专题04 动词时态和语态（将来进行时+过去完成时+过去完成时被动语态） 【语法串讲】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题04 动词时态和语态（将来进行时+过去完成时+过去完成时被动语态） Part 1 将来进行时 1. 定义：将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。 2. 基本结构：主语+will be/be going to be +doing I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。 I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。 3. 用法： （1）表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你会做什么？ When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时，我将在写报告。 （2）表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。 I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。 I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第二天早上。 （3）表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。 Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我将飞往孟买。 After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完药后，你会感觉好很多。 （4）表示委婉的请求。 When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候能再见面？ （5）表示原因。 Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 请明天下午过来。明天早上我将有一个会议。 （6）表示结果。 Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那个孩子，要不然他会摔跤的。 （7）表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测） My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我将结束工作，返回北京。 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空 1.He ________________(play) basketball at 5 tomorrow. 2.They _______________(go) on a trip next month. 3.I _______________ (read) a book this time tomorrow. 4.She _______________ (cook) dinner at 6 tonight. 5.We _______________(have)a meeting next week. 6.She _______________(dance) happily at the party tomorrow night. 7. Will you _______________ (have) dinner with us tomorrow? 8. He _______________ (give) a speech in the hall next Friday. 9. At 7 o'clock tomorrow morning, I _______________ (run) in the park. 10. They _______________ (talk) and laughing loudly at the concert tonight. 答案： 1.He will be playing (play) basketball at 5 tomorrow. 2.They will go(go) on a trip next month. 3.I will be reading (read) a book this time tomorrow. 4.She will be cooking (cook) dinner at 6 tonight. 5.We will have(have)a meeting next week. 6.She will be dancing(dance) happily at the party tomorrow night. 7. Will you be having/have (have) dinner with us tomorrow? 8. He will give (give) a speech in the hall next Friday. 9. At 7 o'clock tomorrow morning, I will be running (run) in the park. 10. They will be talking (talk) and laughing loudly at the concert tonight. Part 2 过去完成时 一、基本概念 在英语时态中,“时”指动作发生的时间,“态”指动作的样子和状态。过去完成时表示“在过去某一时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作或状态”。 二、基本结构 主动语态的基本结构: 1.肯定句:主语+had+done+其他. 2.否定句:主语+had+not+done+其他. 3.一般疑问句:Had+主语+done+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+had. 否定回答:No, 主语+hadn’t. 4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+done+其他? 被动语态的结构: 主语+had (not)+been+done+其他. 三、基本用法 1.表示“在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作或状态”,即“过去的过去”,可以用by,before等介词(短语)或一个时间状语从句来表示,如: By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到从宇宙飞船发来的200张图片。 2.表示“从过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态”,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。如: I had waited at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当一辆公共汽车终于到来时,我在公共汽车停靠站已等了20分钟。 3.先叙述过去发生的事情,在此之后追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。如: Mr Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 我已归还了我借的书。 4.过去完成时还常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。如: He said that he had known her well. 他说他很了解她。 5.用在状语从句中:描述在过去不同时间发生的两个动作,发生在前的,用过去完成时;发生在后的,用一般过去时。如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。如: When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。 6.过去完成时还可用在“hardly…when…”“no sooner…than…”scarcely...when.. “It was the first (second…) time (that)…”等固定句型中。如: No sooner had he arrived here than he went away again. 他刚到这儿就又走了。 四、语法区别 1.与现在完成时的区别: 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去的时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。如: I have learned 1,000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 I had learned 1,000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 2.与一般过去时的区别: 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。如: They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 【跟踪典例】 Ⅰ 单句填空 1.Yesterday she said that her lost key 　　　　　　　　　　(find).   2.I almost knew nothing about the subject, for I 　　　　　　　　(not study) my lesson attentively.   3.He said he 　　　　　　(work) in that factory since 1949.   4.I thought that the letter 　　　　　　(send) a week before.   5.She didn’t go back home until the work 　　　　　　　　　　(finish).   6.Hardly 　　　　　he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.   7.Robert 　　　　　　(want) to attend Peter’s birthday party, but an unexpected visitor ruined his plan.   8.It was the third time that he 　　　　　　(be) out of work that year.   9.We 　　　　　　(learn) over two thousand English words by the end of last term.   10.Six hundred trees 　　　　　　　　　　(plant) before last Wednesday.   11. Hardly ______________(he, get) into the room when the telephone rang. 12. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________(trap) in the mountains for tow days. ●Ⅱ 句型训练It was because the workers 　　　　　　　　_____________that they accomplished the task in half the time scheduled. 