精品解析：天津市和平区双菱中学2024-2025学年高二上期中考试英语试卷

双菱中学2024~2025学年度高二年级上学期期中考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 一、听力选择题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1．How much did Tony pay for the book? A．$6． B．$12． C．$18. 2．What do the speakers suggest? A．Susan can hear better when she sits alone. B．Susan will do better on the exam if she sits alone. C．Susan may be copying Marsha’s exam paper. 3．What does the mar i think of his cake? A．It’s not soft. B．It’s not fresh. C．It’s not sweet. 4．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Workmates. C．Husband and wife. 5．What does the man mean? A．A cold drink can be relaxing. B．Scott and Tina like to play jocks on each other. C．Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What does Bill have for lunch? A．A sausage. B．A salad. C．A hamburger. 7．Why does Bill pay attention to sodium-rich foods? A．To delay the aging process. B．To prevent high blood pressure. C．To lower the risk of heart attack. 8．What will Mary do tonight? A．Eat out. B．Watch TV. C．Join a health club. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 9．What does the woman dislike about the play? A．The clothes. B．The set. C．The acting. 10．Who is the man’s old classmate? A．The actress. B．The director. C．The screenwriter. 11．When does the conversation take place? A．At the beginning of a play. B．In the middle of a play. C．At the end of a play. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 12．What is the speaker mainly talking about? A．A summer vacation plan. B．Safety rules in water. C．Swimming courses. 13．What is the most important thing about playing in the water? A．Learning to swim first. B．Taking others for company. C．Being under lifeguards’ protection. 14．Where does the speaker work probably? A．At a water park. B．At a police station. C．At a sports center. 15．What are the students reminded to do while boating? A．A Wear a life jacket. B．Be away from other boats. C．Learn about the depth of the water. 单项选择 1. Distracted by the upcoming messages and various appealing entertainment applications, addicted people multiply the time finishing a single task and gradually develop _______. A. exposure B. distinction C. delay D. intelligence 2. The event is a clear indication that food safety is a big problem; nobody can ________ all foods are secure to us, but we are sure that the situation is turning for the better. A. acknowledge B. guarantee C. identify D. clarify 3. The study suggested that the ________ use of chemicals in agriculture had caused water pollution in this area. A. complex B. commercial C. widespread D. ultimate 4. Sina Weibo banned 1,830 users for 90 days, silenced 100 accounts ______ and deleted 3,770 posts for violating laws. A. particularly B. ultimately C. permanently D. extensively 5. Plato believed that talent and intelligence _________genetically and thus _________in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model. A. is not distributed, is to be found B. are not distributed, are to be found C. is not distributed, has been found D. are not distributed, have been found 6. Large quantities of information gathered from extensive’ research studies _________ valuable insights into the trends affecting global health outcomes. A. provide B. has been providing C. provides D. is providing 7. After ______ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists ______ in the disaster region. A. struck, were trapped B. being struck, trapped C. struck, having been trapped D. having been struck ; were trapped 8. China and the United States will make joint efforts to ensure a successful United Nations climate change conference in November, a key task _________ will be to set a new financial target for supporting developing countries in their climate actions. A. for which B. through which C. of which D. from which 9. —Peter and I get equal pay for equal work, but he has bought a new Benz again! —Don’t be jealous. Peter is the man who ______. A. goes with the flow B. makes hay while the sun is shining C. crosses over to the dark side D. sees the handwriting on the wall 10. Though our football boys are faced with four goals behind, they are still struggling hard in the field to ______. A. face the music B. save face C. cost their arm and leg D. land on their feet 二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） Last term, I read the book The Book Thief. It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger and her ____11____in Nazi Germany in 1939. In this book, Liesel’s father is taken away by the Nazis. Her mother_____12_____and never returns and her brother dies. Then she is sent to a foster family (寄养家庭) in a poor area of Munich.On the way,she ____13____a book named The Grave Digger’s Handbook, which becomes the first book she “steals”. It’s her_____14_____foster father Hans who helps Liesel to read, and the 14 books she steals provide her with_____15_____comfort. She manages to_____16_____the war and_____17_____helps the people around her who are also ____18____. As I ____19____each page, I found myself absorbed in the______20______created by the author. The light but lingering (绵长的)_____21_____made me hold my _____22_____, as if I had the same experience as Liesel. Every time I _____23_____this book, what comes to mind is not the _____24_____of the Nazis or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation. All I can think of is the resilience (韧性), sincerity and kindness of_____25_____in such a(n)_____26_____cruel period.Despite the fact that it is not easy for foster parents to _____27_____themselves, they still choose to foster Liesel when she is_____28_____. They also save and hide a Jewish girl in their basement when the Nazis start to kill the Jews. All these details make me feel that _____29_____we keep the most _____30_____thing inside our hearts, even in despair, we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us. 11. A. interview B. schedule C. responsibility D. experience 12. A. struggles B. disappears C. remains D. hesitates 13. A. comes across B. puts away C. turns over D. leaves behind 14. A. selfish B. narrow-minded C. kind-hearted D. wealthy 15. A. endless B. instant C. little D. physical 16. A. enter B. forget C. describe D. survive 17. A. sadly B. readily C. suddenly D. unfortunately 18. A. travelling B. operating C. suffering D. recovering 19. A. turned B. tore C. covered D. struck 20. A. world B. house C. street