专题03 Unit5 +Unit1 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019选择性必修第一册+第二册）

专题03Unit5 Working the Land +Unit1 Science and Scientists Unit5 Working the Land重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型 XB1U5重点单词变形 1.devote. v. 把…用于;献身;致力;专心 →devotion n奉献；忠诚；专心 →devoted adj 忠诚的 2.shortage：n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → short adj. 短的 →shorten：v. 缩短 3.boost v. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 →近义： enhance；elevate；stimulate 4.convince v 使信服 → convinced adj. 确信的，深信的 → convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 5. character n. ①特点，特色 ②文字 ③ 人物;角色 → characteristic ① n. 特征;特点;品质② adj. 典型的;独特的 6.conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 → convention n. 习俗；集会；公约，协定；（文学、艺术上的）传统手法，传统风 7. assumption n.假定；承担；获得 → assume v.假定；设想；承担；假装 8. overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜（overcame ；overcome） → 近义词：defeat；surmount 9. output n. 产量；输出；输出量 v. 输出 （output ；output）→ input n. 投入，输进 10. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → intensity n. 强烈；强度 11. attain v. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 → attainable：adj. 可达到的；可获得的 12. estimate v. /n.估计；估价；估算 → estimation n. 评价；估计 → overestimate v/ n 高估 13.tackle v. 解决；应付（局面）；处理 →同义：handle；address短语：deal with =cope with 处理；应付 14. generate v. 产生；引起 → generation n 产生；代 →generator n 发电机 15. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 → visual adj. 视觉的；视力的 16. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 → salt n. 盐 17. expand v扩大；增加；扩展；发展（业务）→ expansion n扩展；膨胀 18. domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 → domestically adv. 本国地；国内地 19. consumption n消耗；消耗量；消费 → consume v消费；消耗 →consumer消费者 20. contain v包括；包含；由……组成 →container n容器 21. reality n现实；实际情况；事实 →real adj真的；真实的→really adv真实地；事实上非 22. urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的 →suburban adj.郊区的;市郊的 →rural adj.乡村的;农村的。 23. extension n. 延伸;扩大; 电话分机 → extend vt.使伸长,延长 24. chemical adj.与化学有关的 n.化学制品;化学品 →chemistry n.化学→ chemist n 化学家 25. nutritional adj.营养(物)的 → nutrition n.营养;滋养 → nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 → nutrient n 营养物质 → nutritionist n营养学家 26. bacterium n. → (pl. bacteria) 细菌→datum - data数据 →medium - media媒介 27. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 →同义：ease、relieve、lessen 28. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 →mine ①pron 我的② n 矿井；矿③v开矿，采矿→ miner n矿工 29. grocery n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货 → store/shop n商店 →supermarket n大型超市 30. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的；广泛的 31. digest v ①消化 ②领会;领悟n 摘要；概要；文摘 → digestion n 消化；领悟 → digestible adj 易消化的；可理解的 32. essential ①adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 ②n.必需品 →essentially adv 本质上；基本上 33. alternative ①n.可供选择的事物 ②adj.可供替代的;非传统的 →alternatively adv 本质上;基本上二者择一地;或者 34. root n.根;根茎;根部;根源v （使）生根 → rooted adj 根深蒂固的 35. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 → organ n. 器官；机构；管风琴 36. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 →pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 37. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 →poor adj.贫穷的；贫寒的 38. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) → deep adj. 深的；→deepen v.(使)变深；加深 39. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 → entire adj. 完全的;全部的二、单句语法填空 XB1U5词组 1.take / go on a rail journey来一场火车之旅 2.range from ... to ... 从...到...变化，包括（从...到...）之间的各类事物 3.on the Atlantic coast 在大西洋海岸 4.rather than 而不是 5.all the way 一路上 6.by rail 乘坐火车 7.start out 出发 8.be typical of sth 是...的典型代表 9.take a boat ride 乘船 10.look out over the city 俯瞰城市 11.take a pleasant hike 愉快的徒步旅行 12.pass through 穿过 13.take one’s breath away 令人惊叹 14.a coach bound north 开往北方的长途汽车 15. in addition to sth 除...之外（还） 16.mountain peaks 山峰 17.oil and gas drilling industry 油气开采业 18.freezing cold 极冷的，冻僵的（freeze - froze - frozen） 19.be home to sth 是...的家乡 20.in fact 实际上，事实上 21.anticipate doing sth 预料做某事 22.a bunch of 一束，一串，一群 23.wake up 醒来（wake - woke - woken） 24.thunder on 轰鸣向前 25.rolling hills 起伏的群山 26.pull back the curtains / draw the curtains 拉开窗帘 27.on the southern border 在南部边境 28.all in all 总之 29.take a duration of 4 days 历时4天 30.be impressed by sth 对...印象深刻 31.date back to... 追溯到... 32.be unique to sth 为...所独有 33.enroll in sth 报名参加... 34.a massive amount of money大笔的钱 35.a plane bound for Toronto 一架开往多伦多的飞机 36.make a living 谋生 37.be satisfied with 对...满意 38.an experience of a lifetime 一生难忘的经历 39.compare... with...将...与...比较 40.Words fail me 无法用语言表达 41.kill time 消磨时间 42.You name it. 凡你能说得出的，应有尽有的 43.contrary to sth 与...