专题01 阅读理解16篇【考题猜想】2024-2025期高二末考点大串讲（北师大版2019）

阅读理解16篇 1.（23-24高二下·江西吉安·阶段练习）From Milan to Riyadh, these culture-packed cities offer creative experiences, whether through interesting street arts, innovative exhibitions or award-winning architectures. Milan Milan’s fashion heritage dates back to its days as an important trading center, when rich businessmen would bring luxurious clothes to the city and improve their bartering (以物易物) skills in its streets. The area’s fashion-forward reputation was later strengthened by design masters such as Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana and Versace, all of whom grew their brands here. Shanghai Shanghai has a long history in the fields of art and architecture, and has long attracted creative professionals both domestically and internationally. But today, the integration of traditional temples into the surrounding modern metropolis (大都市) continues to attract tourists. Begin with a wander through the streets of the original Old City, taking in the 600-year-old City God Temple and the nine-bend Jiu Qu Qiao. Then, make for the Shanghai Museum, where more than a million artifacts — including ancient sculptures, china and calligraphy — are on display. Copenhagen Copenhagen’s architecture has been awarded many honors over the years, including UNESCO World Capital of Architecture 2023. Today, many of the city’s most popular tour routes centre on these eye-catching aspects. The harbour-front Copenhagen Opera House presents a neo-futuristic style while the Black Diamond Royal Library and the Bicycle Bridge dot the skyline with their distinctive designs. Riyadh Saudi Arabia’s largest city Riyadh has actively positioned itself as a global destination for creative travellers and to this end, it has established the Riyadh Art initiative. The first public art project of its kind in the country, Riyadh Art aims to transform the city into a “gallery without walls” through public art installations, festivals and workshops. 1．What is Milan famous for? A．Its festivals. B．Its fashion products. C．Its architecture. D．Its modern art. 2．Where will you go if you want to visit the Bicycle Bridge? A．Copenhagen. B．Shanghai. C．Milan. D．Riyadh. 3．What do we know about Riyadh? A．It is Saudi Arabia’s second largest city. B．It has a lot of galleries without walls. C．It aims to attract creative visitors. D．It plans to set up the Riyadh Art initiative. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个独具特色建筑的城市。 1．细节理解题。根据“Milan”下文中的“Milan’s fashion heritage dates back to its days as an important trading center, when rich businessmen would bring luxurious clothes to the city and improve their bartering (以物易物) skills in its streets. The area’s fashion-forward reputation was later strengthened by design masters such as Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana and Versace, all of whom grew their brands here.”（米兰的时尚遗产可以追溯到它作为一个重要的贸易中心的时代，当时富有的商人会把奢侈的衣服带到这座城市，并在街头提高他们的物物交换技能。后来，乔治·阿玛尼（Giorgio Armani）、杜嘉班纳（Dolce & Gabbana）和范思哲（Dolce & Gabbana）等设计大师在这里创立了自己的品牌，进一步巩固了该地区的时尚前沿声誉。）可知，Milan以其时尚产业而闻名，许多设计大师在这里创立了自己的品牌，进一步巩固了该地区的时尚前沿声誉。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Copenhagen”下文中“The harbour-front Copenhagen Opera House presents a neo-futuristic style while the Black Diamond Royal Library and the Bicycle Bridge dot the skyline with their distinctive designs.”（海港前的哥本哈根歌剧院呈现出新未来主义风格，而黑钻石皇家图书馆（Black Diamond Royal Library）和自行车桥（Bicycle Bridge）则以其独特的设计点缀在天际线上。）可知，如果想要参观Bicycle Bridge可以去Copenhagen。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Riyadh”下文中“Saudi Arabia’s largest city Riyadh has actively positioned itself as a global destination for creative travellers and to this end, it has established the Riyadh Art initiative.”（沙特阿拉伯最大的城市利雅得积极地将自己定位为创意旅行者的全球目的地，为此，它建立了利雅得艺术倡议。）可推知，利雅得希望能吸引全球的创意旅行者。故选C。 2.（22-23高一下·安徽安庆·期末）For children, space is magical — a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 4．What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A．They include less-known astronauts. B．They tell about scientists’ childhood. C．They cover women exploring space. D．They are suitable for children of all ages. 5．Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A．Stasia Burrington’s. B．Libby Jackson’s. C．Leland Melvin’s. D．David A．Aguilar’s. 6．What is unique to System and Beyond? A．It has beautiful pictures. B．It tells about space artists. C．It has won many grand awards. D．It was written by an astronomer. 【答案】4．C 5．C 6．D 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。 4．推理判断题。根据Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington的第二、三句“It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. (它的灵感来自第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性梅·杰米森。它讲述了梅作为一个小女孩的故事，她一直知道她对太空有很大的梦想。)”，而Space by Libby Jackson的第一句“This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. (这本精美的插图书让孩子们看到了从19世纪到现在，来自世界各地的50位女性，她们以某种方式参与了太空探索。)”可知，《星际漫游》和《太空漫游》的共同之处是：它们都涉及到那些探索太空的女性。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据Chasing Space by Leland Melvin的“Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. (孩子们会喜欢读他关于他如何面对挑战和前进的故事，他还包括DIY实验供孩子们尝试，以及一组全彩照片。)”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被Leland Melvin的书吸引。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据System and Beyond by David A. Aguilar的“Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. (与其他儿童太空书不同，这是一本由获奖的天文学家和太空艺术家撰写和插图的国家地理书。阿吉拉尔还是哈佛-史密森天体物理中心的前科学信息和公共宣传主任。)”可知，这本《系统及其他》与其他读物的不同之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家，能为读者提供专家的观点和对主题的见解。故选D项。 3.（23-24高二上·重庆·期末）The following are a series of new parks that have opened around the world in the last two years. They are undoubtedly satisfying getaways for parents and children to squeeze in moments of fun.Katmandu Park, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic Opened in March 2023 on the east coast of the Dominican Republic, the park is full of mystery. According to legend, explorer Kilgore Goode was on an adventure through Nepal when he came across the “Desirata” jewel, protected by a fierce snowman. The key attractions include the 4D ride “Legend of Desirata” and “EtherQuest”, an interactive upside-down house. Tickets: $120 for adults; $85for children.Ghibli Park, Japan Located outside of Nagoya, Japan, Ghibli Park opened in late 2022．Within the 17.5forested ground of the Expo 2005, guests will find five areas that recreate several lively famous scenes of the famous animated movies “Spirited Away” and “My Neighbor Totoro”. Tickets: $15for adults; $7.5for children.Peppa Pig Theme Park, Florida The world’s first Peppa Pig Theme Park opened in 2022 in Winter Haven, Florida, and has been delighting children ever since. Committed to the classic British animated TV show, where little Peppa has everyday adventures with her friends and family, the 4.5-acre park welcomes children with well-designed, multi-sensory activities across six areas. Tickets: $34 for adults; $25for children.Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park, Malaysia Located within Resorts World Genting, about an hour’s drive from Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur, Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park opened in January 2022．Across the 26-acre park, which cost $800 million and took nearly 10 years to create, visitors will find 26 attractions across nine areas inspired by movies and explorations. Tickets: $30 for adults; $25for children. 7．How much will the Smiths with their daughter pay to visit Ghibli Park? A．$22.5． B．$30． C．$37.5． D．$45． 8．What do we know about Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park? A．It has nine attractions in all. B．It is located in Malaysia’s capital. C．It has been opened for almost two years. D．It is the biggest movie-centered park worldwide. 9．What do the four parks have in common? A．They are all inspired by legends. B．They are all family-friendly parks. C．They all took a long time to create. D．They were all built in the same year. 【答案】7．C 8．C 9．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界各地的几个主题公园。 7．细节理解题。根据Ghibli Park, Japan部分中“Tickets: $15 for adults; $7.5 for children.(票价：成人15美元；7.5美元的孩子)”可知，史密斯夫妇和女儿参观吉卜力主题公园需支付15×2+7.5=37.5美元，故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park, Malaysia部分中“Located within Resorts World Genting, about an hour’s drive from Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur, Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park opened in January 2022.(云顶天城世界主题公园位于云顶名胜世界内，距离马来西亚首都吉隆坡约一小时车程，于2022年1月开放)”可知，云顶天城世界主题公园开放近两年了。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They are undoubtedly satisfying getaways for parents and children to squeeze in moments of fun.(毫无疑问，他们是父母和孩子们挤出欢乐时光的令人满意的度假方式)”可知，四个主题公园的共同点是它们都是适合家庭的公园，故选B。 4.（23-24高二上·四川乐山·期末）Finding a new book to read can be hard. Here are several different ways you can find your next favorite book to read! Local Library Most libraries allow anyone to walk in and look around. Head over to the sections that interest you and browse the shelves, then use your phone to look up any books that catch your eye. Or if you want to support your local library, just check the book out. You could also talk to the librarian. If you tell them what kinds of books you’re looking for, they’ll be able to point you in the right direction. Online Book Stores Amazon, AbeBooks, and Better World Books are all great options. Most online book stores allow sorting by recent releases, and it’s a great way to discover books you’ve never heard of before. Check out the first few pages’ previews, reviews and ratings, and if you like it, buy it! Meetup Book Clubs If you prefer to get your book recommendations through dialogue and discussion, then Meetup might be the option for you. Book clubs on Meetup are pretty straightforward; they tell you which book to read, and then you discuss it as a group. Meetup groups might hold events once a month, once a week, or maybe even multiple times a week. If one group isn’t enough, you can always join multiple. Goodreads One of the easiest ways to discover new books to read is to use a book recommendation site like Goodreads. Every year, Goodreads puts out “Best Books” for all major genres (体裁), including Fantasy, Horror, Poetry, Romance, and Young Adult. Each genre has 20 entries, and you can view past years’ awards back to 2011. Once you’ve added and rated enough books, Goodreads will begin recommending other books that you might like. 10．What help can you receive from a local library? A．Financial support. B．The librarian’s assistance. C．Group study. D．Advice on book choice. 11．What’s special about Meetup Book Clubs? A．They hold reading activities on a daily basis. B．They sort out books by recent releases. C．They offer group discussions about books. D．They allow members to get books for free. 12．Which of the following recommends books based on your preference? A．Local Library. B．Online Book Stores. C．Meetup Book Clubs. D．Goodreads. 【答案】10．B 11．C 12．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可以让你找到你最喜欢的书的方法。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“You could also talk to the librarian. If you tell them what kinds of books you’re looking for, they’ll be able to point you in the right direction.(你也可以和图书管理员谈谈。如果你告诉他们你在找什么样的书，他们就能给你指出正确的方向)”可知，你能从当地图书馆得到图书管理员的协助。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If you prefer to get your book recommendations through dialogue and discussion, then Meetup might be the option for you.(如果你更喜欢通过对话和讨论来推荐你的书，那么Meetup可能是你的选择)”和“Meetup groups might hold events once a month, once a week, or maybe even multiple times a week.(聚会小组可能每月举行一次活动，一周一次，甚至一周多次)”可知，聚会读书会的特别之处在于他们提供关于书籍的小组讨论。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Once you’ve added and rated enough books, Goodreads will begin recommending other books that you might like.(一旦你添加并评价了足够多的书，Goodreads就会开始推荐其他你可能喜欢的书)”可知，Goodreads根据你的喜好推荐书籍。故选D。 5.