专题04 重点语法盘点【考点清单】-2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲（仁爱科普版）

2024-2025学年八年级上期末考点大串讲（仁爱版） 专题04 重点语法盘点 一、一般将来时 一般将来时主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 1. will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的： 1. be going to主要用于： a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 2. will主要用于在以下几个方面： a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？ ① 肯定句 There will be ...如： There will be a stamp collection this evening.下周将举行一次集邮展。 ② 否定句 There won’t be...? 如： There won’t be a concert this evening. 今晚没有演唱会。 ③ 一般疑问句 Will there be... ? 如： Will there be a football match next month? 下个月有一场足球赛吗？ there be句型的一般将来时 ① 肯定句 There will be ...如： There will be a stamp collection this evening.下周将举行一次集邮展。 ② 否定句 There won’t be...? 如： There won’t be a concert this evening. 今晚没有演唱会。 ③ 一般疑问句 Will there be... ? 如： Will there be a football match next month? 下个月有一场足球赛吗？ 一般将来时特殊用法： 1. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to不能与tomorrow，next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3. 有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start，die等。 I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris. The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。 真题演练： 1．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A．had B．have had C．were having D．are going to have 2．（2024·河北·中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A．order B．ordered C．was ordering D．will order 3．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him. A．was B．has been C．are D．will be 4．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 5．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day? —I ________ a beautiful card for my father. A．design B．designed C．will design D．was designing 6．（2023·西藏·中考真题）We are ________ take a school trip tomorrow. A．go to B．going to C．goes to D．gone to 7．（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）His little brother ________ middle school in July 2023. A．finishes B．is finishing C．finished D．will finish 8．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —Sorry, I have no idea. A．that we will have to put off the meeting B．if we would put off the meeting C．whether we will put off the meeting D．where we will put off the meeting 9．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Ben believes he ________ a college student in 3 years. A．becomes B．became C．will become D．has become 10．（2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）After this exam, you ________ a wonderful holiday next month. Take it easy! A．have B．have had C．had D．will have 11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）I don’t know if it ________ sunny tomorrow. If it ________ sunny, I will go fishing. A．will be; is B．is; will be C．will be; is going to be 12．（2023·江西·中考真题）I’ve just got two tickets! I ________ to see the new movie with Tony. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 13．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days? —He won’t, unless he ________. A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites 14．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? I want to go shopping with you. —Maybe next Saturday afternoon. A.when are you going to Luofu Plaza B．when you went to Luofu Plaza C．when you are going to Luofu Plaza 15．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）—The car will not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ________ it a push. A．give B．gave C．have given D．will give 二、情态动词 情态动词 (should/shouldn’t; had better/had better not) (1)定义: ① should作情态动词，表示劝告、建议，多指主观上有责任、有义务做某事，作“应该”解。 ② had better 表示“最好”，其缩写为“’d better”，表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有“应该做某 事”之意，一般适用于晚辈、平辈等。注意: had better 中的had永远不能改成has或 have。 (2) 结构: should和had better 后面均跟动词原形。 should do sth. / had better do sth. should not do sth. / had better not do sth. 情态动词（must/mustn’t; may; can/could ) 1. can 的用法: (1) 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时 may 和must 均不可代替它。 如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。 I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 (2) 表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 (3) 表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？ 2. could的用法： (1) can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。 如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 (2) could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。 如: --- Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? --- Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 3. may的用法： (1) 表示请求、许可，比can 正式。 如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？ You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。 (2) 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。 She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. 4. must的用法： (1) must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须待在这儿。 Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？ (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止，不许”。 如：You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。 You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。 (3) 对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to. 如：--- Must I finish my homework now? 我现在必须完成作业吗？ --- No, you needn’t.不，你不必。 (4) must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。 如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 真题演练： 1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem. A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need 3．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—In order to keep healthy, we ________ have breakfast. —You’re right. Breakfast is very important for our health. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must 4．（2024·海南·中考真题）—________ I go out with my friend now, Dad? —I’m afraid you have to finish your homework first. A．Can B．Should C．Must 5．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 6．（2024·西藏·中考真题）You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you. A．can B．could C．shouldn’t D．would 7．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Although the little boy is only 6 years old, he _______ do DIY well with his special mind. A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 8.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to. A．may B．should C．must D．have to 9．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）With the help of modern technology, now people ________ enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space. A．may B．can C．should D．must 10．（2024·北京·中考真题）— Bill, ________ I use your ruler? — Of course you can. Here you are. A．can B．must C．need D．should 11．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Whose volleyball is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. She loves volleyball. A．can’t B．must C．mustn’t 12．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）Lili ________ be at home. She has gone to the farm to pick apples. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must D．can 13．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down. A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t 14．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—People ________ wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules. —Yes. Or they will be punished. A．must B．can C．may 15．（2024·四川雅安·中考真题）—Is that your friend Laura over there? —No, it ____________ be Laura. She has gone to Shenzhen. A．must B．mustn’t C．can D．can’t 三、反身代词 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 herself themselves himself itself (1) 反身代词表示某人自身，它可以再句中作宾语、表语和同位语。 You must look after yourself well. (作宾语) You are not quite yourself today. (作表语) They themselves told me the news. (做同位语) (2) 反身代词在实际运用中，可构成许多固定词组 help yourself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself过得愉快 teach oneself 自学 make oneself at home 别拘束 by oneself 亲自 lose oneself in ... 沉醉于…… 真题演练： 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help. A．him B．her C．himself D．herself 2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 3．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 4．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success. —OK, I will. A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 5．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）Think about it and ask ________: have you really done everything right? A．you B．yourself C．me D．myself 6．（2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）Don’t ride your bike too fast, or you may hurt ________. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．itself 7．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）— I saw your grandma using Douyin on the phone. Who taught her? — Nobody. She taught ________. A．himself B．myself C．herself D．yourself 8．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）Teachers often say that teenagers should learn to look after ________. A．ourselves B．yourselves C．themselves 9．（2023·湖南岳阳·中考真题）Believe in ________ and you can overcome your shyness. A．you B．your C．yourself 10．（2014·陕西·中考真题）Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after ________. A．myself B．me C．ourselves D．us 四、used to的用法 used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或存在的状态，而且这种情况现在已不再存在。to为不定式符号。used to的各种结构为： (1) 肯定句：主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他 (2) 否定句：主语 + didn’t + use to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. (3) 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t. (4) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 【拓展】be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词 真题演练： 1．She ________ listen to pop music, but now she likes dancing. A．was used to B．used to C．was used for 2．When he was a student, he used to ________ soccer after school. A．played B．playing C．play D．plays 3．I used to ________ my dream. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll be successful one day. A．giving up, keep B．giving up, keeping C．give up, keeping D．give up, keep 4．Mike used to ________ to work, but now he is used to ________ a bus to work. A．drive, take B．drive, taking C．driving, take D．driving, taking 5．I ________ to school in that big yard, but now it’s a factory. A．used to go B．used to going C．was used to go 6．— How do you spend your weekends, Jack? —I ________ watch TV at home, but I ________ going camping now. A．was used to; am used to B．am used to; used to C．used to; am used to D．used to; use to 7．—Do you know ________ ? —He used to be shy. A．what was he like B．what he is like C．what did he use to like D．what he used to be like 8．There ________ a church, but now it is ________ a hospital. A．used, used as B．used to be, used as C．used to be, used to being 9．I used to ________ my dreams. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll succeed one day. A．giving up; keep B．giving up; keeping C．give up; keeping D．give up, keep 10．Tom ________ drive a car, but now he ________ there to keep healthy. A．used to; is used to walk B．used to; is used to walking C．was used to; is used to walk D．was used to; is used to walking 五、感叹句 1. 感叹句概述 (1) 由"what"引导的感叹句："what"用作定语，修饰名词，名词前可有形容词或冠词。 (2) 由"how"引导的感叹句："how"用作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子。 2. What 引导的感叹句 what + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语+谓语) + ！ what + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语+谓语) + ！ what + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语+谓语) + ！ What a clever girl she is! What good children they are! What bad weather it is! 3. How 引导的感叹句 How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语) + ！ How + 主语 + 谓语+ ！ How + 形容词 +a/an + 可数名词的单数形式 + (主语 + 谓语) + ！ How clever she is! How time flies! How nice a boy he is! 4. 感叹句构成的歌诀 感叹句不麻烦，how和what应提前； 名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连； 主语、谓语不用变，省掉他们很常见。 真题演练： 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday! A．How B．What C．What an D．What a 2．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic. —Exactly. I simply can’t wait! A．How B．What C．How a D．What a 3．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely. A．What B．What a C．How D．What an 4．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）______ amazing it is! The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station. A．What B．How C．What an 5．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Li Lei won the first place. ________ good news it is! —Yes, we’re all happy for him. A．How B．What a C．What 6．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—It was sunny several minutes ago, but it’s raining heavily now! —________ difference a day makes! A．What B．What a C．How 7．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）—________ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves! —I’m glad you had a good time. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a 8．（2024·云南·中考真题）________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 9．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match. —________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it. A．What B．How C．What an D．How an 10．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—The pen can translate what you write down into English. —________ interesting invention! A．What B．What an C．How D．What a 六、过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 真题演练： 1．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower when you called. A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking 3．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）While we ________ an English song, some visitors came into our classroom. A．were singing B．sang C．are singing 4．（2024·福建·中考真题）When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A．helps B．was helping C．will help 5．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 6．