专题01 过去完成时【考点串讲】2024-2025期高二末考点大串讲（北师大版2019）

专题01 过去完成时 01 品读语篇 初识语法 过去完成时 Last night, after I ① had finished supper, I went to the cinema with Xiao Ming. When we got to the cinema, the film② hadn't begun, but most of the audience had taken their seats. After the film began, the audience quieted down immediately. It was the first time that I ③ had seen this new type of film, so I watched it pretty attentively. This was the best film I had ever seen and I ④ hadn’t thought it would be so attractive. 1.铺灰处①和铺灰处②表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，句中常有after、before、when等引导的时间状语从句。 2.铺灰处③用于固定句型“It/This/That was the first/second/...time that...”,意为“这/那是第一/二……次…” 3.铺灰处④表示过去未曾实现的想法。 02 要义详析 探究语法 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。如何理解“过去的过去”呢？首先我们要确定一个过去的时间作为参照点，在这个过去的时间参照点之前的时间就是过去的过去。过去完成时由“助动词 had＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。主要构成：肯定句为“主语＋had＋(been) done”；否定句为“had＋not＋(been) done”；一般疑问句为“Had＋主语＋(been) done？”；特殊疑问句为“特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋(been) done？”。 (1)(教材P8)Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. 在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学课对我来说就是一门充满奇怪的词语的课程。 (2)(教材P9)I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. 我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作，但我热爱我所做的事情。 一、过去完成时的主要用法 (3)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 很高兴知道我帮助这个家庭重新团聚。 (4)She wished she had been admitted into a key university. 她希望她已经被一所重点大学录取。 (2)(3)句是从句的动作_____主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时；(1)句是与________引导的从句连用时，主句要用过去完成时；(4)句是对_____的情况进行假设时，从句要用过去完成时。　 先于 before 过去 1．过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 2．过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。此时多与already、 yet、 still、 just、 before、 never等时间副词及by、 before、 until等引导的短语或从句连用。 3．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。一般用在told、 said、 knew、 heard、 thought等动词后的宾语从句中。 4．表示过去未曾实现的想法。过去完成时除表示“过去的过去”外，还可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词有want、 think、 hope、 plan、 mean、 expect、 intend、 suppose等。 5．用于对过去进行假设的虚拟语气的从句中。 用所给动词的适当形式填空/完成句子 (1)By the end of the 1600s, “autumn” ___________________(introduce) into the English language. (2)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _______(have) it for a very long time. (3)He _________(hope) to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then. had been introduced had had had hoped (4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody __________(break) into the office during the night. (5)Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that he _____________(travel) abroad. (6)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ____________(receive) from China. (7)His carelessness cost him nearly all the money he _________(save). had broken had travelled had received had saved (8)我一到学校门口，就意识到把书落在咖啡馆了。 Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I _________________________． (9)已经完成作业的双胞胎被允许到外面打羽毛球。 The twins, who ___________________________,were allowed to play badminton outside. (10)他的表情说明他已经接受了邀请，他建议应该充分做准备。 His expression suggested that he ___________________________ and he suggested full preparations be made. had left my book in the café had finished their homework had accepted the invitation (1)I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived. 我刚入住酒店，他就到了。 (2)Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted by the audience. 他刚开始说话就被听众打断了。 (3)It was the third time that he had entered the house. 这是他第三次进这个房子。 二、过去完成时用于特殊句式 (1)(2)句是_____中用过去完成时；(3)句是_____中用过去完成时。　 主句 从句 1．在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”、“before...”、“no sooner...than...”等句式中，主句通常用过去完成时，而从句则通常用一般过去时。这类句式均表示“一……就……”。 2．在“This/That/It was the first (second...last、next) time/the only＋n./the＋形容词最高级＋n.＋that...”句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。 用所给动词的适当形式填空/完成句子 (1)It was the third time that he ________(tell) me to pay attention to my handwriting. (2)Hardly had I opened the door when he _____(cry) out my name. (3)No sooner ___ he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong. had told cried had (4)我一听到敲门声就打开了门。 Hardly _____________________ when I opened the door. (5)这是我在学校看过的最有趣的电影。 It was the most interesting film that I _________________________． had I heard the knock had watched in the school (1)I have learned 1，000 English words so far. 到现在为止，我已经学了1 000个英语单词了。 (2)I had learned 1，000 English words till then. 直到那时，我已经学了1 000个英语单词了。 三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 (3)—I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ——很抱歉让你久等了。 —Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. ——噢，一点也不。我到这里才几分钟。 (4)—John returned home yesterday. ——约翰昨天回家了。 —Where had he been? ——他曾去哪了？ (1)(3)句为__________；(2)(4)句为__________。　 