answers using pre-agreed eye or facial movements. They were accurate, suggesting they could access their cognitive (认知) functions such as working memory while sleeping. This interaction between dreamworld and reality has brought excitement to sleep experts. Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving. A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things, are reactivated during sleep. That means that while we’re sleeping, our brains go over our daily experiences, which is considered important for keeping memories. And, if you’ve ever felt it was best to sleep on a tricky problem and solve it in the morning, you might have scientific backing! A 2019 study by Sanders found that people were more likely to solve a tricky problem the next day if the problem had been activated in their brains during sleep. So, if you’re stuck, rest up and return to it in the morning. What if you’ve trouble falling asleep? Unfortunately, you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional regulation, according to a 2021 study. The good news is there are plenty of tips to help you overcome your sleep difficulty. Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down, meditating (冥想) before bed, and avoiding caffeine before bed. 13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Dreaming has little connection to reality. B．Lucid dreaming is a common experience. C．People can communicate with others while dreaming. D．People can control their dreams in lucid dreaming. 14．What does Denis and Cairney’s research suggest? A．Sleep helps the brain learn better. B．People dream a lot during their sleep. C．Lack of sleep has negative effect on mood. D．People forget most of daily events during sleep. 15．Why might sleeping help solve problems? A．The brain learns better at night. B．The brain has a good rest during sleep. C．Sleeping allows the brain to process daily events, D．Sleepers have more time to think about the problem. 16．What is recommended to improve sleep quality? A．Have a regular bedtime routine. B．Exercise for some time before bed. C．Stay awake for longer during the day. D．Avoid talking about sleep in the daytime. Passage 05 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear: he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates. In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time. Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit (经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor. Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt. Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages. 17．What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species? A．Examining plants and animals collected. B．His desire for a voyage to different continents. C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America. D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University. 18．Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species? A．That he had ten children in all. B．That he lost his eldest daughter. C．His youngest son’s being disabled. D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood. 19．What can we learn from the passage? A．Darwin’s interest of study never changed. B．Darwin’s happy family gave him much support in his studies. C．Darwin’s discoveries were based on his life and field studies. D．Darwin’s theory of evolution was accepted at the very beginning. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．Darwin’s passion for medical science. B．Charles Darwin’s changing interest. C．Charles Darwin’s discoveries and family tics. D．Charles Darwin’s life and work. Passage 06 （24-25高二上·江西·期中）Ckunsa, the language of the Lickanantay people who have lived in the Atacama Desert for more than 11,000 years, was declared “extinct” in the 1950s. An extinct language is a language that no longer exists due to there being no speakers or users, in linguistics or otherwise. It’s a language no one bothers to study at all. “I don’t accept that my native language is extinct,” says 50-year-old Tomás Vilca, an aboriginal person living in the depths of the desert. “We are bringing it back. We are going to revive our language.” About 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, of which around 1,500 are in danger of disappearing altogether by the end of this century. Ckunsa is not the only one to disappear. The Selk’ nam, a native people who lived in the furthest southern reaches of Chile, spoke a language called Ona, which has also been declared extinct. Recently, in 2021, Cristina Calderón, the last speaker of the Yagán language at the southernmost tip of South America, died. With her death, the Yagán language became extinct. “At the educational level, we are working constantly to revive Ckunsa through the school subject,” said Margarita Makuc, head of the Chilean Education Ministry’s general education division. In 2018 and 2019, the ministry spoke to representatives from the country’s 10 native communities to build a curriculum (课程表) for the subject, which was approved and carried out in July 2020. In October 2021, the first great meeting of the Ckunsa language was held in an attempt to plot a way forward for the recovery of the language. And in May this year, a foundation handed out 1,400 mini Ckunsa dictionaries to primary school students in San Pedro de Atacama. Ilia Reyes Aymani, a local 50-year-old teacher, has written short songs in Ckunsa to teach colors and numbers to the local children. “We’re trying to leave something behind for our children, much as our grandparents and ancestors did for us,” says Reyes Aymani. “The more we spread the words and teach people, the faster Ckunsa grows as a language. It’s great to see how people are taking it up, and showing us that our heritage matters.” 