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? —I ________ bicycle with my sister. A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up 7．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I ______ the dishes. A．wash B．washed C．am washing D．was washing 8．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）—How did the accident happen yesterday? —A boy ________ games on the phone while walking across the street. A．plays B．is playing C．was playing 9．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A．jogged B．were jogging C．have jogged D．will jog 10．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）—Peter, what were you doing at this time last night? —I ________ chess with my grandfather. A．play B．was playing C．am playing D．played 七、形容词、副词的比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater greatest 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider bravest widest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier happiest 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive most difficult most expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 注意： (1) 有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以­ow，­er结尾的词。 (2) 有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much许多的 more most little less least far farther距离远的 farthest距离最远 far further距离更远；程度更胜 furthest距离最远；程度最深 old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) 比较级和最高级的标志词 (1) 修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any等。 The students study even harder than before. 学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 (2) 最高级可用by far，almost，nearly，one of及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。 (3) 比较级+than... (比......更......) He rises earlier than anyone else in his class. 他比班里其他人都起得早。 (4) less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......) This book is less amusing than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 (5) the+比较级+of (两者中更......的) He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。 (6) the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......） The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the . Of all the mobile phones I like this one best. 在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。 （7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……” 在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词­er＋and＋形容词/副词­er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。 Things are getting better and better day by day. 情况正在一天天好起来。 It's becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job. 找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。 （8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级 I have never heard a better voice. 我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。 易混点： (1) 类似用法的结构：can't/couldn't ... too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 表示“无论……也不为过”。 （2）英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。 真题演练： 1．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）To many Chinese, preparing the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival is even ________ than the dinner itself. A．less important B．the most important C．as important as D．more important 2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______ than any one of us. A．more excited B．more exciting C．the most excited D．the most exciting 3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）If you learn more about safety rules, you will be much ________. A．safe B．safer C．the safest 4．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）—How are you feeling today, young man? —Much ________. The medicine works. Thank you, Doctor. A．best B．better C．worst D．worse 5．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）I like playing tennis. I think nothing is ________ than playing tennis. A．enjoyable B．more enjoyable C．less enjoyable 6．（2024·天津·中考真题）Many people think eating at home is ________ than eating in the restaurant. A．healthy B．healthier C．healthiest D．the healthiest 7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Today AI technology is developing ________ we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow. A．much faster than B．as fast as C．more slowly than D．as slowly as 8．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Which kind of movies do you prefer, action movies or comedies? —I like action movies ________. A．well B．better C．the better D．the best 9．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work because it is ________ environmentally friendly. A．much B．more C．most 10．（2023·北京·中考真题）—Which do you like ________, swimming or skating? —Swimming. A．well B．better C．best D．the best 11．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）ChatGPT can make a plan ________ than we do. A．much quickly B．more quick C．even quick D．far more quickly 12．（2023·天津·中考真题）Sam did ________ in his studies this year than last year. A．well B．better C．best D．the best 13．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）Although Lingling studies online at home, she studies ________ than before. A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest 14．（2024·四川自贡·中考真题）—Who got the first prize in this competition? —Of course Tom did. He worked ________ among us. A．hard B．harder C．hardest 15．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）Zhao Chen ran ________ of all the students at the sports meeting. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．less fast 八、宾语补足语 在英语中，有些及物动词后面还需要一个补足语，意思才完整。宾语补足语可用名词、形容词、副词、不定代词、动名词、动词不定式、介词或介词短语来表示。 We made him monitor. I find the man funny. Let him in, please. Tom asked me to go there with him. They kept the woman waiting long. 【注意】 在表示使役及感官等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补足语。常用的这类动词有have / let / make / feel / hear / see / watch / notice ，而help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. Could you help me (to) carry the bag? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年八年级上期末考点大串讲（仁爱版） 专题04 重点语法盘点 一、一般将来时 一般将来时主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 1. will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的： 1. be going to主要用于： a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 2. will主要用于在以下几个方面： a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？ ① 肯定句 There will be ...如： There will be a stamp collection this evening.下周将举行一次集邮展。 ② 否定句 There won’t be...? 如： There won’t be a concert this evening. 今晚没有演唱会。 ③ 一般疑问句 Will there be... ? 如： Will there be a football match next month? 下个月有一场足球赛吗？ there be句型的一般将来时 ① 肯定句 There will be ...如： There will be a stamp collection this evening.下周将举行一次集邮展。 ② 否定句 There won’t be...? 如： There won’t be a concert this evening. 今晚没有演唱会。 ③ 一般疑问句 Will there be... ? 如： Will there be a football match next month? 下个月有一场足球赛吗？ 一般将来时特殊用法： 1. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to不能与tomorrow，next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3. 有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start，die等。 