2024-2025学年上学期高二英语期末复习讲练（外研版2019）选择性必修一 Unit5

2024-2025学年上学期高二英语期末复习讲练（外研版2019） 选择性必修一 Unit 5 基础练 一、根据语境写出句子中黑体单词的汉语意思 1. To many people, technology means computers, hand­held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.　遥远的 2. John suspected that his theory was correct but he needed evidence.怀疑 3. The program would generate a lot of new jobs to the long­term jobless.创造 4. Scientists wonder whether there is a link between the two species.联系，关联 5. "It's no disgrace to be colored," the black entertainer Bert Williams famously observed early in the century, "but it is awfully inconvenient." 丢脸，耻辱 6. We based our analysis on a random sample of more than 200 males. 样本 7. Her Chinese friends referred to the empress as their venerable ancestor. 祖先 8. Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 特点 9. We shouldn't blame ourselves for what happened.责怪，指责 10. Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals. 原始的，低等的 二、词形转换 1．distant adj.遥远的；远处的→distance n．距离；远处 2．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化(论) 3．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n．怀疑，嫌疑 4．generate v．产生，创造→generation n．产生；代；一代人→generator n．生产者；发电机 5．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)→legendary adj.传说的；非常著名的 6．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．发现，察觉；侦查→detective n．侦探 7. primitive adj. 原始的，低等的→ primitively adv. 原始地，最初地 三、重点短语 1. answer the call 响应号召 2. the first choice 首先 3. of all time 有史以来 4. in question 被提及的 5. be crowded with挤满 6. come to exist 产生 7. adapt to 适应 8. a variety of 各种各样的 9. as well as 和 10. tiny amounts of微量的 11. drive away 赶走 12. make noises 制造噪音 13. after all 终究，毕竟 14. get attacked by 被……袭击 15. a call for help 求救 四、重点句式 1．强调句型 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most(最令他感兴趣的是鸟类)． 2．“It seems/seemed (that)．..”意为“看起来/似乎是……” It seemed their beaks had evolved(似乎是它们的喙已经进化) according to what food was available on that particular island. 3．“not...until...”意为“直到……才……” It was not published until 1859(它直到1859年才出版) and immediately caused a storm. 4．“so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that(如此具有说服力以至于)more and more people started to believe his theory. 5．sb./sth.be＋过去分词＋to do... Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited(据说曾见过) such a tree in India. 6．with复合结构 With us long believing(我们一直认为) that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all. 7．it作形式主语 It has been known for some time that(人们知道……已经有一段时间了) plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 8．the way＋定语从句 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other(植物相互交流的秘密方式)． 提高练 一、阅读理解 A（24-25高二河南洛阳期中考试） Weather researchers are using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to improve existing weather prediction methods. But, experts say the AI tools currently face limitations and should be used along with traditional prediction methods to be most effective. AI systems trained to predict, or forecast weather events are now being used by many government agencies and organizations worldwide. Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods. One weather predicting system that has shown promise is the Google-financed GraphCast method. This machine learning-based system trains directly on weather data that has already been collected and examined. Such methods have demonstrated an ability to outperform traditional forecasting systems. The system works by combining past weather predictions with modern forecasting models to provide the most complete picture of weather and climate. In Europe, the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has been using AI prediction tools since January. The organization provides detailed weather forecasts four times per day to nations across Europe. The ECMWF technology is called the Artificial Intelligence/ Integrated Forecasting System(AIFS). The group describes the system as a“data-driven” forecasting model. It is designed to make many predietions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves. AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding. But while the predictions were right, destruction caused by the flooding could not be avoided. Experts told Reuters this is largely because it is still difficult to gather and fully utilize (利用) some collected weather data. In addition, there is a need to strengthen and improve currentAI models used to predict weather. Andrew Charlton-Perez is a professor of meteorology— the scientific study of weather processes— at the University of Reading in Britain. He told Reuters, “In some cases, AI models can beat physics-based models, but in other cases vice versa (反之亦然).” Charlton- Perez said he thinks the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools. This, he noted, could utilize AI data to produce weather predictions based on large sets of information collected from different sources. 