专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇（各地市期末真题）2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）

阅读理解之说明文15篇 (各地市期末真题) （23-24高一上·河北衡水·期末）If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become cleverer since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that gray matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 1．The main subject talked about in this passage is ________. A．science on learning a second language B．man’s ability of learning a second language C．findings that language learning can help brain power D．language learning and maths study 2．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ________. A．say language is also a kind of physical labor B．prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language C．to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language D．make people believe language learning helps gray matter work well 3．The underlined word “bilingual” probably means ________. A．a person who can speak two languages B．a person who is good at learning foreign languages C．a researcher on language learning D．an active language learner 4．In the last two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that ________. A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths B．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language D．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是学习第二语言对大脑功能的积极影响以及早年学习第二语言的重要性。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.(根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力。)”可知，这篇文章讨论的主题是语言学习有助于脑力的发现。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.(研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质。这是大脑中处理信息的区域。这与锻炼肌肉的方式类似。)”可知，在第二段，作者提到“锻炼”是为了让人们相信语言学习有助于灰质的正常工作。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“had learned a second language before the age of five(五岁前学过第二语言)”可知，bilingual的意思应是“会说两种语言的人”，即a person who can speak two languages。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段““Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”(他说：“掌握两种语言为你打开了两扇世界之窗，使大脑更加灵活。你实际上超越了语言，更好地理解了不同的想法。”)”和最后一段“The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.(结果显示，越早开始学习，效果越好。科学家们解释说：“学习一门语言意味着你进入了另一个世界。”)”可知，在最后两段，作者想告诉我们早期学习第二语言对你学习其他科目有很大帮助。故选B。 （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期末）In northern Tanzania near the shore of Lake Eyasi, a bird known as the honey-guide has joined hands with the Hadza people. The green birds find honey hidden in the huge baobab trees that grow nearby, but they are no match for the bees. Their human partners, once led there by the birds, smoke the bees away. Working together, birds and humans can share the spoils. Through beautiful stories of nature and culture such as this, BBC reporter Dan Saladino asks questions about biodiversity (生物多样性) loss and the future of food in his book — Eating to Extinction. The book explores the world’s food system with an important message. Although we depend on fewer and fewer species for life — we source 50% of our calories from just three crops: wheat, rice, and corn — we require the variety once found in our food species for both health and joy. After a brief introduction to the history of food, the book explores a food and the people who sustain it. Some topics have been covered widely before, such as fruits, but Saladino sets himself apart by helping readers to understand less-known corners of these topics. Standout s include rare local fruits lost in the process of globalization, including the Sicily vanilla orange and the Ugandan banana. Eating to Extinction covers such a vast span of time, space, and biology that it is an important addition to the study of the foods we know and love and to the threats that endanger them. 1．What do the underlined words “the spoils” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Honey. B．Bees. C．Fruit. D．Trees. 2．What is the important message of Eating to Extinction? A．Human lives on just three crops. B．We rely on fewer species for life. C．Biodiversity loss helps food future. D．Food variety makes us fit and happy. 3．How does Saladino make his book different in widely covered topics? A．By introducing briefly the history of food. B．By criticizing the process of globalization. C．By studying unfamiliar aspects of those topics. D．By exploring the link between food and people. 4．What is the author’s attitude to Saladino’s book? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Subjective. D．Uncaring. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了BBC记者Dan Saladino的新书《Eating to Extinction》，书中通过自然与文化的故事探讨了生物多样性的丧失及食物未来的问题，强调了食物多样性对健康和幸福的重要性。 1． 词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“The green birds find honey hidden in the huge baobab trees that grow nearby, but they are no match for the bees. Their human partners, once led there by the birds, smoke the bees away. Working together, birds and humans can share the spoils. (绿鸟在附近生长的巨大猴面包树中找到了蜂蜜，但它们不是蜜蜂的对手。它们的人类伴侣，一旦被鸟类带到那里，就会把蜜蜂熏走。通过合作，鸟类和人类可以分享战利品。)”可知，鸟儿找到隐藏在大树中的蜂蜜，但是它们对付不了蜜蜂，人类伙伴则可以驱赶蜜蜂，因此“the spoils”指的是蜂蜜。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“The book explores the world’s food system with an important message. Although we depend on fewer and fewer species for life — we source 50% of our calories from just three crops: wheat, rice, and corn—we require the variety once found in our food species for both health and joy. (这本书探讨了世界粮食系统的一个重要信息。尽管我们赖以生存的物种越来越少——我们50%的卡路里来源仅仅来自三种作物：小麦、大米和玉米——但为了健康和快乐，我们需要曾经在食物物种中发现的多样性。)”可知，这本书的重要信息是我们依赖越来越少的食物物种生存，但我们需要食物物种的多样性来保持健康和快乐，即食物的多样性使我们健康和快乐。故选D。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Some topics have been covered widely before, such as fruits, but Saladino sets himself apart by helping readers to understand less-known corners of these topics. (有些主题以前已经被广泛报道过，比如水果，但Saladino通过帮助读者了解这些主题中鲜为人知的角落而使自己与众不同。)”可知，Saladino通过探讨这些话题中不太为人所熟悉的方面来使自己的书与众不同。故选C。 4． 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Eating to Extinction covers such a vast span of time, space, and biology that it is an important addition to the study of the foods we know and love and to the threats that endanger them. (《吃到灭绝》涵盖了如此广泛的时间、空间和生物学，对我们所熟悉和喜爱的食物以及危害它们的威胁的研究是一个重要的补充。)”可知，作者认为Saladino的书是对我们所熟知和喜爱的食物以及威胁它们的因素的研究的重要补充，这表明作者对Saladino的书持肯定态度。故选B。 （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期末）Unique Ways to Give The feel-good reward of giving is huge. Since 2021, the rate of giving has increased all over the world. Here are four creative ways people around the world are giving back.Rice Bucket Challenge The Rice Bucket Challenge (RBC) was started in India to fight hunger. You simply give a bucket of rice to a person or family, take a photo and post it on social media through the app RBC with a message encouraging others to do the same. Or people can offer money through the app for it. To date, the Rice Bucket Challenge has given away about 35,000 kilograms of rice.Donation Fence For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg's central train station. People without home can take those bags as needed.Little Free Libraries Some places of China host Little Free Libraries. All you need to do is build (or buy) a box and fill it with books you’ve finished reading. Anyone can take, leave or exchange a book from the box. The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result.Commu App How do people wanting to volunteer connect with groups needing help? In 2021 in Finland, three young men founded Commu, an app that makes it easy for people to offer help to those in need or to ask for help in their communities. It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian. 1．Who might Donation Fence want to help? A．The librarians. B．The volunteers. C．The hungry people. D．The homeless people. 2．What is the purpose of Little Free Libraries? A．To fight hunger. B．To connect neighbors. C．To exchange books. D．To encourage reading. 3．Which language does Commu App use? A．Indian. B．Norwegian. C．Chinese. D．German. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了世界各地人们回馈社会的四种创造性方式。 1．细节理解题。根据Donation Fence部分“For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg’s central train station. People without home can take those bags as needed.(在过去的六年里，德国汉堡的Donation Fence鼓励当地居民在汉堡中央火车站附近的围栏上悬挂装有干净衣服、牙刷和睡袋的袋子。无家可归的人可以根据需要带上这些袋子)”可知，Donation Fence想要帮助那些无家可归的人，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Little Free Libraries部分中“The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result.(目标是提倡阅读，但当邻居们联系起来，社区建设是一个令人愉快的意想不到的结果。)”可知，Little Free Libraries的目标是鼓励阅读，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Commu App部分中“It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian.(它还支持英语、乌克兰语和挪威语)”可知，Commu App使用挪威语，故选B。 （23-24高一上·湖南株洲·期末）Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer’s Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower. “It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.” The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889 and during the later repair work, some of the original iron was cut off and preserved over time. Now, some of those preserved metal fragments have found new homes. Each new Olympic medal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron—though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形),which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut. How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves,’ ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?” When the Eiffel Tower Operating Company agreed to volunteer pieces of original iron, “the dream became reality,” adds Roncin. The medals, designed by the luxury Paris jewelry house Chaumet, make people think of the Eiffel Tower in several other ways. The pieces of iron are secured by what looks like special nails that hold the structure together, and the medals’ ribbons are decorated with patterns of the tower’s latticework structure. The iron fragments are set in recycled silver, gold and bronze disks. Over 5,000 medals are being made. 1．