新概念英语第三册 Lesson5 The facts学习要点解析 讲义

新概念英语第三册 Lesson5 一、词汇用法 editor 用法：可数名词，意为 “编辑；编者；校订者”。例如：The editor of the magazine is very strict about the quality of the articles.（这本杂志的编辑对文章质量要求非常严格。）在课文中，报社的编辑收到记者关于威廉姆斯夫人的报道稿件，并决定发表，是新闻传播流程中的关键人物。 拓展：edit（动词，编辑；校订）；edition（名词，版本；版次）。例如：The first edition of this book was very popular.（这本书的第一版非常受欢迎。） extreme 用法：形容词，有 “极度的；极端的；偏激的；尽头的” 等意思。例如：extreme heat（酷热）；extreme poverty（极度贫困）；extreme views（偏激的观点）。在课文中 “Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother.” 这种相似性被描述为 “extremely”（副词形式）striking，强调相似程度之高，接近极限。 拓展：extremely（副词，极其；非常）；extremity（名词，极端；末端；绝境）。例如：He was in extremities for money.（他经济陷入绝境。） boulder 用法：可数名词，指 “大石头；巨砾”。例如：The boulder blocked the path.（这块大石头挡住了道路。）课文中 “After climbing down the side of a mountain, a group of hikers discovered a human skeleton lying near the top of a cliff. It was obvious that the skeleton had been there for a long time. The hikers reported their discovery to the local police, who then contacted the nearest hospital. A team of doctors and nurses were sent to the scene. They carefully examined the skeleton and found that it was that of a middle-aged man. Near the skeleton, they also found a small metal box and a few pieces of clothing. The box contained some personal belongings and a note which read: ‘I died trying to climb this mountain. A boulder fell on me and I could not move.’” 这里的 “boulder” 是导致登山者死亡的关键因素，描述了故事发生的背景环境。 拓展：bouldery（形容词，多巨石的；多岩砾的）。例如：The bouldery terrain made the hike very difficult.（多巨石的地形使这次徒步旅行非常困难。） pockets 用法：可数名词复数，基本意思是 “口袋；衣袋”，也可用于比喻义，表示 “钱；财力” 等。例如：He put his hands in his pockets.（他把手插在口袋里。）在课文中 “He had been climbing in the Alps when a boulder fell on him and crushed his legs. Unable to move, he lay there for days until he died of starvation. His body was found months later, still in his sleeping bag, with his rucksack and all his equipment beside him. There were no signs of violence, and it was clear that he had died from exposure and starvation. In his pockets were a few coins and a watch.” 这里的 “pockets” 指的是死者衣物上的口袋，里面的物品成为了判断其身份和遭遇的线索。 拓展：pocketful（名词，一袋之量；满袋）。例如：a pocketful of candies（满满一口袋糖果）；pick someone's pocket（扒窃某人）。 hikers 用法：可数名词复数，“hiker” 的复数形式，意为 “徒步旅行者；远足者”。例如：A group of hikers set off early in the morning.（一群徒步旅行者一大早就出发了。）课文围绕着一群 hikers 发现山上的骷髅展开故事，他们是整个事件的发现者和推动者，引发了后续一系列的调查和情节发展。 拓展：hike（动词，徒步旅行；远足；上升）。例如：We hiked through the forest.（我们徒步穿越森林。）The price of petrol has hiked again.（汽油价格又上涨了。） 二、课文精讲 课文主旨： 这篇课文讲述了一群徒步旅行者在阿尔卑斯山发现一具骷髅的故事。随后警方和医院人员介入调查，发现死者是在登山时被巨石砸中双腿，因无法移动，最终死于饥饿和寒冷。通过死者口袋里的物品以及现场的情况，逐步揭示出死者可能的身份和遭遇，情节引人入胜且富有逻辑性。 情节分析： 发现骷髅：徒步旅行者在下山途中于悬崖顶部附近发现骷髅，这是故事的开端，引发了后续一系列的行动和探究。例如：“After climbing down the side of a mountain, a group of hikers discovered a human skeleton lying near the top of a cliff.” 报告与调查：旅行者向当地警方报告，警方联系医院，医生和护士前往现场检查。这一系列动作展示了事件处理的常规流程，体现了社会机构在面对此类情况时的协作。如：“The hikers reported their discovery to the local police, who then contacted the nearest hospital. A team of doctors and nurses were sent to the scene.” 身份推测：通过对骷髅及其周围物品的检查，推测死者是一名中年男子，在登山时遭遇不幸。细节描写如 “Near the skeleton, they also found a small metal box and a few pieces of clothing. The box contained some personal belongings and a note which read: ‘I died trying to climb this mountain. A boulder fell on me and I could not move.’” 使读者能够跟随调查者的视角，逐步拼凑出死者生前的经历。 人物与场景描写： 人物描写：主要刻画了徒步旅行者作为事件的发现者，他们的行为推动了故事发展，但对其个人特征描写较少。而对于死者，通过其遗留的物品和现场状况侧面描绘出他是一位登山爱好者，在登山过程中遭遇意外的形象。 场景描写：着重描绘了阿尔卑斯山的山区环境，悬崖、巨石等元素构建了故事发生的危险而又神秘的背景。如 “After climbing down the side of a mountain... near the top of a cliff” 以及提到巨石砸中死者等情节，让读者仿佛置身于那片山区之中，增强了故事的真实感和感染力。 三、语法讲解 过去完成进行时 用法：过去完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去这个时间点，并且可能还要继续下去。