21．What does the underlined word “aboriginal” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Creative. B．Inexperienced. C．Local. D．Unlucky. 22．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By reasoning. B．By analyzing results. C．By experimenting. D．By giving examples. 23．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Students’ performance in Chile. B．Efforts to revive Ckunsa. C．Steps in learning a foreign language. D．Problems with carrying out the project. 24．What does Reyes Aymani think of his present work? A．It is beneficial to future generations. B．It earns him a large sum of money. C．It makes him feel anxious and stressed. D．It gets him to know more famous people. Passage 07 （24-25高二上·河南洛阳·期中）Weather researchers are using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to improve existing weather prediction methods. But, experts say the AI tools currently face limitations and should be used along with traditional prediction methods to be most effective. AI systems trained to predict, or forecast weather events are now being used by many government agencies and organizations worldwide. Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods. One weather predicting system that has shown promise is the Google-financed GraphCast method. This machine learning-based system trains directly on weather data that has already been collected and examined. Such methods have demonstrated an ability to outperform traditional forecasting systems. The system works by combining past weather predictions with modern forecasting models to provide the most complete picture of weather and climate. In Europe, the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has been using AI prediction tools since January. The organization provides detailed weather forecasts four times per day to nations across Europe. The ECMWF technology is called the Artificial Intelligence/ Integrated Forecasting System(AIFS). The group describes the system as a“data-driven” forecasting model. It is designed to make many predietions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves. AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding. But while the predictions were right, destruction caused by the flooding could not be avoided. Experts told Reuters this is largely because it is still difficult to gather and fully utilize (利用) some collected weather data. In addition, there is a need to strengthen and improve currentAI models used to predict weather. Andrew Charlton-Perez is a professor of meteorology— the scientific study of weather processes— at the University of Reading in Britain. He told Reuters, “In some cases, AI models can beat physics-based models, but in other cases vice versa (反之亦然).” Charlton- Perez said he thinks the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools. This, he noted, could utilize AI data to produce weather predictions based on large sets of information collected from different sources. 25．What’s the advantage of AI weather predicting system? A．It provides detailed weather forecasts frequently. B．It can avoid extreme events including heatwaves. C．It can predict weather conditions faster at a low cost. D．It is used in all walks of life without limitations. 26．What is the purpose of AIFS? A．To avoid national floods. B．To forecast disaster destruction. C．To provide timely data. D．To predict weather events quickly. 27．What can we know about the prediction of AI-data from the ECMWF? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s precise. C．It’s much easier. D．It’s worldwide. 28．How can AI improve the weather forecast? A．By combining AI with traditional methods. B．By using AI prediction tools collectively. C．By making use of Google Graph Cast method. D．By gathering a lot of current weather data. Passage 08 （24-25高二上·江西·期中）A mysterious phenomenon first observed in 2013 in a remote part of the Pacific Ocean appeared so unbelievable. Sensor readings seemed to show that oxygen was being made on the seabed 4,000 meters below the surface. “I told my students to put the sensors back in the box. We shipped them back to the producer and got them tested because I thought they had given us nonsense,” said Andrew Sweetman, a professor at the Scottish Association for Marine Science. “And every single time the producer came back: ‘They’re working accurately.’” Photosynthetic organisms (光合生物) such as plants and algae use sunlight to produce oxygen that cycles into the ocean depths, but previous studies conducted in the deep sea have shown that oxygen is only consumed, not produced, by the organisms that live there. Now, the team’s research was challenging this long-held assumption, finding oxygen produced without photosynthesis. Sweetman first made the unexpected observation that “dark oxygen” was being produced on the seafloor while assessing marine biodiversity in an area that’s used for mining potato-size polymetallic nodules (多金属结核). Metals contained in the nodules are in high demand for use in solar panels, electric car batteries and other green technology. The team took some of the samples of polymetallic nodules back to study in the lab to try to understand exactly how oxygen was being produced. Working with scientists at Northwestern University, Dr. Sweetman discovered that the nodules produce a small amount of electricity. When the nodules are close together, they create enough electricity to produce the oxygen. The discovery raises more concerns about deep-sea mining. Craig Smith from the University of Hawaii said he favored a pause on mining the nodules. Early attempts at mining efforts in the zone in the 1980s provided a warning. “In 2016 and 2017, marine biologists visited sites that were mined in the 1980s and found not even bacteria had recovered in mined areas,” said Smith. “In unmined regions, however, there are many species of sealife.” 