重难点01 语法填空之动词的时态和语态-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点01 语法填空之动词的时态和语态 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 考点1考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示 （5年10考） 2024九省联考卷—were used; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has established; 2022北京卷—has been; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2021北京卷—has increased; 2022浙江1月卷—has promised; 2021全国甲卷—was built; 2020全国I卷—touched。 1.重点考查掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的时间状语标志。 2.间或考查固定句型中的时态和语态，如It is the first time that…等。 3.考查主从复合句时态照应问题。 4.考查充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态。 5.考查含有情态动词的被动语态用法。 6.考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力。 考点2考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示（5年2考） 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2022北京卷-caught; 考点3考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应 （5年7考） 2024新课标II卷—were； 2024新课标II卷—was built 2024全国甲卷—were; 2023新课标II卷—wished; 2023全国乙卷--was amazed; 2023北京卷—threw; 2023北京卷—had arrived 考点4考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态 （5年10考） 2024新课标I卷—walks; 2022浙江卷—noticed; 2022北京卷—has; 2022新课标I卷—is designed; 2021新课标II卷—was; 2021全国甲卷—hired; 2021浙江1月卷—is considered; 2021浙江卷—was painted; 2020新课标—formed; 2020新课标—are called。 考点5考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法（5年5考） 2024全国甲卷—should be done; 2024浙江1月卷—could be offered; 2023全国甲卷—can be employed; 2022浙江卷—can be appreciated; 2020全国III卷—would be chosen。 考点一：考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。 1. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 答案：were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 与一般过去时连用的典型时间状语 1. yesterday类---yesterday、the day before yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening…… 2. last类---last Friday、last week、last month、last summer、last year…… 3. ago类--ten minutes ago、five hours ago、two weeks ago、three years ago…… 4. 固定短语类---the other day、just now…… 5. in+过去时间---in 1976、in 2016、in the 19th century…… 2.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 与现在完成时连用的典型标志 1.副词类---before、already、just、never、ever、yet、lately、recently…… 2.短语类---how long、since+过去时间点、for+一段时间…… 3.短语类：in the past five days，over the last few years… 4. “迄今为止”短语类---so far, up to/till now, to date 5.句型类---It is the first time that…; the best/most +名词+that… 考点二：考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示。 3.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 与when有关的高频句型 1. was/were doing…when…某人正在做某事这时…… 2. was about to do..when…某人正要做某事这时…… 3. was on the point of doing..when…某人正要做某事这时…… 4. had done…when…某人刚刚做了某事这时…… 5. hardly…when…刚一……就…… 4. （2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 【解析】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 与and有关的两个高频句型 1. A and B （并列名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、谓语动词……） 2. A, B and C （并列谓语动词、动名词…） 考点三：考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。 5.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___ ___ Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 6. （2024全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 答案：were 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 考点四：考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。 7.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 8.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 考点五：考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 9.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 答案：be done 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 10.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 （建议用时：40分钟） 1．（23-24高一上•北京•期中）Don’t disturb him, he ____________ (listen) to the radio to learn English. 【答案】is listening 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不要打扰他，他正在听收音机学英语。由Don’t disturb him可知，他现在正在听收音机，时态用现在进行时，主语he是单数，因此空格处是is listening。故填is listening。 2．Over the past several months, the company ____________ (conduct) a deeper study. 【答案】has conducted 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：在过去几个月里，该公司进行了更深入的研究。根据时间状语Over the past several months可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语the company为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has conducted。 3．As we know, China’s Belt and Road Initiative ____________ (motivate) more countries to cooperate more closely so far. 【答案】has motivated 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我们知道，到目前为止，中国的“一带一路”倡议已经激励了更多的国家进行更密切的合作。句子有so far作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是China’s Belt and Road Initiative，谓语用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has motivated。 4．In the past decades, China’s transport ____________ (achieve) significantly so that Chinese people have access to various ways of traveling. 【答案】has achieved 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，中国的交通取得了巨大的成就，使中国人有了各种各样的旅行方式。空格处是谓语部分，根据时间状语In the past decades可知，句子用现在完成时；主语是China’s transport，谓语动词用三单形式。故填has achieved。 5．Look! The children ____________ (circle) a robot, talking about science development. 【答案】are circling 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看！孩子们围着机器人转，谈论着科学发展。由Look可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，主语The children是复数，因此空格处是are circling。故填are circling。 6．（24-25高一上•福建厦门•期中）Even if it ____________ (rain) heavily tomorrow, I will go to school as usual. 【答案】rains 【详解】考查时态。句意：即使明天下大雨，我也会照常上学。此处为让步状语从句的谓语动词，根据“主将从现”原则，主句谓语动词为一将来时态，让步状语从句的谓语动词应为一般现在时表将来，从句主语为it，所以此处为rains。故填rains。 7．It is the second time in a row that Suzhou ____________ (top) the ranking. 【答案】has topped 【详解】考查动词时态和固定句型。句意：这是苏州连续第二次荣登榜首。观察句子可知，这是固定句型：It’s+序数词+time+that+从句，从句中要用现在完成时，主语Suzhou为单数形式，助动词用has。故填has topped。 8．For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于这些原因，他们被誉为“海岸卫士”。到目前为止，中国已经建立了许多红树林保护区。由Up to now意为“到目前为止”，谓语动词establish应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 9．The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, ____________ (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. 【答案】has grown 【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：这个海港位于长江口，自1842年开放以来，占地面积已扩大到1.5平方英里。根据since it was opened in 1842可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语seaport为第三人称单数。故填has grown。 10．（23-24高一上•黑龙江哈尔滨•期中）The plane ____________（leave）at 7:00p. m, so I have to be at the airport by 6:30 at the latest. 【答案】leaves 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：飞机7点起飞。是的，所以我最迟要在6点半到达机场。根据have以及句意可知，空处表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事情，应用一般现在时。主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填leaves。 【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】 1．（24-25高三上•福建福州•期中）Last year, the tennis player _____________ (withdraw) from several tournaments due to injury. 【答案】withdrew 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年，这位网球运动员因伤退出了几场比赛。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语“Last year”可知应用一般过去时，设空处填动词不定式withdrew。故填withdrew。 2．My heart went out to him, and I_____________ (jog) over to him. 【答案】jogged 【详解】考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 3．Nathen _____________ (cycle) along a remote road when he came across an abandoned kitten. 【答案】was cycling 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：Nathen在一条偏僻的路上骑自行车时，遇到了一只被遗弃的小猫。cycle“骑自行车”。根据句意和空后的when和came可知，此处为固定句型was/were doing... when...，本空用过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，主语Nathen为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was cycling。 4．Did you predict that many students _____________ (sign) up for the dance competition? 【答案】would sign 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：你是否预料到许多学生会报名参加舞蹈比赛？表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态，应用过去将来时。故填would sign。 5．He _____________ (help) his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. 【答案】was helping 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：上周六整个下午，他都在农场上帮助他的父亲。the whole afternoon last Saturday暗示过去某段时间一直进行的动作。故答案是was helping。 6．His mother said that she _____________ (check) his homework at that time. 【答案】was checking 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他的母亲说她当时正在检查他的家庭作业。分析句子可知，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，根据句中“at that time”可知，从句表示过去某一时间正在发生的事，应用过去进行时，主语是单数，be动词使用was。故填was checking。 7．The big fire _____________ (break) out on the morning of April 25 , 2005, when most of the villagers _____________ (sleep) soundly then. 【答案】 broke, were sleeping 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：大火发生在2005年4月25日早上，当时大多数村民都在熟睡。分析句子可知，该句第一空由April 25 , 2005时间状语可知，应为动词的一般过去时。该句第二空由then可知，此处应表示过去正在进行的事情，为过去进行时，主语most of the villagers为复数名词，所以为动词的复数形式。故分别填broke；were sleeping。 8．（23-24高一下•北京•期中）Our headmaster said that there _____________ (be) a sports meeting next month. 【答案】would be 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们校长说下个月将有一次运动会。根据主句谓语said和从句时间状语next month可知，从句系动词be应用过去将来时，表示从过去的角度看将要发生的事情。故填would be。 9．It was the fourth time she _____________ (shop) online for hours. 【答案】had shopped 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第四次在网上连续购物数小时了。在“It/That was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中，that引导的从句要用过去完成时。故填had shopped。 10．By Aug 19, Haihua Island _____________ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 【答案】had received 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：截至8月19日，海花岛在暑假期间接待了超过100万游客。根据上文By Aug 19可知，是by+过去时间点，此处表示“过去的过去”，谓语动词receive应用过去完成时。故填had received。 【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】 1．（24-25高一上•山东济宁•期中）I _____________ (see) Professor Smith off this afternoon. Will you join me? 【答案】will see 【详解】考查时态。句意：今天下午我要为史密斯教授送行。你愿意和我一起去吗？根据“this afternoon”可知，此处可使用现在进行时表将来，表示“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义，这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感；也可使用一般将来时will do。故填am seeing/will see。 2．（23-24高一上•江西赣州•开学考试）If you take a fish out of water, it _____________ (die). 【答案】will die 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果你把鱼从水里拿出来，它会死的。If引导条件状语从句中为一般现在时，空处为主句谓语，应用一般将来时表示将来可能发生的结果，构成will do结构。故填will die。 3．Don’t call me between 12: 30 and 13: 00 this afternoon. I _____________ (take) a nap. 【答案】will be taking 【详解】考查时态。句意：今天下午12:30到13:00之间不要给我打电话。我要小睡一会儿。根据上文12: 30 and 13: 00 this afternoon可知表示将来某段时间正在发生的事情，用将来进行时，故填will be taking。 4．He _____________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year. 【答案】will have learned/will have learnt 【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年大学毕业时，他已经学了八年英语了。空处为主句谓语动词，根据by the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知，主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动作，应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。 5．It is reported that by the end of this year, the import of seafood _____________ (drop) by about 10%. 【答案】will have dropped 【详解】考查时态。句意：据报道，到今年年底，海产品进口将下降10%左右。空处作从句的谓语，结合时间状语by the end of this year可知，此处描述截止到将来的时间点前完成的行为，应用将来完成时，因此空处应用will have done的形式。故填will have dropped。 6．（24-25高二上•山西晋中•开学考试）It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it _____________ (take) to get there. 【答案】would take 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道到那里需要多长时间。根据句意，主句是过去时态，宾语从句也应使用过去的某种时态，结合语境用过去将来时态would+动词原形，故填would take。 7．Last Sunday he promised he _____________ (come) but he hasn’t arrived until now. 【答案】would come 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上星期天他答应来的，可到现在还没有到。promised后面为省略了that的宾语从句，缺少谓语动词，结合promised和but he hasn’t arrived until now可知，表示相对于过去将要发生的动作，此处使用过去将来时。故填would come。 8．I _____________ (intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我本打算去机场送你，但正当我准备出发时，来了一个意外的访客。结合句意可知，此处考查had intended/ planned/ expected…“本打算/计划/期待”，它们是特殊的虚拟语气，表示没有按计划/安排等完成任务，故填had intended。 9．It was the fourth time she _____________ (shop) online for hours. 【答案】had shopped 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第四次在网上连续购物数小时了。在“It/That was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中，that引导的从句要用过去完成时。故填had shopped。 10．After visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she _____________ (eat) in China ever. 【答案】had eaten 【详解】考查时态。句意：在逛了许多高级餐馆之后，她说这碗面条是她在中国吃过的最好吃的东西。“吃”这个动作发生在declared之前，表示“过去的过去”，因此空格处时态是过去完成时，故填had eaten。 【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】 1．When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may _____________（fool） into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. 【答案】be fooled 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：当点击危险网站或软件的链接时，您可能会被愚弄，提供密码、用户名或财务详细信息等个人信息。may后接动词原形。主语you和动词fool之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填be fooled。 2．It was the first time that she _____________ (leave) alone at home. 【答案】had been left 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是她第一次被单独留在家里。It was the first time that...句型中，从句要用过去完成时。she 和 leave之间是被动关系，表示 “她被独自留在家里”，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been left。 3．Up till now, this practice_____________ (use) for treating patients. 【答案】has been used 【详解】考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这种实践已经被用于治疗病人。根据Up till now可知，use表示“使用”，这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，且this practice与use为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been used。 4．（24-25高三上•四川广安•开学考试）It’s true that inner beauty is important, but external beauty shouldn’t _____________ (overlook). 【答案】be overlooked 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：诚然，内在美很重要，但外在美不应该被忽视。动词overlook和主语external beauty是动宾关系，要用被动语态结构，空格前面是情态动词shouldn’t，后面用动词原形。故填be overlooked。 5．It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which _____________ (locate) in the center of the city. 【答案】is located 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：人们更方便到达坐落在市中心的上海博物馆。定语从句陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。关系词替代先行词，Shanghai Museum是先行词，关系词which在后面的定语从句中作主语，和locate之间是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且be动词用is。be located in...意为“坐落在……”。故答案为is located。 【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】 1．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _____________ (hold). 【答案】to hold 【详解】考查动词不定式作状语。句意：厚度和重量与先前版本的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable后用不定式作原因状语，且不定式与逻辑主语the iPad是动宾关系，需用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。故填to hold。 2．It was only after he had read the papers that Mr Gross realized that the task was extremely difficult _____________ (finish). 【答案】to finish 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：直到读过这些文件后，格罗斯先生才意识到这项任务极其难以完成。此处为固定结构“主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + to do”，该结构中不定式的动作与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，但使用主动形式表被动意义，此处finish与主语the task间为动宾关系，所以使用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。故填to finish。 3．I would like to buy these coat because the clothing _____________ (feel) smooth. 【答案】feels 【详解】考查时态。句意：我想买这件外套，因为衣服摸起来很光滑。根据句意可知，陈述现阶段所发生的事情使用一般现在时，feel通常用于表示某人或某物被如何感受，尽管在语义上具有被动意味，但在语法上必须采用主动形式来表达被动意义。主语the clothing为第三人称单数，谓语动词使用相应的第三人称单数形式。故填feels。 4．（22-23高一上•上海徐汇•期中）Mrs. Lee wants that kind of cloth because she has been told that it _____________ (wash) very well. 【答案】washes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：李太太想要那种布，因为有人告诉她那种布很耐洗。空前的it指代前面的that kind of cloth，由very well可知，此处表示“那种布很耐洗”，描述的是主语内在的性质、性能，应用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，且主语it是第三人称单数，因此wash应用单数形式。故填washes。 5. The ship _____________ (measure) 70 meters long and 14 meters wide, with the capacity to hold 120 【答案】measures 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这艘船有70米长，14米宽，能承载120名人员。主语the ship为第三人称单数形式，且该句是陈述一般事实，因此需使用一般现在时，measure“测量”，用主动表被动，故填measures。 【类型六：语法填空语篇训练】 （24-25高三上·江西上饶·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “It was written in some sense,” Cynthia, 1 is a professor of physics at McGill University, would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes. “I’m not going to lie. My father is a physicist and my mother 2 astronomer. But no kid wants to be like 3 (they) parents,” she joked, semi-seriously. Cynthia always enjoyed building things. She 4 (spend) spare time experimenting with her father’s research equipment when she was a child. She thanks, in part, her short attention span (持续时间) for her natural 5 (curious): “I am always looking for something.” For the last few years, Cynthia has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence, 6 the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago, to the previous “cosmic dark ages”. 7 (achieve) the purpose, she’s made her own equipment. As a professor of physics, she focuses on peering (观测) beyond the universe as it is known today, into its 8 (distance) past, using novel radio technology. Since 2017, Cynthia and her team at McGill have been engineering and planting radio telescopes in two of the Earth’s most remote and 9 (quiet) places for the best shot at 10 (hear) the earliest groans (声音) of the cosmos. 【答案】 1．who 2．an 3．their 4．spent 5．curiosity 6．from 7．To achieve 8．distant 9．quietest 10．hearing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。物理学教授Cynthia自2017年以来带领团队持续观测宇宙形成初期的迹象。 1．考查定语从句。句意：“这是在某种意义上写的，”Cynthia是麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她最终将从事观测宇宙学——使用专门的探测器和望远镜研究宇宙的起源和发展。分析句子结构可知，该空引导一个非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语；先行词为Cynthia，指人，所以应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2．考查冠词。句意：我父亲是物理学家，母亲是天文学家。根据空前My father is a physicist、并列连词and，且空后名词astronomer为元音音素开头的单词，故此处填不定冠词an，表示泛指。故填an。 3．考查代词。句意：但没有一个孩子想成为他们的父母那样。根据空前介词like和空后名词parents可知，此处填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。 4．考查时态。句意：当她还是个孩子的时候，她利用业余时间尝试父亲的研究设备。这里考查谓语动词，主语She与spend为主动关系，再根据空后时间状语when she was a child可知，此处填所给动词的过去式。故填spent。 5．考查名词。句意：在某种程度上，她感谢自己短暂的注意力是因为她天生好奇：“我总是在找东西。” 根据空前for her natural可知，此处填所给形容词的名词形式，curiosity，表“好奇”，为不可数名词，在本句中作介词后宾语，符合句意。故填curiosity。 6．考查介词。句意：在过去的几年里，Cynthia一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象，从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”。根据句意和空后“to the previous’ cosmic dark ages”可知，此处填介词from；固定搭配“from… to… ”表示“从……到……”。故填from。 7．考查非谓语。句意：为了达到这个目的，她自己制作了设备。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，此处填动词不定式，作目的状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填To achieve。 8．考查形容词。句意：作为一名物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。根据空前形容词性物主代词its和空后名词past可知，此处填所给名词的形容词形式，在本句中作定语。故填distant。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：自2017年以来，Cynthia和她在麦吉尔大学的团队一直在地球上最偏远、最安静的两个地方设计和安装射电望远镜，以便最好地听到宇宙最早的呻吟声。根据空前most remote和并列连词and可知，此处填所给形容词的最高级。故填quietest。 10．考查非谓语。句意：自2017年以来，Cynthia和她在麦吉尔大学的团队一直在地球上最偏远、最安静的两个地方设计和安装射电望远镜，以便最好地听到宇宙最早的呻吟声。分析句子成分并根据空前介词at可知，此处填动名词，作介词at的宾语。故填hearing。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点01 语法填空之动词的时态和语态 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 考点1考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示 （5年10考） 2024九省联考卷—were used; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has established; 2022北京卷—has been; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2021北京卷—has increased; 2022浙江1月卷—has promised; 2021全国甲卷—was built; 2020全国I卷—touched。 1.重点考查掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的时间状语标志。 2.间或考查固定句型中的时态和语态，如It is the first time that…等。 3.考查主从复合句时态照应问题。 4.考查充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态。 5.考查含有情态动词的被动语态用法。 6.考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力。 考点2考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示（5年2考） 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2022北京卷-caught; 考点3考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应 （5年7考） 2024新课标II卷—were； 2024新课标II卷—was built 2024全国甲卷—were; 2023新课标II卷—wished; 2023全国乙卷--was amazed; 2023北京卷—threw; 2023北京卷—had arrived 考点4考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态 （5年10考） 2024新课标I卷—walks; 2022浙江卷—noticed; 2022北京卷—has; 2022新课标I卷—is designed; 2021新课标II卷—was; 2021全国甲卷—hired; 2021浙江1月卷—is considered; 2021浙江卷—was painted; 2020新课标—formed; 2020新课标—are called。 考点5考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法（5年5考） 2024全国甲卷—should be done; 2024浙江1月卷—could be offered; 2023全国甲卷—can be employed; 2022浙江卷—can be appreciated; 2020全国III卷—would be chosen。 考点一：考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。 1. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 2.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 考点二：考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示。 3.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 4. （2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 考点三：考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。 5.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___ ___ Romeo and Juliet.” 6. （2024全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 考点四：考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。 7.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 8.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 考点五：考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 9.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 10.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：现在时态综合练（一般现在时+现在进行时+现在完成时）】 1．（23-24高一上•北京•期中）Don’t disturb him, he ____________ (listen) to the radio to learn English. 2．Over the past several months, the company ____________ (conduct) a deeper study. 3．As we know, China’s Belt and Road Initiative ____________ (motivate) more countries to cooperate more closely so far. 4．In the past decades, China’s transport ____________ (achieve) significantly so that Chinese people have access to various ways of traveling. 5．Look! The children ____________ (circle) a robot, talking about science development. 6．（24-25高一上•福建厦门•期中）Even if it ____________ (rain) heavily tomorrow, I will go to school as usual. 7．It is the second time in a row that Suzhou ____________ (top) the ranking. 8．For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 9．The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, ____________ (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. 10．（23-24高一上•黑龙江哈尔滨•期中）The plane ____________（leave）at 7:00p. m, so I have to be at the airport by 6:30 at the latest. 【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】 1．（24-25高三上•福建福州•期中）Last year, the tennis player _____________ (withdraw) from several tournaments due to injury. 2．My heart went out to him, and I_____________ (jog) over to him. 3．Nathen _____________ (cycle) along a remote road when he came across an abandoned kitten. 4．Did you predict that many students _____________ (sign) up for the dance competition? 5．He _____________ (help) his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. 6．His mother said that she _____________ (check) his homework at that time. 7．The big fire _____________ (break) out on the morning of April 25 , 2005, when most of the villagers _____________ (sleep) soundly then. 8．（23-24高一下•北京•期中）Our headmaster said that there _____________ (be) a sports meeting next month. 9．It was the fourth time she _____________ (shop) online for hours. 10．By Aug 19, Haihua Island _____________ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】 1．（24-25高一上•山东济宁•期中）I _____________ (see) Professor Smith off this afternoon. Will you join me? 2．（23-24高一上•江西赣州•开学考试）If you take a fish out of water, it _____________ (die). 3．Don’t call me between 12: 30 and 13: 00 this afternoon. I _____________ (take) a nap. 4．He _____________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year. 5．It is reported that by the end of this year, the import of seafood _____________ (drop) by about 10%. 6．（24-25高二上•山西晋中•开学考试）It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it _____________ (take) to get there. 7．Last Sunday he promised he _____________ (come) but he hasn’t arrived until now. 8．I _____________ (intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 9．It was the fourth time she _____________ (shop) online for hours. 10．After visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she _____________ (eat) in China ever. 【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】 1．When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may _____________（fool） into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. 2．It was the first time that she _____________ (leave) alone at home. 3．Up till now, this practice_____________ (use) for treating patients. 4．（24-25高三上•四川广安•开学考试）It’s true that inner beauty is important, but external beauty shouldn’t _____________ (overlook). 5．It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which _____________ (locate) in the center of the city. 【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】 1．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _____________ (hold). 2．It was only after he had read the papers that Mr Gross realized that the task was extremely difficult _____________ (finish). 3．I would like to buy these coat because the clothing _____________ (feel) smooth. 4．（22-23高一上•上海徐汇•期中）Mrs. Lee wants that kind of cloth because she has been told that it _____________ (wash) very well. 5. The ship _____________ (measure) 70 meters long and 14 meters wide, with the capacity to hold 120 【类型六：语法填空语篇训练】 （24-25高三上·江西上饶·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “It was written in some sense,” Cynthia, 1 is a professor of physics at McGill University, would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes. “I’m not going to lie. My father is a physicist and my mother 2 astronomer. But no kid wants to be like 3 (they) parents,” she joked, semi-seriously. Cynthia always enjoyed building things. She 4 (spend) spare time experimenting with her father’s research equipment when she was a child. She thanks, in part, her short attention span (持续时间) for her natural 5 (curious): “I am always looking for something.” For the last few years, Cynthia has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence, 6 the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago, to the previous “cosmic dark ages”. 7 (achieve) the purpose, she’s made her own equipment. As a professor of physics, she focuses on peering (观测) beyond the universe as it is known today, into its 8 (distance) past, using novel radio technology. Since 2017, Cynthia and her team at McGill have been engineering and planting radio telescopes in two of the Earth’s most remote and 9 (quiet) places for the best shot at 10 (hear) the earliest groans (声音) of the cosmos. ( 5 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$