1．What’s the advantage of AI weather predicting system? A．It provides detailed weather forecasts frequently. B．It can avoid extreme events including heatwaves. C．It can predict weather conditions faster at a low cost. D．It is used in all walks of life without limitations. 2．What is the purpose of AIFS? A．To avoid national floods. B．To forecast disaster destruction. C．To provide timely data. D．To predict weather events quickly. 3．What can we know about the prediction of AI-data from the ECMWF? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s precise. C．It’s much easier. D．It’s worldwide. 4．How can AI improve the weather forecast? A．By combining AI with traditional methods. B．By using AI prediction tools collectively. C．By making use of Google Graph Cast method. D．By gathering a lot of current weather data. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能（AI）系统在天气预测方面的应用与局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods.(这样的系统旨在比传统预测方法更快、成本更低地产生天气预测。)”可知，AI天气预测系统的优势在于能够更快、成本更低地预测天气情况。因此，选项C“It can predict weather conditions faster at a low cost.(能够以低成本更快地预测天气状况)”符合题意。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“It is designed to make many predictions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves.( 它被设计为快速做出许多预测，包括针对涉及强烈风暴和热浪的极端事件的预测。)”可知，AIFS的目的是快速预测天气事件，包括极端天气。因此，选项D“To predict weather events quickly.(快速预测天气事件)”符合题意。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding.( ECMWF提供的AI支持数据准确预测了上个月欧洲部分地区的暴雨，暴雨导致了大范围的洪水。)”可知，ECMWF的AI数据预测是准确的，其预测了上个月欧洲部分地区的暴雨。因此，选项B“It’s precise.(它是精确的)”符合题意。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Charlton- Perez said he thinks the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools.( Charlton- Perez说，他认为基于AI的天气预报的最佳用途是将它们与传统天气预报工具相结合使用。)”可知，AI可以通过与传统方法相结合来改进天气预报。因此，选项A“By combining AI with traditional methods.(通过将AI与传统方法相结合)”符合题意。故选A。 B（24-25高二山东菏泽期中考试） Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn’t reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 5．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method? A．It is good. B．It is simple. C．It is popular. D．It is creative. 6．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Care. B．Hope. C．Humor. D．Silence. 7．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By spending more time with their teens. B．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts. D．By expressing agreement on what whatever ever their teens say. 8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Life. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Education. 【答案】5．A 6．A 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了耶鲁大学儿童研究中心的研究人员收集家长和青少年21天的日记，分析发现家长表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动有关，家长在同一天表达温暖可以减弱冲突对孩子的影响。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段““The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.(没有参与这项研究的Beata Ujvari说：“日常方法适合为护理人员提供日常生活的实用建议。”)”可知，Beata Ujvari认为这种日常的研究方法很适合为照顾者提供日常生活的实用建议，也就是他认为这种方法很好。故选A项。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子“Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise.(研究人员发现，不管父母与青少年的关系是否亲密，当父母以affection、理解或赞美的形式表现出更多的温暖时，青少年会感到更被爱)”可知，affection与understanding和praise是并列关系，意思应该相近，而understanding和praise都是积极正面的词，推知affection应是“关爱”之意，符合语境，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said.(研究人员说，为了减弱冲突的影响，温情必须在同一天出现，但温情和冲突并不一定要联系起来)”可知，父母在同一天表现出情感上的温暖可以减少冲突对孩子的影响。故选B项 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.(耶鲁儿童研究中心的研究人员从151个家庭的父母和青少年那里收集了21天的日常日记。参与调查的青少年在9年级和10年级，年龄从13岁到16岁不等。参与调查的女性青少年略多一些。通过分析这些日记，研究人员可以将父母的温暖表现与青少年每天感受到的爱的波动联系起来。没有参与这项研究的Beata Ujvari说：“日常方法适合为护理人员提供日常生活的实用建议。”)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了耶鲁大学儿童研究中心的研究人员收集家长和青少年21天的日记，分析发现家长表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动有关，家长在同一天表达温暖可以减弱冲突对孩子的影响，这属于家庭教育的范畴，与生活息息相关。由此推知，本文应该出现在报纸的“生活”版块。故选A项。 