新概念英语第三册Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies 学习要点解析 讲义

新概念英语第三册 Lesson 7 一、词汇用法 mutilated 用法：形容词，意思是 “残缺不全的；严重损毁的”，常用来形容物体被破坏后的状态，也可用于形容身体部位受到严重伤害而残缺。例如：The mutilated statue still stood in the square, a reminder of the war.（那座残缺不全的雕像仍然矗立在广场上，让人想起那场战争。）在课文中，“The mutilated remains of what had been a dog were found in the garden.”（在花园里发现了一只狗的残骸。）这个词生动地描绘了狗的遗体呈现出残缺的状态。 拓展：动词 mutilate，意为 “切断（手足等）；使残废；毁伤”。例如：The accident mutilated his left hand.（那场事故使他的左手残废了。） chew 用法：动词，主要意思是 “咀嚼；嚼碎；咬”，既可以指人或动物用牙齿咬碎食物的动作，也可引申为仔细考虑、玩味（某个想法、观点等）。例如：You should chew your food well before swallowing.（你应该细嚼慢咽。）；He chewed over the problem for a long time.（他仔细考虑这个问题很长时间了。）在课文里，“The dog had been chewing on a bone.”（狗一直在啃一根骨头。）体现了 “咀嚼” 的基本含义。 拓展：chewing - gum（名词，口香糖），这种用法是因为口香糖需要咀嚼。 fiance 用法：可数名词，意思是 “未婚夫”，用于指已经订婚的女性的伴侣。例如：Her fiance is a kind - hearted man.（她的未婚夫是个心地善良的人。）课文中，“She was engaged to a young man, a plumber by trade, and they were due to be married in two months' time.”（她和一个年轻的水管工订了婚，他们两个月后就要结婚了。）这里的 “engaged to” 表示订婚关系，“fiance” 就是指这个订婚对象。 拓展：fiancee（名词，未婚妻），这两个词拼写相似，要注意区分，-ee 后缀通常表示女性。 microwave 用法：可数名词，指 “微波炉”，用于利用微波加热或烹饪食物。例如：You can heat up the pizza in the microwave.（你可以在微波炉里加热披萨。）在课文中，“She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the parcel on the kitchen table. Now she was dead, but the parcel was still there, unopened, in the microwave.”（她曾告诉他，如果她没开门，就直接进来，把包裹放在厨房的桌子上。现在她死了，但是包裹还在那里，没打开，在微波炉里。）这个词明确了包裹放置的位置。 拓展：microwave 也可作为动词，意思是 “用微波炉加热”。例如：Microwave the soup for three minutes.（用微波炉把汤加热三分钟。） identify 用法：动词，主要意思是 “识别；认出；鉴定；把…… 等同于”。例如：Can you identify the man in the photo?（你能认出照片里的人吗？）；The police used fingerprints to identify the criminal.（警方用指纹来识别罪犯。）在课文中，“It was possible to identify her body by the gold fillings in her teeth.”（通过她牙齿里的金牙填充物可以辨认出她的尸体。）体现了 “识别、辨认” 的含义。 拓展：identification（名词，辨认；鉴定；身份证明）。例如：Please show your identification card.（请出示你的身份证。） 二、课文精讲 课文主旨 这篇课文是一个悬疑故事。主要讲述了一位年轻女子被发现死在自己的房子里，她的尸体旁有一只狗的残骸。她的未婚夫前来发现了这一情况，警方通过各种线索来调查她的死因，包括未打开的包裹、牙齿里的金牙填充物等，故事充满了悬念。 情节发展 发现尸体：故事一开始，呈现了一个令人震惊的场景，年轻女子被发现死在自己的房子里，旁边是狗的残骸。例如：“The mutilated remains of what had been a dog were found in the garden. The young woman's body was found in the kitchen. She had been stabbed to death.” 这些细节为故事营造了一种恐怖、悬疑的氛围。 未婚夫的出现：女子的未婚夫按照之前的约定前来，发现了包裹还在微波炉里，未被打开，这增加了故事的神秘感。“She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the 项门 and to leave the parcel on the kitchen table. Now she was dead, but the parcel was still there, unopened, in the microwave.” 他的出现也为后续警方调查提供了更多的线索和人物视角。 警方调查线索：警方通过牙齿里的金牙填充物来辨认尸体，并且围绕现场的各种细节展开调查，如包裹、狗的残骸等。这些情节体现了警方办案的过程，也让读者跟随线索一步步猜测女子的死因。 人物与场景描写 人物描写：对女子的描写主要集中在她的死亡状态和之前与未婚夫的约定上，未婚夫的出现则展现出他的震惊和困惑。例如，通过未婚夫的行为和反应可以侧面反映出他对女子的关心以及对这起事件的不知所措。 场景描写：对房子内部的厨房、花园等场景的描写，如厨房中的微波炉、包裹，花园里狗的残骸等，这些细节让故事更加真实，也为故事的悬疑氛围增色不少。例如：“The mutilated remains of what had been a dog were found in the garden. The young woman's body was found in the kitchen. She had been stabbed to death. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the parcel on the kitchen table. Now she was dead, but the parcel was still there, unopened, in the microwave.” 这些场景细节是推动故事发展的重要因素。 三、语法讲解 过去完成时 用法：过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”。在课文中，“She had been stabbed to death.”（她是被刺死的。）这里使用过去完成时，说明女子被刺死这个动作发生在尸体被发现之前，“被刺死” 是过去的过去的动作。