29．Why did Sweetman send the sensors back to the producer? A．He broke them by accident. B．He didn’t need them anymore. C．He thought they were out of order. D．He wanted to replace them with the latest ones. 30．According to the text, the team succeeded in _____________. A．inventing electric car batteries B．producing oxygen in the deep ocean C．creating polymetallic nodules in the lab D．proving the long-held assumption wrong 31．What is Craig Smith’s attitude to deep-sea mining? A．Favorable. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 32．What is the best title for the text? A．New Research on the Indian Ocean B．Dark Oxygen Was Found on the Seafloor C．It Is Important for Us to Protect Sealife D．A Mysterious Study on Green Technology Passage 09 （24-25高二上·山东菏泽·期中）Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn’t reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 33．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method? A．It is good. B．It is simple. C．It is popular. D．It is creative. 34．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Care. B．Hope. C．Humor. D．Silence. 35．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By spending more time with their teens. B．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts. D．By expressing agreement on what whatever ever their teens say. 36．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Life. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Education. Passage 10 （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing personal information publicly was uncommon. Nowadays, it’s normal for young people to post updates about their lives and interact on the Internet regularly. Supporters of social media say it brings people closer together, and helps make friends, learn about different cultures, and celebrate events. Yet, concerns arise over this lifestyle’s impact, especially regarding the quantity and nature of shared information. Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be harmful. Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. This outcome has several reasons. Social media often features idealized content like beautiful vacations, lively events, and trendy outfits. Since negative experiences or unappealing images are rarely shared, it creates a false reality. Comparing these highlights to one’s own life can contribute to depression, as people may perceive their lives as inferior. Even those sharing the positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. Since social media is a big part of our lives now, it’s not going away. Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. 37．What is the impact of inappropriate social media use according to the research? A．It enhances online interactions. B．It increases overall happiness. C．It can lead to unhappiness. D．It improves global connectivity. 38．Why might individuals feel stressed after posting the positive content on social media? A．They are concerned others mislead their posts. B．They believe others lead happier lives. C．They fear they may be cyber-bullied by others. D．They worry about quality of their posts. 39．How does the author develop the third paragraph of the article? A．By providing examples. B．By listing causes. C．By making comparisons. D．By describing process. 40．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To encourage people to quit social media. B．To discuss the benefits of social media. C．To highlight the negative effects of social media. D．To advocate balancing online and offline lives. Passage 11 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）President Cleveland is the only U. S. president to lose his first reelection bid then return four years later to win back the White House. He has been noted for his reformist agenda and opposition to customs that foreshowed the free-trade movement of the 1890s. But the 22nd and 24th president of the United States is perhaps best known as the only American president to hold the office for two non-consecutive (非连续的) terms. In 1884, Cleveland, defeated opponent James Blaine in a narrow victory. Four years later, He lost his 1888 reelection race focusing on economic policy issues, customs included, but lacking effective management and unity within his party to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison despite securing the popular vote. However, in an 1892 rematch, Cleveland defeated Harrison to reclaim the office. Cleveland’s failed 1888 reelection campaign against Harrison, for the reason that the campaign was incompetently run on nearly every front, according to Troy Senik, presidential historian, former presidential speechwriter. “He began the race without a campaign manager; delegated most of the electioneering responsibilities to his running mate, Allen