其构成形式为 “had been + 动词的现在分词”。在课文中 “He had been climbing in the Alps when a boulder fell on him and crushed his legs.” 这里使用过去完成进行时 “had been climbing”，说明在巨石砸中他之前，他一直在阿尔卑斯山登山，强调登山这个动作在过去某个时间点（巨石落下时）之前已经持续了一段时间。与过去完成时相比，过去完成进行时更侧重于动作的持续性。例如：过去完成时 “He had climbed several mountains before this accident.”（在这次事故之前他已经攀登过几座山，强调过去的经历和完成的动作）；而过去完成进行时强调在特定过去时间点之前动作的不间断进行。 时间状语从句 when 的用法：在 “He had been climbing in the Alps when a boulder fell on him and crushed his legs.” 中，“when” 引导时间状语从句，表示 “当…… 时候；正在这时”，强调一个动作（巨石落下）突然发生在另一个持续动作（登山）的过程中。它与 “while” 引导的时间状语从句有所不同，“while” 通常强调两个动作同时进行，且从句中的动词常用延续性动词。例如：“While he was climbing, he enjoyed the beautiful scenery.”（他在登山时欣赏美丽的风景，两个动作 “climbing” 和 “enjoying” 同时进行）。而 “when” 在这里更突出巨石落下的突然性，打断了登山的持续动作。 until 的用法：“Unable to move, he lay there for days until he died of starvation.” 中 “until” 引导时间状语从句，表示 “直到…… 为止”，说明他躺在那里的状态一直持续到因饥饿而死这个时间点。“until” 常与否定句连用，表示动作直到某个时间才发生。例如：He didn't leave until his mother came back.（直到他母亲回来他才离开。）在课文句子中，“until” 清晰地表明了死者从受伤无法移动到最终死亡的时间跨度和因果关系。 四、练习题 （一）词汇练习 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 The _______ (edit) decided to publish the story about the discovery. The heat was so _______ (extreme) that we could hardly bear it. There were some strange things in the _______ (pocket) of the old coat. A group of _______ (hike) found an abandoned cabin in the woods. The _______ (boulder) made it difficult to build the road in this area. 选择正确的单词填空。 The (editor / hiker) is responsible for checking the grammar in the article. We had to climb over a large (pocket / boulder) to continue the path. The (extreme / hiker) weather conditions made the trip very dangerous. She put her keys in the (pocket / boulder) of her jeans. The (editor / hiker) received a lot of submissions from writers. （二）课文理解练习 判断下列句子是否符合课文内容。 The hikers found the skeleton at the bottom of the mountain. ( ) The police found a lot of money in the skeleton's pockets. ( ) The skeleton was that of a young man. ( ) The man died because a boulder crushed his legs and he couldn't move. ( ) The hikers didn't report their discovery to anyone. ( ) 根据课文内容回答问题。 Where did the hikers find the skeleton? What did the box near the skeleton contain? What did the doctors and nurses do after being sent to the scene? How did the man die according to the note? （三）语法练习 用所给动词的适当形式填空（过去完成进行时或一般过去时）。 She _______ (wait) for an hour when I finally arrived. He _______ (work) in the garden all morning before it started to rain. They _______ (travel) for weeks before they reached their destination. I _______ (study) English for five years before I moved to the UK. The plane _______ (land) before we got to the airport. 用 when 或 while 填空。 _______ I was reading a book, my sister was watching TV. The accident happened _______ he was crossing the street. _______ we were having dinner, the phone rang. She was singing _______ she was cooking. _______ the teacher was explaining the lesson, the students were listening carefully. 答案： （一）词汇练习 editor extreme pockets hikers boulders editor boulder extreme pocket editor （二）课文理解练习 False False False True False The hikers found the skeleton near the top of a cliff. The box contained some personal belongings and a note which read: ‘I died trying to climb this mountain. A boulder fell on me and I could not move.’ They carefully examined the skeleton and found that it was that of a middle-aged man. According to the note, a boulder fell on him and crushed his legs. He couldn't move and died of starvation. （三）语法练习 had been waiting had been working had been travelling had been studying had landed While when While while While 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$