另一个例子是 “She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the parcel on the kitchen table.”（她曾告诉他，如果她没开门，就直接进来，把包裹放在厨房的桌子上。）“告诉” 这个动作发生在未婚夫到来之前，也是过去的过去的动作。 与一般过去时的对比：一般过去时主要强调过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时更侧重于动作的先后顺序，强调一个动作在另一个过去动作之前就已经完成。例如：一般过去时 “She died.”（她死了。）只是陈述她死亡这个过去的事实；而过去完成时 “She had died before the police arrived.”（在警方到达之前她就已经死了。）强调了死亡这个动作在警方到达之前就完成了。 被动语态 用法：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在课文中，“She had been stabbed to death.” 是一般过去完成时的被动语态，结构是 “had + been + 过去分词”，这里 “stabbed” 是 “stab”（刺；戳）的过去分词，句子强调她是被别人刺死的，而不是主动的动作。另一个例子是 “It was possible to identify her body by the gold fillings in her teeth.”（通过她牙齿里的金牙填充物可以辨认出她的尸体。）这是一般过去时的被动语态 “was + 过去分词”，“identify” 的过去分词是 “identified”，句子重点在于她的尸体是被辨认的对象，而不是主动去辨认的主体。 四、练习题 （一）词汇练习 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 The _______ (mutilate) painting was carefully restored by the experts. He _______ (chew) his pen while thinking about the difficult problem. My _______ (fiance) is taking me to a concert tonight. You can _______ (microwave) the leftovers for a quick meal. The police used DNA evidence to _______ (identify) the suspect. 选择正确的单词填空。 The dog was found with its body _______ (mutilated / identified). It was a sad sight. She always _______ (chews / microwaves) gum in class, which is very annoying. My sister's _______ (fiance / fiancee) is a doctor. I put the food in the _______ (microwave / chew) to heat it up. The detective tried to _______ (identify / mutilate) the murderer from the fingerprints. （二）课文理解练习 根据课文内容，判断下列句子的正误。 The young woman was killed by poison. ( ) The dog was also killed. ( ) The parcel was opened by the young woman before she died. ( ) The police identified the body through the clothes the woman was wearing. ( ) The young woman's fiance was a plumber. ( ) 回答下列问题。 Where was the young woman's body found? What was found in the garden? What did the young woman tell her fiance to do if she didn't open the door? How did the police identify the young woman's body? （三）语法练习 用所给动词的适当形式填空（过去完成时或一般过去时）。 She _______ (already leave) when I got to her house. They _______ (not see) each other for years before they met again last week. After he _______ (finish) his homework, he went to bed. The train _______ (depart) before we reached the station. I _______ (think) I had lost my keys, but then I found them in my pocket. 将下列句子改为被动语态。 The police caught the thief. She wrote a beautiful poem. They built a new bridge over the river. The teacher corrected our homework. He made a mistake in the exam. 答案： （一）词汇练习 mutilated chewed fiance microwave identify mutilated chews fiance microwave identify （二）课文理解练习 False True False False True The young woman's body was found in the kitchen. The mutilated remains of a dog were found in the garden. She told him to come straight in and leave the parcel on the kitchen table. The police identified her body by the gold fillings in her teeth. （三）语法练习 had already left hadn't seen had finished had departed thought The thief was caught by the police. A beautiful poem was written by her. A new bridge was built over the river by them. Our homework was corrected by the teacher. A mistake was made by him in the exam. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$