Thurman, who, at the age of 74, was not healthy enough to resist the rigors of campaigning; and based the entire race around his proposal to reduce customs, which divided his own Democratic Party and unified the Republicans in opposition,” Senik says. With the economy taking center stage during the campaign and a third-party bid from the newly formed Populist Party Cleveland again claimed victory in 1892, prevailing the popular vote 46 percent to 43 percent over Harrison. Cleveland sailed to a decisive Electoral College win with 277 votes, which indicated that Cleveland won largely mainly because he had been proved prescient on the customs issue. “Woodrow Wilson once wrote of Cleveland that his courses of action were incalculable to the mere politician, simply because they were not based on calculation. Cleveland was never especially beloved, but he was respected,” Senik says, “that was precisely because the public knew that he’d do what he thought was right rather than what he thought was politically expedient.” 41．Why did Cleveland lose his chance of the two consecutive-terms? A．He has no popular support among the Publics. B．The preparation before the election was inadequate. C．He felt a great responsibility as president and was eager to retire. D．Party members lack effective governance and unity within his own party. 42．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．The main contents in 1888 reelection. B．The lack of campaign manager in 1888. C．Effectiveness of the proposal to reduce customs. D．The reason of Cleveland’s failure in 1888 reelection. 43．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “prevailing” in the fourth paragraph? A．Winning. B．Losing. C．Electing. D．Competing. 44．What can we infer from last paragraph? A．Cleveland was loved by a lot of people. B．Cleveland was highly thought of by people. C．Cleveland lost the heart of the public. D．Cleveland put political interests first. Passage 12 （24-25高二上·河南洛阳·期中）Children can work together to reach a target that benefits a whole group even if it is at a personal cost to themselves, a new study has shown. Researchers invited groups of 6 to 10-year-olds to take part in a game where they were each given containers of water and could decide how much of it to offer into a common pool. If the group contributed a certain amount of water, it resulted in benefits for the whole group, but children also obtained benefits for any water they kept. At the same time, the participants were either given feedback about their own outcomes in the game or about everyone’s outcomes. The results showed the majority of groups achieved their objectives and cooperated until the last round of the game, even when children observed the outcomes of others within their groups. However, those who did see everyone’s outcomes were somewhat less likely to keep reaching the target as the game progressed, and differences in individual outcomes became more noticeable. Researchers say the findings provide valuable insights into how groups of people can work together to overcome challenges and demonstrate the effectiveness of setting clear targets. Dr Patricia Kanngiesser, Associate Professor in Psychology at the University of Plymouth and the study’s lead author, said:“A lot of the challenges facing society today involve choices between one’s self-interest and contributing to the greater good. That is certainly the case if we think about things like climate action, where targets can only be achieved if people and nations work together. Our study shows that working towards a clear target can produce results that finally benefit everyone. And even children as young as six can do it.” The study is the latest by Dr Kanngiesser and Plymouth colleague Dr Jan Woike to use games to study human behaviour and explore ways to promote cooperation. It also allowed them to explore findings from previous research, which showed that having the opportunity to compare own and others’ outcomes can lead to competition and decrease willingness to contribute to the common good. For the purposes of this study, children had the opportunity to talk during the game and spoke, for example, about reaching the common goal. 45．Who obtained benefits in the game? A．Only the children who kept some water. B．The children who made it to the last round. C．The participant who contributed the most water. D．The group that contributed the required amount. 46．What’s Kanngiesser’s attitude towards the targets and cooperation? A．Critical. B．Appreciative. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 47．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Children have many challenges solving current problems. B．Researchers find valuable insights into the clear targets. C．People work together to achieve goals benefiting everyone. D．People think about climate action affecting their daily life. 48．Why does the author mention Kanngiesser and Woike? A．To offer more context of the study. B．To give examples of great professors. C．To encourage studying for the project. D．