二、七选五（24-25四川内江期中考试） Making good eye contact is a surprisingly difficult yet important part of good communication skills. If you want to improve your ability to look people in the eye, you can practice making eye contact on your own to give the right impression in conversations. 1 Try to relax as much as possible. The more you think about what you’re doing, the more awkward you’ll feel. Your nervousness can then be misinterpreted as dishonesty. 2 If you’re going into an important meeting or interview, do some breathing exercises. A few big, full, deep breaths can do a lot to calm you down. 3 It’s actually physically somewhat difficult to keep your eyes locked on both of another person’s eyes. It’s more common to focus on one, or on a spot on the face, rather than trying to look at both eyes at once. If it helps, try moving back and forth between the two eyes. Break your gaze (凝视) to make other gestures while listening. 4 This looks natural as well as providing you with a needed break if necessary. Try to keep your eyes focused while you talk as well as listen. It’s one thing to look while you’re listening. 5 Don’t be afraid if you have to break your gaze occasionally, but try to keep your face and eyes forward and up as you’re talking. A．Focus on one eye. B．Practice other good listening skills. C．So staying relaxed is of particular importance. D．Try to keep your eyes open as much as possible. E．Doing so can make you a better listener and a more effective speaker. F．It’s good to break eye contact when you’re laughing, or to nod and smile. G．But it’s more difficult to keep eye contact while you’re also trying to say something. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在交流中做好眼神交流，包括放松自己、专注于一只眼睛、在倾听时移开视线以及说话和倾听时都要尽量保持眼神专注等技巧。 1．由上文“Making good eye contact is a surprisingly difficult yet important part of good communication skills. If you want to improve your ability to look people in the eye, you can practice making eye contact on your own to give the right impression in conversations. (良好的眼神交流是良好沟通技巧中非常困难却又重要的一部分。如果你想提高与人对视的能力，你可以自己练习眼神交流，以便在对话中给人留下正确的印象。)”可知，本空要说跟“练习眼神交流的好处”有关的话题，故E选项“Doing so can make you a better listener and a more effective speaker. (这样做可以让你成为一个更好的倾听者和更有效的演讲者)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2．由上文“Try to relax as much as possible. The more you think about what you’re doing, the more awkward you’ll feel. Your nervousness can then be misinterpreted as dishonesty. (尽量放松。你越想自己在做什么，你就会觉得越尴尬。你的紧张可能会被误解为不诚实。)”可知，本空应谈论“不要紧张，要放松”有关的话题，故C选项“So staying relaxed is of particular importance. (因此，保持放松尤为重要。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 3．由下文“It’s actually physically somewhat difficult to keep your eyes locked on both of another person’s eyes. It’s more common to focus on one, or on a spot on the face, rather than trying to look at both eyes at once. If it helps, try moving back and forth between the two eyes. (实际上，从生理上讲，你很难同时盯着另一个人的眼睛。更常见的做法是盯着一只眼睛，或者盯着脸上的某个地方，而不是同时盯着两只眼睛。如果有帮助的话，试着在两只眼睛之间来回移动。)”可知，本空应谈论与“专注于一只眼睛”有关的话题，故A选项“Focus on one eye. (专注于一只眼睛。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选A。 4．由上文“Break your gaze (凝视) to make other gestures while listening. (在倾听的时候，把目光移开，做出其他手势。)”可知，本空应谈论与“把目光移开，做出其他手势”有关的话题，故F选项“It’s good to break eye contact when you’re laughing, or to nod and smile. (当你笑的时候，或者点头微笑的时候，移开视线是好的)”能承接上文，符合语境，该选项中的“break eye contact”与上文“Break your gaze”相呼应。故选F。 5．由上文“Try to keep your eyes focused while you talk as well as listen. It’s one thing to look while you’re listening. (当你说话和听的时候，尽量让你的眼睛集中。)”可知，在说话和倾听时都要尽量保持眼神专注，且由下文“Don’t be afraid if you have to break your gaze occasionally, but try to keep your face and eyes forward and up as you’re talking. (如果你不得不偶尔打断你的目光，不要害怕，但在你说话的时候，试着让你的脸和眼睛向前和向上。)”可知，本空要谈论“保持眼神专注的困难”有关的话题，故G选项“But it’s more difficult to keep eye contact while you’re also trying to say something (但是当你也想说些什么的时候，保持眼神交流就更难了)”能承上启下，符合语境，该选项中的“keep eye contact”与上文“keep your eyes focused”相呼应，且“more difficult”与上文形成转折关系，突出了说话的同时保持眼神交流更难。故选G。 