D. field 21. A. complaint B. sorrow C. delight D. regret 22. A. position B. record C. view D. breath 23. A. make room for B. take advantage of C. think back on D. get rid of 24. A. madness B. tiredness C. sickness D. awareness 25. A. literature B. humanity C. competition D. hardship 26. A. eventually B. initially C. extremely D. slightly 27. A. tolerate B. represent C. support D. treat 28. A. abandoned B. observed C. controlled D. trained 29. A. for fear that B. in order that C. even if D. as long as 30. A. similar B. precious C. serious D. natural 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Like toolmaking, teaching was once thought to be an exclusive capacity of the human mind. It is not actually. “Teaching” requires this: one individual must take time from their own task to demonstrate and instruct with effort and the student must learn a new skill, That’s a tall order. When a young chimpanzee watches a skilled adult and then imitates, that’s learning. But the adult has not taken time specifically to instruct, so it is not teaching. In the honeybees’ amazing dance, the dancer takes time to indicate information about a source of food, but observers learn no new skill. They do take time to show, but they do not pass on new skills to learners. Dolphins teach. Atlantic spotted dolphin mothers sometimes free a caught fish in the presence of their youngsters and let their youngsters chase it, catching it again if it’s getting away. Dolphin youngsters also position themselves alongside mothers who are scanning sandy bottoms for hidden fish, and the mother spends extra time demonstrating. Other teachers include: housecats who bring back live prey and let their young learn to catch it, and meerkats (猫鼬) who first bring to their growing young dead scorpions (蝎子), then disabled ones, to demonstrate how to remove the poisonous part on their tails. Like toolmaking and teaching, imitation is also considered to reflect high intelligence. In South Africa lived a baby dolphin named Dolly. One day while she was just six months old, Dolly was watching a trainer standing at the window smoking a cigarette, blowing puffs of smoke. Dolly swam to her mother, got a mouthful of milk, then returned to the window and released a cloud of milk that surrounded her head. The trainer was “absolutely astonished”. Somehow Dolly came up with the idea of using milk to represent smoke. Using one thing to represent something else isn’t just imitation. It is art. 31. What does the underlined phrase “a tall order” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. A clear instruction. B. A high risk. C. A difficult requirement. D. useful purpose. 32. What can we infer about animals that can teach? A. Bees show their dance to younger generations. B. Housecats teach in a way similar to dolphins. C. Young dolphins must learn how to free a fish. D. Meerkats have poisonous parts on the tails. 33. Why does the author use Dolly’s example? A. To prove smoking can affect other animals. B. To explain dolphins are capable of making art. C. To show animals can be surprisingly intelligent. D. To stress milk is to dolphins what smoking is to men. B Some songs might speak to your soul even if you don't know the words. The almost magical way that music reflects and influences our emotions led American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to declare it the “universal language of mankind”. But how universal is it really? A team of more than a dozen researchers and countless undergraduates set out to collect and interpret descriptions and recordings of musical performances around the world. Their first finding: Music is indeed universal. Or at least statistical modeling strongly suggests that more than 99% of societies have music. Then, they analyzed the song descriptions for sixty very different societies and looked at different qualities related to song performance. As they classified the songs, they found that three dimensions (方面) accounted for more than a quarter of the variability between songs. The first was how formal or informal a song was. Songs high in formality had large audiences and lots of instruments, often involved ceremonial events, and frequently had adult-only audiences. Informal events had smaller audiences, including children, or no audience at all. The second was how arousing a song was to its listeners. Lively events involving lots of dancing were high on this dimension, while a low value reflected a calmer event, like someone singing to themselves or a baby. The last was how religious song was. Songs used in ceremonies were high in religiosity, while those without a spiritual context scored low. The researchers applied their findings to four widespread categories of music: lullabies (摇篮), dance songs, love songs and healing songs, and found clear trend. Most dance was highly arousing and formal, but low in religiosity. Lullabies were mostly low in formality and low in arousal. And healing songs scored high in all dimensions while love songs were low in all dimensions. Even more interesting, the distribution of these behaviors was similar in all societies studied. Scholars say that their database could fuel future research into even more inspiring questions about music universals. And their method might be used to pick out patterns in other hard-to-analyze fields, like storytelling or visual art. 34. How was the research conducted? A. By making comparison and contrast. B. By finding similarities. C. By collecting and analyzing data. D. By illustrating examples. 35. Which kind of music may involve the most audiences and instruments? A. Lullabies. B. Dance songs. C. Love songs. D. Healing songs. 36. How is the future of their research findings according to the scholars? A. Promising. B. Unpredictable. C. Impractical. D. Limited. 37. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Songs can speak to your soul only if you know their words. B. Differences in formality lead to the variability between songs. C. Music is classified by the number of audience and instruments. D. Research on the universals of music can help explore other fields. C The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 38. According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A. are usually under police protection B. do not want their names made public C. are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D. often have difficulty in protecting their lives 39. Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A. scheming B. unknowing C. stirring D. tempting 40. Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A. the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B. they get inside stories by dishonest means C. they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D. there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 41. The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A. seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B. should be diligent, clever and inventive C. must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D. must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 42. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 43. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 44. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A. discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 45. The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous 四、阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I am sitting in an empty football field after my last high school football game has finished a few hours ago. I’m the quarterback (前卫) on my team. But in fact that’s not true now. I was the quarterback, and that’s a good way to end a high school football career at a high point. I’ve been sitting here by myself shivering in the cold and thinking back over the game and other games I’ve played in my life. I’m looking at the goal and thinking how it always seemed to reach out and pull me with a secret, magical force. I was 8 when I first started playing football. My dad loved football and would practice with me at home- passing, catching, running. He tried to teach me everything he knew about the game. “Just remember: don’t ever give up.” “Stay in the game. Don’t lose your concentration.” “Go out there-and give 110 percent every time.” Well, that was a long time ago but I still hear his words ringing in my ears. I had a lot on my mind before the game today. I don’t like things to be an end, I guess, and this was the last game, and it was the league championship. I was talking to myself and reminding myself about what to do and not to do. I didn’t sleep at all last night. But when the game started my mind became empty. Everything dropped away from me. I just lived in this game, this moment. I didn’t hear the crowd; I didn’t feel the cold or the pain; I never felt tired. I just kept my eyes on the ball, and inside a soft white light showing me the way to the goal, which was a beautiful feeling. It’s all over now and it’s really getting cold here. It’s starting to snow. The sun’s almost gone and I can hardly see the goal. Now it’s dark and I’m sitting here all alone. Well, I guess it’s time to say goodbye and move on. 46. Why does the writer say that he was the quarterback in paragraph 1? (no more than 15 words) _____________________________________________________________________ 47. For what reason did the writer have a lot on his mind before the game? (no more than 20 words) ______________________________________________________________________ 48. What made him feel beautiful in his last game? (no more than 15 words) __________________________________________________________________ 49. How can you understand the underlined sentence? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________________ 50. What is the goal of your life? And how will you make it realized? (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________________________ 五、书面表达（满分15分） 51. 为了迎接世界读书日，学校英语社计划以“Reading For Fun”为主题组织一场读书活动，请你写一份英文倡议书。内容包括： 1.活动目的; 2.活动内容; 3.发出倡议。 参考词汇：World Book Day世界读书日 注意：1.词数80左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 双菱中学2024~2025学年度高二年级上学期期中考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 一、听力选择题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1．How much did Tony pay for the book? A．$6． B．$12． C．$18. 2．What do the speakers suggest? A．Susan can hear better when she sits alone. B．Susan will do better on the exam if she sits alone. C．Susan may be copying Marsha’s exam paper. 3．What does the mar i think of his cake? A．It’s not soft. B．It’s not fresh. C．It’s not sweet. 4．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Workmates. C．Husband and wife. 5．What does the man mean? A．A cold drink can be relaxing. B．Scott and Tina like to play jocks on each other. C．Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What does Bill have for lunch? A．A sausage. B．A salad. C．A hamburger. 7．Why does Bill pay attention to sodium-rich foods? A．To delay the aging process. B．To prevent high blood pressure. C．To lower the risk of heart attack. 8．What will Mary do tonight? A．Eat out. B．Watch TV. C．Join a health club. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 9．What does the woman dislike about the play? A．The clothes. B．The set. C．The acting. 10．Who is the man’s old classmate? A．The actress. B．The director. C．The screenwriter. 11．When does the conversation take place? A．At the beginning of a play. B．In the middle of a play. C．At the end of a play. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 12．What is the speaker mainly talking about? A．A summer vacation plan. B．Safety rules in water. C．Swimming courses. 13．What is the most important thing about playing in the water? A．Learning to swim first. B．Taking others for company. C．Being under lifeguards’ protection. 14．Where does the speaker work probably? A．At a water park. B．At a police station. C．At a sports center. 15．What are the students reminded to do while boating? A．A Wear a life jacket. B．Be away from other boats. C．Learn about the depth of the water. 单项选择 1. Distracted by the upcoming messages and various appealing entertainment applications, addicted people multiply the time finishing a single task and gradually develop _______. A. exposure B. distinction C. delay D. intelligence 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：被到来的信息和各种吸引人的娱乐软件所打扰，上瘾的人通常会成倍地增加完成一个简单任务的时间，从而渐渐地变得拖延起来。根据句意可知，此处意为“拖延，延迟”，故应用名词delay作宾语。A. exposure暴露，接触；B. distinction差别，区分；C. delay延迟，拖延；D. intelligence智力。故选C。 2. The event is a clear indication that food safety is a big problem; nobody can ________ all foods are secure to us, but we are sure that the situation is turning for the better. A. acknowledge B. guarantee C. identify D. clarify 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：这一事件清楚地表明，食品安全是个大问题;没有人能保证所有的食物对我们都是安全的，但我们确信情况正在好转。