To get readers to cooperate with them. Passage 13 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）As ice sheets melted, they often left behind landscapes that typically take many years to become habitable for vegetation and wildlife. However, recent research has discovered that in just three years, these poor areas can be brought back to life by South American camelids (美洲鸵). By the foot of Peru’s Uruashraju glacier, researchers partnered with local farmers to herd camelids on four plots. For three days a month from 2019 to 2022, the camelids grazed (吃草)the plots. By the end of that time, the otherwise dry and easily destroyed soil stabilized, grew richer in nutrients and supported 57 percent more plant cover than before. Such an ancestral Andean practice of camelids herding could potentially cushion the crops, animals and livelihoods of local communities from the impacts of climate change. As is the case worldwide, glaciers are disappearing in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca mountains at an astonishing rate. And as the ice melts, nearby ecosystems lose access to summertime supplies of freshwater and sometimes encounter harmful acidic minerals in rocks once covered by the glaciers. Camelids may help counter some of these effects. Their transformation of the land could reduce rock weathering, thus limiting the acidic runoff that can poison farmers’ crops. The idea that grass-eating animals grazing may positively impact a landscape is not new. Nor is rewilding, the push to reintroduce key species to their native ecosystems, unique to the Cordillera Blanca mountains. In Finland, for example, the Indigenous Sami are working to reintroduce reindeer in deforested land. And a group in Spain hopes one day to lift the wild cattle known as the auroch out of extinction, putting it to use in grazing. But the size and speed of the changes the camelids helped bring about surprised the researchers. “Putting nutrients over the soil can produce similar effects on plant growth,” says ecologist Kelsey Reider of James Madison University, but “the animals themselves are doing a lot.” For one, animal waste is special. For another, the camelids weed out dominant plants, making space for new species. 49．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Results of camelids herding. B．Impacts of climate change. C．Ancestral Andean practices. D．Partnership with local farmers. 50．What might be a consequence of glaciers’ melting? A．Increased acidic runoff. B．Reduced rock weathering. C．Decline in summer rainfall. D．Shortage of mineral resources. 51．Why are “the reindeer” and “the auroch” mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To clarify a potential problem. B．To explain a natural phenomenon. C．To compare different rewilding project. D．To justify a conservation effort. 52．What is Kelsey Reider’s attitude towards camelids herding? A．Disapproving. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. Passage 14 （24-25高二上·浙江绍兴·期中）Virtual reality (VR) is already widespread in various fields. But while vision and hearing interfaces (接口) are extremely advanced, and touch, or “haptics,” is improving, one key sense has been missing from the virtual world: smell. That may be about to change. Engineer Xinge Yu of the City University of Hong Kong and his colleagues have developed a lightweight, flexible and wireless smell interface that can precisely deliver smells such as pineapple or green tea to VR users and more fully immerse them in scented virtual worlds. Previous smell interfaces have typically used bottles of liquid perfume, an atomizer (a device that turns liquids into a fine mist) and some method of blowing the atomized droplets out. This works, but it is rigid and has limited operating time between refills, and it does not easily allow for controlling intensity. These drawbacks have made the devices less practical for VR systems. The new design uses small wax pads filled with scents that are heated by an electrode (电极) to release a smell. A thermistor senses the temperature, which controls the smell’s intensity. The study describes two different device formats. The first is small enough that it can be stuck to a user’s top lip, but it includes only two smell generators. The second is worn like a face mask and has nine. Both are customizable with a selection of 30 smells, including ginger, clove, mojito and coconut milk. Different combinations can be blended at varying intensities to create thousands of possible fragrances. The study includes demonstrations of possible applications beyond just enhancing VR, including communicating messages by smell and arousing emotions. The researchers suggest the devices could even be used to ease depressed mood or promote recall in people with age-related cognitive decline. “Scent is directly connected to the emotional and memory parts of the brain, so there are a lot of applications related to well-being and health,” Amores says. 53．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To give a definition of VR B．To introduce the change in VR C．To show the importance of VR D．To emphasize the existing use of VR 54．Which is the advantage of the new interfaces? A．They can only be worn as a face mask. B．They allow people to control the smell intensity. C．They have limited operating time between refills. D．They have typically used bottles of liquid perfume. 55．What does the author mean by saying the new interfaces are “customizable”? A．They are ready for sale. B．They have a selection of 30 smells. C．They can be blended at varying intensities. D．They can be designed to meet different needs. 56．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The design of the study. B．The advantages of the study. C．The applications of the study. D．