相反 44.proceed to sth 继续... 45.go on a tour of sth 游览... 46.in the distance 在远处，在远方 47.be available for dinner 有空用餐 48.over dinner 用餐期间 49.chat with sb 与某人聊天 （chat - chatted） 50.in contrast to sth 与...形成对比 51.be close to sth 与...靠近/邻近 52.owe it to oneself that... 认为自己应该... 53.dream of sth 梦见，梦想 XB1U5重点句型 1.Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车，而不是一路乘坐商业航班。 2.Despite the weather，they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay，and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. 尽管天气(不佳)，她们仍然泛舟驶入海湾，接着游览了一座岛屿。岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工艺品和古董。 3.The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies. 次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。 4.Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。 5.Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. 望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。 6.They went through two wheat-growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area. 她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，在那里看到一片片广阔的农场。 7. ... there was frost on the ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada. 地面盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。 8.It was not until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. 直到上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。 9.Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。 10.They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent. 她们惊奇地发现所有的标示牌和广告都是用法文写的，而且许多人说英语都有口音。 11.Should the opportunity arise, I’d love to go to Canada. 如果有机会，我想去加拿大。 XB1U5重点词汇 1. P50 Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. ◆devote vt. 把…献给…, 奉献；把…专用于; 专心于 devoted adj. 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的 devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；关爱；专心 devote one’s time/energy/life to…将时间/精力/生命献给… be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于,专心于that/those 表指代。that 用来指代“同名异物”的可数名词或不可数名词；those则指代可数名词复数。 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1). He continued his work there for almost 50 years, ______________________(把一生都献给了他的研究工作). 2). _______________________(完全专注于实验)，Professor Li wasn’t aware of the weather change at all. 3). The book you bought yesterday cost less than _____________ I had bought before. 4). The bikes made in China are as good as ____________ made in USA. 答案：1). Devoting his life to his research work 2) Devoted to the experiment 3) that 4) those 2. P50 However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. ◆what concerned him most was that…此句中，what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。 ◆shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺 shorten v. 缩短；减少；变短 (have) a shortage of=be/run/go short of=lack=lack for=be lacking in 缺乏；短缺 lack of (lack为名词) 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 1)漫长而炎热的夏季已经导致严重的用水短缺。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2)由于缺乏经验，我们无法顺利完成这个任务。 3)_______________________________(缺乏) well-qualified teachers of foreign languages here, especially of French and Japanese. 4). 让我最惊讶的是Tom居然通过了这么难的考试. __________________________________________________________ 答案：1) The long and hot summer has led to a serious water shortage/a serious shortage of water. 2) Short of/Lacking/Lacking in experience, we failed to/couldn’t/were unable to finish the task smoothly.=For lack of/Due to the lack of/shortage of experience, 3). There’s a shortage of 4) What surprises me most is that Tom should pass such a challenging exam. 3. P50 To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. ◆tackle vt. 应付；处理；解决 tackle the problem处理问题 tackle sb. about sth. 与某人交涉某事 拓展：处理：deal with; do with; cope with, handle; solve; settle; dispose; work out; figure out; 【跟踪典例】完成句子 1)无论这个问题有都难，我都会想方设法把它解决了。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2)我毫不费劲就解决了此次危机。 _____________________________________________ 3) If Bill is late again, _______________________________________________________(我得和他谈谈了). 答案：1). No matter how hard the problem is, I will do whatever I can to tackle it. 2). I had no difficulty tackling this crisis./I tackled this crisis without any difficulty/without effort. 3.). I’ll tackle him about it. 4. P50 Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. ◆convince v. 使确信；使相信；说服 convinced adj. 确信的 convincing adj. 令人信服的 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 be convinced of sth./that… 确信某事 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1)我坚信，只要坚持努力，你一定能有所进步。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2)在申请这份工作的时候，你首先必须让他们相信你对这份工作的热情。