（23-24高二上·云南·期末）Habiba Othman decided to swap (交换) her flat for adventure. Initially, she swapped just with people from the south of France, but then she swapped globally. Habiba says house-swapping has changed her life and she will continue swapping her flat until she’s seen the world. Habiba’s first introduction into house-swapping was as a teenager watching The Holiday one Christmas. But it was only after re-watching the film in 2020 that Habiba felt inspired to house-swap and solo-travel. Habiba decided to bite the bullet in July 2020, travelling to the south of France in her first swaps. Then, Habiba travelled to the UK, to live in homes across England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. She has enjoyed travelling solo (单独地). “I do like travelling with friends, but I prefer to travel alone because it is easier to plan and budget and I’m really lucky my work is very flexible so I can work wherever I want.” Travelling solo — and living in someone’s home and not a hotel also opens up different experiences, she says. She said, “When I travel, I like to live like a local and really immerse myself into the local life and get the real experience. Plus, house swapping is more comfortable.” Another benefit of house-swapping is that it is easier to make friends, Habiba has found. She said, “One time, I swapped houses with a girl in Rome and she took me out to dinner to meet all her friends and that was amazing — they were so warm and welcoming. She is coming to my place for Christmas this year, which is lovely.” As well as having adventure, Habiba estimates she has saved around £20,000 on hotel fees. She said, “I used to use hotels or Airbnb or bed and breakfasts, depending on what I could afford. But if you swap your home with the owners of the one you are visiting, it is completely free. I have basically saved between five and 10k each year by house swapping, rather than using hotels or Airbnb.” 13．What is Habiba’s ambition according to Paragraph 1? A．To swap for flats better than hers. B．To save on living expenses by swapping houses. C．To make friends worldwide by house-swapping. D．To keep swapping houses while touring around the world. 14．What inspired Habiba to try house-swapping? A．Her nature to take adventure and travel alone. B．A teenager she got to know one Christmas. C．Watching the movie The Holiday once again. D．Her pleasant travel experience in southern France. 15．How many benefits of house-swapping are mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 16．Which of the following best describes Habiba? A．Adventurous. B．Tightfisted. C．Faithful. D．Greedy. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Habiba Othman受电影启发开始全球房屋交换旅行，享受独自探索并沉浸当地生活，迄今已节省约2万英镑住宿费的故事。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Habiba says house-swapping has changed her life and she will continue swapping her flat until she’s seen the world.(哈比巴说，换房子改变了她的生活，她将继续换房子，直到她见识过这个世界。)”可知，哈比巴的野心是在周游世界的同时不停地换房子。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Habiba’s first introduction into house-swapping was as a teenager watching The Holiday one Christmas. But it was only after re-watching the film in 2020 that Habiba felt inspired to house-swap and solo-travel. (哈比巴第一次接触房屋交换是在一个圣诞节，当时她还是个青少年，正在看《假日》。但直到2020年重新看了这部电影后，哈比巴才受到启发，开始换房子和独自旅行。)”可知，再看一遍电影《假日》激发了哈比巴尝试换房子。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“Travelling solo — and living in someone’s home and not a hotel also opens up different experiences, she says. She said, “When I travel, I like to live like a local and really immerse myself into the local life and get the real experience. Plus, house swapping is more comfortable.” Another benefit of house-swapping is that it is easier to make friends, Habiba has found. (她说，独自旅行——住在别人家里而不是酒店——也会带来不同的体验。她说：“当我旅行的时候，我喜欢像当地人一样生活，让自己真正沉浸在当地的生活中，获得真正的体验。另外，换房子更舒服。”哈比巴发现，换房子的另一个好处是更容易交到朋友。)”可知，哈比巴提到了换房子的3个好处：开启不同的体验，更加舒服，便于交友。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As well as having adventure, Habiba estimates she has saved around £20,000 on hotel fees. (除了冒险，哈比巴估计她还省下了大约2万英镑的酒店费用。)”结合文章大意，哈比巴喜欢独自旅行，在旅途中和别人交换住所，并且她要用这种方式走遍世界，由此可见她是一个具有冒险精神的旅行者。故选A。 6.（23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. In 1580, Galilei entered the University of Pisa to study medicine. Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics. While at the University of Pisa, Galilei was exposed to the Aristotelian view of the world, the only one approved by the Roman Catholic Church at that time. At first, Galilei also supported this view, like any other person of his time. In 1589, Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. And he made his famous experiments with falling objects there. Then Galilei began to write about his discovery of the falling objects, which was against the Aristotelian theory. For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592. But Galilei continued his scientific study. In July 1609, Galilei learned about a simple telescope (望远镜) made by Dutch eyeglass makers and soon developed one of his own. In August, he showed it to some Venetian businessmen who saw its usefulness in sailing and spotting ships. They gave Galilei a salary and asked him to make several telescopes for them. Galilei’s ambition pushed him to go further. In the fall of 1609, he turned his telescope towards space. Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galilei observed the Moon and proved the planet Venus moved around the Sun, which was against the Aristotelian theory that the Earth was the centre of the universe. In January 1610, he discovered four moons moving around Jupiter. He also found that the telescope showed much more stars than the naked eye (肉眼) could see. These discoveries were startling, and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries. Galilei’s great contributions to our understanding of the universe include not only his discoveries, but also the methods he developed and the use of mathematics to prove them. 17．Which subject was Galilei most interested in while he was at university? A．Medicine B．Physics C．Chemistry D．Philosophy 18．Why did Galilei lose his job at the University of Pisa? A．His teaching method failed to attract his students. B．His relationship with other professors wasn’t good. C．His scientific discovery wasn’t supported by some people. D．His potential related to science wasn’t fully developed then. 19．What does the underlined word “startling” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Surprising. B．Unwelcome. C．Terrible. D．Encouraging. 20．Which of the following words can be used to describe Galilei? A．Enthusiastic B．Determined C．Courageous D．All the above 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了意大利科学家伽利略的生平事迹以及主要成就。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1580, Galilei entered the University of Pisa to study medicine.  Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics.”（1580年，伽利略进入比萨大学学习医学。他拥有非凡的智慧和动力，很快就对许多学科产生了兴趣，尤其是数学和物理。）可知，伽利略在大学时对数学和物理最感兴趣。故选B项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1589, Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. And he made his famous experiments with falling objects there. Then Galilei began to write about his discovery of the falling objects, which was against the Aristotelian theory. For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592. But Galilei continued his scientific study.”（1589年，伽利略被任命为比萨大学的数学教授。他在那里做了著名的落物实验。然后伽利略开始写他关于落体的发现，这与亚里士多德的理论相悖。因此，他于1592年失去了在比萨大学的工作。但是伽利略继续他的科学研究。）可知，伽利略在比萨大学丢了工作是因为他的科学发现没有得到一些人的支持。故选C项。 19．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“He also found that the telescope showed much more stars than the naked eye (肉眼) could see.”（他还发现，望远镜所显示的恒星比肉眼所能看到的要多得多。）以及划线单词句中“…and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries.”（伽利略很快就写出了《星际使者》，在书中他描述了这些惊人的发现。）由此可知，此处为这些发现令人震惊。故可猜测划线单词startling为“惊人的”意思，结合选项A项Surprising“令人惊讶的”意思一致。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics.”（他拥有非凡的智慧和动力，很快就对许多学科产生了兴趣，尤其是数学和物理。）以及第二段中“For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592. But Galilei continued his scientific study.”（因此，他于1592年失去了在比萨大学的工作。但是伽利略继续他的科学研究。）和倒数第二段中“Galilei’s ambition pushed him to go further. In the fall of 1609, he turned his telescope towards space.”（伽利略的野心促使他走得更远。1609年秋天，他把望远镜对准了太空。）由此可推知，伽利略是充满热情，有决心以及勇敢的一个人。故选D项。 7.（23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）Shen Yue, 26, was born in East China’s Shandong province, a region that many people believe prioritizes secure, officially-budgeted positions such as civil service. However, Shen’s decision to dive into the unpredictable world of full-time video blogging after graduating in 2019, with a focus on the popular game League of Legends (LOL), raised eyebrows. Initially, Shen’s family supported his career choice, but when he struggled to make ends meet within the first year, they began to advise him to seek a more secure job. But Shen remained determined and persisted with his chosen path. A turning point in Shen’s career occurred at the start of this year when he posted a seemingly odd video, replacing the D and F keys on a keyboard, crucial for in-game character actions, with a foot pedal. Describing it as a “pointless invention” created for fun, Shen admitted that the video initially received limited attention. But a message from a viewer who had lost an arm in a car accident changed everything. The viewer, who relied on one hand to play games, sought guidance on creating a similar foot pedal. “I hadn’t realized that there would be disabled players in need of this kind of pedal,” Shen said. Despite his limited knowledge of circuit-building, he managed to produce 10 different foot pedals and traveled to Chongqing to personally assist the player in installation(安装), gaining valuable feedback. “Due to physical limitations, this player could only operate two simple game characters,” Shen explained. However, with this device, which allows the player to pedal with his foot, he can now play games like a regular person using a keyboard. Recognizing the diverse needs of disabled players nationwide, Shen started providing free assistance in making these pedals. The continuous feedback within the community encouraged Shen to improve his inventions constantly. Shen’s videos recording his experiences touched many internet users, earning him the title of the true “legend” of LOL. “I’m honored to receive this praise. But the real legends were the audience whose support had made the needs of disabled players easier to understand,” he said. 21．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．Shen’s career was thought to be promising. B．Shen’s difficulties didn’t defeat him. C．Shen’s family were always for his choice. D．Shen’s job focused on developing games. 22．The viewer’s message made Shen realize that _________. A．there was some use for the foot pedal B．different foot pedals should be created C．he helped the disabled use pedals D．he needed to accept others’ feedback 23．Which of the following best describes Shen? A．Modest and honest. B．Determined and creative. C．Helpful and brave. D．Kind and humorous. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Usefulness of “Uselessness” B．Blogs of a blogger C．Possibility of the Disabled D．Knowing of “Unknowns” 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自山东的游戏博主沈悦为了好玩而设计了一个代替键盘按键的脚踏板，然而这个“无用的发明”却帮助了残疾玩家。 21．推理判断题。根据第二段“Initially, Shen’s family supported his career choice, but when he struggled to make ends meet within the first year, they began to advise him to seek a more secure job. But Shen remained determined and persisted with his chosen path. (起初，沈的家人支持他的职业选择，但当他在第一年内入不敷出时，他们开始建议他找一份更有保障的工作。但是沈仍然坚持自己选择的道路。)”可知，当沈悦面对入不敷出的困境时，他并没有听从家人的建议去换工作，而是坚持自己的选择，由此可推测出，他并没有被困难打倒。故选B。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But a message from a viewer who had lost an arm in a car accident changed everything. The viewer, who relied on one hand to play games, sought guidance on creating a similar foot pedal. “I hadn’t realized that there would be disabled players in need of this kind of pedal,” Shen said. (但一位在车祸中失去一只手臂的观众发来的信息改变了一切。