A. acknowledge承认，致谢；B. guarantee保证；C. identify识别；D. clarify澄清。分析句子可知，此处应表示没有人能保证所有的食物对我们都是安全的。结合选项，故选B。 3. The study suggested that the ________ use of chemicals in agriculture had caused water pollution in this area. A. complex B. commercial C. widespread D. ultimate 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，农业中化学品的广泛使用已经造成了该地区的水污染。A. complex复杂的；B. commercial商业的；C. widespread广泛的；D. ultimate最终的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。此处表示“广泛的”，故用widespread。故选C。 4. Sina Weibo banned 1,830 users for 90 days, silenced 100 accounts ______ and deleted 3,770 posts for violating laws. A. particularly B. ultimately C. permanently D. extensively 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：新浪微博因用户违反法律，禁止了1830名用户90天，永久关闭100个账户，并删除了3770条帖子。A.particularly尤其，特别；B.ultimately最终；C.permanently永久地；D.extensively广泛地。由“silenced 100 accounts ______ and deleted 3,770 posts for violating laws”可知，句子表示“新浪微博永久关闭100个账户”，空格处是“永久地”，故选C。 5. Plato believed that talent and intelligence _________genetically and thus _________in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model. A. is not distributed, is to be found B. are not distributed, are to be found C. is not distributed, has been found D. are not distributed, have been found 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：柏拉图认为天赋和智力并不是由基因决定的，所有阶层的孩子都可以被发现有天赋，尽管他提出的针对受过教育的少数人的选择性公共教育体系并没有真正遵循民主模式。第一空，主语talent and intelligence 为不可数名词短语，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；第二空，根据句意，用be to do表示将来，也用单数形式，talent and intelligence与find之间是被动关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选A。 【点睛】 6. Large quantities of information gathered from extensive’ research studies _________ valuable insights into the trends affecting global health outcomes. A. provide B. has been providing C. provides D. is providing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从广泛的研究中收集到的大量信息为影响全球健康结果的趋势提供了有价值的见解。provide(提供)是谓语动词，与主语“Large quantities of information”之间是主动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，且“quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选A项。 7. After ______ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists ______ in the disaster region. A. struck, were trapped B. being struck, trapped C. struck, having been trapped D. having been struck ; were trapped 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受特大洪水袭击后，河南省的景点遭受了严重的破坏，许多游客被困在灾区。根据句意，分析句子可知，第一空中strike意为“袭击”，是非谓语动词，在介词after后，应使用动名词形式，与其逻辑主语Henan province之间有被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动式being struck，表示被动；第二空中trap意为“使……陷入困境”，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语many tourists构成独立主格作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语many tourists之间有被动关系，所以应用过去分词trapped，表被动。故选B项。 8. China and the United States will make joint efforts to ensure a successful United Nations climate change conference in November, a key task _________ will be to set a new financial target for supporting developing countries in their climate actions. A. for which B. through which C. of which D. from which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：中美两国将共同努力，确保11月联合国气候变化大会取得成功，会议的一项关键任务是为支持发展中国家的气候行动设定新的资金目标。A. for which为了；B. through which通过；C. of which……的；D. from which来自。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“conference”，表示“大会的一项关键任务”，故应用介词of+关系代词which，which作宾语。故选C。 9. —Peter and I get equal pay for equal work, but he has bought a new Benz again! —Don’t be jealous. Peter is the man who ______. A. goes with the flow B. makes hay while the sun is shining C. crosses over to the dark side D. sees the handwriting on the wall 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查习惯表达。句意：——彼得和我同工同酬，但他又买了一辆新奔驰！——不要嫉妒。彼得是把握机会、勿失良机的人。A. goes with the flow随波逐流；B. makes hay while the sun is shining把握机会、勿失良机；C. crosses over to the dark side堕落；D. sees the handwriting on the wall觉察到灾难降临前的不祥之兆。由上一句可知，彼得和我虽同工同酬，但彼得比我成功，下一句解释了彼得成功的原因，即他会把握机会、勿失良机。故选B项。 10. Though our football boys are faced with four goals behind, they are still struggling hard in the field to ______. A. face the music B. save face C. cost their arm and leg D. land on their feet 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查习语。A. face the music 勇敢地面对困难；B. save face挽回颜面、保住面子；C. cost their arm and leg除服巨大代价；D. land on their feet胸有成竹。句意：我们的足球队落后四个球，但队员们仍在球场上努力挽回面子。根据“four goals behind”及“still struggling hard”判断此处表示“挽回颜面”，故B项正确。 【点睛】习语是江苏单选的必考知识点，也是难度较大的一种题型，准确理解每个习语的意思是关键，例如本题四个习语的意思分别为：A. face the music 勇敢地面对困难；B. save face挽回颜面、保住面子；C. cost their arm and leg除服巨大代价；D. land on their feet胸有成竹。根据“four goals behind”及“still struggling hard”判断此处表示“挽回颜面”。 二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） Last term, I read the book The Book Thief. It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger and her ____11____in Nazi Germany in 1939. In this book, Liesel’s father is taken away by the Nazis. Her mother_____12_____and never returns and her brother dies. Then she is sent to a foster family (寄养家庭) in a poor area of Munich.On the way,she ____13____a book named The Grave Digger’s Handbook, which becomes the first book she “steals”. It’s her_____14_____foster father Hans who helps Liesel to read, and the 14 books she steals provide her with_____15_____comfort. She manages to_____16_____the war and_____17_____helps the people around her who are also ____18____. As I ____19____each page, I found myself absorbed in the______20______created by the author. The light but lingering (绵长的)_____21_____made me hold my _____22_____, as if I had the same experience as Liesel. Every time I _____23_____this book, what comes to mind is not the _____24_____of the Nazis or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation. All I can think of is the resilience (韧性), sincerity and kindness of_____25_____in such a(n)_____26_____cruel period.Despite the fact that it is not easy for foster parents to _____27_____themselves, they still choose to foster Liesel when she is_____28_____. They also save and hide a Jewish girl in their basement when the Nazis start to kill the Jews. All these details make me feel that _____29_____we keep the most _____30_____thing inside our hearts, even in despair, we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us. 11. A. interview B. schedule C. responsibility D. experience 12. A. struggles B. disappears C. remains D. hesitates 13. A. comes across B. puts away C. turns over D. leaves behind 