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 3). This is the most _______________(convince) evidence that I can find to prove my point. 答案：1). I’m convinced that as long as you make your effort, you’re sure to make progress sooner or later. 2). When applying for the job, you first should convince them of your enthusiasm about it. 3). convincing 5. P50 The common assumption then was that it could not be done. ◆assumption n. 假定；设想；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得 assume v. 假设 make assumptions about 对…做出假设 on the assumption (that…) 假设，假定… It is assumed that…据认为… （It is thought that…）assuming (that)… 假设/假定 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1)We are working on the ________________(assume) that everyone invited will turn up. 2)人们普遍认为，紧张是工作过度所致。___________________________________________________ 3)假设这份工作提前完成，下一步我们做什么? ___________________________________________________ 答案：1). assumption 2). It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 3). Assuming/Given that the work will be finished ahead of time, what should we do next? 6.P51 Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. ◆given that… 假定，如果; 考虑到，鉴于 类似用法有：assuming (that), supposed/supposing (that), provided/providing (that), considering (that)等 (live) a life of leisure=live a leisurely life (live a/an adj. life) 过悠闲的生活 【跟踪典例】完成句子 1)考虑到你的车子很旧了，它的状况已经很好了。_______________________________________________________________________________ 2)退休之后，我爷爷奶奶在乡下过着悠闲的生活。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1). Given/Considering how old your car is, it is in very good condition. 2). After retirement, my grandparents live a life of leisure in the countryside. 7. P50 Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be sued for farming in 1974. ◆through intense effort 通过极大的努力 through tireless/great/joint efforts 通过不懈的/极大的/共同的努力 overcome vt. 克服；战胜 overcome—overcame—overcome be overcome by… 被…困扰 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1)克服重重困难，袁隆平终于实现了他的梦想。 ____________________________________________________________ 2)受情绪困扰, 她发现自己无法说话。 ____________________________________________________________ 3)There are lot of obstacles __________________(overcome) before the contract can be signed. 答案：1). Having overcome many difficulties, Yuan Longping eventually fulfilled/achieved/realized his dream. 2). Overcome by emotion, she found herself unable to speak. 3). to overcome 8. P50 This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. ◆enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 expand v. 增加；扩展；详述 expansion n. 扩大，扩张 expand to…扩展到… expand/broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1). 扩大词汇量有利于你进一步提高英语。 2). _____________(give) the necessary investment, this region is perfect for economic _____________(expand). 3). 正在扩建的机场将配备最先进的设备。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1). Expanding your vocabulary is beneficial/of benefit to further improve your English. 2). Given, expansion 3) The airport being expanded will be equipped/stocked with the most advanced equipment. 9. P50-51 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and … ◆ it is estimated that…据估计 （复习it is done that…句式） at a rough estimate 粗略算来 estimate vt. 估计；估价 n. 估价；估算 estimated adj. 估计的；估算的 be comprised of 由…组成（consist of; be made up of; be composed of） 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1). 据估计成千上万的动物在此次森林大火中丧生。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2)粗略估计，这项工程需要花费至少三年的时间。_______________________________________________________________________________ 3). 我们班由28名男生 5名女生组成。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1). It is estimated that millions of animals lost their lives in the forest fire. 2). At a rough estimate, it will take three years to finish the project. 3). Our class is comprised of 28 boy students and 5 girl students. 10.P51 His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly… ◆reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实 become a reality=come true 成为现实 escape from reality 逃避现实 in reality=in fact=as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上 turn…into reality 把…变成现实 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1). 只有树立起信心，我们才能在压力之下把梦想变成现实。 ____________________________________________________________________ 2). 他看起来很老实，但实际上并非如此。 ____________________________________________________________________ 答案：1). Only by building up self-confidence, can we turn dream into reality under pressure. 