这位观众依靠一只手玩游戏，寻求制作类似脚踏板的指导。“我没有意识到会有残疾玩家需要这种踏板，”沈说。)”可知，这位失去一只手臂的观众给沈悦发来求助信息，沈悦意识到原来会有残疾玩家需要这种踏板，由此可推测出，沈悦意识到这种脚踏板有一定用处。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Shen remained determined and persisted with his chosen path. (但是沈仍然坚持自己选择的道路。)”可知，当面临困难时，沈悦依然坚持自己的选择，由此可推测出，他是一个有决心的（determined）人。根据第三段中的“A turning point in Shen’s career occurred at the start of this year when he posted a seemingly odd video, replacing the D and F keys on a keyboard, crucial for in-game character actions, with a foot pedal. (沈职业生涯的转折点发生在今年年初，当时他发布了一段看似奇怪的视频，用脚踏板代替了键盘上的D键和F键，这些按键对游戏中的角色动作至关重要。)”可知，他设计了一款脚踏板，可以代替键盘上的D键和F键，由此可推测出，他是一个有创造性的（creative）人。故选B。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一、二段讲述了沈悦投身于游戏视频博主职业并坚持这条道路；第三、四段讲述了他制作了一种脚踏板并帮助到了一位残疾玩家；第五段讲述了他开始免费帮助制作脚踏板，帮助有不同需求的残疾玩家；最后一段讲述了有关他经历的视频感动了许多网友。再根据第三段中的“Describing it as a “pointless invention” created for fun, Shen admitted that the video initially received limited attention. (沈称这是为好玩而创造的“无用的发明”，他承认这段视频最初受到的关注有限。)”可知，本文主要讲述了沈悦发明的这款“无用发明”最终帮助残疾玩家能够像常人一样玩游戏，无用的发明发挥了用处，所以A项“‘无用’的有用性”符合题意。故选A。 8.（23-24高二上·湖南·期中）Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind traces of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them. scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds. A molecule is a group of atoms. It represents the smallest amount of some chemical. Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything you’ve touched. With each new thing your skin contacts, you leave behind some small share of what it’d touched earlier. Researchers at the University of California. San Diego (UCSD)recently analyzed such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers. The study was led by biochemist Amina Bouslimani. To explore those remains, the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteer’s phone with a cotton swab(药棉签). The scientists also swabbed each person’s right hand. Then the researchers compared the chemicals found on each cell phone. The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared these to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein. a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines. Traces of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone. The molecules reflected what had been in the body, and what each person had handled before touching the phone. From all these molecules, Bouslimani says. “We could tell if a person is likely female, uses high-end cosmetics, dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.” Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says. he’s never heard of police using phone remains to narrow down behavioral clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene. 25．What can we conclude about the user by analyzing the leftovers on the phone? A．Personality. B．Intelligence. C．Appearance. D．Lifestyle. 26．What was the first thing needed to be done for the study? A．Comparing different chemicals. B．Hiring volunteers with cell phones. C．Building a database containing chemicals. D．Collecting the chemicals from phones. 27．What’s the author’s attitude towards the application of the research finding? A．Uninterested. B．Disappointed. C．Doubtful. D．Positive. 28．What should be the best title for the text? A．Fingers Leave Clues about You on Your Phone B．Your Phone May Be Home to Various Chemicals C．Molecules Are Used to Search for Illegal Drugs D．Cell Phones Will be Used in More Fields 【答案】25．D 26．C 27．D 28．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了通过研究手机上留下微量的化学物质，我们可以得出用户的生活方式，手指在手机上留下关于你的线索。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind traces of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them. scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds.”（每次你的手指触摸手机，都会留下微量的化学物质。每种化学物质都为你和你的活动提供线索。一项新的研究发现，通过分析它们，科学家们可能能够拼凑出一个关于你最近生活的故事。）可推知，通过研究手机上的残留物，我们可以得出用户的生活方式。故选D项。 26．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared these to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier. which contains various substances. including spices. caffeine and medicines.”（科学家们发现了尽可能多的分子。然后，他们将这些数据与化学物质数据库进行了比较。加州大学圣地亚哥分校的药物化学家Pieter Dorrestein在几年前帮助建立了这个数据库，其中包含各种物质，包括香料、咖啡因和药物。）可推知，研究人员要做的第一件事是建立包含化学物质的数据库。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says, he’s never heard of police using phone residues to narrow down behavioral clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene.”（警方已经使用分子分析来寻找爆炸物或非法毒品的痕迹。Dorrestein说，到目前为止，他从未听说过警察利用手机残留物来缩小搜索嫌疑人的行为线索。但侦探可能有一天会使用这些数据来追踪在犯罪现场留下手机的人。）可推知，作者对于研究发现的应用持积极的态度。故选D项。 28．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind traces of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds.”（每次你的手指触摸手机，都会留下微量的化学物质。每种化学物质都为你和你的活动提供线索。一项新的研究发现，通过分析它们，科学家们可能能够拼凑出一个关于你最近生活的故事。）可知，文章主要讲的是通过研究手机上的残留物，我们可以得到用户的一些信息。故文章最好的标题是“手指在手机上留下关于你的线索”。故选A项。 9.（22-23高二上·广东清远·期中）Suppose you are out shopping and come across an old friend who starts telling you a story that seems to be dragging on and on. You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you!” Where did this come from? Clearly, your body language must have let out your inner feelings. The idea that verbal (口头的) and nonverbal messages can conflict was the inspiration for a recently published study from Yale University’s Lueylle Armentano. To test the role of verbal-nonverbal mismatch on emotional communication, Armentano and her partner created experimental conditions to see what happens when someone asks for help from strangers. The research team created videotapes of a fellow Yale student expressing nervousness in his words, bodily gestures, or both. The bodily gestures included running his hands through his hair, grabbing his arm, and facially expressing uneasiness. The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting. They needed to give their responses. Turning to the findings, those nonverbal cues (提示) of nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal cues. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal cues were high. Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others. Generally, when someone is speaking to you, you want to look like you’re interested. Not only should you maintain eye contact, but you should keep your body still and face toward the other person. 29．What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A．The obvious advantages of body language. B．The proper way to interact with old friends. C．A situation where body language is necessary. D．An example of the conflict of verbal and nonverbal messages. 30．What was the task of the 82 Yale students ? A．Try to win the nervous student’s trust. B．Identify the types of body language. C．Respond to the nervous student’s request. D．Express nervousness in their words. 31．What would probably win kindness from strangers? A．Positive attitude to nervousness. B．Good manners in front of others. C．Sincere verbal expressions. D．Nonverbal cues of nervousness 32．What is the purpose of  the writer in the last paragraph? A．Give some warnings. B．Present some facts. C．Offer suggestions. D．Make a prediction 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．D 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了耶鲁大学的Lueylle Armentano最近发表的一项研究，研究表明与人互动时，你的肢体语言可以胜过你的口头语言。 29．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后两句“You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops in their tracks and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you!(你想显得感兴趣，所以你偶尔说“哦”或“我明白了”。然而，让你惊讶的是，这个人生气地停下脚步说：“如果我让你感到无聊了，我很抱歉!”)”可知，这是一个言语和行为上不一致的一个举例，即语言和非语言不匹配的例子。故选D项。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting. They needed to give their responses.(关键问题是，其他的参与者，另外82名耶鲁学生，是否会相信这个学生，并提供他所要求的帮助。他们需要给出自己的反应)”可知，这82名耶鲁学生被要求对紧张的学生的要求作出回应。故选C项。 31．细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal cues were high.(令人惊讶的是，当紧张的言语表达较少而非言语暗示较多时，帮助行为最高)”可知，非语言暗示，即紧张的肢体动作是赢得善意最重要的因素。故选D项。 32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others.(意识到你的肢体语言可以胜过你的语言意味着当你与他人互动时，你需要注意你的身体在做什么)”结合全段可推知，本段作者主要是给出一些针对性的建议。故选C项。 10.（23-24高二上·新疆阿克苏·期末）Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring; while for Muslims it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (灾祸). People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches. Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 33．Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________. A．cultural values B．commercial purposes C．personal experiences D．physical reactions to the color 34．What does the underline word “restful” in Paragraph 3 refer to ? A．anxious B．painful C．interesting D．relaxing 35．Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button? A．To relax people physically. B．To increase people’s appetites. C．To encourage people to make a purchase. D．To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise. 36．What color might help lose weight according to the text? A．Red B．Green. C．Blue. D．Purple. 【答案】33．A 34．D 35．C 36．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同文化中颜色的意义和功能作用。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven.(答案很大程度上取决于文化价值观和个人经历。对埃及人来说，绿色代表着春天的希望和欢乐，而对穆斯林来说，绿色意味着天堂)”可知，穆斯林视绿色为天堂的象征，主要是因为他们的文化价值观。故选A。 34．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.(它有减轻痛苦和放松人的精神和身体的能力。研究发现，在绿色环境中工作的人胃痛较少)”可知，绿色有减轻痛苦和放松人的精神和身体的能力，故划线词意思是“令人放松的”。故选D。 35．推理判断题。根据第四段“Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.(红色会导致人的血压升高，增加人的食欲。许多装饰师会在餐厅中加入不同深浅的红色。同样，许多商业网站也会有一个红色的“立即购买”按钮，因为红色很容易吸引人的眼球)”可推断，很多商业网站都有红色的“立即购买”按钮，是因为红色可以让人冲动，容易做出选择。故选C。 36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Blue is another calming color. Unlike red blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.(蓝色是另一种平静的颜色。与红色不同，蓝色会使人失去食欲。所以，如果你想少吃点，有人建议用蓝色盘子吃饭会有所帮助)”可知，蓝色可以让人食欲下降，可以让人减肥。故选C。 11.（23-24高二上·山西吕梁·期末）“Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. “However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited.” PFAS chemicals, known for their longevity (持久) and potential harm, can affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. They are linked to various health issues. Furthermore, these chemicals are used in everyday items to make them waterproof and heat-resistant. For a more in-depth analysis, the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straws made from five materials—paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel and plastic, and then conducted two rounds of testing for PFAS. They found that most brands (69%) contained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in total. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% of the brands tested. PFAS was also detected in 80% of brands of bamboo straws, 75% of plastic straw brands and 40% of glass straw brands. They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straws tested. “The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable,” says Dr. Groffen. “We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw—or just avoid using straws.” The PFAS concentrations are low and cause a limited risk to human health, considering that most people only use straws occasionally. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. “Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body,” Dr. Groffen concludes. 37．What does the underlined word “discredited” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Exciting. B．Questionable. C．Simple. D．Related. 38．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Researchers found PFAS in all five types of straws. B．Bamboo straws contain more PFAS than paper ones. C．PFAS chemicals are not related to health problems. D．It will be long before PFAS breaks down in the environment. 39．What will the author be likely to talk about following the last paragraph? A．Choosing only bamboo straws. B．Using stainless steel straws widely. C．The potential risks of PFAS to humans. D．The duration for PFAS to break down in the body. 40．