I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris. The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。 真题演练： 1．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A．had B．have had C．were having D．are going to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这个星期天，简和我打算去野餐。你愿意和我们一起去吗？——当然。到时见。 考查动词时态。根据“this Sunday”可知，这个星期天要去野餐，事情发生在将来，时态是一般将来时，结构是will do或be doing to do。故选D。 2．（2024·河北·中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A．order B．ordered C．was ordering D．will order 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我在等一个朋友。恐怕我要晚点点餐。考查时态。根据“I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ... later.”可知，在等朋友，所以要晚点点餐，用一般将来时will do，故选D。 3．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him. A．was B．has been C．are D．will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——哦，不！你哥哥把伞忘在家里了。今天下午会有大雨。——别担心，妈妈。我会拿给他的。考查动词时态。根据“this afternoon”可知是一般将来时，故选D。 4．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周末，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。 5．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day? —I ________ a beautiful card for my father. A．design B．designed C．will design D．was designing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——苏海，在即将到来的父亲节你会做什么？——我将为我父亲设计一张漂亮的卡片。 考查时态。根据“for the coming Father’s Day”可知动作还未发生，用一般将来时will do。故选C。 6．（2023·西藏·中考真题）We are ________ take a school trip tomorrow. A．go to B．going to C．goes to D．gone to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明天我们将进行一次学校旅行。考查一般将来时。“tomorrow”提示时态为一般将来时，结合空前的are可知，谓语用are going to do的结构。故选B。 7．（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）His little brother ________ middle school in July 2023. A．finishes B．is finishing C．finished D．will finish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他的弟弟将在2023年7月份初中毕业。考查时态。根据“in July 2023”可知是将来的时间，时态用一般将来时。故选D。 8．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —Sorry, I have no idea. A．that we will have to put off the meeting B．if we would put off the meeting C．whether we will put off the meeting D．where we will put off the meeting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我是否推迟会议吗？——对不起，我不知道。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序。根据“could you tell me”可知，想知道是否推迟会议，引导词用if或whether表示“是否”，排除A和D选项。主句中的could表示委婉语气不表示过去时态，推迟会议发生在将来，故用一般将来时态（will +do），选项B是过去将来时（would +do），故排除B。故选C。 9．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Ben believes he ________ a college student in 3 years. A．becomes B．became C．will become D．has become 【答案】C 【详解】句意：本相信三年后他会成为一名大学生。考查动词时态。此句为宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不限，根据“in 3 years”（三年后）可知从句应用一般将来时，故选C。 10．（2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）After this exam, you ________ a wonderful holiday next month. Take it easy! A．have B．have had C．had D．will have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这次考试后，你下个月将有一个美好的假期。别紧张！考查动词时态。根据“next month”可知，时态是一般将来时，结构是will do。故选D。 11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）I don’t know if it ________ sunny tomorrow. If it ________ sunny, I will go fishing. A．will be; is B．is; will be C．will be; is going to be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不知道明天是否晴天。如果晴天，我会去钓鱼。考查时态。第一个句子是if引导的宾语从句，主句是现在时，根据“tomorrow”可知宾语从句中用一般将来时will do，排除B；第二个句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，从句用一般现在时，排除C。故选A。 12．（2023·江西·中考真题）I’ve just got two tickets! I ________ to see the new movie with Tony. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我刚买了两张票！我将和托尼一起去看这部新电影。考查时态。根据“I’ve just got two tickets!”可知，这里指刚买了两张票，所以是将要去看电影，应用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，故选C。 13．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days? —He won’t, unless he ________. A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。 考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“in two days”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，排除B；分析“He won’t, unless he...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”，故选A。 14．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? I want to go shopping with you. —Maybe next Saturday afternoon. A.when are you going to Luofu Plaza B．when you went to Luofu Plaza C．when you are going to Luofu Plaza 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——对不起，你能告诉我你什么时候去罗浮广场吗？我想和你一起去购物。——也许下周六下午吧。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除A；结合“Maybe next Saturday afternoon.”可知，是一般将来时。故选C。 15．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）—The car will not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ________ it a push. A．give B．gave C．have given D．will give 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汽车发动不了。我怎么办呢？——别担心。汤姆和我会推它的。考查动词时态。根据“The car will not start. What can I do?”可知“汤姆和我会去推车”，应用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故选D。 二、情态动词 情态动词 (should/shouldn’t; had better/had better not) (1)定义: ① should作情态动词，表示劝告、建议，多指主观上有责任、有义务做某事，作“应该”解。 ② had better 表示“最好”，其缩写为“’d better”，表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有“应该做某 事”之意，一般适用于晚辈、平辈等。注意: had better 中的had永远不能改成has或 have。 (2) 结构: should和had better 后面均跟动词原形。 should do sth. / had better do sth. should not do sth. / had better not do sth. 情态动词（must/mustn’t; may; can/could ) 1. can 的用法: (1) 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时 may 和must 均不可代替它。 如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。 I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 (2) 表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 (3) 表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？ 2. could的用法： (1) can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。 如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 (2) could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。 如: --- Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? --- Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 3. may的用法： (1) 表示请求、许可，比can 正式。 如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？ You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。 (2) 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。 She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. 4. must的用法： (1) must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须待在这儿。 Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？ (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止，不许”。 如：You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。 You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。 (3) 对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to. 如：--- Must I finish my homework now? 我现在必须完成作业吗？ --- No, you needn’t.不，你不必。 (4) must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。 如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 真题演练： 1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我必须用粉红色来粉刷我的卧室吗？——不，你不用。你可以用任何你喜欢的颜色。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。根据“Must I...”可知其否定回答用needn’t。故选D。 