2). He looks honesty, but in reality, it is not the case. 11. P55 This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. ◆in turn 相应地；依次；轮流；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替 take turns to do…/(in) doing sth. 轮流做某事 it is one’s turn to do …轮到某人做某事。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 1).今天轮到你值日了。___________________________________________________________________ 2). 妈妈病了，我和哥哥轮流照顾她。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3). 轮到我发言的时候，我突然失去了自信。 _________________________________________, my confidence suddenly deserted/abandoned me. 答案：1). It’s your turn to be on duty. 2). My mother was ill, so my brother and I took care of her in turn/took turns to take care of her. 3). When it was my turn to speak 12. P55 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. ◆alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供选择的 have no alternative/choice/option but to do…/do nothing but do 只能做某事，除…之外别无选择 There’s no alternative but to do sth. 【跟踪典例】完成句子/单句语法填空 1)下大雨了，除了呆在家里之外我别无选择。 _____________________________________________ 2). 在四面楚歌的情况下，他发现除了放弃他的计划之外别无选择。 Finding himself under fire from all quarters,______________________________________________. 答案：1). It is raining heavily. I have no alternative but to stay at home. 2). he had no alternative but to give up his plan. Unit1 Science and Scientists 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型 XB2U1重点单词变形 1. severe adj.严重的，恶劣的→severely adv.严重地 2.frustrated adj.懊恼的，失意的→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的 →frustration n.懊恼，沮丧； 3.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的→contradict v.反驳，相互矛盾→contradiction n.反驳，矛盾 4.infect v.传染，污染，（某种感情或兴趣）影响→infection n.传染，感染→disinfection 消毒，杀菌 →infectious adj.传染性的，有感染力的→infected adj.受感染的，受污染的； 5. subscribe v.认购，定期订购→ subscription n.订购费，订阅 6. prove v.证明→ proof n.证据，证明 7. suspect v.猜想，怀疑，不信任；n.嫌疑犯→ suspected adj.有嫌疑的→ suspicious adj.感觉可疑的；持怀疑态度的→ suspicion n.怀疑 8.intervention n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.介入;干涉  9. pure adj.纯的，不惨杂质的，纯真的→ purely adv.纯粹地，仅仅，完全地→ purify v.使洁净，净化 10.substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→substance n.物质;物品;事实根据  11.decrease_v.减少→ increase（反）增加 12. transform v.使改观，转变→transformation n.改观，转变 13.initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初  14.mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→mechanic n.机械师;机械修理工  15. theory n.理论→ theoretical adj.理论上的 16. defend v.保卫，辩解→ defence n.防御，辩护→ defensive adj.防御的，防守的 17. assistant n.助理，助手→ assistance n.帮助，援助； 18. gifted adj.有天赋的，天资聪颖的→ gift n.礼物，恩赐，天赋，才能； 19.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadilyadv.平稳地;持续地  20. astronomy n.天文学→ astronomer n.天文学家 21. brilliant adj.聪明的→ brilliance n.聪明，才华 22. fault n.错误，责任，故障→ faulty adj.有故障的，有缺陷的→ faultless adj.完美的，无缺点的； 23. vivid adj.生动的，鲜明的，丰富的→ vividly adv.生动地，强烈地 XB2U1词组 1. scientific research科学研究 2. collect data 收集资料 3. analyse the results 分析结果 4. find supporting evidence 寻找有力证据 5. draw / arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion 得出结论 6. used to be 过去是 7. die from/of 死于…… 8. in times 经过一段时间之后;迟早;及时 9. rise to become ... 一跃成为 10. attend to 照料;处理;接待 11. give birth (to sb) 生孩子;生下（某人) 12. lose the desire to do sth 失去做某事的渴望 13. once and for all最终地;彻底地 14. in general 大体上;一般地 15. subscribe to同意;赞同 16. be determined / make up one's mind to do sth 决心做某事 17. be to blame (for sth) (对某事）负有责任 18. what is more 更为重要的是;更有甚者 19. lt seems (that) ... 似乎……;看样子…… 20. have sth done 让（他人）为你做（某事) 21. as a result of 由于;因为……- 22. stop in one's tracks (尤指因惊吓而）突然停下 23. a link between ... and ......和---之间的联系 24. be linked to / with 与……有关联/联系 25. raw waste 未经处理的废弃物 26. be more likely to do sth 更可能做某事 27. pure / boiled water 纯净水/开水 28. tireless efforts 不懈努力 29. substantial decrease 大幅降低 30. thanks to 幸亏;由于 31. lt is believed (that) ....人们认为…… 32. suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人（做）某事 33. heart disease 心脏病 34. prove a theory 证明理论 35. rather than / instead of 而不是;代替 36. make sense 有意义;讲得通 37. resistance to medicine 抗药能力 38. work on 致力于;从事于 39. take medicine 服药 40. side effect 副作用 41. initial stage period 初期 42. develop a vaccine 研发疫苗 43. lt seems as if / as though / like ...