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才能用到它；现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)Up to now, he ___________(star) in 5 famous films. (2)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________________(reach) so far by the two sides. (3)Mr Smith _________(live) in China for ten years so far. (4)By the time Mr Wang returned home from Beijing, his son's wedding _________(end). has starred has been reached has lived had ended (1)They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 到昨天十点为止，他们已经到达了车站。 (2)They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们在昨天十点到达车站。 四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (3)She was very happy and her whole family were pleased with her, too, because she had just won the first in the composition contest. 她非常高兴，而且她的全家对她也非常满意，因为她刚刚在作文比赛中得了第一名。 (4)He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，看了一份晚报。 (2)(4)句为__________；(1)(3)句为__________。　 一般过去时 过去完成时 虽然过去完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 2．在没有明确的过去的时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 3．当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before、 after、 as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)John ___________(plan) to make a compromise, but somehow he changed his mind at the last minute. (2)It was the first time that a serious problem __________(arise) in their project, so they had to consult Professor Yang. (3)I _____(ask) you not to move my dictionary this morning—now I can't find it. had planned had arisen asked (4)I returned the book yesterday afternoon, which I ________(keep) for half a month. (5)Martin _________(hope) to be able to come to see you, but he was ill yesterday. (6)He was happy because he ________(receive) the college admission letter. had kept had hoped received (7)In order to prevent the fire spreading, some of the houses nearby _______________(pull) down before the firemen arrived. (8)When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________(be) away for almost an hour. had been pulled had been 03 课堂微练 即时检验 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Just as I got home, I realised I ________(leave) my bag at school. 2．Sara __________(stay) in Wuhan for nearly forty days before she was allowed to leave. 3．Researchers were puzzled over the results, which were completely opposite to what they ____________(expect). had left had stayed had expected 4．—How long ___ they _______(know) each other before they ___(get) married? —For about a year. 5．It was the first time that he __________(cook) meal for his parents. 6．No sooner ___ she _____(begin) to sing a song than there was an instant sensation. 7．Emma was much disappointed to see the washing machine which she ____________(repair) went wrong again. had known got had cooked had begun had repaired 8．She asked me whether I ____________(return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. 9．By the time I got to school, the first play ________(be) on for nearly half an hour. 10．—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes. We ____________(treat) well by our hosts. 11．Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who ________________(cheat) of her money. 12．I _____________(finish) all my homework so far. had returned had been were treated had been cheated have finished Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．到上学期末我们已经学了三年英语了。 We ___________________________________ by the end of last term. 2．彼得十岁时已经收藏了300多枚中国邮票。 Peter __________________________________________ by the time he was ten. 3．当我们到家的时候，妈妈已经为我们准备好了饭菜。 When we got home, my mother ____________________________________． had studied English for three years had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps had already prepared the meal for us 4．截至昨晚9点，我们已经收到200多封观众的来信。 By nine o'clock last night，we __________________________________ from the audience. 5．这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。 It was the first time that _____________________________________． 6．我一把书拿回家就开始阅读，急于了解书中的情节。 Hardly _________________________ when I set about reading it, eager to know the plot. had received more than 200 letters I had taken part in an English speech contest had I taken the book home 专题01 过去完成时 Last night, after I ① had finished supper, I went to the cinema with Xiao Ming. When we got to the cinema, the film② hadn't begun, but most of the audience had taken their seats. After the film began, the audience quieted down immediately. It was the first time that I ③ had seen this new type of film, so I watched it pretty attentively. This was the best film I had ever seen and I ④ hadn’t thought it would be so attractive. 1.铺灰处①和铺灰处②表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，句中常有after、before、when等引导的时间状语从句。 2.铺灰处③用于固定句型“It/This/That was the first/second/...time that...”,意为“这/那是第一/二……次…” 3.铺灰处④表示过去未曾实现的想法。 精讲精练 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。如何理解“过去的过去”呢？首先我们要确定一个过去的时间作为参照点，在这个过去的时间参照点之前的时间就是过去的过去。过去完成时由“助动词 had＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。主要构成：肯定句为“主语＋had＋(been) done”；否定句为“had＋not＋(been) done”；一般疑问句为“Had＋主语＋(been) done？”