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A health magazine. C．A textbook. D．An advertisement. 【答案】37．B 38．D 39．C 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了安特卫普大学的环境科学家、研究员蒂莫·格罗芬博士表示，用纸和竹子等植物材料制成的吸管，通常被宣传为比塑料制成的吸管更可持续、更环保。然而，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的。 37．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“PFAS chemicals, known for their longevity (持久) and potential harm, can affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. (PFAS化学物质以其寿命长和潜在危害而闻名，可以影响人类、野生动物和环境。随着时间的推移，它们的生物降解非常缓慢，可以在环境中存在数千年，这使得它们被称为“永远的化学物质”。)” 由此可推知，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着之前的宣传是“令人质疑的”。“questionable”意为“可疑的,有问题的”，符合语境，故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. (随着时间的推移，它们的生物降解非常缓慢，可以在环境中存在数千年，这使得它们被称为“永远的化学物质”。)”可知，PFAS护额学物质为成为“永远的化学物质”，所以需要很长时间才能降解。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The PFAS concentrations are low and cause a limited risk to human health, considering that most people only use straws occasionally. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. “Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body,” Dr. Groffen concludes. (考虑到大多数人只是偶尔使用吸管，PFAS浓度很低，对人类健康造成的风险有限。然而，PFAS可以在体内停留多年，浓度会随着时间的推移而增加。“少量的PFAS虽然本身无害，但会增加体内已经存在的化学负荷，”Groffen博士总结道。)” PFAS浓度很低，考虑到大多数人往往只是偶尔使用吸管，因此对人体健康构成的风险有限。然而，PFAS可以在体内停留多年，浓度会随着时间的推移而增加。少量的PFAS虽然本身无害，但会增加体内已经存在的化学负荷。由此可推知，下一段旨在分析PFAS的潜在威胁。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“‘Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. “However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited.’ (安特卫普大学的环境科学家、研究员蒂莫·格罗芬博士说:“用纸和竹子等植物材料制成的吸管，通常被宣传为比塑料制成的吸管更可持续、更环保。”“然而，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的。”)”以及全文内容可知，本文讲述的是PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的，所以本文可能来自于健康杂志。故选B。 12.（23-24高二上·山东淄博·期末）One of the great diagnostic (诊断的) tools created in the last 30 years is the computed tomography (CT) scanner, which has been bettered over the years, with mobile capabilities. A CT scanner is a system that combines a series of X-ray images from different angles around the body and then uses a computer to create cross-sectional images. The results of the scan are ready within 15 to 30 minutes, enabling doctors to review and interpret the scan as soon as it is completed. It is important to note that fixed CT scanners are massive machines weighing up to 4, 000 kilograms that rely on high-voltage capacities and cooling machinery. However, there are some situations where fixed CT scanners are just too heavy to be used efficiently. This is where Mobile CT scanning units fit in: they bring the hospital to the patients. Mobile CT scanners are CT scanning systems on wheels meant to be moved easily from room to room. Over the years, the CT scanners technology improved and provided higher quality multi-functional imaging, while helping the transport to the patients point of care. When compared to fixed CT scanners, mobile CT’s were found to have very positive outcomes including: reduction in time of receiving diagnostic services; helping the patients’ recovery; reduction in total length of stay at the hospital; higher accuracy in patient management; as well as increased access and response to the patients’ needs. The possibility of risky events while transporting critically ill patients for CT imaging is as high as 71%. A key point is the mobile CT’s ability to perform imaging and to treat a patient without repositioning and by reducing the patients’ movements, which helps provide more accurate diagnosis. 41．What is stated in paragraph 2? A．The ways of scanning bones. B．The definition of an X-ray image. C．The preparation time of a scanner. D．The working principle of a CT scanner. 42．In paragraph 3, the author mentioned “they bring the hospital to the patients” to show ______. A．more hospitals are needed B．less people go to hospitals C．CT scans are more convenient D．scanning demands are increasing 43．What is the author’s attitude towards the mobile CT scanners? A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Unclear. 44．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．Staying in hospitals is becoming unnecessary. B．Patients shouldn’t be moved before having CT scans. C．Mobile CT scans can reduce negative incidents greatly. D．Doctors should pay more attention to managing patients. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．B 44．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍并强调移动CT仪的重要性和优势。 41．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“A CT scanner is a system that combines a series of X-ray images from different angles around the body and then uses a computer to create cross-sectional images. The results of the scan are ready within 15 to 30 minutes, enabling doctors to review and interpret the scan as soon as it is completed.(CT扫描仪是一种系统，它将身体周围不同角度的一系列x射线图像组合在一起，然后使用计算机创建横截面图像。扫描结果在15到30分钟内准备好，使医生能够在扫描完成后立即检查和解释扫描结果。)”可知，第二段CT扫描仪的工作原理。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“However, there are some situations where fixed CT scanners are just too heavy to be used efficiently. This is where Mobile CT scanning units fit in: they bring the hospital to the patients. Mobile CT scanners are CT scanning systems on wheels meant to be moved easily from room to room.(然而，在某些情况下，固定CT扫描仪太重而无法有效使用。这就是移动CT扫描设备的用武之地：它们把医院带到病人身边。移动CT扫描仪是一种装有轮子的CT扫描系统，可以很容易地从一个房间移动到另一个房间。)”可知，在第3段中，作者提到“他们把医院带到病人面前”，以表明CT扫描更方便。故选C。 43．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When compared to fixed CT scanners, mobile CT’s were found to have very positive outcomes including: reduction in time of receiving diagnostic services; helping the patients’ recovery; reduction in total length of stay at the hospital; higher accuracy in patient management; as well as increased access and response to the patients’ needs.( 与固定CT扫描仪相比，发现移动CT具有非常积极的结果，包括：减少接受诊断服务的时间；帮助患者康复；缩短住院总时间；提高患者管理的准确性；以及增加对患者需求的获取和响应。)”可知，作者在介绍移动CT扫描仪时，提到了它的多个优点，如减少患者接收诊断服务的时间、帮助患者恢复、提高患者管理的准确性等，这显示出作者对于移动CT扫描仪的支持态度。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When compared to fixed CT scanners, mobile CT’s were found to have very positive outcomes including: reduction in time of receiving diagnostic services; helping the patients’ recovery; reduction in total length of stay at the hospital; higher accuracy in patient management; as well as increased access and response to the patients’ needs.( 与固定CT扫描仪相比，发现移动CT具有非常积极的结果，包括：减少接受诊断服务的时间；帮助患者康复；缩短住院总时间；提高患者管理的准确性；以及增加对患者需求的获取和响应。)”和文章最后一段“The possibility of risky events while transporting critically ill patients for CT imaging is as high as 71%. A key point is the mobile CT’s ability to perform imaging and to treat a patient without repositioning and by reducing the patients’ movements, which helps provide more accurate diagnosis.(运送危重病人进行CT成像时发生危险事件的可能性高达71%。移动CT的一个关键点在于其成像和治疗病人的能力，无需重新定位和减少病人的运动，这有助于提供更准确的诊断。)”可推知，移动CT扫描可以大大减少负面事件。故选C。 13.（23-24高二上·河北保定·期末）I don’t know about you, but I have a deep-seated idea that taking 10,000 steps per day is the mark of an active lifestyle — which means it’s often pretty depressing to check the step tracker on my phone after an average day of writing while seated at my desk. At least, it was depressing until I read the conclusion of a recent research review published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. The authors found that taking just 4,000 steps per day (the equivalent of walking around two miles) is enough to significantly reduce your risk of premature death and walking as few as 2,500 steps per day may meaningfully reduce your risk of dying from cardiovascular-disease. That’s based on their analysis of 17 previously published studies on walking and health, which included more than 225,000 adults from multiple countries who were tracked for an average of seven years. The findings are no reason to shorten your daily stroll; walking more is better, the researchers found. They concluded that each additional 1,000 steps per day is linked to a roughly 15% lower risk of dying early from any cause, and they did not find evidence of a point at which additional activity stops being beneficial. So if you were already logging 10,000 steps a day, there’s no need to stop. But if, like me, you often fall short of that benchmark (基准), you can take comfort in the fact that even relatively small amounts of movement seem to measurably benefit health and longevity. That may sound too good to be true for 10,000-step devotees, but a number of recent studies — and the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans — have reached similar conclusions. Some research has shown that mild forms of movement not typically considered exercise, like housework, can have a meaningful impact on overall well-being, while other studies have argued that there are real benefits to getting even a few minutes of physical activity each day. Exercise, it seems, is a powerful tool for improving health — even in encouragingly small doses. 45．What is the author’s standard of an active lifestyle? A．Remaining seated for a long time. B．Writing at the desk. C．Checking the step tracker frequently. D．Taking 10,000 steps a day. 46．How did the author feel after reading the conclusion of the recent research review? A．Relieved. B．Depressed. C．Motivated. D．Confused. 47．Those having the habit of walking 10,000 steps a day are advised to ________ A．add 1,000 steps per day B．follow their usual habits C．reduce their walking by 15% D．have some stops during every long walk 48．What does the underlined word “doses” in the last paragraph mean? A．Steps. B．Houses. C．Amounts. D．Studies. 【答案】45．D 46．A 47．B 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了关于日常步行对健康影响的最新研究，特别是每日步数与死亡率和心血管疾病风险之间的关系。 45．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I don’t know about you, but I have a deep-seated idea that taking 10,000 steps per day is the mark of an active lifestyle—which means it’s often pretty depressing to check the step tracker on my phone after an average day of writing while seated at my desk.(我不知道你是怎么想的，但我有一个根深蒂固的想法，那就是每天走一万步是积极生活方式的标志——这意味着在坐在办公桌前写完一天的文章后，查看手机上的步数追踪器通常会让我很沮丧。)”可知，作者认为每天走10,000步是积极生活方式的标志。故选D。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“At least, it was depressing until I read the conclusion of a recent research review published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. The authors found that taking just 4,000 steps per day (the equivalent of walking around two miles) is enough to significantly reduce your risk of premature death and walking as few as 2,500 steps per day may meaningfully reduce your risk of dying from cardiovascular-disease.(至少，直到我读到最近发表在《欧洲预防心脏病学杂志》(European Journal of Preventive Cardiology)上的一篇研究综述的结论，我都感到沮丧。研究人员发现，每天走4000步(相当于步行约两英里)就足以显著降低过早死亡的风险，每天走2500步就可以显著降低死于心血管疾病的风险。)”以及文章第四段“But if, like me, you often fall short of that benchmark (基准), you can take comfort in the fact that even relatively small amounts of movement seem to measurably benefit health and longevity.(但是，如果你像我一样，经常达不到这个标准，你可以放心，即使是相对少量的运动似乎也能明显地有益于健康和长寿。)”可推测，可以看出，作者在看到研究综述的结论之前是沮丧的，但之后情况有所改变。接下来，文章描述了研究综述的结论，即每天走4,000步就足以显著降低早逝的风险，而每天走2,500步也可能有意义地降低死于心血管疾病的风险。这暗示了作者看完结论后感到欣慰或轻松。故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The findings are no reason to shorten your daily stroll; walking more is better, the researchers found. They concluded that each additional 1,000 steps per day is linked to a roughly 15% lower risk of dying early from any cause, and they did not find evidence of a point at which additional activity stops being beneficial. So if you were already logging 10,000 steps a day, there’s no need to stop.(这些发现并不是缩短每天散步时间的理由；研究人员发现，走路越多越好。他们得出的结论是，每天多走1000步，任何原因导致的早死风险都会降低约15%，而且他们没有发现任何证据表明，多走1000步就会停止有益的活动。所以，如果你已经每天记录一万步，那就没有必要停下来了。)”可知，研究人员发现走更多的步数是有益的，但他们也指出，如果已经每天走10,000步，则没有必要停止。这暗示着已经每天走10,000步的人可以保持他们的习惯，不需要进一步增加步数。故选B。 48．