正是因为工人们被很好地组织了起来,所以他们用了计划时间的一半就完成了任务。 1. had been found【解析】主句是一般过去时 said，从句动作 “找到钥匙” 发生在主句动作之前，即过去的过去，且 key 和 find 之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 2. hadn't studied【解析】根据前半句的时态以及句意可知，此处描述过去某个时间之前没有认真学习功课，用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。 3. had been working【解析】主句是一般过去时 said，从句中有 since 1949（表示从过去某个时间一直持续到过去另一时间点），所以用过去完成进行时，表示过去一直在做某事。 4. had been sent【解析】主句是一般过去时 thought，从句动作 “寄信” 发生在主句动作之前，即过去的过去，且 letter 和 send 之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 5. had been finished【解析】主句是一般过去时 didn't go，从句动作 “完成工作” 发生在主句动作之前，是过去的过去，且 work 和 finish 之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 6. had【解析】Hardly...when... 是固定句型，意为 “一…… 就……”，主句用过去完成时，且部分倒装，所以填 had。 7. had wanted【解析】根据后面的 but an unexpected visitor ruined his plan 可知，“想参加聚会” 这个动作发生在计划被破坏之前，也就是过去的过去，用过去完成时。 8. had been【解析】It was the third time that... 句型中，that 从句常用过去完成时，表示到过去某个时间为止是第几次做某事。 9. had learned【解析】by the end of last term（到上学期末为止）表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。 10. had been planted【解析】before last Wednesday（在上周三之前）表示过去的过去，且 trees 和 plant 之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 11. had he got 【解析】Hardly...when... 句型中，主句用过去完成时且部分倒装，所以填 had he got。 12.had been trapped 【解析】根据主句时态 risked 可知，从句中 “被困在山里” 这个动作发生在主句动作之前，是过去的过去，且 tourists 和 trap 之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 Ⅱ 句型训练答案： It was because the workers had been well organized that they accomplished the task in half the time scheduled.   Part 3 过去完成时被动语态 1.结构：had been done（及物动词） 肯定句：主语+had been +done+其他 否定句：主语+had not been +done+其他 一般疑问句：Had+主语+been+done+其他？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+had+主语+been+done+其他？ The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. The classroom had not been cleaned before the teacher came. Had the room been cleaned before the teacher came? How many rooms had been cleaned before the teacher came? 2．过去完成时被动的用法 ①在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作，即某事已经被做。句中常有by, before，until,for/since等词。 By the end of the exhibition，nearly all the paintings had been sold out. The man had been trapped in the mountains for two days before the rescuer arrived. ②在 told，said，knew，heard，thought，reported等动词之后的宾语从句中。 The moderator reported a huge amount of money had been raised in the campaign. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. ③根据上下文语意能判断动作先后的被动语态 We had to leave his house because it had been flooded. 5,000 English words had been learnt when he entered the university at the age of 15. ④在条件状语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时。 If the preparation had been made better,I would have got a high score. 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空 1. By the time we arrived there, all the tickets____________(sell) out. 2. The forest____________(destroy) just before the law was passed. 3. The bridge____________(damage) several times by the enemy before it was finally built. 4. It was reported that the sale ____________(advertise) for several days. 5. If the new safety system_____________(put) to use,the accident would never have happened. 6. It was the third time that I _____(catch)reading fiction novel on class. 7. It was the first time she _________(allow) to meet the senior representative. 8. We were told all the tasks ______ (complete) by now. 9. The survivor________ (trap) in the river for four hours, so he looked pale and exhausted. 10. Much labor would have been saved if the electronic devices__________(invent) before. 11. Participants at the conference were grateful for the information that __________(provide) for them. 12. He began to lose his courage because every means__________(try) already. 答案： 1. had been sold。“by the time + 一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时，tickets 和 sell out 是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 2. had been destroyed。“just before the law was passed” 表明是过去的过去，森林和摧毁是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 3. had been damaged。“before it was finally built” 表示在过去某个动作之前，桥和损坏是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。 4. had been advertised。“for several days” 表明是一段时间，结合主句的一般过去时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 5. had been put。这是一个虚拟语气句子，根据 “would never have happened” 可知是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，system 和 put to use 是被动关系。 6. had been caught。“It was the third time that...” 句型中，从句用过去完成时，I 和 catch 是被动关系。 7. had been allowed。“It was the first time...” 句型中，从句用过去完成时，she 和 allow 是被动关系。 8. had been completed。“by now” 结合前面的 were told 可知是过去的过去，tasks 和 complete 是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。 9. had been trapped。“for four hours” 表示一段时间，结合后面的一般过去时，用过去完成时，survivor 和 trap 是被动关系。 10. had been invented。这是一个虚拟语气句子，对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，devices 和 invent 是被动关系。 11. had been provided。“were grateful” 是一般过去时，“that...” 引导的定语从句修饰 information，information 和 provide 是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。 12. had been tried。“because...” 引导原因状语从句，根据 began 可知是过去的过去，every means 和 try 是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$