；特殊疑问句为“特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋(been) done？”。 一、过去完成时的主要用法 [感悟经典] (1)(教材P8)Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. 在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学课对我来说就是一门充满奇怪的词语的课程。 (2)(教材P9)I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. 我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作，但我热爱我所做的事情。 (3)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 很高兴知道我帮助这个家庭重新团聚。 (4)She wished she had been admitted into a key university. 她希望她已经被一所重点大学录取。 [语法拾遗] (2)(3)句是从句的动作 主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时；(1)句是与 引导的从句连用时，主句要用过去完成时；(4)句是对 的情况进行假设时，从句要用过去完成时。　 过去完成时用法归纳 1．过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 2．过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。此时多与already、 yet、 still、 just、 before、 never等时间副词及by、 before、 until等引导的短语或从句连用。 3．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。一般用在told、 said、 knew、 heard、 thought等动词后的宾语从句中。 4．表示过去未曾实现的想法。过去完成时除表示“过去的过去”外，还可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词有want、 think、 hope、 plan、 mean、 expect、 intend、 suppose等。 5．用于对过去进行假设的虚拟语气的从句中。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空/完成句子 (1)By the end of the 1600s, “autumn” (introduce) into the English language. (2)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he (have) it for a very long time. (3)He (hope) to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then. (4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody (break) into the office during the night. (5)Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that he (travel) abroad. (6)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they (receive) from China. (7)His carelessness cost him nearly all the money he (save). (8)我一到学校门口，就意识到把书落在咖啡馆了。 Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ． (9)已经完成作业的双胞胎被允许到外面打羽毛球。 The twins, who were allowed to play badminton outside. (10)他的表情说明他已经接受了邀请，他建议应该充分做准备。 His expression suggested that he and he suggested full preparations be made. 二、过去完成时用于特殊句式 (1)I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived. 我刚入住酒店，他就到了。 (2)Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted by the audience. 他刚开始说话就被听众打断了。 (3)It was the third time that he had entered the house. 这是他第三次进这个房子。 [语法拾遗] (1)(2)句是 中用过去完成时；(3)句是 中用过去完成时。　 用法归纳 1．在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”、“before...”、“no sooner...than...”等句式中，主句通常用过去完成时，而从句则通常用一般过去时。这类句式均表示“一……就……”。 2．在“This/That/It was the first (second...last、next) time/the only＋n./the＋形容词最高级＋n.＋that...”句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空/完成句子 (1)It was the third time that he (tell) me to pay attention to my handwriting. (2)Hardly had I opened the door when he (cry) out my name. (3)No sooner he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong. (4)我一听到敲门声就打开了门。 Hardly when I opened the door. (5)这是我在学校看过的最有趣的电影。 It was the most interesting film that I ． 三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 (1)I have learned 1，000 English words so far. 到现在为止，我已经学了1 000个英语单词了。 (2)I had learned 1，000 English words till then. 直到那时，我已经学了1 000个英语单词了。 (3)—I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ——很抱歉让你久等了。 —Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. ——噢，一点也不。我到这里才几分钟。 (4)—John returned home yesterday. ——约翰昨天回家了。 —Where had he been? ——他曾去哪了？ [语法拾遗] (1)(3)句为 ；(2)(4)句为 。　 用法归纳 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才能用到它；现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)Up to now, he (star) in 5 famous films. (2)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides. (3)Mr Smith (live) in China for ten years so far. (4)By the time Mr Wang returned home from Beijing, his son's wedding (end). 四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1)They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 到昨天十点为止，他们已经到达了车站。 (2)They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们在昨天十点到达车站。 (3)She was very happy and her whole family were pleased with her, too, because she had just won the first in the composition contest. 她非常高兴，而且她的全家对她也非常满意，因为她刚刚在作文比赛中得了第一名。 (4)He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，看了一份晚报。 [语法拾遗] (2)(4)句为 ；(1)(3)句为 。　 用法归纳 虽然过去完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 2．在没有明确的过去的时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 3．当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before、 after、 as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)John (plan) to make a compromise, but somehow he changed his mind at the last minute. (2)It was the first time that a serious problem (arise) in their project, so they had to consult Professor Yang. (3)I (ask) you not to move my dictionary this morning—now I can't find it. (4)I returned the book yesterday afternoon, which I (keep) for half a month. (5)Martin (hope) to be able to come to see you, but he was ill yesterday. (6)He was happy because he (receive) the college admission letter. (7)In order to prevent the fire spreading, some of the houses nearby (pull) down before the firemen arrived. (8)When Jack arrived he learned Mary (be) away for almost an hour. 