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Some research has shown that mild forms of movement not typically considered exercise, like housework, can have a meaningful impact on overall well-being, while other studies have argued that there are real benefits to getting even a few minutes of physical activity each day.(一些研究表明，通常不被认为是锻炼的温和运动形式，比如家务，可以对整体健康产生有意义的影响，而其他研究则认为，每天哪怕只进行几分钟的体育活动，也会带来真正的好处。)”可知，上文讲述的是锻炼或者活动，不管多少，都会有好处。再结合划线单词上文“Exercise, it seems, is a powerful tool for improving health(运动似乎是改善健康的有力工具)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“数量”相似，指的是不管数量多小，运动似乎都是改善健康的有力工具。选项A“Steps (步伐)”；选项B“Houses (房子)”；选项C“Amounts (数量)”；选项D“Studies (研究)”。故选C。 14.（23-24高二上·福建莆田·期末）Self-control is the ability to regulate and adjust responses in order to avoid undesirable behaviors, increase desirable ones, and achieve long-term goals. Common goals such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating healthy food, giving up bad habits, and saving money are just a few worthwhile ambitions that people believe require self-control. One 2011 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 27 percent of subjects identified a lack of willpower as the primary factor keeping them from reaching their goals. Researchers have found that people who have better self-control tend to be healthier and happier. In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-control had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores. The psychologist Walter Michel conducted famous experiments in 1975 that were related to delayed gratification. In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats. At this point, the researcher would leave the child alone in a room with a single treat. Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat. Based on his research, Michel proposed what he referred to as a “hot-and-cool” system to explain the ability to delay gratification. The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive (冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational (理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses. Self-control is an important skill that allows us to regulate behavior in order to achieve our long-term goals. Research has shown that self-control is not only important for goal attainment, and people with greater willpower also tend to do better on all sides. 49．What kind of students does the author think will most probably do best in studies? A．Those having the highest IQ scores. B．Those respecting the teacher most. C．Those having the greatest willpower. D．Those performing most actively in class. 50．What does the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Effect. B．Competition. C．Hardship. D．Enjoyment. 51．What can we learn from the experiments made by Michel in 1975? A．Few children could get two treats. B．Not all the kids were short of patience. C．Most of the children ate another treat. D．Self-control is very important for one’s future. 52．Which of the following behaviors belongs to the cool system? A．Consuming plenty of sweet food. B．Staying up late at night often. C．Copying others’ homework. D．Quitting drinking high-sugar drinks. 【答案】49．C 50．D 51．B 52．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了自我控制的定义、重要性以及心理学家沃尔特·米歇尔在 1975 年进行的著名实验。 49．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-control had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores.（在一项实验中，表现出更强自我控制能力的学生成绩更好，考试分数更高，更有可能被一个有竞争力的学术项目录取。这项研究还发现，当谈到学业成功时，自我控制比智商更重要。）”可知，作者认为自我控制能力（即：意志力）最强的学生在学习上会表现得最好。故选C项。 50．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats.（在这些实验中，孩子们可以选择马上吃一种零食，通常是一块饼干或一颗糖，或者他们可以等待一小段时间以获得两种零食。）”可知，实验中孩子们选择马上吃零食或等待一段时间以获得两种零食，是在选择立刻享受还是延迟享受，所以“delayed gratification”可以理解为“延迟willpower”，划线词词义为“享受、享用”。故选D项。 51．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat.（毫不奇怪，许多孩子在实验者离开房间的那一刻选择吃单一零食。然而，一些孩子能够等待第二种零食。）”可知，并不是所有的孩子都缺乏耐心。故选B项。 52．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive (冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational (理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses.（热系统指的是我们意志力中情绪化和冲动的部分，促使我们按照自己的欲望行事。冷系统是我们意志力中理性和深思熟虑的部分，使我们能够考虑我们行为的后果，以抵制我们的冲动。）”可知，冷系统是意志力中理性和深思熟虑的部分，能让我们考虑行为的后果，抵制冲动。D 项“停止饮用高糖饮料”属于抵制冲动的行为，符合冷系统的特点。故选 D项。 15.（23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles. Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other. Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowd sourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian. This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale. The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says. Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake. “We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.” 53．What can we know about GANs? A．GANs can cheat trained observers. B．GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks. C．GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones. D．GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones. 54．Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research? A．To warn people the risk of online fraud. B．To train people to discover fake photos online. C．To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones. D．To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people. 55．What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph? A．Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed. B．Effective ways are needed but not found yet. C．Watermarks are an effective way against fake images. D．Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images. 56．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Development of Internet scams. B．Development of AI technology C．Will fake faces look more trustworthy? D．Legal frameworks for GANs 【答案】53．C 54．C 55．D 56．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究主要探讨了生成对抗网络（GANs）如何创建出逼真的假人脸图像，这些图像能够欺骗观察者，甚至训练过的观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Al programs called generative adversarial networks(生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other.(被称为生成对抗网络或GANs的人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。)”可知，GANs是一种人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。故选C。 54．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people.( Nightingale和她在加州大学伯克利分校的同事Hany Farid在一个众包网站上招募了315名参与者，让他们回答是否能分辨出400张假照片和400张真人照片。)”可知，Nightingale和Farid进行这项研究的目的是看看人们是否能分辨出假脸和真脸。故选C。 55．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. (Nightingale说：“我们需要更严格的道德准则和更多的法律框架，因为不可避免地会有人想要使用这些图像来造成伤害，这令人担忧。”)”以及最后一段“To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.”(为了降低这些风险，开发人员可以在图像上添加水印来标记它们是假的。她说。“在我看来，这已经够糟糕的了。如果我们不采取措施阻止它，情况只会变得更糟。”)”可知，Nightingale认为开发人员应该采取措施来标记假脸照片，以防止这些照片被用来对别人造成伤害。故选D。 56．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles.(计算机生成的虚构人脸非常逼真，甚至可以骗过训练有素的观察者。它们可以很容易地在网上下载并用于网络诈骗和伪造社交媒体资料。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要聚焦于生成对抗网络（GANs）创建的假人脸图像如何逼真到足以欺骗观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。文章还探讨了假人脸图像在信任度评价方面的影响，以及由此引发的对伦理和法律问题的关注。选项C“Will fake faces look more trustworthy? (假脸会看起来更可信吗？)” 最能概括文章的核心内容，即探讨假人脸图像的逼真性和其对人们信任度评价的影响。这个标题既体现了文章的核心讨论点，也具有一定的吸引力，能够引起读者的兴趣。故选C。 16.（23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）This question has fascinated behavioural scientists for decades: why do we give money to charity? The explanations for charitable giving fall into three broad categories, from the purely altruisic (利他的)— I donate because I value the social good done by the charity. The “impurely” altruistic— I donate because I extract value from knowing I contribute to the social good for the charity. And the not-at-all altruistic— I donate because I want to show off to potential mates how rich I am. But are these motives strong enough to enable people to donate as much as they would want to? Most people support charities in one way or another, but often we struggle to make donations as often as we think we should. Although many people would like to leave a gift to charity in their will, they forget about it when the time comes. Many people are also aware that they should donate to the causes that have the highest impact, but facts and figures are less attractive than narratives. In a series of experiments, it was found that people are much more responsive to charitable pleas that feature a single, identifiable beneficiary(受益者), than they are to statistical information about the scale of the problem being faced. When it comes to charitable giving, we are often ruled by our hearts and not our heads. The good news is that charitable giving is contagious—seeing others give makes an individual more likely to give and gentle encouragement from an important person in your life can also make a big difference to your donation decisions— more than quadrupling them in our recent study. Habit also plays a part— in three recent experiments those who volunteered before were more likely to do donate their time than those who had not volunteered before. In summary, behavioural science identifies a range of factors that influence our donations, and can help us to keep giving in the longer term. This is great news not just for charities, but also for donors. 57．What can we learn about people who do charitable giving? A．Most people support charity as often as they think they should. B．Some people don’t want to leave a gift to charity until the time comes. C．Those who donate because they can gain an advantage are purely altruistic. D．Some people send money to charity simply to tell others they are wealthy. 58．In which way will people donate more willingly? A．Not revealing the names of the donors. B．Showing figures about the seriousness of the problem. C．Telling stories that feature a single, recognizable beneficiary. D．Reminding people to write down what to donate in the will in advance. 59．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean? A．People will learn from others and follow the suit. B．Many people are familiar with charitable giving. C．Charitable giving helps the beneficiary in all aspects. D．Charitable giving can bring a lot of benefits to donors. 60．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To persuade more people to donate. B．To explain the science behind why people donate. C．To criticize some false charitable giving behaviours. D．To explore approaches to making people donate more. 【答案】57．D 58．C 59．A 60．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了人们把钱捐给慈善机构背后的科学原因。 57．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And the not-at-all altruistic— I donate because I want to show off to potential mates how rich I am.(而完全不是利他主义的——我捐赠是因为我想向潜在的伴侣炫耀我有多有钱。)”可知，我们能从慈善捐赠的人身上了解到，有些人把钱捐给慈善机构只是为了告诉别人他们很富有。故选D项。 58．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a series of experiments, it was found that people are much more responsive to charitable pleas that feature a single, identifiable beneficiary(受益者), than they are to statistical information about the scale of the problem being faced. When it comes to charitable giving, we are often ruled by our hearts and not our heads.(在一系列的实验中，人们发现人们对以单一的、可识别的受益人为特征的慈善请求的反应要比他们对所面临的问题规模的统计信息的反应要大得多。当涉及到慈善捐赠时，我们常常被我们的心而不是我们的头脑所支配。)”可知，通过讲述一个单一的、可识别的受益人的故事, 人们更愿意捐赠。故选C项。 59．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“seeing others give makes an individual more likely to give and gentle encouragement from an important person in your life can also make a big difference to your donation decisions(看到别人捐赠会让一个人更愿意捐赠，生活中重要的人的温柔鼓励也会对你的捐赠决定产生很大的影响)”说明捐赠是易受别人影响的，从而推知划线词句“The good news is that charitable giving is contagious (好消息是，慈善捐赠是有传染性的)”其中划线句子应为“慈善捐赠是有传染性的”的意思，与A项“人们会向别人学习并效仿”同义。故选A项。 60．推理判断题。根据第一段“This question has fascinated behavioural scientists for decades: why do we give money to charity?(这个问题几十年来一直困扰着行为科学家:我们为什么要把钱捐给慈善机构?)”和最后一段中“In summary, behavioural science identifies a range of factors that influence our donations, and can help us to keep giving in the longer term.(总之，行为科学确定了一系列影响我们捐赠的因素，并可以帮助我们在更长的时间内继续捐赠。)”可知，文章的写作目的是解释人们捐赠背后的科学原因。故选B项。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 阅读理解16篇 1.（23-24高二下·江西吉安·阶段练习）From Milan to Riyadh, these culture-packed cities offer creative experiences, whether through interesting street arts, innovative exhibitions or award-winning architectures. Milan Milan’s fashion heritage dates back to its days as an important trading center, when rich businessmen would bring luxurious clothes to the city and improve their bartering (以物易物) skills in its streets. The area’s fashion-forward reputation was later strengthened by design masters such as Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana and Versace, all of whom grew their brands here. Shanghai Shanghai has a long history in the fields of art and architecture, and has long attracted creative professionals both domestically and internationally. But today, the integration of traditional temples into the surrounding modern metropolis (大都市) continues to attract tourists. Begin with a wander through the streets of the original Old City, taking in the 600-year-old City God Temple and the nine-bend Jiu Qu Qiao. Then, make for the Shanghai Museum, where more than a million artifacts — including ancient sculptures, china and calligraphy — are on display. Copenhagen Copenhagen’s architecture has been awarded many honors over the years, including UNESCO World Capital of Architecture 2023. Today, many of the city’s most popular tour routes centre on these eye-catching aspects. The harbour-front Copenhagen Opera House presents a neo-futuristic style while the Black Diamond Royal Library and the Bicycle Bridge dot the skyline with their distinctive designs. Riyadh Saudi Arabia’s largest city Riyadh has actively positioned itself as a global destination for creative travellers and to this end, it has established the Riyadh Art initiative. The first public art project of its kind in the country, Riyadh Art aims to transform the city into a “gallery without walls” through public art installations, festivals and workshops. 1．What is Milan famous for? A．Its festivals. B．Its fashion products. C．Its architecture. D．Its modern art. 2．Where will you go if you want to visit the Bicycle Bridge? A．Copenhagen. B．Shanghai. C．Milan. D．Riyadh. 3．What do we know about Riyadh? A．It is Saudi Arabia’s second largest city. B．It has a lot of galleries without walls. C．It aims to attract creative visitors. D．It plans to set up the Riyadh Art initiative. 2.（22-23高一下·安徽安庆·期末）For children, space is magical — a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 4．What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A．They include less-known astronauts. B．They tell about scientists’ childhood. C．They cover women exploring space. D．They are suitable for children of all ages. 5．Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A．Stasia Burrington’s. B．Libby Jackson’s. C．Leland Melvin’s. D．David A．Aguilar’s. 6．What is unique to System and Beyond? A．It has beautiful pictures. B．It tells about space artists. C．It has won many grand awards. D．It was written by an astronomer. 3.（23-24高二上·重庆·期末）The following are a series of new parks that have opened around the world in the last two years. They are undoubtedly satisfying getaways for parents and children to squeeze in moments of fun.Katmandu Park, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic Opened in March 2023 on the east coast of the Dominican Republic, the park is full of mystery. According to legend, explorer Kilgore Goode was on an adventure through Nepal when he came across the “Desirata” jewel, protected by a fierce snowman. The key attractions include the 4D ride “Legend of Desirata” and “EtherQuest”, an interactive upside-down house. Tickets: $120 for adults; $85for children.Ghibli Park, Japan Located outside of Nagoya, Japan, Ghibli Park opened in late 2022．Within the 17.5forested ground of the Expo 2005, guests will find five areas that recreate several lively famous scenes of the famous animated movies “Spirited Away” and “My Neighbor Totoro”. Tickets: $15for adults; $7.5for children.Peppa Pig Theme Park, Florida The world’s first Peppa Pig Theme Park opened in 2022 in Winter Haven, Florida, and has been delighting children ever since. Committed to the classic British animated TV show, where little Peppa has everyday adventures with her friends and family, the 4.5-acre park welcomes children with well-designed, multi-sensory activities across six areas. Tickets: $34 for adults; $25for children.Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park, Malaysia Located within Resorts World Genting, about an hour’s drive from Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur, Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park opened in January 2022．Across the 26-acre park, which cost $800 million and took nearly 10 years to create, visitors will find 26 attractions across nine areas inspired by movies and explorations. Tickets: $30 for adults; $25for children. 7．How much will the Smiths with their daughter pay to visit Ghibli Park? A．$22.5． B．$30． C．$37.5． D．$45． 8．What do we know about Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park? A．It has nine attractions in all. B．It is located in Malaysia’s capital. C．It has been opened for almost two years. D．It is the biggest movie-centered park worldwide. 9．What do the four parks have in common? A．They are all inspired by legends. B．They are all family-friendly parks. C．They all took a long time to create. D．They were all built in the same year. 4.（23-24高二上·四川乐山·期末）Finding a new book to read can be hard. Here are several different ways you can find your next favorite book to read! Local Library Most libraries allow anyone to walk in and look around. Head over to the sections that interest you and browse the shelves, then use your phone to look up any books that catch your eye. Or if you want to support your local library, just check the book out. You could also talk to the librarian. If you tell them what kinds of books you’re looking for, they’ll be able to point you in the right direction. Online Book Stores Amazon, AbeBooks, and Better World Books are all great options. Most online book stores allow sorting by recent releases, and it’s a great way to discover books you’ve never heard of before. Check out the first few pages’ previews, reviews and ratings, and if you like it, buy it! Meetup Book Clubs If you prefer to get your book recommendations through dialogue and discussion, then Meetup might be the option for you. Book clubs on Meetup are pretty straightforward; they tell you which book to read, and then you discuss it as a group. Meetup groups might hold events once a month, once a week, or maybe even multiple times a week. If one group isn’t enough, you can always join multiple. Goodreads One of the easiest ways to discover new books to read is to use a book recommendation site like Goodreads. Every year, Goodreads puts out “Best Books” for all major genres (体裁), including Fantasy, Horror, Poetry, Romance, and Young Adult. Each genre has 20 entries, and you can view past years’ awards back to 2011. Once you’ve added and rated enough books, Goodreads will begin recommending other books that you might like. 10．What help can you receive from a local library? A．Financial support. B．The librarian’s assistance. C．Group study. D．Advice on book choice. 11．What’s special about Meetup Book Clubs? A．They hold reading activities on a daily basis. B．They sort out books by recent releases. C．They offer group discussions about books. D．They allow members to get books for free. 12．Which of the following recommends books based on your preference? A．Local Library. B．Online Book Stores. C．Meetup Book Clubs. D．Goodreads. 5.（23-24高二上·云南·期末）Habiba Othman decided to swap (交换) her flat for adventure. Initially, she swapped just with people from the south of France, but then she swapped globally. Habiba says house-swapping has changed her life and she will continue swapping her flat until she’s seen the world. Habiba’s first introduction into house-swapping was as a teenager watching The Holiday one Christmas. But it was only after re-watching the film in 2020 that Habiba felt inspired to house-swap and solo-travel. Habiba decided to bite the bullet in July 2020, travelling to the south of France in her first swaps. Then, Habiba travelled to the UK, to live in homes across England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. She has enjoyed travelling solo (单独地). “I do like travelling with friends, but I prefer to travel alone because it is easier to plan and budget and I’m really lucky my work is very flexible so I can work wherever I want.” Travelling solo — and living in someone’s home and not a hotel also opens up different experiences, she says. She said, “When I travel, I like to live like a local and really immerse myself into the local life and get the real experience. Plus, house swapping is more comfortable.” Another benefit of house-swapping is that it is easier to make friends, Habiba has found. She said, “One time, I swapped houses with a girl in Rome and she took me out to dinner to meet all her friends and that was amazing — they were so warm and welcoming. She is coming to my place for Christmas this year, which is lovely.” As well as having adventure, Habiba estimates she has saved around £20,000 on hotel fees. She said, “I used to use hotels or Airbnb or bed and breakfasts, depending on what I could afford. But if you swap your home with the owners of the one you are visiting, it is completely free. I have basically saved between five and 10k each year by house swapping, rather than using hotels or Airbnb.” 13．What is Habiba’s ambition according to Paragraph 1? A．To swap for flats better than hers. B．To save on living expenses by swapping houses. C．To make friends worldwide by house-swapping. D．To keep swapping houses while touring around the world. 14．What inspired Habiba to try house-swapping? A．Her nature to take adventure and travel alone. B．A teenager she got to know one Christmas. C．Watching the movie The Holiday once again. D．Her pleasant travel experience in southern France. 15．How many benefits of house-swapping are mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 16．Which of the following best describes Habiba? A．Adventurous. B．Tightfisted. C．Faithful. D．Greedy. 6.（23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. In 1580, Galilei entered the University of Pisa to study medicine. Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics. While at the University of Pisa, Galilei was exposed to the Aristotelian view of the world, the only one approved by the Roman Catholic Church at that time. At first, Galilei also supported this view, like any other person of his time. In 1589, Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. And he made his famous experiments with falling objects there. Then Galilei began to write about his discovery of the falling objects, which was against the Aristotelian theory. For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592. But Galilei continued his scientific study. In July 1609, Galilei learned about a simple telescope (望远镜) made by Dutch eyeglass makers and soon developed one of his own. In August, he showed it to some Venetian businessmen who saw its usefulness in sailing and spotting ships. They gave Galilei a salary and asked him to make several telescopes for them. Galilei’s ambition pushed him to go further. In the fall of 1609, he turned his telescope towards space. Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galilei observed the Moon and proved the planet Venus moved around the Sun, which was against the Aristotelian theory that the Earth was the centre of the universe. In January 1610, he discovered four moons moving around Jupiter. He also found that the telescope showed much more stars than the naked eye (肉眼) could see. These discoveries were startling, and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries. Galilei’s great contributions to our understanding of the universe include not only his discoveries, but also the methods he developed and the use of mathematics to prove them. 17．