The disadvantages of the study. Passage 15 （24-25高二上·山东菏泽·期中）Do you have that one piece of technology that changes your life for the better? The technology that helped change my life is the camera. Photography is using photos to create art to make something beautiful to create a story. The camera was used to capture moments in history. When it was first invented in the 1800s, Joseph Nic éphore Ni é pce was the first person to take photos to capture the world’s beauty. The camera shows a different view of the world to me by showing the true colors of when and how there will always be the good and bad in the world. It is important to me, because it helps bring back the history of the past. Next thing is that back then the camera helped show art by using photos to create feelings of nostalgia (怀旧) and purpose. If we had no photography then there would be less knowledge about the history of the past. When I was a young girl, my family would take pictures to record the memories whether they were the good or bad. In our family, valuable photos are considered a treasure passed down from one generation to the next. My strong love for photography was from my uncle who was a photographer and I loved looking at his pictures. Later, I take pictures to show a meaning through the photos to follow in his footsteps. We are on a timeline, and photos can help freeze moments on the timeline. Today people are using photos to create a timeline for their future by putting them in a photo album(相册) or posting them on social media, which can help them remember what happened in the past. 57．How did the camera influence the author? A．She developed strong interest in technology. B．She began to express her feelings to others. C．She learned something about the past. D．She passed different views to others. 58．What made the author become interested in taking pictures? A．Her uncle’s influence. B．Her wish to remember good memories C．Her interest in creating art. D．Her dream of becoming a photography 59．Why do people post photos online according to the text? A．To share their daily lives. B．To record moments in life. C．To plan for the future. D．To make photo albums. 60．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．How the camera changed my life B．What I have learned from my uncle C．What pictures can bring to people D．How photography influences history Passage 16 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）Fantasy author George Martin has spent 12 years working on The Winds of Winter, the long-awaited sixth part in the series that excited the book fans. With no publishing date in sight, one fan decided to write the story himself, or rather, he asked ChatGPT to write it for him. Surprisingly, the AI quickly produced a 683,276-word work of high quality. But this raises an important question whether AI programs like ChatGPT really produce the kind of writing that moves us and speaks to our souls. “There is a misunderstanding that large language models are not good at writing in an artistic style,” an author Sean Michaels tells BBC． “In fact, they can do it easily and quite well, just like all the image-generating (生成) software can make photos in the styles of Wes Anderson or David Lynch.” For his novel Do You Remember Being Born, in which a poet is approached by a tech company to coauthor a collection of poems with their AI, Michaels created a special type of ChatGPT he called “Moorebot”, which through training learned to write in the style of real-world poet Marianne Moore, further making the distinction (区分) between human and machine unclear. Although some writers oppose the rise of AI out of concern for their jobs, others have put the debate in an older, broader dialogue on the meaning and purpose of art. The Oscar-winning screenwriter Charlie Kaufman has openly expressed his dislike of machine learning. Looking beyond the standard definition of creativity — creating something new and original — Kaufman describes art as any form of expression that establishes an emotional connection between people. Even if AI were capable of writing something emotional, which Michaels claimed it can, Kaufman would refuse to recognise this as art. “If I read a poem,” he recently said in a statement on AI, “and that poem moves me. I am in love with the person who wrote it. I can’t be in love with a computer program. I can’t, because it isn’t anything.” 61．Why is the story of the book fan told? A．To show the popularity of the series. B．To introduce an important question on AI. C．To arouse concern about human writers. D．To prove the writing efficiency of ChatGPT. 62．What are paragraph 2 and 3 mainly about? A．The way that AI writing works. B．A misunderstanding of ChatGPT. C．An example in favour of AI creation. D．The writing methods of Michael’s novel. 63．Which can be considered as art according to Charlie Kaufman? A．A program-generated novel. B．A perfect copy of Wes Anderson’s. C．An emotional poem by ChatGPT. D．A girl’s drawing to her mum. 64．What can be the best title of the text? A．Can AI Create True Art? B．ChatGPT: Greatest Writer Ever? C．The Rise and Fall of AI Programs. D．