三、完形填空（24-25河北邢台期中考试） On a summer afternoon in 2009, I was driving to my hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with a friend. I was 23 years old and had just been forced to leave my apartment in Annapolis, Maryland. Feeling lost but 1 , I was determined to find a place to stay back home. About an hour into the drive, my car suddenly 2 . To make matters worse, my cellphone was 3 because the electricity had been turned off in the apartment. Unable to 4 for help, my friend and I were stuck on the side of the road. 5 , the police arrived and helped tow (牵引) my 6 to a nearby mechanic. The news was depressing: the car needed major repairs — repairs that I had no money to 7 . Too far from Pittsburgh and unable to 8 to Annapolis, my friend and I felt desperate. As we sat there, unsure of what to do next, a woman in the waiting room 9 us. She introduced herself as Toni and after knowing our situation, she 10 to take us to Pittsburgh. There was just one 11 — she needed to drive home first to fix food and water for her cats. Toni took us to her house, where she welcomed us warmly. She served us 12 , let us relax, and even had us watch Young Frankenstein together. We spent the night there, and in the morning, she 13 us all the way to Pittsburgh. Thanks to her, I found a homeless shelter and began rebuilding my life. I never saw Toni again, but I think of her often. It was a 14 time in my life, and without her 15 , I’m not sure where I’d be today. 1．A．skillful B．careful C．hopeful D．thankful 2．A．broke down B．settled down C．broke out D．set out 3．A．rare B．cheap C．smart D．dead 4．A．care B．call C．stand D．speak 5．A．Apparently B．Constantly C．Ultimately D．Occasionally 6．A．house B．device C．vehicle D．coach 7．A．cover B．waste C．borrow D．refund 8．A．return B．apply C．relate D．appeal 9．A．estimated B．disturbed C．persuaded D．approached 10．A．needed B．offered C．learned D．managed 11．A．solution B．tradition C．position D．condition 12．A．breakfast B．lunch C．dinner D．picnic 13．A．drove B．walked C．shipped D．flew 14．A．secure B．quiet C．brief D．tough 15．A．calmness B．kindness C．awareness D．gentleness 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在2009年夏天一次开车回家途中遭遇汽车故障、手机没电等困境，后得到一位名叫Toni的女士热心帮助的经历。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感到迷茫但又充满希望，我决心在家乡找到一个落脚之处。A. skillful熟练的；B. careful谨慎的；C. hopeful充满希望的；D. thankful感恩的。根据下文“I was determined to find a place to stay back home”可知，作者虽然迷茫，但是充满希望，故选C项。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：开车大约一个小时后，我的车突然抛锚了。A. broke down抛锚；B. settled down安定下来；C. broke out爆发；D. set out出发。根据下文“the car needed major repairs”可知，车在路上抛锚了，故选A项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我的手机没电了，因为公寓里的电已经关掉了。A. rare稀有的；B. cheap便宜的；C. smart聪明的；D. dead没电的。根据下文“because the electricity had been turned off in the apartment”可知，公寓里的电已经关掉了，所以说作者的手机没电了，故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于无法打电话呼救，我和我的朋友被困在路边。A. care关心；B. call打电话；C. stand站着；D. speak说话。根据上文“To make matters worse, my cellphone”以及下文“for help”可知，手机没电了，所以是没办法打电话求助，故选B项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，警察赶到并帮助将我的车辆拖到附近的汽车修理师那里。A. Apparently显然地；B. Constantly不断地；C. Ultimately最终；D. Occasionally偶尔地。根据上文“my friend and I were stuck on the side of the road”及下文“the police arrived and held tow(牵引)my”可知，他们被困在路上没办法求助，最终警察来了并帮忙把车拖到附近的汽车修理师那里，故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，警察赶到并帮助将我的车辆拖到附近的汽车修理师那里。A. house房屋；B. device设备；C. vehicle车辆；D. coach长途汽车。根据上文“my car suddenly”可知，是车出故障了，警察帮忙拖的应该是车，故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个消息令人沮丧：这辆车需要大修——我没有钱支付维修费用。A. cover支付；B. waste浪费；C. borrow借用；D. refund退款。根据上文“the car needed major repairs—repairs that I had no money to”可知，这里说车需要大修，而作者没钱支付修理费用，故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为离匹兹堡太远，且无法返回安纳波利斯，我和我的朋友感到绝望。A. return返回；B. apply申请；C. relate相关；D. appeal吸引。根据上文“I was driving to my hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with a friend.”及“forced to leave my apartment in Annapolis, Maryland.”以及“Too far from Pittsburgh and unable to”可知，作者是从Annapolis出发要去Pittsburgh，现在车坏了，离Pittsburgh还远，又没办法回Annapolis，故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们坐在那里，不确定下一步该做什么时，等候室里的一位女士向我们走来。A. estimated估计；B. disturbed打扰；C. persuaded劝说；D. approached接近。根据下文“She introduced herself as Toni and after knowing our situation”可知，是一位女士走近他们并了解了他们的情况，故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她介绍自己叫Toni，在了解了我们的情况后，她主动提出带我们去匹兹堡。A. needed需要；B. offered主动提出；C. learned学习；D. managed管理。根据下文“to take us to Pittsburgh”可知，女士知道他们的情况后，主动提出带他们去 Pittsburgh，故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有一个条件——她需要先开车回家，为她的猫准备食物和水。A. solution解决；B. tradition传统；C. position位置；D. condition条件。根据下文“she needed to drive home first to fix food and water for her cats”可知，是她带他们去Pittsburgh的一个条件，故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她为我们准备了晚餐，让我们放松，甚至还让我们一起看《新科学怪人》。