2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem. A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——苏西，你能教我怎么拉小提琴吗？——没问题。考查情景交际。can能，可以；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“you show me how to play the violin”可知此处是请求许可，can符合语境。故选A。 3．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—In order to keep healthy, we ________ have breakfast. —You’re right. Breakfast is very important for our health. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为了保持健康，我们必须吃早餐。——你是对的。早餐对我们的健康很重要。 考查动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；must必须。根据“In order to keep healthy, we...have breakfast.”可知，早餐对我们的健康很重要，所以我们必须吃早餐。故选C。 4．（2024·海南·中考真题）—________ I go out with my friend now, Dad? —I’m afraid you have to finish your homework first. A．Can B．Should C．Must 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我现在可以和我的朋友出去了吗，爸爸？——恐怕你得先完成作业。考查动词辨析。Can可以；Should应该；Must必须。根据“I go out with my friend now, Dad?”可知，此处表示请求许可，需用can表示“可以”。故选A。 5．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我明天早上必须在6点之前来吗？——不，你不必。会议将在8点开始。考查动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。对于must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答，用needn’t或don’t have to。故选B。 6．（2024·西藏·中考真题）You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you. A．can B．could C．shouldn’t D．would 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你不应该在睡觉前吃太多的食物，否则对你的身体不好。考查情态动词辨析。can 可以；could可以；shouldn’t不应该；would将会。根据“or it’s bad for you”可知，此处建议睡觉前不要吃太多的食物，故选C。 7．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Although the little boy is only 6 years old, he _______ do DIY well with his special mind. A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然这个小男孩只有6岁，但他可以用他特殊的头脑做DIY做得很好。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以；can’t不可能；must必须；mustn’t禁止。根据“do DIY well”可知，此处强调能力，能够做DIY，故选A。 8.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to. A．may B．should C．must D．have to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你做新鲜的沙拉时，如果你想，你可以添加你最喜欢的水果。考查情态动词辨析。may可以；should应该；must必须；have to不得不。根据“When you make a fresh salad, you ... add your favorite fruit if you would like to.”可知，做沙拉时，你可以添加你最喜欢的水果。故选A。 9．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）With the help of modern technology, now people ________ enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space. A．may B．can C．should D．must 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在现代科技的帮助下，现在人们可以享受中国第一位宇航员杨利伟进入太空的最自豪的时刻。考查情态动词辨析。may可能；can能够，可以；should应该；must必须。根据“With the help of modern technology, now people … enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space.”可知，人们可以享受中国第一位宇航员杨利伟进入太空的最自豪的时刻，故选B。 10．（2024·北京·中考真题）— Bill, ________ I use your ruler? — Of course you can. Here you are. A．can B．must C．need D．should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Bill，我可以用你的尺子吗？——当然可以。给你。考查情态动词辨析。can可以；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据答语中的“Of course you can.”可知，此处表示“请求使用对方的东西”，can表“请求允许”，符合句意。故选A。 11．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Whose volleyball is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. She loves volleyball. A．can’t B．must C．mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这是谁的排球？——一定是露西的。她爱排球。考查情态动词。can’t不是；must一定；mustn’t禁止。根据“She loves volleyball.”可知此处指肯定推测，用must。故选B。 12．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）Lili ________ be at home. She has gone to the farm to pick apples. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must D．can 【答案】B 【详解】句意：莉莉不可能在家。她去农场摘苹果了。考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；must必须；can可以。根据“She has gone to the farm to pick apples.”可知她去农场摘苹果了，所以她不可能在家，表示否定推测用can’t。故选B。 13．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down. A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：嘘……！这里是图书馆。你应该小点声。考查情态动词辨析和should表示建议。can能；can’t不能；should应该；shouldn’t不应该。根据“This is a library. You...keep your voice down.”可知，此处是建议小点声，故选C。 14．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—People ________ wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules. —Yes. Or they will be punished. A．must B．can C．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——根据交通规则，人们骑电动自行车时必须戴头盔。——是的。否则他们将受到惩罚。 考查动词辨析。must必须；can可以；may也许。根据“People ... wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules.”可知，戴头盔是交通规则，必须遵守，故选A。 15．（2024·四川雅安·中考真题）—Is that your friend Laura over there? —No, it ____________ be Laura. She has gone to Shenzhen. A．must B．mustn’t C．can D．can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——那边是你的朋友劳拉吗？——不，不可能是她。她去深圳了。考查情态动词。must一定；mustn’t表禁止；can能够；can’t不可能。根据“She has gone to Shenzhen.”可知，劳拉去深圳了，所以那个人一定不是她。此处表否定推测，用can’t。故选D。 三、反身代词 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 herself themselves himself itself (1) 反身代词表示某人自身，它可以再句中作宾语、表语和同位语。 You must look after yourself well. (作宾语) You are not quite yourself today. (作表语) They themselves told me the news. (做同位语) (2) 反身代词在实际运用中，可构成许多固定词组 help yourself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself过得愉快 teach oneself 自学 make oneself at home 别拘束 by oneself 亲自 lose oneself in ... 沉醉于…… 真题演练： 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help. A．him B．her C．himself D．herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他可以在没有我帮助的情况下使用Chat GPT-4。考查代词辨析。him他；her她；himself他自己；herself她自己。by oneself“独自”，主语是He，反身代词用himself。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小玛丽为自己感到骄傲，因为她教李叔叔如何在网上借书。考查代词辨析。herself她自己；hers她的；she她；her她/她的。根据“Little Mary was proud of …because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.”可知，此处指为她自己感到骄傲，故选A。 3．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。考查代词辨析。my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；me我，宾格。第一处作定语修饰parents，用形容词性物主代词；第二处主语和宾语是同一人，所以是“照顾自己”，用反身代词。故选A。 4．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success. —OK, I will. A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——玛丽亚，你应该相信自己。这就是成功的秘诀。——好的，我会的。考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourself你自己；herself她自己；himself他自己。此处是对玛丽亚说，你应该相信你自己，故用反身代词yourself。故选B。 5．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）Think about it and ask ________: have you really done everything right? A．you B．yourself C．me D．myself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：想一想，然后问自己：你真的把每件事都做对了吗？考查反身代词。you你；yourself你自己；me我；myself我自己。根据“Think about it and ask”可知是指问自己，应用反身代词，结合“have you”可知应用yourself，故选B。 6．（2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）Don’t ride your bike too fast, or you may hurt ________. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．itself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要骑自行车太快，否则你会受伤的。考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己；itself它自己。根据“you may hurt”可知主语是you，用反身代词yourself。故选B。 7．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）— I saw your grandma using Douyin on the phone. Who taught her? — Nobody. She taught ________. A．himself B．myself C．herself D．yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我看到你奶奶用抖音打电话。谁教她的？——没有人。她自学的。考查反身代词。himself他自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己。根据She可知，反身代词应该与主语在人称上保持一致，所以此空应填herself，故选C。 8．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）Teachers often say that teenagers should learn to look after ________. A．ourselves B．yourselves C．themselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师经常说，青少年应该学会照顾自己。考查代词辨析。ourselves我们自己；yourselves你自己，你们自己；themselves他们自己。根据“teenagers”可知青少年应该照顾他们自己，应用反身代词themselves表示“他们自己”。故选C。 9．（2023·湖南岳阳·中考真题）Believe in ________ and you can overcome your shyness. A．you B．your C．yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：相信自己，你就能克服害羞。考查代词辨析。you你；your你的；yourself你自己。根据“Believe in...and you can overcome your shyness.”可知，主语是you，所以是相信“你自己”，故选C。 10．（2014·陕西·中考真题）Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after ________. A．myself B．me C．ourselves D．us 【答案】C 【详解】句意：别担心。我们足够大能够照顾好自己。考查反身代词。myself我自己；me我；ourselves我们自己；us我们。根据“We’re old enough to look after...”可知，足够大能够照顾好自己，用反身代词，本句主语是we，故选C。 四、used to的用法 used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或存在的状态，而且这种情况现在已不再存在。to为不定式符号。used to的各种结构为： (1) 肯定句：主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他 (2) 否定句：主语 + didn’t + use to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. (3) 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t. (4) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 【拓展】be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词 真题演练： 1．She ________ listen to pop music, but now she likes dancing. A．was used to B．used to C．was used for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她过去常听流行音乐，但现在她喜欢跳舞。考查动词短语。was used to习惯做某事，接动名词；used to过去常常做某事，接动词原形；was used for被用做。根据“listen to pop music, but now she likes dancing.”可知，此处是说她“过去常常”听流行音乐，故选B。 2．When he was a student, he used to ________ soccer after school. A．played B．playing C．play D．plays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当他还是学生时，他常常在放学后踢足球。考查动词时态。used to do表示“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形。故选C。 3．I used to ________ my dream. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll be successful one day. A．giving up, keep B．giving up, keeping C．give up, keeping D．give up, keep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我过去常常放弃我的梦想。但现在我习惯于持续做任何事情。我想总有一天我会成功。考查动词短语用法。used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，第一个空应填动词原形give up。get used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”，第二个空需填动名词形式keeping。故选C。 4．Mike used to ________ to work, but now he is used to ________ a bus to work. A．drive, take B．drive, taking C．driving, take D．driving, taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Mike过去常常开车上班，现在他习惯乘公交车上班。考查动词短语。used to do sth表示过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth表示习惯于做某事。根据“but now he is used to”可知，前面表示他过去常开车上班，应用drive；后面表示他现在习惯乘公交车上班，应用taking a bus。故选B。 5．I ________ to school in that big yard, but now it’s a factory. A．used to go B．used to going C．was used to go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我过去在那个大院子里上学，但现在它是一个工厂。考查动词短语。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to do sth.被用来做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。根据“I…to school in that big yard, but now it’s a factory.”可知，此处指“我”过去在那个大院子里上学，但现在它是一个工厂，应用used to go。故选A。 6．— How do you spend your weekends, Jack? —I ________ watch TV at home, but I ________ going camping now. A．was used to; am used to B．am used to; used to C．used to; am used to D．used to; use to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——杰克，你怎么度过周末的？——以前在家看电视，现在习惯去露营了。考查动词短语辨析。used to do sth“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”。根据“I …watch TV at home, but I … going camping now.”可知，此处应该表达以前在家看电视，现在习惯去露营了。故选C。 7．—Do you know ________ ? —He used to be shy. A．what was he like B．what he is like C．what did he use to like D．what he used to be like 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道他以前是什么样子吗？ ——他过去很害羞。考查宾语从句。what was he like他是个什么样的人；what he is like他是个什么样的人；what did he use to like他过去喜欢什么；what he used to be like他以前是什么样子。根据“Do you know…”可知，此处考查宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除A和C；根据答语“He used to be shy.”可知，这里是询问他过去是什么样子的，排除B。故选D。 8．There ________ a church, but now it is ________ a hospital. A．used, used as B．used to be, used as C．used to be, used to being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：过去有一个教堂，但是它现在作为医院使用。考查动词短语辨析。used to do sth过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth习惯于做某事；be used as被用作，后接名词。根据“There...but now...”可知，前半句是介绍过去常常，句子是There be结构，所以此处应用to be形式，第一空填used to be，故排除A；根据“it is...a hospital”可知，此处表示现在被用作医院。故选B。 9．I used to ________ my dreams. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll succeed one day. A．giving up; keep B．giving up; keeping C．give up; keeping D．give up, keep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我过去常常放弃梦想。但现在我习惯坚持做每件事。我想我有一天会成功。考查动词短语。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”；get used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”。第一个空填动词原形give up，表示过去常常放弃；第二个空填动名词keeping，表示习惯坚持。故选C。 10．Tom ________ drive a car, but now he ________ there to keep healthy. A．used to; is used to walk B．used to; is used to walking C．was used to; is used to walk D．was used to; is used to walking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆过去常常开车，但现在他习惯于步行来保持健康。考查“used to”与“be used to”结构。used to do sth过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth习惯于做某事；be used to do sth被用来做某事。前句表示过去常常开车，因此用“used to do sth”；后半部分表示现在习惯于步行，故使用“is used to walking”。故选B。 五、感叹句 1. 感叹句概述 (1) 由"what"引导的感叹句："what"用作定语，修饰名词，名词前可有形容词或冠词。 (2) 由"how"引导的感叹句："how"用作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子。 2. What 引导的感叹句 what + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语+谓语) + ！ what + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语+谓语) + ！ what + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语+谓语) + ！ What a clever girl she is! What good children they are! What bad weather it is! 3. How 引导的感叹句 How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语) + ！ How + 主语 + 谓语+ ！ How + 形容词 +a/an + 可数名词的单数形式 + (主语 + 谓语) + ！ How clever she is! How time flies! How nice a boy he is! 4. 感叹句构成的歌诀 感叹句不麻烦，how和what应提前； 名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连； 主语、谓语不用变，省掉他们很常见。 真题演练： 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday! A．How B．What C．What an D．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天我看了一场多么精彩的魔术表演啊！考查感叹句的用法。此句中心词是可数名词单数show，形容词amazing是元音音素开头，an符合句意，用what引导，句型为“what+a/an+adj+名词+主谓”。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic. —Exactly. I simply can’t wait! A．How B．What C．How a D．What a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多好的天气啊！这很适合去野餐。 ​——确实不错。我简直等不及了！考查感叹句。根据“fine weather”可知，中心词weather是不可数名词，结合what+adj.+不可数名词+（主谓）可知，what符合句式结构，故选B。 3．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely. A．