Can Hi-Tech Have a Promising Future? Passage 17 （24-25高二上·湖北武汉·期中）Many concepts that are central to the human experience are abstract, such as relationships, ideas, and time — things we can't directly see or touch. We commonly use concrete language to talk and think about these things, often through metaphors(隐喻). Using metaphors is far more than a poetic device of factual statements. A study conducted at Purchase College found that metaphors can frame people's perspectives, thereby shaping their reasoning and subsequent actions. For example, describing the effort to stop climate change as a “war” rather than a “race” caused people to feel more urgency about reducing emissions. Another example is the lightbulb (灯泡) metaphor commonly used to describe new ideas, suggesting that new thoughts appear suddenly like a light switch being turned on. However, this metaphor implies that new ideas come effortlessly and are accessible only to a few geniuses, such as Isaac Newton, who supposedly developed his theory of gravity from a sudden insight about a falling apple. It may lead people to question their capability to generate news ideas, and as a behavioral consequence, people may underestimate the role of hard work and continuous learning in bringing about change. An alternative way to describe ideas is by comparing new thoughts to seeds that fall on fertile ground and — if cared for — will grow and develop over time. Different from the lightbulb metaphor, the seed metaphor implies an understanding that generating new ideas is a laborious process, which requires time and effort. It also suggests that anybody can be the cultivator of ideas as long as they put their mind to it. The subtle effects of metaphors show how powerful language can be, even though we often don't realize it. Who'd have thought a simple use of a lightbulb metaphor could profoundly affect how we understand the concept of innovation? Given the nature of our metaphorical minds, it is worth asking: are our metaphors suitable? We owe it to ourselves and others to use metaphors appropriately. These choices — conscious or not — can be constructive or destructive. 65．What does the study find about metaphors? A．They make language more poetic. B．They help clarify abstract concepts. C．They may cause conflicts between people. D．They can shape people's minds and behavior. 66．What does the underlined word “underestimate” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Realize. B．Overlook. C．Emphasize. D．Acknowledge. 67．How does the seed metaphor differ from the lightbulb metaphor? A．It stresses the importance of natural talent. B．It simplifies the process of cultivating new ideas. C．It leads to people's doubt about their creativity. D．It indicates consistent efforts of individuals. 68．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to use metaphors properly. B．To present the potential limitations of metaphors. C．To reveal the difficulty of understanding metaphors. D．To urge people to reflect on the concept of innovation. Passage 18 （24-25高二上·山西阳泉·期中）Wake up energetically at 6 am, exercise for over an hour after freshening up, and study productively throughout the day. This daily routine is frequently featured in vlogs on social media with the theme of “self-discipline (自律)”. But when trying out such a schedule, many of us may feel worn out. Is it just because we are lazy? Why do some people seem to have so much energy? Genetic (遗传的) differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. A study published in the journal Nature reported that, in general, genes affect tiredness by an amount ranging from 6 to 50 percent. Nevertheless, there’s a whole lot more you can explore about your energy levels. The food you eat gives you energy. However, there’s an often-ignored element - vitamin D．A study published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients noted that older adults with reduced vitamin D levels experienced fatigue more than those with normal levels. You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream and fried foods. Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. “When you exercise, you release hormones like adrenaline (肾上腺素),” Sabrena Jo, an expert at the American Council on Exercise, told the Health website. “This hormone actually tells our bodies to ignore feelings of pain and fatigue while strengthening blood flow to large muscles.” This “excitement” in your body can last for several hours. Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. Iron shortage and anemia (贫血) are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. 69．Why do some people seem to have more energy than others, according to the text? A．They are strict with themselves. B．They follow a disciplined routine. C．They are born naturally energetic. D．They have more SNPs to stay active. 70．What kind of foods tend to make us feel tired, according to the text? A．Foods rich in saturated fat. B．Foods high in Vitamin D． C．Foods low in protein. D．Foods high in sugar. 71．What can be inferred about the effect of exercise on our energy levels? A．It reduces the body’s need for rest. B．It slows down the release of adrenaline. C．It constantly boosts our energy levels. D．It can lead to exhaustion if done too often. 72．What is the text mainly about? A．Methods for keeping a healthy lifestyle. B．Factors influencing our energy levels. C．Reasons for varying sleep patterns. D．