基础知识随堂练 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Just as I got home, I realised I (leave) my bag at school. 2．Sara (stay) in Wuhan for nearly forty days before she was allowed to leave. 3．Researchers were puzzled over the results, which were completely opposite to what they (expect). 4．—How long they (know) each other before they (get) married? —For about a year. 5．It was the first time that he (cook) meal for his parents. 6．No sooner she (begin) to sing a song than there was an instant sensation. 7．Emma was much disappointed to see the washing machine which she (repair) went wrong again. 8．She asked me whether I (return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. 9．By the time I got to school, the first play (be) on for nearly half an hour. 10．—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes. We (treat) well by our hosts. 11．Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who (cheat) of her money. 12．I (finish) all my homework so far. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．到上学期末我们已经学了三年英语了。 We by the end of last term. 2．彼得十岁时已经收藏了300多枚中国邮票。 Peter by the time he was ten. 3．当我们到家的时候，妈妈已经为我们准备好了饭菜。 When we got home, my mother ． 4．截至昨晚9点，我们已经收到200多封观众的来信。 By nine o'clock last night，we from the audience. 5．这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。 It was the first time that ． 6．我一把书拿回家就开始阅读，急于了解书中的情节。 Hardly when I set about reading it, eager to know the plot. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 过去完成时 Last night, after I ① had finished supper, I went to the cinema with Xiao Ming. When we got to the cinema, the film② hadn't begun, but most of the audience had taken their seats. After the film began, the audience quieted down immediately. It was the first time that I ③ had seen this new type of film, so I watched it pretty attentively. This was the best film I had ever seen and I ④ hadn’t thought it would be so attractive. 1.铺灰处①和铺灰处②表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，句中常有after、before、when等引导的时间状语从句。 2.铺灰处③用于固定句型“It/This/That was the first/second/...time that...”,意为“这/那是第一/二……次…” 3.铺灰处④表示过去未曾实现的想法。 精讲精练 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。如何理解“过去的过去”呢？首先我们要确定一个过去的时间作为参照点，在这个过去的时间参照点之前的时间就是过去的过去。过去完成时由“助动词 had＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。主要构成：肯定句为“主语＋had＋(been) done”；否定句为“had＋not＋(been) done”；一般疑问句为“Had＋主语＋(been) done？”；特殊疑问句为“特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋(been) done？”。 一、过去完成时的主要用法 [感悟经典] (1)(教材P8)Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. 在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学课对我来说就是一门充满奇怪的词语的课程。 (2)(教材P9)I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. 我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作，但我热爱我所做的事情。 (3)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 很高兴知道我帮助这个家庭重新团聚。 (4)She wished she had been admitted into a key university. 她希望她已经被一所重点大学录取。 [语法拾遗] (2)(3)句是从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时；(1)句是与before引导的从句连用时，主句要用过去完成时；(4)句是对过去的情况进行假设时，从句要用过去完成时。　 过去完成时用法归纳 1．过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 2．过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。此时多与already、 yet、 still、 just、 before、 never等时间副词及by、 before、 until等引导的短语或从句连用。 3．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。一般用在told、 said、 knew、 heard、 thought等动词后的宾语从句中。 4．表示过去未曾实现的想法。过去完成时除表示“过去的过去”外，还可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词有want、 think、 hope、 plan、 mean、 expect、 intend、 suppose等。 5．用于对过去进行假设的虚拟语气的从句中。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空/完成句子 (1)By the end of the 1600s, “autumn” had been introduced(introduce) into the English language. (2)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he had had(have) it for a very long time. (3)He had hoped(hope) to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then. (4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken(break) into the office during the night. (5)Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that he had travelled(travel) abroad. (6)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they had received(receive) from China. (7)His carelessness cost him nearly all the money he had saved(save). (8)我一到学校门口，就意识到把书落在咖啡馆了。 Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I had left my book in the café． (9)已经完成作业的双胞胎被允许到外面打羽毛球。 The twins, who had finished their homework, were allowed to play badminton outside. (10)他的表情说明他已经接受了邀请，他建议应该充分做准备。 His expression suggested that he had accepted the invitation and he suggested full preparations be made. 二、过去完成时用于特殊句式 (1)I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived. 我刚入住酒店，他就到了。 (2)Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted by the audience. 他刚开始说话就被听众打断了。 (3)It was the third time that he had entered the house. 这是他第三次进这个房子。 [语法拾遗] (1)(2)句是主句中用过去完成时；(3)句是从句中用过去完成时。　 用法归纳 1．在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”、“before...”、“no sooner...than...”等句式中，主句通常用过去完成时，而从句则通常用一般过去时。这类句式均表示“一……就……”。 2．在“This/That/It was the first (second...last、next) time/the only＋n./the＋形容词最高级＋n.＋that...”句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空/完成句子 (1)It was the third time that he had told(tell) me to pay attention to my handwriting. (2)Hardly had I opened the door when he cried(cry) out my name. (3)No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong. (4)我一听到敲门声就打开了门。 Hardly had I heard the knock when I opened the door. (5)这是我在学校看过的最有趣的电影。 It was the most interesting film that I had watched in the school． 三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 (1)I have learned 1，000 English words so far. 到现在为止，我已经学了1 000个英语单词了。 (2)I had learned 1，000 English words till then. 直到那时，我已经学了1 000个英语单词了。 (3)—I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ——很抱歉让你久等了。 —Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. ——噢，一点也不。我到这里才几分钟。 (4)—John returned home yesterday. ——约翰昨天回家了。 —Where had he been? ——他曾去哪了？ [语法拾遗] (1)(3)句为现在完成时；(2)(4)句为过去完成时。　 用法归纳 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才能用到它；现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)Up to now, he has starred(star) in 5 famous films. (2)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides. (3)Mr Smith has lived(live) in China for ten years so far. (4)By the time Mr Wang returned home from Beijing, his son's wedding had ended(end). 四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1)They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 到昨天十点为止，他们已经到达了车站。 (2)They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们在昨天十点到达车站。 (3)She was very happy and her whole family were pleased with her, too, because she had just won the first in the composition contest. 她非常高兴，而且她的全家对她也非常满意，因为她刚刚在作文比赛中得了第一名。 (4)He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，看了一份晚报。 [语法拾遗] (2)(4)句为一般过去时；(1)(3)句为过去完成时。　 用法归纳 虽然过去完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 2．在没有明确的过去的时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 3．当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before、 after、 as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。 [应用内化] 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)John had planned(plan) to make a compromise, but somehow he changed his mind at the last minute. (2)It was the first time that a serious problem had arisen(arise) in their project, so they had to consult Professor Yang. (3)I asked(ask) you not to move my dictionary this morning—now I can't find it. (4)I returned the book yesterday afternoon, which I had kept(keep) for half a month. (5)Martin had hoped(hope) to be able to come to see you, but he was ill yesterday. (6)He was happy because he received(receive) the college admission letter. (7)In order to prevent the fire spreading, some of the houses nearby had been pulled(pull) down before the firemen arrived. (8)When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been(be) away for almost an hour. 基础知识随堂练 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Just as I got home, I realised I had left(leave) my bag at school. 2．Sara had stayed(stay) in Wuhan for nearly forty days before she was allowed to leave. 3．Researchers were puzzled over the results, which were completely opposite to what they had expected(expect). 4．—How long had they known(know) each other before they got(get) married? —For about a year. 5．It was the first time that he had cooked(cook) meal for his parents. 6．No sooner had she begun(begin) to sing a song than there was an instant sensation. 7．Emma was much disappointed to see the washing machine which she had repaired(repair) went wrong again. 8．She asked me whether I had returned(return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. 9．By the time I got to school, the first play had been(be) on for nearly half an hour. 10．—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes. We were treated(treat) well by our hosts. 11．Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated(cheat) of her money. 12．I have finished(finish) all my homework so far. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．到上学期末我们已经学了三年英语了。 We had studied English for three years by the end of last term. 2．彼得十岁时已经收藏了300多枚中国邮票。 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 3．当我们到家的时候，妈妈已经为我们准备好了饭菜。 When we got home, my mother had already prepared the meal for us． 4．截至昨晚9点，我们已经收到200多封观众的来信。 By nine o'clock last night，we had received more than 200 letters from the audience. 5．这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。 It was the first time that I had taken part in an English speech contest． 6．我一把书拿回家就开始阅读，急于了解书中的情节。 Hardly had I taken the book home when I set about reading it, eager to know the plot. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$