What B．What a C．How D．What an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这演讲真有帮助！它告诉我们要安全地使用互联网。考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是形容词helpful，用感叹句结构：how adj.+主谓。故选C。 4．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）______ amazing it is! The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station. A．What B．How C．What an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：真是太神奇了！神舟十八号成员首次在天宫空间站养鱼。考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，感叹句的中心词是形容词amazing，符合结构how+形容词+主谓，故选B。 5．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Li Lei won the first place. ________ good news it is! —Yes, we’re all happy for him. A．How B．What a C．What 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——李磊得了第一名。这是多么好的消息啊！——是的，我们都为他感到开心。考查感叹句。How引导的感叹句，修饰的中心词是形容词或副词；What引导的感叹句，修饰的中心词是名词。news是不可数名词，用What引导感叹句，结构是What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!。故选C。 6．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—It was sunny several minutes ago, but it’s raining heavily now! —________ difference a day makes! A．What B．What a C．How 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——几分钟前还是晴天，现在却下起了大雨！——一天的变化竟然如此之大！考查感叹句。How修饰形容词或副词；what修饰名词。设空所在句的中心词是单数可数名词difference，且是以辅音音素开头，所以用What a修饰，故选B。 7．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）—________ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves! —I’m glad you had a good time. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们全家在莫高窟的经历真是太棒了！——我很高兴你玩得开心。考查感叹句。根据“...wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves!”可知，此句应为what引导的感叹句，结构为：what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，experience在此处表示“经历”，是可数名词，wonderful是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰。故选D 。 8．（2024·云南·中考真题）________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：多么有意义的一天啊！我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。考查感叹句。中心词day是可数名词的单数形式，用what引导的感叹句结构：what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主谓，meaningful是以辅音音素开头的，冠词用a，故选C。 9．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match. —________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it. A．What B．How C．What an D．How an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嗨，伙计们！我们队在乒乓球比赛中获得第一名。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！我们很高兴。考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是不可数名词news，此处是“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓”句型，故选A。 10．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—The pen can translate what you write down into English. —________ interesting invention! A．What B．What an C．How D．What a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这支笔可以把你写的东西翻译成英语。——多么有趣的发明啊！考查感叹句以及冠词。感叹句的中心词是可数名词单数invention，用感叹句结构what a/an adj. n.+主谓，interesting以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 六、过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 真题演练： 1．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Amy，你昨天晚上没接我的电话。你在干什么？——对不起，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里读书。考查动词的时态。read阅读；am reading现在进行时；have read现在完成时；was reading过去进行时；will read一般将来时。根据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you doing?”可知，此处是在描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower when you called. A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：嗨，约翰！有什么事吗？你打电话的时候我正在洗澡。考查过去进行时。根据“I...a shower when you called.”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 3．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）While we ________ an English song, some visitors came into our classroom. A．were singing B．sang C．are singing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我们唱英语歌的时候，一些参观者走进了我们的教室。考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处是含while引导的状语从句的复合句。参观者进入教室时，我们正在唱歌，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”。故选A。 4．（2024·福建·中考真题）When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A．helps B．was helping C．will help 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天我看见小王时，他正帮助一位老人过马路。考查过去进行时。根据“When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ... an old man cross the road.”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。 5．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——海伦，昨天下午五点我没看见你在教室里。——噢，那时我正在为毕业典礼练习唱歌。 考查过去进行时。根据“at five yesterday afternoon”和“at that time”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。 6．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? —I ________ bicycle with my sister. A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——蒂姆，我打电话给你的时候你在做什么？——我正在和姐姐修理自行车。考查动词时态及动词短语。cut up切碎；make up编造；pick up捡起；fix up修理。根据“what were you doing when I called you?”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing。结合“bicycle”可知，此处指修理自行车。故选D。 7．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I ______ the dishes. A．wash B．washed C．am washing D．was washing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嗨，伊森。我昨晚8点给你打电话，但你没有接。——抱歉，我当时正在洗碗。考查动词时态。根据“at 8:00 last night”可知，此处指昨晚8点打电话时伊森正在洗碗，过去某一时间点正在做某事，应用过去进行时。故选D。 8．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）—How did the accident happen yesterday? —A boy ________ games on the phone while walking across the street. A．plays B．is playing C．was playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天的事故是怎么发生的？——一个男孩在穿过街道时正在手机上玩游戏。考查时态。根据“How did the accident happen yesterday?”可知，此句描述的事故发生在昨天，应用过去的时态，选项中选项C“was playing”为过去进行时。故选C。 9．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A．jogged B．were jogging C．have jogged D．will jog 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在乡间小路上慢跑时，突然刮起了暴风雨，于是我们往回走。考查时态。根据“when a sudden storm hit”可知是当暴风雨时，正在慢跑，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。 10．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）—Peter, what were you doing at this time last night? —I ________ chess with my grandfather. A．play B．was playing C．am playing D．played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——彼得，你昨晚这个时候在做什么？——我在和我的祖父下棋。考查动词时态。根据“at this time last night”可知，此处指过去的某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时。故选B。 七、形容词、副词的比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater greatest 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider bravest widest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier happiest 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive most difficult most expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 注意： (1) 有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以­ow，­er结尾的词。 (2) 有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much许多的 more most little less least far farther距离远的 farthest距离最远 far further距离更远；程度更胜 furthest距离最远；程度最深 old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) 比较级和最高级的标志词 (1) 修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any等。 The students study even harder than before. 