A. breakfast早餐；B. lunch午餐；C. dinner晚餐；D. picnic野餐。根据上文“On a summer afternoon in 2009”及下文“We spent the night there”可知，这里应该是吃晚餐，故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在那里过夜，早上，她开车送我们一路到Pittsburgh。A. drove开车；B. walked走；C. shipped装运；D. flew飞。根据上文“to take us to Pittsburgh”可知，她一路开车送他们去，故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那是我生命中一段艰难的时期，如果没有她的善意，我不确定我今天会在哪里。A. secure安全的；B. quiet安静的；C. brief简短的；D. tough艰难的。根据上文“my car suddenly”,“To make matters worse, my cellphone was”及“I had no money to”以及“Too far from Pittsburgh and unable to”可知，作者当时车坏了、没钱修车、无处可去等艰难处境，可知那是一段艰难的时光，故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是我生命中一段艰难的时期，如果没有她的善意，我不确定我今天会在哪里。A. calmness冷静；B. kindness善良；C. awareness意识；D. gentleness温和。根据上文“us all the way to Pittsburgh. Thanks to her, I found a homeless shelter and began rebuilding my life”可知，女士帮助作者他们的行为体现的是一种善良，故选B项。 四、语法填空（24-25浙江期中考试） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Pan Zhanle, 1 19-year-old Olympian, has delivered a new 100m freestyle world record of 46. 40, the first swimming world record of the Olympic Games Paris 2024. Pan had it in his sights from his magnificent start, leading the field, and finished a whole second ahead 2 Australia’s Kyle Chalmers, 3 took silver, followed by Romania’s David Popovici in bronze - medal position . An incredible moment followed as the 4 (compete) looked up at the clock to see Pan’s time and began 5 (applaud). Pan’s new mark lowered his previous record, which he had set at the 2024 World Championships in the 4x100m freestyle relay, by a full four-tenths of a second. His gold-medal victory also represents a first-ever medal for China in the 100m freestyle. Pan told the media, “I felt enormous pressure before the race because many of my teammates did not deliver good 6 (perform) and did not win the medals they were aiming for.” Pan said. “Today I did not expect to break the record 7 (actual). It’s a perfect result and it’s a vital step for me and the Chinese swimming team.” The 19-year-old said that he 8 (sleep) little before the final because of a doping test (药检) that ran into the early hours of the morning. “All the tests have not affected me much and I’m not annoyed by it. It’s a part of the rules. I committed myself to 9 (get) the best result. I was very surprised in the end that I broke the world record and it was 10 (reward).” he said. 【答案】 1．a 2．of 3．who 4．competitors 5．applauding 6．performances 7．actually 8．slept 9．getting 10．rewarding 【导语】本文是新闻报道。它报道了19岁的奥运选手潘展乐在2024年巴黎奥运会上创下新的100米自由泳世界纪录的事件，包括比赛过程、成绩、意义以及潘展乐本人的赛后采访等内容。 1．考查冠词。句意：19岁的奥运选手潘展乐以46.40秒的成绩创造了100米自由泳世界纪录，这也是2024年巴黎奥运会的首个游泳世界纪录。Olympian意为“奥林匹克运动员”为可数名词，句中用的单数，前用不定冠词修饰，19-year-old为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。 2．考查介词。句意：从出色的起点开始，潘展乐就一直将目标锁定，一路领先，最终以整整一秒的优势领先于获得银牌的澳大利亚选手凯尔·查默斯，随后是获得铜牌的罗马尼亚选手大卫·波波维奇。此处是固定搭配：ahead of意为“在……的前面”。故填of。 3．考查定语从句。句意：从出色的起点开始，潘展乐就一直将目标锁定，一路领先，最终以整整一秒的优势领先于获得银牌的澳大利亚选手凯尔·查默斯，随后是获得铜牌的罗马尼亚选手大卫·波波维奇。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Kyle Chalmers，在从句中作主语，指人，用who引导。故填who。 4．考查名词。句意：一个令人难以置信的时刻随之而来，选手们抬头看着时钟，看到潘的时间，并开始鼓掌。本句是as引导的时间状语从句，空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据句意，此处应是competitor意为“参赛者”符合语境，为可数名词，此处用复数形式。故填competitors。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个令人难以置信的时刻随之而来，选手们抬头看着时钟，看到潘的时间，并开始鼓掌。此处是固定搭配：begin doing意为“开始做某事”。故填applauding。 6．考查名词。句意：潘对媒体说：“比赛前我感到压力很大，因为我的很多队友表现不佳，没有赢得他们想要的奖牌。”空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，perform的名词形式是performance为可数名词，根据teammates可知，用复数形式。故填performances。 7．考查副词。句意：实际上，我没想到今天会打破纪录。空处修饰前面整个句子，用副词修饰。故填actually。 8．考查动词时态。句意：这位19岁的运动员说，由于兴奋剂检测一直持续到凌晨，他在决赛前睡得很少。本句是that引导的宾语从句，sleep作从句谓语，根据said可知，用一般过去时。故填slept。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决心取得最好的成绩。空前的to是介词，所以空处应填动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。 10．考查形容词。句意：最后我很惊讶我打破了世界纪录，这是值得的。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，reward的形容词形式是rewarding意为“值得做的”符合语境。故填rewarding。 五、应用文写作（24-25高二陕西阳泉期中考试） 假定你是校英语报主编李华，你发现随着信息技术的发展，“电子书（e-books）”成为时尚， 高中生阅读纸质媒体（print media）的热情逐步减少，请你写一篇英语短文，发表个人观点并说明理由，呼吁高中生培养健康有效的阅读方式。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Embracing the Magic of Print Media As the digital revolution sweeps through our lives, the appeal of screens and the convenience of online content have quietly caused print media to lose its charm. Peeking into our library, we’ll see newspapers gathering dust, like long-forgotten friends. However, print media offers a unique reading experience. It encourages a slower and more reflective reading process, allowing readers to digest information more thoroughly. Besides, it endows readers with the feel of the pages, the ink smell, and the freedom to flip through pages at our own pace, which offers us an escape into another world and a deeper dive into knowledge. Therefore, let’s bring back the joy of turning pages! Together, we can foster a culture of curiosity and lifelong learning that over weighs digital screens. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“电子书”成为时尚， 高中生阅读纸质媒体的热情逐步减少的现象发表个人观点并说明理由，呼吁高中生培养健康有效的阅读方式。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：offer→provide 此外：besides→what’s more 因此：therefore→as a result 培养：foster→develop 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Peeking into our library, we’ll see newspapers gathering dust, like long-forgotten friends. 拓展句：If we peek into our library, we’ll see newspapers gathering dust, like long-forgotten friends. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It encourages a slower and more reflective reading process, allowing readers to digest information more thoroughly.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Besides, it endows readers with the feel of the pages, the ink smell, and the freedom to flip through pages at our own pace, which offers us an escape into another world and a deeper dive into knowledge.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年上学期高二英语期末复习讲练（外研版2019） 选择性必修一 Unit 5 基础练 一、根据语境写出句子中黑体单词的汉语意思 1. To many people, technology means computers, hand­held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.　 2. John suspected that his theory was correct but he needed evidence. 3. The program would generate a lot of new jobs to the long­term jobless. 4. Scientists wonder whether there is a link between the two species. 5. "It's no disgrace to be colored," the black entertainer Bert Williams famously observed early in the century, "but it is awfully inconvenient." 6. We based our analysis on a random sample of more than 200 males. 7. Her Chinese friends referred to the empress as their venerable ancestor. 8. Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 9. We shouldn't blame ourselves for what happened. 10. Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals. 二、词形转换 1． adj.遥远的；远处的→ n．距离；远处 2． v．进化→ n．进化(论) 3． v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→ adj.可疑的→ n．怀疑，嫌疑 4． v．产生，创造→ n．产生；代；一代人→ n．生产者；发电机 5． n．传说，传奇(故事)→ adj.传说的；非常著名的 6． v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→ n．发现，察觉；侦查→________ n．侦探 7. adj. 原始的，低等的→ adv. 原始地，最初地 三、重点短语 1. 响应号召 2. 首先 3. 有史以来 4. 被提及的 5. 挤满 6. 产生 7. 适应 8. 各种各样的 9. as well as 10. tiny amounts of 11. drive away 12. make noises 13. after all 14. get attacked by 15. a call for help 四、重点句式 1．强调句型 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species，but ________________________________(最令他感兴趣的是鸟类)． 2．“It seems/seemed (that)．..”意为“看起来/似乎是……” _________________________________(似乎是它们的喙已经进化) according to what food was available on that particular island. 3．“not...until...”意为“直到……才……” ________________________________(它直到1859年才出版) and immediately caused a storm. 4．“so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” But Darwin's scientific studies were (如此具有说服力以至于)more and more people started to believe his theory. 5．sb./sth.be＋过去分词＋to do... Alexander the Great and Marco Polo (据说曾见过) such a tree in India. 6．with复合结构 __________________________(我们一直认为) that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all. 7．it作形式主语 ______________________________(人们知道……已经有一段时间了) plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 8．the way＋定语从句 Scientists are learning more every day about (植物相互交流的秘密方式)． 提高练 一、阅读理解 A（24-25高二河南洛阳期中考试） Weather researchers are using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to improve existing weather prediction methods. But, experts say the AI tools currently face limitations and should be used along with traditional prediction methods to be most effective. AI systems trained to predict, or forecast weather events are now being used by many government agencies and organizations worldwide. Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods. One weather predicting system that has shown promise is the Google-financed GraphCast method. This machine learning-based system trains directly on weather data that has already been collected and examined. Such methods have demonstrated an ability to outperform traditional forecasting systems. The system works by combining past weather predictions with modern forecasting models to provide the most complete picture of weather and climate. In Europe, the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has been using AI prediction tools since January. The organization provides detailed weather forecasts four times per day to nations across Europe. The ECMWF technology is called the Artificial Intelligence/ Integrated Forecasting System(AIFS). The group describes the system as a“data-driven” forecasting model. It is designed to make many predietions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves. AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding. But while the predictions were right, destruction caused by the flooding could not be avoided. Experts told Reuters this is largely because it is still difficult to gather and fully utilize (利用) some collected weather data. In addition, there is a need to strengthen and improve currentAI models used to predict weather. Andrew Charlton-Perez is a professor of meteorology— the scientific study of weather processes— at the University of Reading in Britain. He told Reuters, “In some cases, AI models can beat physics-based models, but in other cases vice versa (反之亦然).” Charlton- Perez said he thinks the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools. This, he noted, could utilize AI data to produce weather predictions based on large sets of information collected from different sources. 1．What’s the advantage of AI weather predicting system? A．It provides detailed weather forecasts frequently. B．It can avoid extreme events including heatwaves. C．It can predict weather conditions faster at a low cost. D．It is used in all walks of life without limitations. 2．What is the purpose of AIFS? A．To avoid national floods. B．To forecast disaster destruction. C．To provide timely data. D．To predict weather events quickly. 3．What can we know about the prediction of AI-data from the ECMWF? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s precise. C．It’s much easier. D．It’s worldwide. 4．How can AI improve the weather forecast? A．By combining AI with traditional methods. B．By using AI prediction tools collectively. C．By making use of Google Graph Cast method. D．By gathering a lot of current weather data. B（24-25高二山东菏泽期中考试） Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn’t reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 5．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method? A．It is good. B．It is simple. C．It is popular. D．It is creative. 6．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Care. B．Hope. C．Humor. D．Silence. 7．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By spending more time with their teens. B．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts. D．By expressing agreement on what whatever ever their teens say. 8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Life. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Education. 二、七选五（24-25四川内江期中考试） Making good eye contact is a surprisingly difficult yet important part of good communication skills. If you want to improve your ability to look people in the eye, you can practice making eye contact on your own to give the right impression in conversations. 1 Try to relax as much as possible. The more you think about what you’re doing, the more awkward you’ll feel. Your nervousness can then be misinterpreted as dishonesty. 2 If you’re going into an important meeting or interview, do some breathing exercises. A few big, full, deep breaths can do a lot to calm you down. 3 It’s actually physically somewhat difficult to keep your eyes locked on both of another person’s eyes. It’s more common to focus on one, or on a spot on the face, rather than trying to look at both eyes at once. If it helps, try moving back and forth between the two eyes. Break your gaze (凝视) to make other gestures while listening. 4 This looks natural as well as providing you with a needed break if necessary. Try to keep your eyes focused while you talk as well as listen. It’s one thing to look while you’re listening. 