14. A. selfish B. narrow-minded C. kind-hearted D. wealthy 15. A. endless B. instant C. little D. physical 16. A. enter B. forget C. describe D. survive 17. A. sadly B. readily C. suddenly D. unfortunately 18. A. travelling B. operating C. suffering D. recovering 19. A. turned B. tore C. covered D. struck 20. A. world B. house C. street D. field 21. A. complaint B. sorrow C. delight D. regret 22. A. position B. record C. view D. breath 23. A. make room for B. take advantage of C. think back on D. get rid of 24. A. madness B. tiredness C. sickness D. awareness 25. A. literature B. humanity C. competition D. hardship 26. A. eventually B. initially C. extremely D. slightly 27. A. tolerate B. represent C. support D. treat 28. A. abandoned B. observed C. controlled D. trained 29. A. for fear that B. in order that C. even if D. as long as 30. A. similar B. precious C. serious D. natural 【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己看The Book Thief这本书的感悟，来讲述了只要把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望的时候，我们仍然有能力走向我们面前最光明的未来的道理。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个关于9岁女孩莉赛尔·梅明格和她1939年在纳粹德国经历的故事。A. interview面试；B. schedule日程安排；C. responsibility责任；D. experience经历。根据前文“It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger”可知，这本讲的是9岁女孩莉赛尔·梅明格的故事，所以是她的经历。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的母亲消失了，再也没有回来，她的哥哥也死了。A. struggles努力；B. disappears消失；C. remains遗留；D. hesitates犹豫。根据后文“never returns”可知，她的母亲消失了，没有回来。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在路上，她偶然发现了一本名为《掘墓人手册》的书，这成为她“偷”的第一本书。A. comes across偶然发现；B. puts away收起；C. turns over翻转；D. leaves behind留下。根据前文“Then she is sent to a foster family in a poor area of Munich.”可知，她被送往寄养家庭，所以在路上应是偶然发现。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：帮助莉赛尔读书的是她善良的养父汉斯，她偷来的14本书给了她无尽的安慰。A. selfish自私的；B. narrow-minded心胸狭窄的；C. kind-hearted善良的；D. wealthy富有的。根据后文“foster father Hans who helps Liesel to read”可知，她的养父帮她读书，所以是善良的。故选C项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：帮助莉赛尔读书的是她善良的养父汉斯，她偷来的14本书给了她无尽的安慰。A. endless无止境的；B. instant紧急的；C. little小的；D. physical身体的。根据前文“the 14 books she steals provide her”以及后文的“comfort”结合选项，应是“偷来的14本书给了她无尽的安慰”符合实际。故选A项。 【16题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她设法在战争中幸存下来，并乐于帮助周围同样受苦的人。A. enter进入；B. forget忘记；C. describe描述；D. survive幸存。根据前文“It is a story about a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger and her ____ in Nazi Germany in 1939.”可知，此处描述的是她在纳粹德国的经历，那时是二战期间，所以是在战争中幸存下来。故选D项。 【17题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她设法在战争中幸存下来，并乐于帮助周围同样受苦的人。A. sadly悲哀地；B. readily乐意地；C. suddenly突然；D. unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“helps the people around her”并结合选项可知，此处应是“乐意帮助他人”之意。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她设法在战争中幸存下来，并乐于帮助周围同样受苦的人。A. travelling旅行；B. operating操作；C. suffering受折磨；D. recovering康复。根据前文“She manages to ____ the war and ____ helps the people around her”可知，她生活在战争期间，所以是帮助和她一样遭受战争折磨的人。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻开每一页，我发现自己被作者创造的世界所吸引。A. turned翻动；B. tore撕裂；C. covered遮盖；D. struck撞击。根据前文“I read the book The Book Thief.”以及后文“each page”可知，作者在读书，所以是翻页。故选A项。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：翻开每一页，我发现自己被作者创造的世界所吸引。A. world世界；B. house房子；C. street街道；D. field领域。根据后文“created by the author”及常识可知，此处指作者创造的是世界。故选A项。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：淡淡的但挥之不去的悲伤让我屏住呼吸，仿佛我和莉赛尔有同样的经历。A. complaint抱怨；B. sorrow感到悲伤；C. delight使高兴；D. regret懊悔。根据后文“as if I had the same experience as Liesel.”可知，作者觉得自己有和莉赛尔同样的经历，而莉赛尔生活在战争期间，她的经历是悲伤的。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：淡淡的但挥之不去的悲伤让我屏住呼吸，仿佛我和莉赛尔有同样的经历。A. position位置；B. record记录；C. view看法；D. breath呼吸。根据前文“The light but lingering (绵长的) ____ made me hold”并结合选项可知，悲伤让作者屏住呼吸。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当我回想这本书，我脑海中浮现的不是纳粹的疯狂，也不是在非常困难和不利的情况下的绝望。A. make room for为……腾出空间；B. take advantage of利用；C. think back on回想；D. get rid of摆脱。根据后文“what comes to mind”可知，此处是回想这本书，让作者脑海中浮现。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我回想这本书，我脑海中浮现的不是纳粹的疯狂，也不是在非常困难和不利的情况下的绝望。A. madness疯狂；B. tiredness疲劳；C. sickness疾病；D. awareness认识。根据后文“of the Nazis”可知，此处在描绘纳粹，结合常识可知，应是纳粹的疯狂。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所能想到的是，在这样一个极其残酷的时期，人类的坚韧、真诚和善良。A. literature文学；B. humanity人类；C. competition竞争；D. hardship困难。根据前文“All I can think of is the resilience，sincerity and kindness”可知，此处都是描述人类品质的词，所以选项B项符合实际。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我所能想到的是，在这样一个极其残酷的时期，人类的坚韧、真诚和善良。A. eventually最后；B. initially最初；C. extremely极端；D. slightly轻微地。根据后文“what comes to mind is not the ____ of the Nazis or the despair in the face of a very difficult and unfavourable situation.”可知，此处指的是二战时期，常识知是极端残酷的时期。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管养父母养活自己并不容易，但当Liesel被遗弃时，他们仍然选择收养她。A. tolerate容许；B. represent代表；C. support供养；D. treat对待。根据前文“Then she is sent to a foster family (寄养家庭) in a poor area of Munich.”可知，Liesel被送到贫困地区收养，所以她的养父母养活自己并不容易。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管养父母养活自己并不容易，但当Liesel被遗弃时，他们仍然选择收养她。A. abandoned遗弃；B. observed观察到；C. controlled控制；D. trained培训。根据前文“Her mother ____ and never returns and her brother dies.”可知，Liesel被她母亲遗弃了。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：所有这些细节都让我觉得，只要把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望的时候，我们仍然有能力走向我们面前最光明的未来。A. for fear that生怕；B. in order that为了；C. even if即使；D. as long as只要。根据后文“we keep the most ____ thing inside our hearts, even in despair, we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us.”可知，空处引导的是条件状语从句，D项符合句意。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些细节都让我觉得，只要把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望的时候，我们仍然有能力走向我们面前最光明的未来。A. similar类似的；B. precious宝贵的；C. serious严重的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“even in despair, we still have the ability to walk toward the brightest future in front of us.”并结合常识可知，此处表达“只要把最珍贵的东西藏在心里，即使在绝望的时候，我们仍然有能力走向我们面前最光明的未来”之意。故选B项。 