好像……;似乎…… 44. reduce the cost 降低成本 45. carry out / conduct / do research 进行研究 46. theoretical framework 理论框架 47. calm down （使）平静下来;（使)镇静下来 48. get down to doing sth 开始做某事;开始认真对待某事 49. at times 有时;间或 50. in a whisper 低声地 51. move around / about 四处走动 52. blood cells 血细胞 53. cast / throw a shadow 投下影子 54. in fact / effect / reality / practice 实际上;事实上 55. as soon as / the moment / the instant (that) —…就--… 56. have an impact /effect /influence on 对……有影响 57. be described as 被描述为…… 58. great scientific thought and scientific spirit 伟大科学思想和科学精神 59. an extremely well-respected man 极受尊敬的人 60. attend school 上学 61. break out （战争、疾病）突然开始爆发 62. make a decision 作出决定 63. switch to 转换;转向;转变 64. air force 空军 65. protect and defend the country 保卫国家 66. overcome difficulties 克服困难 67. receive a hero's welcome 受到英雄般的欢迎 68. in charge of 主管;掌管 69. discourage/ prevent/ stop/ keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 70. take on 接受（工作) ﹔呈现;雇用;承担（责任) 71. make missiles 制造导弹 72. under sb's leadership 在某人的领导下 73. launch the first man-made satellite 发射第一颗人造卫星 74. trace ... back to ... 把...追溯到.... 75. earn the name of 获得……的（美)名 76. be saddened by 对……-感到难过/伤心 77. be familiar with 熟悉…… 78. come down with 患（病)﹔染上(小病) 79. achieve / gain / acquire / win fame 获得名声 80. the origin of the universe 宇宙起源 81. stand up / rise to one's feet 站起身来 82. be willing to do sth 乐意﹔愿意做某事 83. be afraid / scared / frightened to do sth .害怕做某事 84. dream of / about (doing) sth 梦想（做）某事 85. above all 最重要的是;尤其是 86. personal qualities 个人品质 87. statistical analysis 统计分析 88. settle the conflict 解决冲突 89. think outside the box 跳出框框思考;不拘一格地思考 90. a vivid imagination 丰富的想象力 91. be gifted with 天生具有…·… 92. solve /settle /resolve /overcome a problem解决问题 93. have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事 94. come up with 想出;想到 95. at first / in the beginning 起初;起先 96. serve as 充当;担当 97. suffer from 遭受;患……病 XB2U1重点句型 1. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.（定语从句） 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。 2. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (have +宾语+宾补) 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵的水,所以她每天都让人把水送到她家。 3. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.（表语从句） 真相是宽街水泵抽出来的水被废弃物污染了。 4. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. （定语从句+比较级） 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。 5. Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.（同位语从句+强调句型） 许多科学家都认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。 6. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.（what引导的主语从句） 然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 7. Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did.（宾语从句） 除了才华横溢外，他还很勇敢，尽管有时说话或做事（言行举止）比较随意。 8. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. （what引导的宾语从句） 他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 XB2U1 重点词汇 1. infection　n. 感染；传染 ◆(1)prevent infection防止感染 skin infection 皮肤感染 (2)infect vt.使感染；传染 (3)infected adj. 感染的 be infected with/by被感染 (4)infectious adj. 传染性的 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is a virus that _________________ (infect) word processing documents recently. ②Her cheerful spirits and laughter __________________ (infect) the whole class yesterday. ③Measles is ________________________ that causes deaths, but is fully preventable by vaccination. 麻疹是一种传染性很强的疾病，会造成死亡，但通过接种疫苗是完全可以预防的。 【写美】句型转换(把句②改为强调句) ④______________________________________________________________________ 2. subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) ◆(1)subscribe to 同意；赞同 subscribe for认购(股份) subscribe ... to ...把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上 (2)subscriber n.订阅者 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Most scientists subscribe _____ the view that the earth is becoming warmer because of human activities. ②Each employee may __________________ up to $2，000 worth of shares. 每个雇员可以认购价值不超过2，000美元的股票。 3. suspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ◆suspect sb of doing/having done sth 怀疑某人做过某事 suspect sb/sth to be ...怀疑某人/某物是…… 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What made you suspect her ____________________________________ having taken the money? ②Judging from his abnormal behaviour_____________________________________________. 从他不正常的行为来判断，我怀疑他是个小偷。 ③______________________________________________he walked right into the trap. 什么也没怀疑，他径直走进了陷阱。 4. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 ◆(1)be to blame (for sth)该(为……)受责备；应该(为……)负责 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 blame sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事责备某人 be blamed for 因……受谴责/责备 (2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任 put the blame on 把责任归咎于…… 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Many children were blamed __________________ making mistakes in the exam. ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame _______________ the alarm clock. ③She blamed her husband __________________ the failure of their marriage. →She blamed the failure of their marriage __________________ her husband. ④Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else ____________________________________. 乔既骄傲又固执，从不承认自己错了，总是找别人来责怪。 【点津】　be to blame意为“该受谴责，该受责备”，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 5. handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) ◆(1)handle a machine　操纵机器 handle a problem处理问题 handle the paperwork处理文书工作 handle the data处理数据 (2)the handle of the door门把手 get a handle on sth 开始了解/掌握某事 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer _____________________________ (handle) the problem. ②Then，_______________________________________ first and you'll feel a real sense of achievement.然后，先处理最重要的任务，这样你会感到真正的成就感。 6. link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 ◆link ... to ...　将……和……联系或连接起来 link up with与……联合；使与……衔接 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Your innovations should be linked __________________ our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient. ②They went on to the next town, where they linked __________________ with the other party. 7. decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 ◆(1)decrease to ...减少到…… decrease by ... 减少了…… decrease from ... to ...从……减少到…… (2)on the decrease正在减少 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The traffic accidents in the city decreased __________________ 40% last year. ②The number of new students in this school decreased from 2，100 __________________ 1，600 this year. ③Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals __________________________________. 由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。 【点津】　decrease的反义词为increase，其搭配有：increase to ... 增加(长)到……；increase by ... 增加(长)了……；on the increase 正在增加。 8. transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 ◆(1)transform ... into ...把……变成…… transform into转变成；转化成；改造为 be transformed from ... into ...由……变成…… (2)transformation n.改变；转换；改观 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She was transformed from a common­looking adolescent __________________ a pretty young woman. ②The way in which we work has undergone a complete ________________ (transform) in the past decade. ③It is a surprise that the city _________________a small town __________________ a modern industrial center in recent ten years.真令人惊奇，在近十年中，这个城市由一个小乡镇转变成了一个现代化的工业中心。 9 . break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 ◆break down　出故障；失败；垮掉；分解 break in破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into 强行闯入 break away from脱离；挣脱 break up打碎；分裂；解体 break through突破 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They were discussing something important when a man broke __________________. ②Scientists hope to break __________________ soon in their fight against heart disease. ③A terrible fire broke __________________ in the building last night. ④Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers __________________. 仔细关好门窗以防陌生人闯进你的房子。 【点津】break in和break into都有“闯入”的意思。break in为不及物动词短语，后不跟宾语；break into为及物动词短语，后跟宾语。 10. in charge of 主管；掌管 ◆(1)take charge of掌管/负责…… in the charge of受……的管理；由……负责 (2)free of charge＝for free免费 (3)charge v.收费；要价；控告；充电 charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人(做)某事 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The police charged the thief __________________ stealing the jewels. ②How much did he charge you __________________ repairing this pair of shoes? ③Mr Bell has been in charge of the house for more than a year. →The house __________________________________________. ④A series of activities related to study and sports __________________________________________. 一系列关于学习和体育的活动是由英语系学生负责的。 【点津】　in charge of多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of，in the possession of；in control of，in the control of。 重点词汇答案: 【答案】 1　 infects 2　 infected 3　 a highly infectious disease 4　 It was her cheerful spirits and laughter that infected the whole class yesterday. 【答案】 1　 to 2　 subscribe for 【答案】 1　 of 2　 I suspected him to be a thief 3　 Suspecting nothing, 【答案】 1　 for 2　 on 3　 for；on 4　 to blame 【答案】 3　 to handle 4　 调节 5　 handle the most important tasks 【答案】 6　 to 7　 up 【答案】 1　 by 2　 to 3　 is on the decrease/is decreasing 【答案】 1　 into 2　 transformation 3　 has been transformed from；into 【答案】 1　 in 2　 through 3　 out 4　 (from) breaking into your house 【答案】 1　 with 2　 for 3　 has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year 4　 are in the charge of the students in the English department 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$