5 Don’t be afraid if you have to break your gaze occasionally, but try to keep your face and eyes forward and up as you’re talking. A．Focus on one eye. B．Practice other good listening skills. C．So staying relaxed is of particular importance. D．Try to keep your eyes open as much as possible. E．Doing so can make you a better listener and a more effective speaker. F．It’s good to break eye contact when you’re laughing, or to nod and smile. G．But it’s more difficult to keep eye contact while you’re also trying to say something. 三、完形填空（24-25河北邢台期中考试） On a summer afternoon in 2009, I was driving to my hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with a friend. I was 23 years old and had just been forced to leave my apartment in Annapolis, Maryland. Feeling lost but 1 , I was determined to find a place to stay back home. About an hour into the drive, my car suddenly 2 . To make matters worse, my cellphone was 3 because the electricity had been turned off in the apartment. Unable to 4 for help, my friend and I were stuck on the side of the road. 5 , the police arrived and helped tow (牵引) my 6 to a nearby mechanic. The news was depressing: the car needed major repairs — repairs that I had no money to 7 . Too far from Pittsburgh and unable to 8 to Annapolis, my friend and I felt desperate. As we sat there, unsure of what to do next, a woman in the waiting room 9 us. She introduced herself as Toni and after knowing our situation, she 10 to take us to Pittsburgh. There was just one 11 — she needed to drive home first to fix food and water for her cats. Toni took us to her house, where she welcomed us warmly. She served us 12 , let us relax, and even had us watch Young Frankenstein together. We spent the night there, and in the morning, she 13 us all the way to Pittsburgh. Thanks to her, I found a homeless shelter and began rebuilding my life. I never saw Toni again, but I think of her often. It was a 14 time in my life, and without her 15 , I’m not sure where I’d be today. 1．A．skillful B．careful C．hopeful D．thankful 2．A．broke down B．settled down C．broke out D．set out 3．A．rare B．cheap C．smart D．dead 4．A．care B．call C．stand D．speak 5．A．Apparently B．Constantly C．Ultimately D．Occasionally 6．A．house B．device C．vehicle D．coach 7．A．cover B．waste C．borrow D．refund 8．A．return B．apply C．relate D．appeal 9．A．estimated B．disturbed C．persuaded D．approached 10．A．needed B．offered C．learned D．managed 11．A．solution B．tradition C．position D．condition 12．A．breakfast B．lunch C．dinner D．picnic 13．A．drove B．walked C．shipped D．flew 14．A．secure B．quiet C．brief D．tough 15．A．calmness B．kindness C．awareness D．gentleness 四、语法填空（24-25浙江期中考试） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Pan Zhanle, 1 19-year-old Olympian, has delivered a new 100m freestyle world record of 46. 40, the first swimming world record of the Olympic Games Paris 2024. Pan had it in his sights from his magnificent start, leading the field, and finished a whole second ahead 2 Australia’s Kyle Chalmers, 3 took silver, followed by Romania’s David Popovici in bronze - medal position . An incredible moment followed as the 4 (compete) looked up at the clock to see Pan’s time and began 5 (applaud). Pan’s new mark lowered his previous record, which he had set at the 2024 World Championships in the 4x100m freestyle relay, by a full four-tenths of a second. His gold-medal victory also represents a first-ever medal for China in the 100m freestyle. Pan told the media, “I felt enormous pressure before the race because many of my teammates did not deliver good 6 (perform) and did not win the medals they were aiming for.” Pan said. “Today I did not expect to break the record 7 (actual). It’s a perfect result and it’s a vital step for me and the Chinese swimming team.” The 19-year-old said that he 8 (sleep) little before the final because of a doping test (药检) that ran into the early hours of the morning. “All the tests have not affected me much and I’m not annoyed by it. It’s a part of the rules. I committed myself to 9 (get) the best result. I was very surprised in the end that I broke the world record and it was 10 (reward).” he said. 五、应用文写作（24-25高二陕西阳泉期中考试） 假定你是校英语报主编李华，你发现随着信息技术的发展，“电子书（e-books）”成为时尚， 高中生阅读纸质媒体（print media）的热情逐步减少，请你写一篇英语短文，发表个人观点并说明理由，呼吁高中生培养健康有效的阅读方式。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$