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Like toolmaking, teaching was once thought to be an exclusive capacity of the human mind. It is not actually. “Teaching” requires this: one individual must take time from their own task to demonstrate and instruct with effort and the student must learn a new skill, That’s a tall order. When a young chimpanzee watches a skilled adult and then imitates, that’s learning. But the adult has not taken time specifically to instruct, so it is not teaching. In the honeybees’ amazing dance, the dancer takes time to indicate information about a source of food, but observers learn no new skill. They do take time to show, but they do not pass on new skills to learners. Dolphins teach. Atlantic spotted dolphin mothers sometimes free a caught fish in the presence of their youngsters and let their youngsters chase it, catching it again if it’s getting away. Dolphin youngsters also position themselves alongside mothers who are scanning sandy bottoms for hidden fish, and the mother spends extra time demonstrating. Other teachers include: housecats who bring back live prey and let their young learn to catch it, and meerkats (猫鼬) who first bring to their growing young dead scorpions (蝎子), then disabled ones, to demonstrate how to remove the poisonous part on their tails. Like toolmaking and teaching, imitation is also considered to reflect high intelligence. In South Africa lived a baby dolphin named Dolly. One day while she was just six months old, Dolly was watching a trainer standing at the window smoking a cigarette, blowing puffs of smoke. Dolly swam to her mother, got a mouthful of milk, then returned to the window and released a cloud of milk that surrounded her head. The trainer was “absolutely astonished”. Somehow Dolly came up with the idea of using milk to represent smoke. Using one thing to represent something else isn’t just imitation. It is art. 31. What does the underlined phrase “a tall order” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. A clear instruction. B. A high risk. C. A difficult requirement. D. useful purpose. 32. What can we infer about animals that can teach? A. Bees show their dance to younger generations. B. Housecats teach in a way similar to dolphins. C. Young dolphins must learn how to free a fish. D. Meerkats have poisonous parts on the tails. 33. Why does the author use Dolly’s example? A. To prove smoking can affect other animals. B. To explain dolphins are capable of making art. C. To show animals can be surprisingly intelligent. D. To stress milk is to dolphins what smoking is to men. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了教学并不是人类独有的能力，动物的聪明程度远超我们的想象，它们也具有教学的能力。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词前的““Teaching” requires this: one individual must take time from their own task to demonstrate and instruct with effort and the student must learn a new skill.(“教学”要求：一个人必须从自己的任务中抽出时间来努力演示和指导，学生必须学习一项新技能)”可知，教学需要一个人必须从他的任务中抽出时间来努力演示和指导，学生必须学习一项新技能，因此推断这是一个很高的要求，由此可知画线词词义为“一个很高的要求”。故选C项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Atlantic spotted dolphin mothers sometimes free a caught fish in the presence of their youngsters and let their youngsters chase it, catching it again if it’s getting away.(大西洋斑点海豚妈妈有时会在幼崽面前放生一条捕获的鱼，让幼崽追逐它，如果它逃跑了，还会再抓一次)”可知，海豚妈妈会在宝宝面前放一条捉回来的鱼让它们追赶，根据第五段中的“housecats who bring back live prey and let their young learn to catch it(家猫会带回活猎物，让它们的幼崽学会捕捉)”可知，家猫妈妈带回活着的猎物让宝宝们捕捉，由此可知海豚和家猫的教学方法相似。故选B项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Like toolmaking and teaching, imitation is also considered to reflect high intelligence.(就像工具制作和教学一样，模仿也被认为反映了高智商)”和“Somehow Dolly came up with the idea of using milk to represent smoke. Using one thing to represent something else isn’t just imitation. It is art.(不知怎么的，多莉想出了用牛奶来代表烟雾的主意。用一件事来代表另一件事不仅仅是模仿。这是艺术)”可知，模仿也是高智商的体现，而作者举Dolly用牛奶代烟雾的例子就是为了证明这个动作不仅仅是模仿，说明动物的聪明出乎预料。故选C项。 B Some songs might speak to your soul even if you don't know the words. The almost magical way that music reflects and influences our emotions led American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to declare it the “universal language of mankind”. But how universal is it really? A team of more than a dozen researchers and countless undergraduates set out to collect and interpret descriptions and recordings of musical performances around the world. Their first finding: Music is indeed universal. Or at least statistical modeling strongly suggests that more than 99% of societies have music. Then, they analyzed the song descriptions for sixty very different societies and looked at different qualities related to song performance. As they classified the songs, they found that three dimensions (方面) accounted for more than a quarter of the variability between songs. The first was how formal or informal a song was. Songs high in formality had large audiences and lots of instruments, often involved ceremonial events, and frequently had adult-only audiences. Informal events had smaller audiences, including children, or no audience at all. The second was how arousing a song was to its listeners. Lively events involving lots of dancing were high on this dimension, while a low value reflected a calmer event, like someone singing to themselves or a baby. The last was how religious song was. Songs used in ceremonies were high in religiosity, while those without a spiritual context scored low. The researchers applied their findings to four widespread categories of music: lullabies (摇篮), dance songs, love songs and healing songs, and found clear trend. Most dance was highly arousing and formal, but low in religiosity. Lullabies were mostly low in formality and low in arousal. And healing songs scored high in all dimensions while love songs were low in all dimensions. Even more interesting, the distribution of these behaviors was similar in all societies studied. Scholars say that their database could fuel future research into even more inspiring questions about music universals. And their method might be used to pick out patterns in other hard-to-analyze fields, like storytelling or visual art. 34. How was the research conducted? A. By making comparison and contrast. B. By finding similarities. C. By collecting and analyzing data. D. By illustrating examples. 35. Which kind of music may involve the most audiences and instruments? A. Lullabies. B. Dance songs. C. Love songs. D. Healing songs. 36. How is the future of their research findings according to the scholars? A. Promising. B. Unpredictable. C. Impractical. D. Limited. 37. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Songs can speak to your soul only if you know their words. B. Differences in formality lead to the variability between songs. C. Music is classified by the number of audience and instruments. D. Research on the universals of music can help explore other fields. 