Which subject was Galilei most interested in while he was at university? A．Medicine B．Physics C．Chemistry D．Philosophy 18．Why did Galilei lose his job at the University of Pisa? A．His teaching method failed to attract his students. B．His relationship with other professors wasn’t good. C．His scientific discovery wasn’t supported by some people. D．His potential related to science wasn’t fully developed then. 19．What does the underlined word “startling” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Surprising. B．Unwelcome. C．Terrible. D．Encouraging. 20．Which of the following words can be used to describe Galilei? A．Enthusiastic B．Determined C．Courageous D．All the above 7.（23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）Shen Yue, 26, was born in East China’s Shandong province, a region that many people believe prioritizes secure, officially-budgeted positions such as civil service. However, Shen’s decision to dive into the unpredictable world of full-time video blogging after graduating in 2019, with a focus on the popular game League of Legends (LOL), raised eyebrows. Initially, Shen’s family supported his career choice, but when he struggled to make ends meet within the first year, they began to advise him to seek a more secure job. But Shen remained determined and persisted with his chosen path. A turning point in Shen’s career occurred at the start of this year when he posted a seemingly odd video, replacing the D and F keys on a keyboard, crucial for in-game character actions, with a foot pedal. Describing it as a “pointless invention” created for fun, Shen admitted that the video initially received limited attention. But a message from a viewer who had lost an arm in a car accident changed everything. The viewer, who relied on one hand to play games, sought guidance on creating a similar foot pedal. “I hadn’t realized that there would be disabled players in need of this kind of pedal,” Shen said. Despite his limited knowledge of circuit-building, he managed to produce 10 different foot pedals and traveled to Chongqing to personally assist the player in installation(安装), gaining valuable feedback. “Due to physical limitations, this player could only operate two simple game characters,” Shen explained. However, with this device, which allows the player to pedal with his foot, he can now play games like a regular person using a keyboard. Recognizing the diverse needs of disabled players nationwide, Shen started providing free assistance in making these pedals. The continuous feedback within the community encouraged Shen to improve his inventions constantly. Shen’s videos recording his experiences touched many internet users, earning him the title of the true “legend” of LOL. “I’m honored to receive this praise. But the real legends were the audience whose support had made the needs of disabled players easier to understand,” he said. 21．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．Shen’s career was thought to be promising. B．Shen’s difficulties didn’t defeat him. C．Shen’s family were always for his choice. D．Shen’s job focused on developing games. 22．The viewer’s message made Shen realize that _________. A．there was some use for the foot pedal B．different foot pedals should be created C．he helped the disabled use pedals D．he needed to accept others’ feedback 23．Which of the following best describes Shen? A．Modest and honest. B．Determined and creative. C．Helpful and brave. D．Kind and humorous. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Usefulness of “Uselessness” B．Blogs of a blogger C．Possibility of the Disabled D．Knowing of “Unknowns” 8.（23-24高二上·湖南·期中）Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind traces of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them. scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds. A molecule is a group of atoms. It represents the smallest amount of some chemical. Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything you’ve touched. With each new thing your skin contacts, you leave behind some small share of what it’d touched earlier. Researchers at the University of California. San Diego (UCSD)recently analyzed such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers. The study was led by biochemist Amina Bouslimani. To explore those remains, the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteer’s phone with a cotton swab(药棉签). The scientists also swabbed each person’s right hand. Then the researchers compared the chemicals found on each cell phone. The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared these to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein. a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines. Traces of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone. The molecules reflected what had been in the body, and what each person had handled before touching the phone. From all these molecules, Bouslimani says. “We could tell if a person is likely female, uses high-end cosmetics, dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.” Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says. he’s never heard of police using phone remains to narrow down behavioral clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene. 25．What can we conclude about the user by analyzing the leftovers on the phone? A．Personality. B．Intelligence. C．Appearance. D．Lifestyle. 26．What was the first thing needed to be done for the study? A．Comparing different chemicals. B．Hiring volunteers with cell phones. C．Building a database containing chemicals. D．Collecting the chemicals from phones. 27．What’s the author’s attitude towards the application of the research finding? A．Uninterested. B．Disappointed. C．Doubtful. D．Positive. 28．What should be the best title for the text? A．Fingers Leave Clues about You on Your Phone B．Your Phone May Be Home to Various Chemicals C．Molecules Are Used to Search for Illegal Drugs D．Cell Phones Will be Used in More Fields 9.（22-23高二上·广东清远·期中）Suppose you are out shopping and come across an old friend who starts telling you a story that seems to be dragging on and on. You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you!” Where did this come from? Clearly, your body language must have let out your inner feelings. The idea that verbal (口头的) and nonverbal messages can conflict was the inspiration for a recently published study from Yale University’s Lueylle Armentano. To test the role of verbal-nonverbal mismatch on emotional communication, Armentano and her partner created experimental conditions to see what happens when someone asks for help from strangers. The research team created videotapes of a fellow Yale student expressing nervousness in his words, bodily gestures, or both. The bodily gestures included running his hands through his hair, grabbing his arm, and facially expressing uneasiness. The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting. They needed to give their responses. Turning to the findings, those nonverbal cues (提示) of nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal cues. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal cues were high. Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others. Generally, when someone is speaking to you, you want to look like you’re interested. Not only should you maintain eye contact, but you should keep your body still and face toward the other person. 29．What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A．The obvious advantages of body language. B．The proper way to interact with old friends. C．A situation where body language is necessary. D．An example of the conflict of verbal and nonverbal messages. 30．What was the task of the 82 Yale students ? A．Try to win the nervous student’s trust. B．Identify the types of body language. C．Respond to the nervous student’s request. D．Express nervousness in their words. 31．What would probably win kindness from strangers? A．Positive attitude to nervousness. B．Good manners in front of others. C．Sincere verbal expressions. D．Nonverbal cues of nervousness 32．What is the purpose of  the writer in the last paragraph? A．Give some warnings. B．Present some facts. C．Offer suggestions. D．Make a prediction 10.（23-24高二上·新疆阿克苏·期末）Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring; while for Muslims it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (灾祸). People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches. Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 33．Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________. A．cultural values B．commercial purposes C．personal experiences D．physical reactions to the color 34．What does the underline word “restful” in Paragraph 3 refer to ? A．anxious B．painful C．interesting D．relaxing 35．Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button? A．To relax people physically. B．To increase people’s appetites. C．To encourage people to make a purchase. D．To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise. 36．What color might help lose weight according to the text? A．Red B．Green. C．Blue. D．Purple. 11.（23-24高二上·山西吕梁·期末）“Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. “However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited.” PFAS chemicals, known for their longevity (持久) and potential harm, can affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. They are linked to various health issues. Furthermore, these chemicals are used in everyday items to make them waterproof and heat-resistant. For a more in-depth analysis, the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straws made from five materials—paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel and plastic, and then conducted two rounds of testing for PFAS. They found that most brands (69%) contained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in total. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% of the brands tested. PFAS was also detected in 80% of brands of bamboo straws, 75% of plastic straw brands and 40% of glass straw brands. They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straws tested. “The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable,” says Dr. Groffen. “We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw—or just avoid using straws.” The PFAS concentrations are low and cause a limited risk to human health, considering that most people only use straws occasionally. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. “Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body,” Dr. Groffen concludes. 37．What does the underlined word “discredited” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Exciting. B．Questionable. C．Simple. D．Related. 38．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Researchers found PFAS in all five types of straws. B．Bamboo straws contain more PFAS than paper ones. C．PFAS chemicals are not related to health problems. D．It will be long before PFAS breaks down in the environment. 39．What will the author be likely to talk about following the last paragraph? A．Choosing only bamboo straws. B．Using stainless steel straws widely. C．The potential risks of PFAS to humans. D．The duration for PFAS to break down in the body. 40．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A health magazine. C．A textbook. D．An advertisement. 12.