What does Thierry mean by saying “bring back a piece of Paris”? A．Part of the athletes’ medal is from the symbol of Paris. B．The athletes will take many photos of Paris. C．The athletes will buy souvenirs about Paris. D．The Eiffel Tower will be left in the athletes’ memory. 2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The processing technique of the Eiffel Tower iron pieces. B．The shape and material of the Olympic medal. C．The design of the Eiffel Tower iron fragment on the medal. D．The symbolic meaning of the hexagons. 3．How did the designers get the idea of adding the waste iron? A．The Eiffel Tower Operating Company put forward the idea. B．The Olympic committee approved of this design. C．Some volunteers considered it to be a good idea. D．They got the inspiration while having discussion. 4．What can we infer about the new Olympic medals? A．They take the shape of the Eiffel Tower. B．They are innovative and typical of French feature. C．They represent a combination of different cultures. D．They illustrate the idea of sustainable development. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴黎奥运会奖牌的新颖设计、创意的来源以及其他的背景知识等。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段““It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.””（巴黎2024年奥运会创意总监蒂埃里•雷布尔(Thierry Reboul)上周告诉记者：“对运动员来说，这是一个把巴黎的一部分带回来的机会。”“埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎和法国的绝对象征。”）可知，奖牌上有埃菲尔铁塔上面的碎铁，而埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标志性建筑，由此可知，蒂埃里说“带回一片巴黎”指的是运动员的奖牌上有一部分来自巴黎的象征。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Each new Olympic medal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron—though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形),which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut.”（每一枚新的奥运奖牌上都有一块埃菲尔铁塔的铁——尽管标志性的“埃菲尔铁塔棕色”油漆已经被去掉了。这些碎片被塑造成六边形，这是“法国的形状”。此外，还有“巴黎2024”字样、奥运五环和奥运会徽，会徽看起来像一束火焰，或者是一个短发女人的脸。）可知，本段介绍了新的巴黎奥运奖牌上的埃菲尔铁塔碎片设计。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves,’ ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?””（他们是怎么想到这个主意的？巴黎奥组委设计负责人约阿希姆·朗辛告诉媒体：“我们多次讨论设计方案，并意识到有一个世界闻名的标志，那就是埃菲尔铁塔。我们对自己说，“嘿，如果我们联系埃菲尔铁塔运营公司，看看是否有可能把埃菲尔铁塔的一部分融入到奖牌中呢？”）可推知，设计者们是在讨论在中得到将埃菲尔铁塔的一部分融入到奖牌中这个想法的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容以及第一段“Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer's Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower.”（官方公布了将在今年夏季巴黎奥运会上颁发的金、银、铜牌，每一枚奖牌都有一个独特的纪念品：埃菲尔铁塔上的废铁碎片。）可知，法国把埃菲尔铁塔的碎片经过加工设计镶嵌到了奥运奖牌中，这是其他国家没有的，因此推断新的奥运奖牌是独特、新颖的。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·黑龙江·期末）About 35,000 African elephants are killed every year. That’s one dead elephant every 15 minutes! And if that continues, they’ll be extinct in less than a decade. There are a few societies working to prevent this, and now some of them are getting some help from Big Tech. Three such groups have teamed up with Intel to stop poachers (盗猎者).They’re doing this by using AI-based cameras in national parks across the globe. The Trail Guard AI camera makes use of Intel’s Movidius Myriad 2 VPU processors. “By pairing AI technology with human decision-makers, we can solve some of our greatest challenges,” says Anna Bethke, head of AI for Social Good at Intel. “With Trail Guard AI, Intel’s Movidius technology enables the camera to take pictures of suspected poachers and warns park rangers (巡护员) in almost real time, who will then decide the most appropriate response.” Intel claims its system can show the exact position of people and cars among the wildlife with a high degree of accuracy. The first generation of the system involved cameras that were triggered (触发) by movement tracking which would then send photos to the rangers on duty. Inauspiciously, that just sent them a lot of photos they had to review when anything moved in a camera’s field of view. However, by adding AI on top of it, the cameras can act as a first-line check and work much better without wasting time. The system is also designed to run at low power, allowing it to function in the wild for up to a year and a half on a single charge. “Edge computing technology has the power to revolutionize the way we understand and protect our wildlife,” said Dr. Fabien Laurier, vice president of National Geographic Labs. “It is really helpful for us to accelerate conservation and work toward our dream of achieving a planet in balance.” 1．What is mainly described in Paragraph 2? A．Why AI-based cameras are popular. B．Why Intel works to prevent poachers. C．How park rangers respond to poachers. D．How Trail Guard AI helps stop poachers. 2．What does the underlined word “Inauspiciously” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Impossibly. B．Unfortunately. C．Immediately. D．Unambiguously. 3．What does Dr. Fabien Laurierprobably think of AI-based cameras? A．He has high hopes for them. B．He is worried about them. C．He has doubts about them. D．He is dissatisfied with them. 4．From which website is the text probably taken? A．www.culturextourism.com. B．www.humanhealthcentre.com. C．www.earthharmonyhabitats.org. D．www.learnkoreanlanguage.com. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们通过人工智能来帮助阻止偷猎者。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Three such groups have teamed up with Intel to stop poachers (盗猎者).They’re doing this by using AI-based cameras in national parks across the globe. The Trail Guard AI camera makes use of Intel’s Movidius Myriad 2 VPU processors. “By pairing AI technology with human decision-makers, we can solve some of our greatest challenges,” says Anna Bethke, head of AI for Social Good at Intel. “With Trail Guard AI, Intel’s Movidius technology enables the camera to take pictures of suspected poachers and warns park rangers (巡护员) in almost real time, who will then decide the most appropriate response.”(三个这样的组织已经与英特尔联手阻止偷猎者。他们在世界各地的国家公园里使用基于人工智能的摄像头来做到这一点。Trail Guard AI摄像头使用了英特尔的Movidius Myriad 2 VPU处理器。“通过将人工智能技术与人类决策者相结合，我们可以解决一些最大的挑战，”英特尔人工智能for Social Good项目负责人安娜•贝斯克表示。“利用Trail Guard人工智能，英特尔的Movidius技术使摄像机能够拍摄可疑偷猎者的照片，并几乎实时地警告公园管理员，然后他们将决定最适当的反应。”)”可知，第二段主要描述了人工智能如何帮助阻止偷猎者。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The first generation of the system involved cameras that were triggered (触发) by movement tracking which would then send photos to the rangers on duty.(第一代系统包括由运动跟踪触发的摄像头，然后将照片发送给值班的护林员)”以及后文“that just sent them a lot of photos they had to review when anything moved in a camera’s field of view”可知，摄像头会拍摄太多照片，给工作人员带来太多工作，这是不幸地。故划线词意思是“不幸地”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Edge computing technology has the power to revolutionize the way we understand and protect our wildlife,” said Dr. Fabien Laurier, vice president of National Geographic Labs. “It is really helpful for us to accelerate conservation and work toward our dream of achieving a planet in balance.”(“边缘计算技术有能力彻底改变我们理解和保护野生动物的方式，”国家地理实验室副总裁法比安·劳里埃博士说。“这对我们加速保护环境，朝着实现地球平衡的梦想努力，真的很有帮助。”)”可知，Fabien laurier博士对人工智能相机寄予厚望。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“About 35,000 African elephants are killed every year. That’s one dead elephant every 15 minutes! And if that continues, they’ll be extinct in less than a decade. There are a few societies working to prevent this, and now some of them are getting some help from Big Tech.(每年大约有35000头非洲象被捕杀。也就是说每15分钟就有一头大象死去!如果这种情况继续下去，它们将在不到十年的时间里灭绝。有几个社团正在努力防止这种情况发生，现在其中一些社团正在从大型科技公司那里得到一些帮助)”结合文章主要说明了人们通过人工智能来帮助阻止偷猎者。可知，这篇文章与地球环境保护有关，可能来自www.earthharmonyhabitats.org。故选C。 （23-24高一上·山西·期末）Your ears are already dark, wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria (细菌). It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria. Actually, a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent (频繁的) use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus, a common skin bacterium. And in 1992, a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland in the US, found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour. As unpleasant as this sounds, there is no need to worry about it. The headphones in the second study were clean before use, so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms. Also, this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria. The study’s authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins. The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play. Furthermore, there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm. A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear. The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally, and your ear is able to deal with them. However, several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions (擦伤) that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses. 1．What does the underlined word “inviting” in the first paragraph mean? A．Equal. B．Attractive. C．Deadly. D．Confusing. 2．Why does the author mention the 2002 study? A．To support a view. B．To show a lifestyle. C．To raise a question. D．To present a product. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Researchers haven’t finished the studies. B．Listening to music makes us less focused. C．We can kill harmful bacteria completely. D．Improper use of headphones harms health. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria B．Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear C．Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones D．Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了耳机使用过程中可能会增加耳朵中细菌的数量，但这些细菌并不会对人体造成伤害，然而，频繁的戴上和摘下耳机可能会增加皮肤擦伤的风险，从而使有害细菌有机会侵入并引发疾病。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Your ears are already dark, wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria (细菌).”（你的耳朵已经又黑又湿，满是油脂和死皮——这是许多细菌的美味大餐。）第二段“Actually, a 108 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent (频繁的) use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus, a common skin bacterium.”（事实上，印度马尼帕尔大学108年的一项研究发现，频繁使用耳机确实会增加耳朵里的细菌数量——主要是葡萄球菌，一种常见的皮肤细菌。）可知，戴耳机只会使这种环境对这些细菌更具吸引力。所以，inviting在此处意为“吸引人的”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Furthermore, there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm. A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear.”(此外，没有迹象表明这些细菌会造成任何伤害。2002年对马来西亚呼叫中心工作人员的一项研究发现，耳机的使用与耳病之间没有关系。)可推知，作者提到2002年的研究是为了支持一个观点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions (擦伤) that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses.”(然而，有几项研究表明，频繁地戴上和摘下耳机可能会增加皮肤擦伤的风险，从而使有害细菌有机会侵入并引发疾病。)可推知，不当的使用耳机可能会对健康造成伤害。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了耳机使用过程中可能会增加耳朵中细菌的数量，但这些细菌并不会对人体造成伤害，然而，频繁的戴上和摘下耳机可能会增加皮肤擦伤的风险，从而使有害细菌有机会侵入并引发疾病。所以短文的最佳标题为“对耳机细菌的担忧”切题。故选C。 （23-24高一上·新疆阿克苏·期末）Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around. There are a number of volcanoes (火山). It has a short summer which lasts from June to August. The long winter starts from September and ends next May. Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing. In winter, when people in Iceland finish their daily work, they will have different special activities to spend the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children, which can teach them to be strong and kind. The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland. Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. The food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past. It had to buy most of its food from other countries, Later, when farmers learned to use lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot. Living in such a nice environment, most people in Iceland live a happy life. According to a survey about happiness made each year in Europe, Iceland is always among the top 3. 1．In which part of magzaine can you probably find the text? A．Sport B．Technology C．Travel D．Culture 2．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 1? A．The ocean. B．Iceland. C．Natural beauty. D．The volcano. 3．Why does Iceland have a short growing season? A．Because there are oceans around. B．Because there is a long hot summer. C．Because there is a long cold winter. D．Because there are a number of volcanoes. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Iceland, a Poor Country B．Food Problems in Iceland C．Colorful Activities in Iceland D．Iceland, an Amazing Country 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰岛的自然美景、夏季的旅游景点、冬季的特殊活动、冰岛的食物问题以及冰岛人的幸福生活。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing.(冰岛的夏天是游客的黄金季节。每年，来自世界各地的人们来到这里欣赏美丽的景色，享受令人兴奋的观鲸活动。)”可推知，我们很可能在杂志的旅游部分找到这篇文章。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around.(冰岛是一个北欧国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然美景和海洋。)”可知，本段主要介绍冰岛的情况，所以划线词it指代“冰岛”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season.(由于漫长寒冷的冬天，冰岛的生长期很短。)”可知，冰岛的生长期很短是因为有一个漫长寒冷的冬天。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了冰岛的自然美景、夏季的旅游景点、冬季的特殊活动、冰岛的食物问题以及冰岛人的幸福生活，所以D选项“冰岛，一个神奇的国家”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选D项。 （23-24高一上·河北邢台·期末）Children seem to care so much about their names. A study shows that most young people wish their parents had given them a different name. Some people choose to change their names when they grow up. Many people in show business don’t use the names their parents gave them. Have you ever listened to Joanne? No? The answer could be “yes” if we call her stage name instead! You may never heard of Margaret. But if we tell you her stage name, you might know her as a famous dancer. In many cultures, there are special ideas about how to choose a name. For example, many people choose a name that has been in their family for many years. It tells the child where he or she comes from. Choosing a good name isn’t easy. Many parents search books that tell them the meanings of names. They could choose a name that carries a message. For example, Edith means “valuable gift”. Amanda means “love”. And Fara means “joy”. Names like these tell family and friends how happy they are with their new baby. Other names can say something about the events during the birth of the child. In Africa, a first born son may have the name Mosi and the name Ama means “born on Saturday”. Is every boy called Curtis polite? And is every girl called Mahira quick and full of energy? No parents can tell what kind of person their child will grow up to be. Just because parents name a boy Fahim, it doesn’t mean he will be clever. All they can do is hope. 1．What can we know about the study? A．Young kids don’t care about their future. B．Most young people care about their names. C．Most girls want to change their names. D．Most parents want to rename by themselves. 2．Why is “Joanne” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To prove some people hope to be renamed. B．To introduce a famous dancer to readers. C．To introduce her true name. D．To tell the benefit of name. 3．Why is it difficult to choose a good name? A．Kids always want to rename. B．Parents want to choose a meaningful name. C．Parents aren’t sure if their kids will like the name. D．It is hard to change kids’ names. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Names can never influence our lives B．Methods to choose a suitable name C．Love your parents, love your name D．Your parents’ wish is behind names 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了孩子们对自己名字的在意以及名字的选择和含义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Children seem to care so much about their names. A study shows that most young people wish their parents had given them a different name. (孩子们似乎很在意自己的名字。一项研究表明，大多数年轻人希望父母给他们起个不同的名字)”可知，大多数年轻人都很在意自己的名字。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Some people choose to change their names when they grow up. Many people in show business don’t use the names their parents gave them. Have you ever listened to Joanne? No? The answer could be “yes” if we call her stage name instead! (有些人长大后选择改名。演艺圈的很多人都不用父母给他们起的名字。你听过Joanne的歌吗没有？如果我们叫她的艺名，答案可能是“是”)”可知，此处先提到有些人长大后选择改名的现象，然后提到Joanne这个名字，说明她用其他的名字作为艺名。由此可知，提到Joanne是为了证明有些人希望改名。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Choosing a good name isn’t easy. Many parents search books that tell them the meanings of names. They could choose a name that carries a message. (选一个好名字并不容易。许多父母会找一些书来告诉他们名字的含义。他们可以选择一个承载信息的名字)”可知，很难选择一个好名字是因为父母想要选择一个有意义的名字。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了孩子们对自己名字的在意以及名字的选择和含义。研究发现，许多年轻人希望父母给他们起不同的名字，有些人甚至长大后选择改名。在不同文化中，选择名字有其特殊的方式，而父母总是想为孩子选择一个有意义的名字，寄托他们的美好愿望。比较选项可知，D项“名字背后是你父母的愿望”更契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （23-24高一上·四川乐山·期末）Have you heard of depression (抑郁)? It’s a mental illness. People who have it may feel sad all the time or do something to hurt themselves. Now, doctors can put a “happy switch” in their heads to help them. Doctors at Shanghai Ruijing hospital helped a patient Wu Xiaotian. Wu, 31, has had depression since he was 15 years old. The doctor did an operation on Wu. They put two long lines of electrodes (电极) inside his brain. The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone. When feeling down, Wu turns on the switch and the electrodes start working. He is soon cheered up. “It feels like there is power rising from the inside of my body,” Wu said. The hospital has tested the switch on 26 patients since 2020. Up to now, it has helped cut down a patient’s sad feelings by 60%, said the hospital. But is the switch safe enough? Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it. Also, doctors have to make sure that patients don’t rely on it. Healthy people shouldn’t use it, or it may be like a kind of drug for them. 1．What really makes the “happy switch” work? A．The small “box”. B．Electrodes. C．Electricity. D．An App. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why people have bad feelings. B．How the “happy switch” works. C．How doctors do operations on brains. D．Who will have the switch on their brains. 3．What do we know about the switch? A．The switch still needs improving. B．The switch is a kind of drug. C．All patients who used it became healthy. D．It can make all sadness go away. 4．What might the writer agree with? A．The new operation is safe for humans. B．Some people may use the switch to sell drugs. C．Different kinds of people should try the switch. D．People should also care about the bad points of the switch. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抑郁症及其一种新型治疗方法——“快乐开关”。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone.(这16个电极被用来在大脑的不同部位释放电流，这可以改变病人的感觉。吴可以通过手机上的应用程序控制“快乐开关”。)”可知，电极使“快乐开关”起作用。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“They put two long lines of electrodes (电极) inside his brain. The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone. When feeling down, Wu turns on the switch and the electrodes start working. He is soon cheered up. “It feels like there is power rising from the inside of my body,” Wu said.(他们在他的大脑里放了两长串电极。这16个电极被用来在大脑的不同部位释放电流，这可以改变病人的感觉。吴可以通过手机上的应用程序控制“快乐开关”。情绪低落时，吴打开开关，电极开始工作。他很快就振作起来了。“感觉就像有一股力量从我的身体里升起，”吴说。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了“快乐开关”是如何工作的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it.(虽然像吴这样的病人使用它感觉很好，但实际上这个手术很危险。医生们仍在努力改善它。)”可知，这种开关还需要改进。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But is the switch safe enough? Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it. Also, doctors have to make sure that patients don’t rely on it. Healthy people shouldn’t use it, or it may be like a kind of drug for them.(但是这个开关足够安全吗?虽然像吴这样的病人使用它感觉很好，但实际上这个手术很危险。医生们仍在努力改善它。此外，医生必须确保病人不会依赖它。健康的人不应该使用它，否则它对他们来说可能就像一种药物。)”可推知，作者可能会同意人们也应该关心开关的缺点。故选D。 （23-24高一上·四川乐山·期末）Have you ever seen people swimming dressed like a mermaid (美人鱼)? You may consider it as a show, a game or just for fun. But mermaid diving is a physical activity in which people compete with each other. Now, it is getting more popular. From September 19 to 20, mermaid divers from around the world got together in Sanya to compete in the 2023 China Mermaid Open Championship Atlantis Station and International Mermaid Contest. Among them, Xiang Lei is a 29-year-old diver and performer in Sanya. Like everyone else, he found it hard to swim in a beautiful way when he first tried on the mermaid tail. “Mermaid diving needs good-looking moves,” he said. It was quite difficult for him to make the moves with his legs tied together. “Although it is not comfortable, you have to keep your face relaxed at the same time,” he said. Mermaid diving is usually done without glasses and air canisters (气瓶). Divers need strong endurance (耐力), which is the most important. In this way, they can stay in water long enough. However, people can train themselves through running and swimming. Anyone in good health can learn to be a mermaid. Xiang believes that mermaid diving shows unlimited beauty. “Many people think it’s a girls’ activity. But what truly moved me the first time I watched a mermaid diving contest was that there were mermen!” he said. “The beauty of mermaid diving means a lot. It can also be happy and fit for men.” 1．What is mermaid diving? A．A show. B．A meeting. C．A sport. D．A performance. 2．What was the difficulty when Xiang Lei first tried mermaid diving? A．He couldn’t swim at all. B．His face was not good-looking. C．Mermaid diving hurt his eyes and nose. D．It was hard to swim well with his legs as a tail. 3．What is the most important for mermaid diving? A．Having strong endurance. B．Being young. C．Owning glasses and air canisters. D．Living near the sea. 4．What does the underlined word “mermen” in the passage refer to? A．Beautiful mermaid divers. B．Girls who like diving. C．The first mermaid divers in the world. D．Men who are mermaid divers. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了美人鱼潜水这项运动。美人鱼潜水是一种人们穿着美人鱼尾巴进行的体育活动，它需要良好的外观动作，并且是一项需要强大耐力的运动。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But mermaid diving is a physical activity in which people compete with each other. (但美人鱼潜水是一项人们相互竞争的体育活动)”可知，美人鱼潜水是一项运动。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It was quite difficult for him to make the moves with his legs tied together. (他发现把腿绑在一起做动作非常困难)”可知，Xiang Lei最初尝试美人鱼潜水时，面临的困难是他的腿作为尾巴很难游得好。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Mermaid diving is usually done without glasses and air canisters (气瓶). (美人鱼潜水通常不戴眼镜和气瓶)”以及“Divers need strong endurance (耐力), which is the most important. (潜水者需要强大的耐力，这是最重要的)”可知，美人鱼潜水最重要的是拥有强大的耐力。故选A项。 4．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Many people think it’s a girls’ activity. But what truly moved me the first time I watched a mermaid diving contest was that there were mermen! (许多人认为这是女孩的活动。但是我第一次观看美人鱼潜水比赛时真正感动的是还有mermen！)”可知，作者观看美人鱼潜水比赛时看到，不只有女孩，还有男性美人鱼潜水者，划线词mermen指的是男性美人鱼潜水者。故选D项。 （23-24高一上·福建·期末）Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland. Edinburgh simply makes it with culture during its long holiday season. It is not just its famous festivals in the summer but its Christmas and Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world. Along with the tourists, Edinburgh has lots of students. They bring energy and variety to the culture of the city. Although this can be overwhelming (令人不知所措) at times, if you open your arms to the good that it brings you can get so much out of the city. The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport, we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park. We have a great collective team spirit which is very important. Whenever you go there from May to September, you will likely meet both sunshine and rain. But the wet weather can be dealt with by helping each other out, spending time in the many local cafes, catching up with your friends and having a good discussion about the rain! Without doubt my favourite place in Edinburgh is the Meadows Park. I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down. I really hope that this winter brings good snow so I can review my own childhood with my son! 1．What does Edinburgh attract visitors most? A．Its successful industry. B．Its famous festivals. C．Its rainy seasons. D．Its beautiful view. 2．Compared with driving cars, what’s the advantages of riding electric bikes for Cycling Gardeners? A．Speed. B．Comfort. C．Convenience. D．Expense. 3．What does the underlined phrase “catching up” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Getting up. B．Meeting up. C．Showing up. D．Picking up. 4．Why is the Meadows Park the author’s favorite place in Edinburgh? A．He has good memories there. B．He was born there. C．He played with his young son there. D．He met his wife there. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。由于毗邻英格兰、成功的旅游业和多元文化的人口，爱丁堡是苏格兰一个相当特殊的城市。文章对其进行了详细介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It is not just its famous festivals in the summer but its Christmas and Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world.(这里不仅有夏季著名的节日，还有圣诞节和新年庆祝活动，这些活动吸引了来自世界各地的游客。)”可知，爱丁堡最吸引游客的是其著名的节日。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park.(通过使用电动自行车，我们让自己的生活变得更轻松，而且我们经常在交通中击败汽车，找地方停车也没有问题。)”可知，与开车相比，骑电动自行车对自行车爱好者来说更方便。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“and having a good discussion about the rain!(好好讨论了一下下雨的事)”和“spending time in the many local cafes(在当地的咖啡馆消磨时间)”可知，此处是指和朋友小聚，所以catch up意为“朋友小聚”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down.(我出生在俯瞰它的医院里，在它周围的建筑里长大。我童年的大部分时光都是在那里度过的。我在那里遇到了我的妻子，我带着我年幼的儿子去那里玩。下雪的时候堆雪人是我最快乐的回忆。)”可知，因为在梅多斯公园有很多作者美好的回忆，所以那里是作者在爱丁堡最喜欢的地方。故选A。 （23-24高一上·福建·期末）Roadkill is a worldwide problem. Every year: About 340 million birds are killed on roads in the United States; around 9 million mammals (哺乳动物) of average size are killed on Brazilian roads; and China is no exception. To deal with this, a study of “roadkill” has been conducted by Professor Li Zhongqiu and his team from Nanjing University. The study was conducted in Nanjing, which has more than 9,700 km of well-built roads. Li and his teammates ran 26 roadkill monitoring (监测) activities over 224.27 km of roads, totaling 5,831 km during the research period. The nine roads chosen for the team’s research were monitored every two weeks over the course of a year. The team recorded a total of 293 dead bodies. Among them, birds made up nearly half the total. As a main bird species in East China, blackbirds are usually attracted by flies or other insects to dead bodies of roadkill along the roads. “Specifically, cats, dogs and blackbirds were the three most commonly killed animals,” Li said. “This may be due to the large number of homeless cats and dogs in city areas. Pets thrown out of their homes are more likely to run into traffic.” According to the report, roadkill happened a lot from May to September. The animal’ increased reproductive (生殖) activity in summer and autumn is a possible reason. Besides, roadkill issues also topped in November and January. This may be due to the need to search for food during winter when food resources are few, Li said. “There is no doubt that roadkill has contributed to the decrease of animal populations and must be taken seriously,” Li said. “We call on related departments to take measures such as speed limits and necessary traffic controls during top periods of animal activities. For animals such as cats and dogs that usually use the roads, fences can prevent them from entering traffic.” 1．What is paragraph 1 of the text mainly about? A．The purpose of the study. B．The method of the study. C．The result of the study. D．The background of the study. 2．How often were the chosen roads monitored during a research year? A．Once every two weeks. B．Once a week. C．Three times every two weeks. D．Twice a week. 3．What is the possible reason why roadkill accidents happen the most in November and January? A．Large animal birth rate. B．Busier traffic. C．Few traffic controls. D．Animals’ demand for food. 4．What can policymakers do to reduce cat roadkill incidents according to Professor Li? A．Having speed limits. B．Taking traffic controls. C．Building fences. D．Setting warning signs. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物道路死亡的现象，为了解决这个问题，南京大学的李忠秋教授和他的团队进行了一项关于“路杀动物”的研究。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Roadkill is a worldwide problem. Every year: About 340 million birds are killed on roads in the United States; around 9 million mammals (哺乳动物) of average size are killed on Brazilian roads; and China is no exception.(道路死亡是一个全球性的问题。每年：大约3.4亿只鸟在美国的道路上被杀死；大约900万只中等体型的哺乳动物死在巴西的道路上；中国也不例外)”可知，第一段主要讲的是研究的背景。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The nine roads chosen for the team’s research were monitored every two weeks over the course of a year.(研究小组选择的9条道路在一年的时间里每两周监测一次)”可知，在研究年度中，所选道路的监测频率是每两周一次。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides, roadkill issues also topped in November and January. This may be due to the need to search for food during winter when food resources are few, Li said.(此外，道路死亡事件也在11月和1月达到高峰。李说，这可能是因为冬天食物资源很少，它们需要寻找食物)”可知，交通事故在11月和1月发生最多的可能原因是动物对食物的需求。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For animals such as cats and dogs that usually use the roads, fences can prevent them from entering traffic.(对于像猫和狗这样经常使用道路的动物来说，栅栏可以防止它们进入车流)”可知，政策制定者可以建造栅栏来减少公路撞死猫的事件。故选C。 （23-24高一上·甘肃庆阳·期末）Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while. Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍乱). However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going. Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive. 1．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2? A．Become. B．Pollute. C．Block. D．Develop. 2．How do floods help ecosystems? A．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer. B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily. C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals. D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow. 3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems. C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods. 4．What’s the best title of this article? A．The Bad Effects of Flooding B．The Secret of Flooding C．Floods-A Disaster to Humans D．Floods — A Part of Nature 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Too much dirt will”以及后文“rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing”可知，太多的污垢会堵塞河流和小溪，阻止河流流动。故划线词意思是“堵塞”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.(有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长)”可知，洪水携带的养分可以使土壤更肥沃，从而帮助生态系统。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.(然而，并非所有关于洪水的事情都是不好的。有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长。洪水对一些动物也很重要。例如，一些动物把洪水看作是交配或迁徙的信号。洪水在河床上留下沉积物，幼鱼可以在河床上生长，并携带营养物质供水中的小动物食用。此外，在干旱季节，水可能会干涸，但洪水有助于补充湿地，保持生态系统的运转)”可知，第三段的主旨是洪水对生态系统的好处。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它们会破坏生物和环境。但有些生态系统需要洪水才能生存)”结合文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。可知，D选项“洪水——自然的一部分”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Hang your tongue out of your mouth while your eyes look upwards. Breathe loudly and use your hands to pull your head in every way. This is yoga (瑜伽) for your face. Fumiko Takatsu, creator of the Face Yoga Method, has written six books on face yoga and has been practicing facial exercises for about 15 years. Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position. Around the same time, Takatsu said she began to notice signs of aging, but gave up using creams and beauty treatments after they became too expensive. Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu’s work. Hayashi said she had a chin implant (下巴植入体) when she was 27 years old, but took it out because it misshaped her face. “That’s why I’m so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术),” Hayashi said. Like others who practice facial exercises, Hayashi believes it can fix signs of aging and help reduce wrinkles (皱纹). The question that often pops up when someone mentions face yoga is, “Does it actually work?” A study out of Northwestern University found that the exercises may help middle-aged women. “This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of face exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging,” said Dr. Murad Alam from Northwestern University.” But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.” Medical reporter Dr. Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it. “If you feel better after trying face yoga, it may be something you should keep doing,” she said. 1．What made Takatsu decide to create the Face Yoga Method? A．An unexpected car accident. B．Great interest in doing yoga. C．Unaffordable beauty treatments. D．Unsatisfactory effects of creams. 2．What do we know about Hayashi? A．She wrote a book about face yoga. B．She followed in Takatsu’s footsteps. C．She had a plastic surgery two years ago. D．She had always admired natural beauty. 3．What can be inferred from Alam’s words? A．The study is helpful but more research is needed. B．Face yoga is more suitable for women than men. C．Face yoga needs much too exercise to bring benefits. D．The study is well-designed but the findings are worthless. 4．What does Ashton think of face yoga? A．Its key point is keeping exercising. B．It can stop all kinds of signs of aging. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．Its effectiveness depends on personal feelings. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Koko Takatsu创立的面部瑜伽法及其影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position.(50岁的Takatsu说，她35岁时发生了一场车祸，导致她的脸失去了正确的位置，之后她萌生了面部运动的想法)”可知，Takatsu在35岁的时候遭遇了一场车祸，这使她萌生了进行面部锻炼的想法，随后便创造了面部瑜伽方法。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu’s work.(39岁的Koko Hayashi是洛杉矶的一名面部瑜伽教练，她说自己是在发现Takatsu的作品时第一次听说面部瑜伽的)”以及“‘That’s why I’m so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术),’ Hayashi said.(‘这就是为什么我对自然美如此感兴趣，而不是整形手术，’Hayashi说)”可知，Hayashi是一位面部瑜伽教练，在读到Takatsu的作品后了解到面部瑜伽，并开始崇尚自然美。由此可推知，Hayashi是效仿Takatsu开始练习和教授面部瑜伽的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“‘This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of face exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging,’ said Dr. Murad Alam from Northwestern University. ‘But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.’(西北大学的Murad Alam博士说：‘这是一项初步研究，表明面部运动可能有一些因素，至少对某些患者改善某些衰老迹象有帮助。但我们需要更多的研究来更好地了解到底需要多少运动才能产生任何益处，它是否适用于不同年龄的男性和女性，以及需要多少运动才能保持这种益处。’)”可知，Alam指出，尽管他们的研究表明面部锻炼可能对某些患者有帮助，但是仍需更多的研究来更好地了解面部瑜伽的益处，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Medical reporter Dr. Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it.(医学记者Jennifer Ashton博士说，她不确定面部瑜伽是否有效，任何好处都很可能取决于尝试它的人)”可知，Ashton 认为，面部瑜伽是否有效最有可能取决于尝试者自己的个人感受。故选D。 （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Why are some people better able to fight off the flu than others? Part of the answer, according to a new study, is related to the first flu strain we encounter in childhood. Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the subtypes of flu they have had throughout their lives, but also by the sequence (顺序) in which they have been infected by those viruses. Their study was published in the open- access journal PLoS Pathogens. The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus. In addition, UCLA scientists, including Professor James Lloyd Smith, who was also a senior author of the PLoS Pathogens research, recently completed a study that analyzed travel- related screening for the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus — that it will catch less than half of infected travelers, on average — and that most infected travelers are undetectable, meaning that they have no symptoms yet, and are unaware that they have been exposed. So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers. “This puts the onus on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive, to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later,” said Lloyd- Smith, a UCLA professor of eco logy and evolutionary biology. “Many governments have started to impose quarantines (隔离), or even travel bans, as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the coronavirus.” One major concern, Lloyd-Smith said, is that other countries, especially developing nations, lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures, and are therefore vulnerable to importing the disease. “ Much of the public health world is very concerned about the virus being introduced into Africa or India, where large populations exist that do not have access to advanced medical care,” he said. 1．What is the significance of the scientists’research? A．It explains the cause of the flu virus. B．It reduces the risk of people being infected. C．It analyzes people's ability to fight off the virus. D．It stops the spread of the flu virus all around the world. 2．What do we know about the novel coronavirus from paragraph 3? A．Travelers are at high risk of being exposed to it. B．It is more difficult to stop its spread than expected. C．Most travelers infected with it are detected by screening. D．It spreads especially quickly at airports and railway stations. 3．Why does the writer mention Lloyd- Smith's words in paragraph 4? A．To persuade people not to travel. B．To provide a method to kill the virus. C．To show the harmful effects of the virus. D．To stress the responsibilities of officials. 4．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “vulnerable” in the last paragraph? A．easy B．impossible C．responsible D．indifferent 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对于流感有不同抗性的问题，接着又提及了新型冠状病毒的相关特点以及国家处理的相关措施。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus.(这项研究解释了为什么有些人在感染同一种流感病毒后病情会比其他人严重得多。)”可知，科学家们研究的意义是它分析了人们抵抗病毒的能力。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus —— that it will catch less than half of infected travelers, on average— and that most infected travelers are undetectable, meaning that they have no symptoms yet, and are unaware that they have been exposed. So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers.(研究人员报告说，对2019年冠状病毒进行旅行者筛查的效果不是很明显——它平均只能检测到不到一半的感染者——而且大多数被感染的旅行者都是无法检测的，这意味着他们还没有症状，也没有意识到自己已经被感染。因此，阻止病毒传播并不仅仅是加强机场和其他旅行中心的筛查方法的问题。)”可知，从第三段中我们对新型冠状病毒了解到的是，这种新型冠状病毒的传播比预期的更难控制。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““This puts the onus on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive, to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later,” said Lloyd- Smith, a UCLA professor of eco logy and evolutionary biology. “Many governments have started to impose quarantines (隔离), or even travel bans, as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the coronavirus.”(加州大学洛杉矶分校生态学与进化生物学教授劳埃德·史密斯说:“这要求政府官员和公共卫生官员在旅行者抵达后进行跟踪，如果他们后来生病了，就隔离他们并追踪他们的接触者。”“许多政府已经开始实施隔离，甚至旅行禁令，因为他们意识到筛查并不足以阻止冠状病毒的传播。”)”可知，作者在第四段提到了劳埃德·史密斯的话强调官员干部的责任，想让政府有所行动。故选D项。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“One major concern, Lloyd Smith said, is that other countries, especially developing nations, lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures(劳埃德·史密斯说，一个主要的担忧是，其他国家，尤其是发展中国家，缺乏实施这些措施的基础设施和资源)”可推知，这些国家对于疾病的输入是很容易受到影响的，所以推测划线词意思是“容易受影响的”。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (各地市期末真题) （23-24高一上·河北衡水·期末）If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become cleverer since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that gray matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 1．The main subject talked about in this passage is ________. A．science on learning a second language B．man’s ability of learning a second language C．findings that language learning can help brain power D．language learning and maths study 2．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ________. A．say language is also a kind of physical labor B．prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language C．to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language D．make people believe language learning helps gray matter work well 3．The underlined word “bilingual” probably means ________. A．a person who can speak two languages B．a person who is good at learning foreign languages C．a researcher on language learning D．an active language learner 4．In the last two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that ________. A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths B．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language D．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期末）In northern Tanzania near the shore of Lake Eyasi, a bird known as the honey-guide has joined hands with the Hadza people. The green birds find honey hidden in the huge baobab trees that grow nearby, but they are no match for the bees. Their human partners, once led there by the birds, smoke the bees away. Working together, birds and humans can share the spoils. Through beautiful stories of nature and culture such as this, BBC reporter Dan Saladino asks questions about biodiversity (生物多样性) loss and the future of food in his book — Eating to Extinction. The book explores the world’s food system with an important message. Although we depend on fewer and fewer species for life — we source 50% of our calories from just three crops: wheat, rice, and corn — we require the variety once found in our food species for both health and joy. After a brief introduction to the history of food, the book explores a food and the people who sustain it. Some topics have been covered widely before, such as fruits, but Saladino sets himself apart by helping readers to understand less-known corners of these topics. Standout s include rare local fruits lost in the process of globalization, including the Sicily vanilla orange and the Ugandan banana. Eating to Extinction covers such a vast span of time, space, and biology that it is an important addition to the study of the foods we know and love and to the threats that endanger them. 1．What do the underlined words “the spoils” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Honey. B．Bees. C．Fruit. D．Trees. 2．What is the important message of Eating to Extinction? A．Human lives on just three crops. B．We rely on fewer species for life. C．Biodiversity loss helps food future. D．Food variety makes us fit and happy. 3．How does Saladino make his book different in widely covered topics? A．By introducing briefly the history of food. B．By criticizing the process of globalization. C．By studying unfamiliar aspects of those topics. D．By exploring the link between food and people. 4．What is the author’s attitude to Saladino’s book? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Subjective. D．Uncaring. （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期末）Unique Ways to Give The feel-good reward of giving is huge. Since 2021, the rate of giving has increased all over the world. Here are four creative ways people around the world are giving back.Rice Bucket Challenge The Rice Bucket Challenge (RBC) was started in India to fight hunger. You simply give a bucket of rice to a person or family, take a photo and post it on social media through the app RBC with a message encouraging others to do the same. Or people can offer money through the app for it. To date, the Rice Bucket Challenge has given away about 35,000 kilograms of rice.Donation Fence For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg's central train station. People without home can take those bags as needed.Little Free Libraries Some places of China host Little Free Libraries. All you need to do is build (or buy) a box and fill it with books you’ve finished reading. Anyone can take, leave or exchange a book from the box. The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result.Commu App How do people wanting to volunteer connect with groups needing help? In 2021 in Finland, three young men founded Commu, an app that makes it easy for people to offer help to those in need or to ask for help in their communities. It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian. 1．Who might Donation Fence want to help? A．The librarians. B．The volunteers. C．The hungry people. D．The homeless people. 2．What is the purpose of Little Free Libraries? A．To fight hunger. B．To connect neighbors. C．To exchange books. D．To encourage reading. 3．Which language does Commu App use? A．Indian. B．Norwegian. C．Chinese. D．German. （23-24高一上·湖南株洲·期末）Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer’s Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower. “It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.” The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889 and during the later repair work, some of the original iron was cut off and preserved over time. Now, some of those preserved metal fragments have found new homes. Each new Olympic medal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron—though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形),which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut. How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves,’ ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?” When the Eiffel Tower Operating Company agreed to volunteer pieces of original iron, “the dream became reality,” adds Roncin. The medals, designed by the luxury Paris jewelry house Chaumet, make people think of the Eiffel Tower in several other ways. The pieces of iron are secured by what looks like special nails that hold the structure together, and the medals’ ribbons are decorated with patterns of the tower’s latticework structure. The iron fragments are set in recycled silver, gold and bronze disks. Over 5,000 medals are being made. 1．What does Thierry mean by saying “bring back a piece of Paris”? A．Part of the athletes’ medal is from the symbol of Paris. B．The athletes will take many photos of Paris. C．The athletes will buy souvenirs about Paris. D．The Eiffel Tower will be left in the athletes’ memory. 2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The processing technique of the Eiffel Tower iron pieces. B．The shape and material of the Olympic medal. C．The design of the Eiffel Tower iron fragment on the medal. D．The symbolic meaning of the hexagons. 3．How did the designers get the idea of adding the waste iron? A．The Eiffel Tower Operating Company put forward the idea. B．The Olympic committee approved of this design. C．Some volunteers considered it to be a good idea. D．They got the inspiration while having discussion. 4．What can we infer about the new Olympic medals? A．They take the shape of the Eiffel Tower. B．They are innovative and typical of French feature. C．They represent a combination of different cultures. D．They illustrate the idea of sustainable development. （23-24高一下·黑龙江·期末）About 35,000 African elephants are killed every year. That’s one dead elephant every 15 minutes! And if that continues, they’ll be extinct in less than a decade. There are a few societies working to prevent this, and now some of them are getting some help from Big Tech. Three such groups have teamed up with Intel to stop poachers (盗猎者).They’re doing this by using AI-based cameras in national parks across the globe. The Trail Guard AI camera makes use of Intel’s Movidius Myriad 2 VPU processors. “By pairing AI technology with human decision-makers, we can solve some of our greatest challenges,” says Anna Bethke, head of AI for Social Good at Intel. “With Trail Guard AI, Intel’s Movidius technology enables the camera to take pictures of suspected poachers and warns park rangers (巡护员) in almost real time, who will then decide the most appropriate response.” Intel claims its system can show the exact position of people and cars among the wildlife with a high degree of accuracy. The first generation of the system involved cameras that were triggered (触发) by movement tracking which would then send photos to the rangers on duty. Inauspiciously, that just sent them a lot of photos they had to review when anything moved in a camera’s field of view. However, by adding AI on top of it, the cameras can act as a first-line check and work much better without wasting time. The system is also designed to run at low power, allowing it to function in the wild for up to a year and a half on a single charge. “Edge computing technology has the power to revolutionize the way we understand and protect our wildlife,” said Dr. Fabien Laurier, vice president of National Geographic Labs. “It is really helpful for us to accelerate conservation and work toward our dream of achieving a planet in balance.” 1．What is mainly described in Paragraph 2? A．Why AI-based cameras are popular. B．Why Intel works to prevent poachers. C．How park rangers respond to poachers. D．How Trail Guard AI helps stop poachers. 2．What does the underlined word “Inauspiciously” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Impossibly. B．Unfortunately. C．Immediately. D．Unambiguously. 3．What does Dr. Fabien Laurierprobably think of AI-based cameras? A．He has high hopes for them. B．He is worried about them. C．He has doubts about them. D．He is dissatisfied with them. 4．From which website is the text probably taken? A．www.culturextourism.com. B．www.humanhealthcentre.com. C．www.earthharmonyhabitats.org. D．www.learnkoreanlanguage.com. （23-24高一上·山西·期末）Your ears are already dark, wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria (细菌). It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria. Actually, a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent (频繁的) use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus, a common skin bacterium. And in 1992, a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland in the US, found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour. As unpleasant as this sounds, there is no need to worry about it. The headphones in the second study were clean before use, so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms. Also, this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria. The study’s authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins. The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play. Furthermore, there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm. A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear. The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally, and your ear is able to deal with them. However, several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions (擦伤) that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses. 1．What does the underlined word “inviting” in the first paragraph mean? A．Equal. B．Attractive. C．Deadly. D．Confusing. 2．Why does the author mention the 2002 study? A．To support a view. B．To show a lifestyle. C．To raise a question. D．To present a product. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Researchers haven’t finished the studies. B．Listening to music makes us less focused. C．We can kill harmful bacteria completely. D．Improper use of headphones harms health. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria B．Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear C．Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones D．Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria （23-24高一上·新疆阿克苏·期末）Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around. There are a number of volcanoes (火山). It has a short summer which lasts from June to August. The long winter starts from September and ends next May. Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing. In winter, when people in Iceland finish their daily work, they will have different special activities to spend the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children, which can teach them to be strong and kind. The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland. Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. The food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past. It had to buy most of its food from other countries, Later, when farmers learned to use lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot. Living in such a nice environment, most people in Iceland live a happy life. According to a survey about happiness made each year in Europe, Iceland is always among the top 3. 1．In which part of magzaine can you probably find the text? A．Sport B．Technology C．Travel D．Culture 2．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 1? A．The ocean. B．Iceland. C．Natural beauty. D．The volcano. 3．Why does Iceland have a short growing season? A．Because there are oceans around. B．Because there is a long hot summer. C．Because there is a long cold winter. D．Because there are a number of volcanoes. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Iceland, a Poor Country B．Food Problems in Iceland C．Colorful Activities in Iceland D．Iceland, an Amazing Country （23-24高一上·河北邢台·期末）Children seem to care so much about their names. A study shows that most young people wish their parents had given them a different name. Some people choose to change their names when they grow up. Many people in show business don’t use the names their parents gave them. Have you ever listened to Joanne? No? The answer could be “yes” if we call her stage name instead! You may never heard of Margaret. But if we tell you her stage name, you might know her as a famous dancer. In many cultures, there are special ideas about how to choose a name. For example, many people choose a name that has been in their family for many years. It tells the child where he or she comes from. Choosing a good name isn’t easy. Many parents search books that tell them the meanings of names. They could choose a name that carries a message. For example, Edith means “valuable gift”. Amanda means “love”. And Fara means “joy”. Names like these tell family and friends how happy they are with their new baby. Other names can say something about the events during the birth of the child. In Africa, a first born son may have the name Mosi and the name Ama means “born on Saturday”. Is every boy called Curtis polite? And is every girl called Mahira quick and full of energy? No parents can tell what kind of person their child will grow up to be. Just because parents name a boy Fahim, it doesn’t mean he will be clever. All they can do is hope. 1．What can we know about the study? A．Young kids don’t care about their future. B．Most young people care about their names. C．Most girls want to change their names. D．Most parents want to rename by themselves. 2．Why is “Joanne” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To prove some people hope to be renamed. B．To introduce a famous dancer to readers. C．To introduce her true name. D．To tell the benefit of name. 3．Why is it difficult to choose a good name? A．Kids always want to rename. B．Parents want to choose a meaningful name. C．Parents aren’t sure if their kids will like the name. D．It is hard to change kids’ names. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Names can never influence our lives B．Methods to choose a suitable name C．Love your parents, love your name D．Your parents’ wish is behind names （23-24高一上·四川乐山·期末）Have you heard of depression (抑郁)? It’s a mental illness. People who have it may feel sad all the time or do something to hurt themselves. Now, doctors can put a “happy switch” in their heads to help them. Doctors at Shanghai Ruijing hospital helped a patient Wu Xiaotian. Wu, 31, has had depression since he was 15 years old. The doctor did an operation on Wu. They put two long lines of electrodes (电极) inside his brain. The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone. When feeling down, Wu turns on the switch and the electrodes start working. He is soon cheered up. “It feels like there is power rising from the inside of my body,” Wu said. The hospital has tested the switch on 26 patients since 2020. Up to now, it has helped cut down a patient’s sad feelings by 60%, said the hospital. But is the switch safe enough? Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it. Also, doctors have to make sure that patients don’t rely on it. Healthy people shouldn’t use it, or it may be like a kind of drug for them. 1．What really makes the “happy switch” work? A．The small “box”. B．Electrodes. C．Electricity. D．An App. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why people have bad feelings. B．How the “happy switch” works. C．How doctors do operations on brains. D．Who will have the switch on their brains. 3．What do we know about the switch? A．The switch still needs improving. B．The switch is a kind of drug. C．All patients who used it became healthy. D．It can make all sadness go away. 4．What might the writer agree with? A．The new operation is safe for humans. B．Some people may use the switch to sell drugs. C．Different kinds of people should try the switch. D．People should also care about the bad points of the switch. （23-24高一上·四川乐山·期末）Have you ever seen people swimming dressed like a mermaid (美人鱼)? You may consider it as a show, a game or just for fun. But mermaid diving is a physical activity in which people compete with each other. Now, it is getting more popular. From September 19 to 20, mermaid divers from around the world got together in Sanya to compete in the 2023 China Mermaid Open Championship Atlantis Station and International Mermaid Contest. Among them, Xiang Lei is a 29-year-old diver and performer in Sanya. Like everyone else, he found it hard to swim in a beautiful way when he first tried on the mermaid tail. “Mermaid diving needs good-looking moves,” he said. It was quite difficult for him to make the moves with his legs tied together. “Although it is not comfortable, you have to keep your face relaxed at the same time,” he said. Mermaid diving is usually done without glasses and air canisters (气瓶). Divers need strong endurance (耐力), which is the most important. In this way, they can stay in water long enough. However, people can train themselves through running and swimming. Anyone in good health can learn to be a mermaid. Xiang believes that mermaid diving shows unlimited beauty. “Many people think it’s a girls’ activity. But what truly moved me the first time I watched a mermaid diving contest was that there were mermen!” he said. “The beauty of mermaid diving means a lot. It can also be happy and fit for men.” 1．What is mermaid diving? A．A show. B．A meeting. C．A sport. D．A performance. 2．What was the difficulty when Xiang Lei first tried mermaid diving? A．He couldn’t swim at all. B．His face was not good-looking. C．Mermaid diving hurt his eyes and nose. D．It was hard to swim well with his legs as a tail. 3．What is the most important for mermaid diving? A．Having strong endurance. B．Being young. C．Owning glasses and air canisters. D．Living near the sea. 4．What does the underlined word “mermen” in the passage refer to? A．Beautiful mermaid divers. B．Girls who like diving. C．The first mermaid divers in the world. D．Men who are mermaid divers. （23-24高一上·福建·期末）Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland. Edinburgh simply makes it with culture during its long holiday season. It is not just its famous festivals in the summer but its Christmas and Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world. Along with the tourists, Edinburgh has lots of students. They bring energy and variety to the culture of the city. Although this can be overwhelming (令人不知所措) at times, if you open your arms to the good that it brings you can get so much out of the city. The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport, we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park. We have a great collective team spirit which is very important. Whenever you go there from May to September, you will likely meet both sunshine and rain. But the wet weather can be dealt with by helping each other out, spending time in the many local cafes, catching up with your friends and having a good discussion about the rain! Without doubt my favourite place in Edinburgh is the Meadows Park. I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down. I really hope that this winter brings good snow so I can review my own childhood with my son! 1．What does Edinburgh attract visitors most? A．Its successful industry. B．Its famous festivals. C．Its rainy seasons. D．Its beautiful view. 2．Compared with driving cars, what’s the advantages of riding electric bikes for Cycling Gardeners? A．Speed. B．Comfort. C．Convenience. D．Expense. 3．What does the underlined phrase “catching up” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Getting up. B．Meeting up. C．Showing up. D．Picking up. 4．Why is the Meadows Park the author’s favorite place in Edinburgh? A．He has good memories there. B．He was born there. C．He played with his young son there. D．He met his wife there. （23-24高一上·福建·期末）Roadkill is a worldwide problem. Every year: About 340 million birds are killed on roads in the United States; around 9 million mammals (哺乳动物) of average size are killed on Brazilian roads; and China is no exception. To deal with this, a study of “roadkill” has been conducted by Professor Li Zhongqiu and his team from Nanjing University. The study was conducted in Nanjing, which has more than 9,700 km of well-built roads. Li and his teammates ran 26 roadkill monitoring (监测) activities over 224.27 km of roads, totaling 5,831 km during the research period. The nine roads chosen for the team’s research were monitored every two weeks over the course of a year. The team recorded a total of 293 dead bodies. Among them, birds made up nearly half the total. As a main bird species in East China, blackbirds are usually attracted by flies or other insects to dead bodies of roadkill along the roads. “Specifically, cats, dogs and blackbirds were the three most commonly killed animals,” Li said. “This may be due to the large number of homeless cats and dogs in city areas. Pets thrown out of their homes are more likely to run into traffic.” According to the report, roadkill happened a lot from May to September. The animal’ increased reproductive (生殖) activity in summer and autumn is a possible reason. Besides, roadkill issues also topped in November and January. This may be due to the need to search for food during winter when food resources are few, Li said. “There is no doubt that roadkill has contributed to the decrease of animal populations and must be taken seriously,” Li said. “We call on related departments to take measures such as speed limits and necessary traffic controls during top periods of animal activities. For animals such as cats and dogs that usually use the roads, fences can prevent them from entering traffic.” 1．What is paragraph 1 of the text mainly about? A．The purpose of the study. B．The method of the study. C．The result of the study. D．The background of the study. 2．How often were the chosen roads monitored during a research year? A．Once every two weeks. B．Once a week. C．Three times every two weeks. D．Twice a week. 3．What is the possible reason why roadkill accidents happen the most in November and January? A．Large animal birth rate. B．Busier traffic. C．Few traffic controls. D．Animals’ demand for food. 4．What can policymakers do to reduce cat roadkill incidents according to Professor Li? A．Having speed limits. B．Taking traffic controls. C．Building fences. D．Setting warning signs. （23-24高一上·甘肃庆阳·期末）Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while. Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍乱). However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going. Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive. 1．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2? A．Become. B．Pollute. C．Block. D．Develop. 2．How do floods help ecosystems? A．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer. B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily. C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals. D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow. 3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems. C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods. 4．What’s the best title of this article? A．The Bad Effects of Flooding B．The Secret of Flooding C．Floods-A Disaster to Humans D．Floods — A Part of Nature （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Hang your tongue out of your mouth while your eyes look upwards. Breathe loudly and use your hands to pull your head in every way. This is yoga (瑜伽) for your face. Fumiko Takatsu, creator of the Face Yoga Method, has written six books on face yoga and has been practicing facial exercises for about 15 years. Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position. Around the same time, Takatsu said she began to notice signs of aging, but gave up using creams and beauty treatments after they became too expensive. Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu’s work. Hayashi said she had a chin implant (下巴植入体) when she was 27 years old, but took it out because it misshaped her face. “That’s why I’m so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术),” Hayashi said. Like others who practice facial exercises, Hayashi believes it can fix signs of aging and help reduce wrinkles (皱纹). The question that often pops up when someone mentions face yoga is, “Does it actually work?” A study out of Northwestern University found that the exercises may help middle-aged women. “This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of face exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging,” said Dr. Murad Alam from Northwestern University.” But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.” Medical reporter Dr. Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it. “If you feel better after trying face yoga, it may be something you should keep doing,” she said. 1．What made Takatsu decide to create the Face Yoga Method? A．An unexpected car accident. B．Great interest in doing yoga. C．Unaffordable beauty treatments. D．Unsatisfactory effects of creams. 2．What do we know about Hayashi? A．She wrote a book about face yoga. B．She followed in Takatsu’s footsteps. C．She had a plastic surgery two years ago. D．She had always admired natural beauty. 3．What can be inferred from Alam’s words? A．The study is helpful but more research is needed. B．Face yoga is more suitable for women than men. C．Face yoga needs much too exercise to bring benefits. D．The study is well-designed but the findings are worthless. 4．What does Ashton think of face yoga? A．Its key point is keeping exercising. B．It can stop all kinds of signs of aging. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．Its effectiveness depends on personal feelings. （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Why are some people better able to fight off the flu than others? Part of the answer, according to a new study, is related to the first flu strain we encounter in childhood. Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the subtypes of flu they have had throughout their lives, but also by the sequence (顺序) in which they have been infected by those viruses. Their study was published in the open- access journal PLoS Pathogens. The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus. In addition, UCLA scientists, including Professor James Lloyd Smith, who was also a senior author of the PLoS Pathogens research, recently completed a study that analyzed travel- related screening for the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus — that it will catch less than half of infected travelers, on average — and that most infected travelers are undetectable, meaning that they have no symptoms yet, and are unaware that they have been exposed. So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers. “This puts the onus on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive, to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later,” said Lloyd- Smith, a UCLA professor of eco logy and evolutionary biology. “Many governments have started to impose quarantines (隔离), or even travel bans, as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the coronavirus.” One major concern, Lloyd-Smith said, is that other countries, especially developing nations, lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures, and are therefore vulnerable to importing the disease. “ Much of the public health world is very concerned about the virus being introduced into Africa or India, where large populations exist that do not have access to advanced medical care,” he said. 1．What is the significance of the scientists’research? A．It explains the cause of the flu virus. B．It reduces the risk of people being infected. C．It analyzes people's ability to fight off the virus. D．It stops the spread of the flu virus all around the world. 2．What do we know about the novel coronavirus from paragraph 3? A．Travelers are at high risk of being exposed to it. B．It is more difficult to stop its spread than expected. C．Most travelers infected with it are detected by screening. D．It spreads especially quickly at airports and railway stations. 3．Why does the writer mention Lloyd- Smith's words in paragraph 4? A．To persuade people not to travel. B．To provide a method to kill the virus. C．To show the harmful effects of the virus. D．To stress the responsibilities of officials. 4．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “vulnerable” in the last paragraph? A．easy B．impossible C．responsible D．indifferent 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$