【答案】34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对音乐普遍性进项了分析和研究。音乐普遍性具有启发性，也有助于探索其他领域。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“A team of more than a dozen researchers and countless undergraduates set out to collect and interpret descriptions and recordings of musical performances around the world.(一个由十几名研究人员和无数本科生组成的团队开始收集和解读世界各地音乐表演的描述和录音)”以及第三段“As they classified the songs, they found that three dimensions (方面) accounted for more than a quarter of the variability between songs.(当他们对歌曲进行分类时，他们发现三个维度占歌曲之间可变性的四分之一以上)”可推知，研究是通过收集和分析数据进行的。故选C。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Songs high in formality had large audiences and lots of instruments, often involved ceremonial events, and frequently had adult-only audiences.(高度正式的歌曲有大量的观众和大量的乐器，通常涉及仪式活动，而且通常只有成人观众)”以及第四段“Most dance was highly arousing and formal, but low in religiosity. (大多数舞蹈都很有煽动性，很正式，但宗教信仰很低)”可推知，舞曲可能涉及最多的观众和乐器。故选B。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholars say that their database could fuel future research into even more inspiring questions about music universals. And their method might be used to pick out patterns in other hard-to-analyze fields, like storytelling or visual art.(学者们表示，他们的数据库可以推动未来对音乐普遍性更具启发性的问题的研究。他们的方法可能被用来挑选其他难以分析的领域的模式，比如讲故事或视觉艺术)”可推知，学者们认为，他们的研究结果是很有前景的。故选A。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholars say that their database could fuel future research into even more inspiring questions about music universals. And their method might be used to pick out patterns in other hard-to-analyze fields, like storytelling or visual art.(学者们表示，他们的数据库可以推动未来对音乐普遍性更具启发性的问题的研究。他们的方法可能被用来挑选其他难以分析的领域的模式，比如讲故事或视觉艺术)”可推知，对音乐普遍性的研究有助于探索其他领域。故选D。 C The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 38. According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A. are usually under police protection B. do not want their names made public C. are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D. often have difficulty in protecting their lives 39. Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A. scheming B. unknowing C. stirring D. tempting 40. Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A. the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B. they get inside stories by dishonest means C. they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D. there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 41. The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A. seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B. should be diligent, clever and inventive C. must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D. must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity 【答案】38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作为一名记者，尽管令人兴奋，但每个记者都必须注意生动地报道所发生的事情。此外，他们后面应该有一幅真实的画面。记者必须依靠在场人员的陈述，才能了解一些新闻报道的真相。正是奉献精神使新闻业以可靠性著称。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. (通常情况下，只有在记者承诺绝不透露知情人姓名的情况下，知情人才会与记者交谈。知情人通常威胁说，如果他或她的名字被披露，他或她永远不会承认与记者见面)”可知，根据这篇文章，提供内幕消息的人不希望他们的名字被公开。故选B。 【39题详解】 词义猜测题。文章第四段inviting下文讲到“Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. (黑社会的成员想知道知情人是谁，这样他们就可以让他或她保持沉默。法律界的成员声称，如果记者不披露知情者的姓名，他或她将扰乱司法公正。)”可知，黑社会和法律界都想知道知情人是谁，这对他们很有吸引力。因此。第四段中的“inviting”一词的意思是“诱人的,吸引人的”，可以用tempting“吸引人的”来替换。故选D。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year (对宪法这一部分的不公正解释每年都会导致少数记者入狱)”可知，有些记者被关进监狱主要是因为法院有时会曲解宪法第一修正案。故选A。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability—a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public (这种奉献精神让新闻业赢得了可靠的声誉—这种可靠性是每个记者在寻求真相时都应该坚持的。如实报道每天发生的事情是记者和公众之间的严肃契约)”可知，作者在文章中暗示，一个可靠的记者必须尽可能清楚地向公众提供真实的解释。故选C。 D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 42. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 43. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 44. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A. discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 45. The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous 【答案】42. D 43. B 44. A 45. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假定自己是错的”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)”可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)”及第五段的“Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) ”可知，“假定自己是错的”这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段的“One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)”可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得“不那么错误”可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，“假定自己是错的”这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)”及最后一段的“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)”可知，作者没有断言这个假说一定成立，是心存怀疑、不确定的。虽然不确定能不能成，但他真诚希望学界一起尝试、不断完善。不是否定、嘲讽，是发自内心的期许。故选A。 四、阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I am sitting in an empty football field after my last high school football game has finished a few hours ago. I’m the quarterback (前卫) on my team. But in fact that’s not true now. I was the quarterback, and that’s a good way to end a high school football career at a high point. I’ve been sitting here by myself shivering in the cold and thinking back over the game and other games I’ve played in my life. I’m looking at the goal and thinking how it always seemed to reach out and pull me with a secret, magical force. I was 8 when I first started playing football. My dad loved football and would practice with me at home- passing, catching, running. He tried to teach me everything he knew about the game. “Just remember: don’t ever give up.” “Stay in the game. Don’t lose your concentration.” “Go out there-and give 110 percent every time.” Well, that was a long time ago but I still hear his words ringing in my ears. I had a lot on my mind before the game today. I don’t like things to be an end, I guess, and this was the last game, and it was the league championship. I was talking to myself and reminding myself about what to do and not to do. I didn’t sleep at all last night. But when the game started my mind became empty. Everything dropped away from me. I just lived in this game, this moment. I didn’t hear the crowd; I didn’t feel the cold or the pain; I never felt tired. I just kept my eyes on the ball, and inside a soft white light showing me the way to the goal, which was a beautiful feeling. It’s all over now and it’s really getting cold here. It’s starting to snow. The sun’s almost gone and I can hardly see the goal. Now it’s dark and I’m sitting here all alone. Well, I guess it’s time to say goodbye and move on. 46. Why does the writer say that he was the quarterback in paragraph 1? (no more than 15 words) _____________________________________________________________________ 47. For what reason did the writer have a lot on his mind before the game? (no more than 20 words) ______________________________________________________________________ 48. What made him feel beautiful in his last game? (no more than 15 words) __________________________________________________________________ 49. How can you understand the underlined sentence? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________________ 50. What is the goal of your life? And how will you make it realized? (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】46. Because his last high school football game has just finished. Or: Because his high school football career ended after the game. 47. Because it was the last game and the league championship and he kept thinking what to do. 48. Everything dropped from his mind and he can just focus on the game. Or: Nothing but a light showing him the way to the goal. Or: He lived in the game, in the moment, feeling nothing else at all. 49. The high school football career is about to end. Or: And I am going to say good bye to the football (gate). Or: It’s time to accept the end and move forward. 50. My goal is to become a successful businessman. First, study to equip myself with sufficient knowledge. Second, overcome shortcomings. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了这是最后一场比赛，作者即将结束的高中足球生涯。在这个时刻作者回想了很多过去，同时思考了以后该怎么办。 【46题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I am sitting in an empty football field after my last high school football game has finished a few hours ago. (几个小时前，我最后一场高中足球赛结束后，我坐在一个空荡荡的足球场上。)”以及最后一句“I was the quarterback, and that’s a good way to end a high school football career at a high point.( 我是前卫，这是在高中足球生涯的巅峰结束的好方法)”可知，作者说他是前卫是因为他高中最后一场足球赛刚刚结束，这是结束高中足球生涯的好方法。故答案为Because his last high school football game has just finished.Or: Because his high school football career ended after the game. 【47题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“I had a lot on my mind before the game today. I don’t like things to be an end, I guess, and this was the last game, and it was the league championship. I was talking to myself and reminding myself about what to do and not to do. (今天比赛前我有很多想法。我不喜欢事情就这样结束，我想，这是最后一场比赛，也是联赛冠军。我在自言自语，提醒自己该做什么不该做什么。)”可知，作者在比赛前有很多想法是因为这是最后一场比赛，也是联赛冠军，他一直在想该怎么办。故答案为Because it was the last game and the league championship and he kept thinking what to do. 【48题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“I guess, and this was the last game, and it was the league championship. I was talking to myself and reminding myself about what to do and not to do. I didn’t sleep at all last night. But when the game started my mind became empty. Everything dropped away from me. I just lived in this game, this moment. I didn’t hear the crowd; I didn’t feel the cold or the pain; I never felt tired. I just kept my eyes on the ball, and inside a soft white light showing me the way to the goal, which was a beautiful feeling.(我想，这是最后一场比赛，也是联赛冠军。我在自言自语，提醒自己该做什么不该做什么。昨晚我一夜没睡。但是当比赛开始时，我的头脑变得空虚。一切都离我而去。我只是活在这个游戏中，这个时刻。我没有听到人群的声音；我没有感到寒冷或疼痛；我从来不觉得累。我只是一直盯着球，球内柔和的白光为我指明了通往球门的道路，这是一种美妙的感觉。)”可知，让他在最后一场比赛中感觉很美的是一切都从他的脑海中消失了，他可以专注于比赛，故答案为Everything dropped from his mind and he can just focus on the game.Or: Nothing but a light showing him the way to the goal.Or: He lived in the game, in the moment, feeling nothing else at all. 【49题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I am sitting in an empty football field after my last high school football game has finished a few hours ago (几个小时前，我最后一场高中足球赛结束后，我坐在一个空荡荡的足球场上。)”以及根据文章第三段“I had a lot on my mind before the game today. I don’t like things to be an end, I guess, and this was the last game, and it was the league championship. I was talking to myself and reminding myself about what to do and not to do. (今天比赛前我有很多想法。我不喜欢事情就这样结束，我想，这是最后一场比赛，也是联赛冠军。我在自言自语，提醒自己该做什么不该做什么。)”可知，这是作者的最后一次比赛，那么他的高中足球生涯就要结束了，是时候接受现实想想以后该做什么了。故答案为The high school football career is about to end. Or: And I am going to say good bye to the football (gate).Or: It’s time to accept the end and move forward. 【50题详解】 考查开放题。开放回答题，写出目标以及实现自己目标的措施即可。故答案为My goal is to become a successful businessman. First, study to equip myself with sufficient knowledge. Second, overcome shortcomings. 五、书面表达（满分15分） 51. 为了迎接世界读书日，学校英语社计划以“Reading For Fun”为主题组织一场读书活动，请你写一份英文倡议书。内容包括： 1.活动目的; 2.活动内容; 3.发出倡议。 参考词汇：World Book Day世界读书日 注意：1.词数80左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear fellows, In order to celebrate the upcoming World Book Day, an interesting reading campaign will be launched. Not only does the activity stimulate our creativity and shape our character, but it can also enrich our lives in a unique way. The following are activities involved in this reading campaign. As scheduled, reading clubs are organized in groups for a shared topic in the library every Wednesday afternoon. Participants are welcome to discuss figures in the book, who are the source of motivation to help them beat the odds and create miracles. In addition, every participant is required to submit a reading report within given time to enhance their critical thinking ability and writing capability. All in all, by immersing ourselves in the charm of books, this activity definitely offers endless fun to us. My dear fellows, please join us as soon as possible! English Club 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。为了迎接世界读书日，学校英语社计划以“Reading For Fun”为主题组织一场读书活动，请你写一份英文倡议书。 【详解】1.词汇积累 肯定：definitely→certainly 主题：topic→theme 此外：in addition→besides 总之：all in all→in short 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In order to celebrate the upcoming World Book Day, an interesting reading campaign will be launched. 拓展句：An interesting reading campaign will be launched, whose aim is to celebrate the upcoming World Book Day. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Participants are welcome to discuss figures in the book, who are the source of motivation to help them beat the odds and create miracles. (运用了who引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Not only does the activity stimulate our creativity and shape our character, but it can also enrich our lives in a unique way. (运用了部分倒装) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $