新概念英语第三册 Lesson 3 An Unknown Goddess 学习要点解析 讲义

新概念英语第三册 Lesson 3 学习要点全解析 一、词汇用法 goddess 【释义】可数名词，“女神；被崇拜的女性；非凡的女子”。 【例句】Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty in Greek mythology.（阿芙洛狄忒是希腊神话中的爱与美之女神。） 【搭配】the goddess of wisdom（智慧女神）；a screen goddess（银幕女神） archaeologist 【释义】可数名词，“考古学家”。 【例句】The archaeologist discovered many ancient artifacts.（这位考古学家发现了许多古代文物。） 【搭配】famous archaeologist（著名考古学家）；field archaeologist（野外考古学家） Aegean 【释义】 名词：“爱琴海”。 形容词：“爱琴海的；爱琴海诸岛的”。 【例句】The Aegean Sea is known for its beautiful islands.（爱琴海以其美丽的岛屿而闻名。） 【搭配】Aegean civilization（爱琴文明）；Aegean coast（爱琴海海岸） explore 【释义】动词，“探索；探测；探险；探究；仔细查看”。 【例句】They are going to explore the unknown jungle.（他们打算探索那片未知的丛林。） 【搭配】explore the possibilities（探索可能性）；explore a new area（探索新区域） promontory 【释义】可数名词，“岬；海角；隆起；海角状物”。 【例句】The lighthouse was built on a promontory overlooking the sea.（灯塔建在一个俯瞰大海的海角上。） 【搭配】rugged promontory（崎岖的海角）；cliffy promontory（陡峭的海角） prosperous 【释义】形容词，“繁荣的；兴旺的；富裕的；成功的”。 【例句】The city has become a prosperous commercial center.（这座城市已成为一个繁荣的商业中心。） 【搭配】prosperous business（兴旺的生意）；prosperous country（富裕的国家） civilization 【释义】可数名词，“文明；文化；文明社会；文明世界”。 【例句】The ancient Egyptian civilization was highly advanced.（古埃及文明高度发达。） 【搭配】Western civilization（西方文明）；ancient civilization（古代文明） storey 【释义】可数名词，“楼层；层”，美语中常用 “story”。 【例句】The building has five storeys.（这座楼有五层。） 【搭配】ground storey（底层）；top storey（顶层） drainage 【释义】 名词：“排水；排水系统；污水；排水面积”。 动词：“排水；流干；喝光；耗尽”。 【例句】 名词：The city's drainage system needs to be improved.（这座城市的排水系统需要改进。） 动词：The fields drain well after the rain.（雨后田野排水良好。） 【搭配】drainage ditch（排水沟）；drainage pipe（排水管） worship 【释义】 名词：“崇拜；礼拜；尊敬；爱慕”。 动词：“崇拜；尊敬；爱慕；信奉；做礼拜”。 【例句】 名词：They showed great worship for their leader.（他们对领袖表现出极大的崇拜。） 动词：People worship different gods in different religions.（在不同宗教中人们崇拜不同的神。） 【搭配】religious worship（宗教崇拜）；idol worship（偶像崇拜） sacred 【释义】形容词，“神圣的；宗教的；庄严的；受崇敬的”。 【例句】The temple is a sacred place for the locals.（这座寺庙对当地人来说是一个神圣的地方。） 【搭配】sacred site（圣地）；sacred music（宗教音乐） fragment 【释义】 名词：“碎片；片段；片断；小部分”。 动词：“使成碎片；使分裂；打碎；分裂”。 【例句】 名词：The archaeologist found a fragment of an ancient vase.（考古学家发现了一个古代花瓶的碎片。） 动词：The glass was fragmented into small pieces.（玻璃被打碎成小块。） 【搭配】a fragment of memory（一段记忆）；break into fragments（碎成碎片） remains 【释义】名词，“残余；遗迹；遗体；残骸；遗址”，常用复数形式。 【例句】The remains of the ancient city were discovered last year.（这座古城的遗迹去年被发现。） 【搭配】human remains（人类遗体）；historical remains（历史遗迹） classical 【释义】形容词，“古典的；经典的；传统的；正统的；文科的”。 【例句】I like classical music.（我喜欢古典音乐。） 【搭配】classical literature（古典文学）；classical architecture（古典建筑） reconstruct 【释义】动词，“重建；重构；重现；改造；修复”。 【例句】The archaeologists are trying to reconstruct the ancient palace.（考古学家们正试图重建古代宫殿。） 【搭配】reconstruct a building（重建一座建筑）；reconstruct a scene（重现一个场景） 二、课文精讲 课文以一座位于爱琴海的古老城市为背景展开。考古学家们在一座小岛上进行探索时，在一个海角发现了这座古城的遗迹。 【原文】“Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.” 【解析】“was made” 是一般过去时的被动语态，表示发现这一动作被考古学家完成；“which stands in an ancient city...” 是定语从句，修饰 “temple”；“must have been” 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，根据城市的遗迹状况推测其曾经繁荣；“for” 引导原因状语从句，解释为什么推测城市繁荣。 文中详细描述了古城房屋的建筑材料、房间特点以及先进的排水系统，这些都体现了当时高度的文明程度。 【原文】“Houses were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.” 【解析】此部分通过对房屋和排水系统的描述进一步说明城市的繁荣与文明，“with beautifully decorated walls” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “rooms”；“a great many” 表示 “许多；大量”，修饰可数名词复数。 考古学家还发现了一些宗教崇拜相关的遗迹，如一座可能用于崇拜女神的庙宇，以及一些带有宗教仪式痕迹的碎片等。 【原文】“The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.” 【解析】“which the archaeologists explored” 是定语从句修饰 “temple”；“dating from the fifteenth century B.C.” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “remains”；“must have been” 再次表示对过去情况的推测；“turned out to be” 意思是 “结果是；原来是”；“despite” 表示 “尽管；不管”，引导让步状语。 三、语法点：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词） 【关系代词】 【who/whom】用于指人，在定语从句中作主语时用 “who”，作宾语时用 “whom”（在口语或非正式文体中，“whom” 常可用 “who” 代替）。例如：The man who is standing there is my teacher.（站在那里的那个人是我的老师。） / The girl whom I met yesterday is very kind.（我昨天遇到的那个女孩很善良。） 【which】用于指物或事情，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。例如：The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） 【that】既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，常可与 “which” 或 “who/whom” 互换，但在某些情况下只能用 “that”，如先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或 “the only”“the very”“the same” 等修饰时。例如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。） 【whose】用于表示所属关系，在定语从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。例如：The girl whose father is a doctor is my classmate.（那个父亲是医生的女孩是我的同学。） 【关系副词】 【when】在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词通常是表示时间的名词，如 “time”“day”“year” 等。例如：I still remember the day when we first met.（我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。） 【where】在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如 “place”“city”“room” 等。例如：This is the place where I was born.（这是我出生的地方。） 【why】在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是 “reason”。例如：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（他迟到的原因是他错过了公共汽车。） 在课文中，“An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.” 这里 “which” 指代 “temple”，在定语从句中作主语；“The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.” 中 “which” 指代 “temple”，在从句中作宾语；“The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.” 这里 “it” 指代 “city”，不是定语从句，但在理解句子逻辑关系时需要明确指代对象；“In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.” 中 “these” 指代 “fragments of fifteen statues”；“The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.” 中 “dating from the fifteenth century B.C.” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “remains”，不是定语从句，但与定语从句的作用类似，都是对先行词进行修饰限定。 四、习题 用所给单词的适当形式填空 The ______ (explore) of the new area is very dangerous. The ancient city was very ______ (prosper). The archaeologist found many ______ (fragment) of pottery. The temple is a ______ (sacred) place for the local people. They are trying to ______ (reconstruct) the old building. 单项选择 The house ______ we visited yesterday was built in the 19th century. A. which B. where C. who D. when The man ______ is talking to my father is an archaeologist. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose This is the reason ______ he didn't come to school. A. which B. where C. why D. when The city ______ a high level of civilization must have been prosperous. A. with B. of C. in D. on The statue ______ head was missing was found among the remains. A. which B. whose C. who D. that 翻译句子 他们发现了一座曾经非常繁荣的古城遗迹。（remains） 那个站在角落里的女孩是一名考古学家。（archaeologist） 这是我看过的最有趣的考古发现。（discovery） 这座庙宇是用来崇拜女神的。（worship） 尽管这些碎片很古老，但它们非常珍贵。（despite） 五、习题答案 用所给单词的适当形式填空 exploration（名词，探索） prosperous（形容词，繁荣的） fragments（名词复数，碎片） sacred（形容词，神圣的） reconstruct（动词，重建） 单项选择 A（先行词是 house，指物，在从句中作宾语，用 which） B（先行词是 man，指人，在从句中作主语，用 who） C（先行词是 reason，关系副词用 why） A（with a high level of civilization 作后置定语修饰 city） B（先行词是 statue，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 head，用 whose） 翻译句子 They discovered the remains of an ancient city which was once very prosperous. The girl who is standing in the corner is an archaeologist. This is the most interesting archaeological discovery that I have ever seen. This temple was used for worshiping goddesses. Despite the fact that these fragments are very old, they are very precious. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$