The benefits of exercise and a good diet. Passage 19 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）We’ve all had that restless feeling, that urge to be doing something — anything — other than what we’re doing right now. It’s boredom. Boredom doesn’t just color (影响) the time spent sitting in waiting rooms or watching dull television shows. It can also come into the larger patterns of our lives, such as our jobs and relationships. And it brings a message. Just like pain. Pain is your body’s way of telling you that something is wrong, and that you need to do something about it. Boredom is telling you that what you’re doing is not a good fit for the mental or emotional resources you have at that moment. You may have heard that boredom increases creativity, and some research seems to suggest that it does. But more recent research has called the idea into question, says Andreas Elpidorou, author of Propelled: How Boredom, Frustration, and Anticipation Lead Us to the Good Life. A 2016 study found that boredom probably does not generate creativity. Practice does. In fact, the study found that in many cases, boredom damaged fluency in creative tasks. However, there may be a connection between boredom and creativity. Elpidorou points out that you can respond to boredom in creative ways. And that gets us to what may be the most important fact about boredom: Whether it’s helpful or harmful depends on how you respond to it. When that anxious feeling crops up, it’s easy to immediately reach for your phone and start scrolling (滚动) on social media, or worse. Individuals who are prone (易受...影响的) to boredom are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, according to some research. On the other hand, boredom can push you toward more meaningful tasks, says Elpidorou. When boredom strikes, you might call a friend you haven’t heard from in a while, go for a walk or to the gym, or pick up your guitar and play that tune you’ve been working on. The trick, of course, is to pay attention to that boredom alert and make a conscious decision about how to respond. 73．What do “pain” and “boredom” have in common? A．They initiate a need for change. B．They relates to large patterns of life. C．They reflect similar mental problems. D．They’re signs of physical harm. 74．What might the recent research have discovered? A．Boredom enhances creativity. B．Creativity arises from practice. C．Boredom affects cultural exchange. D．Creative tasks improve quality of life. 75．What strategies might Elpidorou recommend to fight boredom? A．Engaging in social media scrolling. B．Replacing boredom with drug abuse. C．Pursuing more meaningful activities. D．Ignoring the urge to avoid boredom. 76．Which is the best title of the text? A．The Essence of Boredom. B．Creativity and Boredom. C．Keeping Boredom at Bay. D．Turning Boredom into Treasure. Passage 20 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中）As summer vacation approached, the students at Roberta T. Smith Elementary School were eagerly awaiting their favorite part of the day: a class on mental health. Instead of rushing to lunch, the children closed their eyes and moved their thumbs (拇指) from their foreheads to their hearts, guided by their teacher, Kim Franklin. “Listen to the clock,” she instructed. “Remember to breathe.” Across the United States, schools like Smith Elementary have been introducing mental health classes that include yoga, mediation (冥想) , and mindfulness exercises alongside traditional school subjects. This change comes in response to the increasing mental health struggles faced by American students. In 2023, the U. S. CDC (美国疾控中心) reported that over one-third of students experienced more feelings of sadness and hopelessness. The CDC recommended mindfulness practices as a tool to help students manage stress and emotions. Research indicates that school-based mindfulness programs are particularly beneficial in low- income communities, where a large number of students face a high level of stress. More than two-thirds of Smith Elementary’s students come from poor families. The CDC data shows that these teenagers have the fastest-growing rate of stress-related problems. Nationwide, they have limited access to mental health professionals, even in schools. The Inner Explorer program, carried out in over100 school systems across the U. S., guides students and teachers through five-to ten- minute periods of breathing, meditation, and reflection several times a day. Teachers and administrators have observed positive changes in their students since mixing mindfulness into their studies. Malachi Smith, a student of 9, has been practicing the exercises at home under his father’s guidance. “You can relax… and when I calm myself down, I realize I am an excellent learner,” Malachi shared. Similarly, Aniyah Woods, also 9, a student in Kim Franklin’s class, said the program has helped her “calm down” and “reduce her stress”. She added, “It brought me a sense of peace.” 77．What’s the author’s purpose in describing the scene in paragraph 1? A．To lead in the topic. B．To share a personal experience. C．To introduce a new teaching method. D．To present an argument. 78．What has caused some American schools to set mental health classes? A．The CDC’s requirements. B．The pressure from school leaders. C．The growing mental challenges faced by students. D．The increasing concern about students’ performance in study. 79．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Teenagers from rich families seldom meet with mental stress. B．Mindfulness programs should have been carried out earlier. C．There has already been obvious improvement in students’ mental health. D．The poorer a student’s family is, the more stress he suffers from. 80．What’s Aniyah’s attitude towards the school- based mindfulness program? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Supportive. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$