学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 (2) 最高级可用by far，almost，nearly，one of及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。 (3) 比较级+than... (比......更......) He rises earlier than anyone else in his class. 他比班里其他人都起得早。 (4) less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......) This book is less amusing than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 (5) the+比较级+of (两者中更......的) He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。 (6) the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......） The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the . Of all the mobile phones I like this one best. 在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。 （7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……” 在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词­er＋and＋形容词/副词­er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。 Things are getting better and better day by day. 情况正在一天天好起来。 It's becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job. 找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。 （8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级 I have never heard a better voice. 我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。 易混点： (1) 类似用法的结构：can't/couldn't ... too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 表示“无论……也不为过”。 （2）英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。 真题演练： 1．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）To many Chinese, preparing the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival is even ________ than the dinner itself. A．less important B．the most important C．as important as D．more important 【答案】D 【详解】句意：对许多中国人来说，准备除夕晚餐比晚餐本身更重要。考查形容词比较级。less important不太重要的；the most important最重要的；as important as一样重要；more important更加重要的。根据“preparing the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival is even...than the dinner itself.”可知，此处需用比较级，可排除BC选项；结合常识可知，准备晚餐的过程比晚餐本身更重要。故选D。 2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______ than any one of us. A．more excited B．more exciting C．the most excited D．the most exciting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当看到神舟十八号载人飞船飞向天空时，我父亲比我们任何人都兴奋。考查形容词辨析和比较级。more excited更兴奋的；more exciting更令人兴奋的；the most excited最兴奋的；the most exciting最令人兴奋的。根据“than”可知，应用比较级；再根据“my father”可知，形容词人的感受要用-ed结尾的形容词，即excited符合题意。故选A。 3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）If you learn more about safety rules, you will be much ________. A．safe B．safer C．the safest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你多了解一些安全规则，你就会安全得多。考查比较级。much修饰比较级，此空应填safer，故选B。 4．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）—How are you feeling today, young man? —Much ________. The medicine works. Thank you, Doctor. A．best B．better C．worst D．worse 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——年轻人，你今天感觉怎么样？——好多了。这药有效。谢谢您，医生。考查形容词辨析和比较级的用法。best最好的；better更好的；worst最坏的；worse更坏的。根据“The medicine works.”可知，药有效，所以感觉更好了，much修饰形容词比较级，故选B。 5．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）I like playing tennis. I think nothing is ________ than playing tennis. A．enjoyable B．more enjoyable C．less enjoyable 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢打网球。我认为没什么比打网球更有趣。考查形容词比较级。根据than可知，此空为形容词比较级，排除A；根据“I like playing tennis.”可知喜欢网球，所以觉得没有什么更有趣了。故选B。 6．（2024·天津·中考真题）Many people think eating at home is ________ than eating in the restaurant. A．healthy B．healthier C．healthiest D．the healthiest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多人认为在家吃饭比在餐馆吃饭更健康。考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，应使用形容词比较级，故选B。 7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Today AI technology is developing ________ we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow. A．much faster than B．as fast as C．more slowly than D．as slowly as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天，人工智能技术的发展速度比我们想象的要快得多。没有人知道明天会发生什么。考查比较级。much faster than比……快得多；as fast as和……一样快；more slowly than比……慢得多；as slowly as和……一样慢。根据“Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow.”可知，没有人知道明天会发生什么，说明现在人工智能的发展速度非常快，比我们想象的要快得多。故选A。 8．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Which kind of movies do you prefer, action movies or comedies? —I like action movies ________. A．well B．better C．the better D．the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你喜欢看哪种电影，动作片还是喜剧片？——我更喜欢动作电影。考查比较级。根据“action movies or comedies”可知，两者比较应用比较级better，且比较级之前不用加the，故选B。 9．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work because it is ________ environmentally friendly. A．much B．more C．most 【答案】B 【详解】句意：比起开车上班，我更喜欢骑自行车，因为它更环保。考查副词辨析及副词的比较级。much非常；more更；most最。根据“I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work”可知，此处是“开车上班”和“骑自行车上班”两者之间的比较，骑自行车上班更加环保，应用比较级more environmentally friendly。故选B。 10．（2023·北京·中考真题）—Which do you like ________, swimming or skating? —Swimming. A．well B．better C．best D．the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪一个，游泳还是滑冰？——游泳。考查副词比较级。根据“swimming or skating”可知两者相比较，此处用比较级better。故选B。 11．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）ChatGPT can make a plan ________ than we do. A．much quickly B．more quick C．even quick D．far more quickly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：ChatGPT制作计划的速度比我们快得多。 考查副词比较级。quickly快地，副词；quick快的，形容词。由句子结构可知，该空修饰谓语动词“make a plan”，应用副词；句中有“than”，表示两者相比，应用副词比较级more quickly，far可修饰比较级。故选D。 12．（2023·天津·中考真题）Sam did ________ in his studies this year than last year. A．well B．better C．best D．the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：山姆今年的学习成绩比去年好。考查副词比较级。根据“than”可知，此处需用比较级，可排除ACD选项。故选B。 13．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）Although Lingling studies online at home, she studies ________ than before. A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然玲玲在家在线学习，但她比以前学习更努力了。考查副词比较级。根据“than”可知，此处用副词比较级，故选B。 14．（2024·四川自贡·中考真题）—Who got the first prize in this competition? —Of course Tom did. He worked ________ among us. A．hard B．harder C．hardest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁在这次比赛中得了第一名？——当然是汤姆。他在我们当中最努力。考查最高级。among表示“在……之中”（三者以上），此空应填最高级，故选C。 15．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）Zhao Chen ran ________ of all the students at the sports meeting. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．less fast 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在这次运动会上，赵晨是所有学生中跑得最快的。考查最高级。fast快速地，副词原级；faster更快地，副词比较级；fastest最快地，副词最高级；less fast没那么快。根据“of all the students”可知，三者以上的比较要用最高级，故选C。 八、宾语补足语 在英语中，有些及物动词后面还需要一个补足语，意思才完整。宾语补足语可用名词、形容词、副词、不定代词、动名词、动词不定式、介词或介词短语来表示。 We made him monitor. I find the man funny. Let him in, please. Tom asked me to go there with him. They kept the woman waiting long. 【注意】 在表示使役及感官等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补足语。常用的这类动词有have / let / make / feel / hear / see / watch / notice ，而help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. Could you help me (to) carry the bag? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$