（23-24高二上·山东淄博·期末）One of the great diagnostic (诊断的) tools created in the last 30 years is the computed tomography (CT) scanner, which has been bettered over the years, with mobile capabilities. A CT scanner is a system that combines a series of X-ray images from different angles around the body and then uses a computer to create cross-sectional images. The results of the scan are ready within 15 to 30 minutes, enabling doctors to review and interpret the scan as soon as it is completed. It is important to note that fixed CT scanners are massive machines weighing up to 4, 000 kilograms that rely on high-voltage capacities and cooling machinery. However, there are some situations where fixed CT scanners are just too heavy to be used efficiently. This is where Mobile CT scanning units fit in: they bring the hospital to the patients. Mobile CT scanners are CT scanning systems on wheels meant to be moved easily from room to room. Over the years, the CT scanners technology improved and provided higher quality multi-functional imaging, while helping the transport to the patients point of care. When compared to fixed CT scanners, mobile CT’s were found to have very positive outcomes including: reduction in time of receiving diagnostic services; helping the patients’ recovery; reduction in total length of stay at the hospital; higher accuracy in patient management; as well as increased access and response to the patients’ needs. The possibility of risky events while transporting critically ill patients for CT imaging is as high as 71%. A key point is the mobile CT’s ability to perform imaging and to treat a patient without repositioning and by reducing the patients’ movements, which helps provide more accurate diagnosis. 41．What is stated in paragraph 2? A．The ways of scanning bones. B．The definition of an X-ray image. C．The preparation time of a scanner. D．The working principle of a CT scanner. 42．In paragraph 3, the author mentioned “they bring the hospital to the patients” to show ______. A．more hospitals are needed B．less people go to hospitals C．CT scans are more convenient D．scanning demands are increasing 43．What is the author’s attitude towards the mobile CT scanners? A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Unclear. 44．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．Staying in hospitals is becoming unnecessary. B．Patients shouldn’t be moved before having CT scans. C．Mobile CT scans can reduce negative incidents greatly. D．Doctors should pay more attention to managing patients. 13.（23-24高二上·河北保定·期末）I don’t know about you, but I have a deep-seated idea that taking 10,000 steps per day is the mark of an active lifestyle — which means it’s often pretty depressing to check the step tracker on my phone after an average day of writing while seated at my desk. At least, it was depressing until I read the conclusion of a recent research review published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. The authors found that taking just 4,000 steps per day (the equivalent of walking around two miles) is enough to significantly reduce your risk of premature death and walking as few as 2,500 steps per day may meaningfully reduce your risk of dying from cardiovascular-disease. That’s based on their analysis of 17 previously published studies on walking and health, which included more than 225,000 adults from multiple countries who were tracked for an average of seven years. The findings are no reason to shorten your daily stroll; walking more is better, the researchers found. They concluded that each additional 1,000 steps per day is linked to a roughly 15% lower risk of dying early from any cause, and they did not find evidence of a point at which additional activity stops being beneficial. So if you were already logging 10,000 steps a day, there’s no need to stop. But if, like me, you often fall short of that benchmark (基准), you can take comfort in the fact that even relatively small amounts of movement seem to measurably benefit health and longevity. That may sound too good to be true for 10,000-step devotees, but a number of recent studies — and the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans — have reached similar conclusions. Some research has shown that mild forms of movement not typically considered exercise, like housework, can have a meaningful impact on overall well-being, while other studies have argued that there are real benefits to getting even a few minutes of physical activity each day. Exercise, it seems, is a powerful tool for improving health — even in encouragingly small doses. 45．What is the author’s standard of an active lifestyle? A．Remaining seated for a long time. B．Writing at the desk. C．Checking the step tracker frequently. D．Taking 10,000 steps a day. 46．How did the author feel after reading the conclusion of the recent research review? A．Relieved. B．Depressed. C．Motivated. D．Confused. 47．Those having the habit of walking 10,000 steps a day are advised to ________ A．add 1,000 steps per day B．follow their usual habits C．reduce their walking by 15% D．have some stops during every long walk 48．What does the underlined word “doses” in the last paragraph mean? A．Steps. B．Houses. C．Amounts. D．Studies. 14.（23-24高二上·福建莆田·期末）Self-control is the ability to regulate and adjust responses in order to avoid undesirable behaviors, increase desirable ones, and achieve long-term goals. Common goals such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating healthy food, giving up bad habits, and saving money are just a few worthwhile ambitions that people believe require self-control. One 2011 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 27 percent of subjects identified a lack of willpower as the primary factor keeping them from reaching their goals. Researchers have found that people who have better self-control tend to be healthier and happier. In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-control had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores. The psychologist Walter Michel conducted famous experiments in 1975 that were related to delayed gratification. In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats. At this point, the researcher would leave the child alone in a room with a single treat. Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat. Based on his research, Michel proposed what he referred to as a “hot-and-cool” system to explain the ability to delay gratification. The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive (冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational (理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses. Self-control is an important skill that allows us to regulate behavior in order to achieve our long-term goals. Research has shown that self-control is not only important for goal attainment, and people with greater willpower also tend to do better on all sides. 49．What kind of students does the author think will most probably do best in studies? A．Those having the highest IQ scores. B．Those respecting the teacher most. C．Those having the greatest willpower. D．Those performing most actively in class. 50．What does the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Effect. B．Competition. C．Hardship. D．Enjoyment. 51．What can we learn from the experiments made by Michel in 1975? A．Few children could get two treats. B．Not all the kids were short of patience. C．Most of the children ate another treat. D．Self-control is very important for one’s future. 52．Which of the following behaviors belongs to the cool system? A．Consuming plenty of sweet food. B．Staying up late at night often. C．Copying others’ homework. D．Quitting drinking high-sugar drinks. 15.（23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles. Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other. Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowd sourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian. This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale. The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says. Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake. “We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.” 53．What can we know about GANs? A．GANs can cheat trained observers. B．GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks. C．GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones. D．GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones. 54．Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research? A．To warn people the risk of online fraud. B．To train people to discover fake photos online. C．To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones. D．To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people. 55．What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph? A．Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed. B．Effective ways are needed but not found yet. C．Watermarks are an effective way against fake images. D．Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images. 56．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Development of Internet scams. B．Development of AI technology C．Will fake faces look more trustworthy? D．Legal frameworks for GANs 16.（23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）This question has fascinated behavioural scientists for decades: why do we give money to charity? The explanations for charitable giving fall into three broad categories, from the purely altruisic (利他的)— I donate because I value the social good done by the charity. The “impurely” altruistic— I donate because I extract value from knowing I contribute to the social good for the charity. And the not-at-all altruistic— I donate because I want to show off to potential mates how rich I am. But are these motives strong enough to enable people to donate as much as they would want to? Most people support charities in one way or another, but often we struggle to make donations as often as we think we should. Although many people would like to leave a gift to charity in their will, they forget about it when the time comes. Many people are also aware that they should donate to the causes that have the highest impact, but facts and figures are less attractive than narratives. In a series of experiments, it was found that people are much more responsive to charitable pleas that feature a single, identifiable beneficiary(受益者), than they are to statistical information about the scale of the problem being faced. When it comes to charitable giving, we are often ruled by our hearts and not our heads. The good news is that charitable giving is contagious—seeing others give makes an individual more likely to give and gentle encouragement from an important person in your life can also make a big difference to your donation decisions— more than quadrupling them in our recent study. Habit also plays a part— in three recent experiments those who volunteered before were more likely to do donate their time than those who had not volunteered before. In summary, behavioural science identifies a range of factors that influence our donations, and can help us to keep giving in the longer term. This is great news not just for charities, but also for donors. 57．What can we learn about people who do charitable giving? A．Most people support charity as often as they think they should. B．Some people don’t want to leave a gift to charity until the time comes. C．Those who donate because they can gain an advantage are purely altruistic. D．Some people send money to charity simply to tell others they are wealthy. 58．In which way will people donate more willingly? A．Not revealing the names of the donors. B．Showing figures about the seriousness of the problem. C．Telling stories that feature a single, recognizable beneficiary. D．Reminding people to write down what to donate in the will in advance. 59．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean? A．People will learn from others and follow the suit. B．Many people are familiar with charitable giving. C．Charitable giving helps the beneficiary in all aspects. D．Charitable giving can bring a lot of benefits to donors. 60．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To persuade more people to donate. B．To explain the science behind why people donate. C．To criticize some false charitable giving behaviours. D．To explore approaches to making people donate more. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$