第06讲 必修二 Unit5 课文学习&知识点讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第06讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit 5（课文学习&知识讲解） 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1. Vocabulary Students will graspUNIT 5's key words and derivatives, and know their usage. 2. Sentence Patterns They'll learn and use patterns like "be + adj. + to do" and "make + obj. + comp." 3. Grammar Students will understand past participles as pred. & advbl., and differences. 4. Cultural Awareness Learners will know music cultures and respect diversity. 核心词汇 （1）composition 词义与用法：“composition” 主要有 “成分；（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品；作文” 的意思。 例如：The composition of the atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen.（大气的成分主要是氮气和氧气。）；He is reading a composition by Shakespeare.（他正在读莎士比亚的一部作品。）；I have to write a composition about my summer vacation.（我得写一篇关于我暑假的作文。） 拓展词汇：“compose”，意为 “作曲；撰写；组成；使镇静”。 比如：Mozart composed many wonderful symphonies.（莫扎特创作了许多美妙的交响曲。）；The committee is composed of ten members.（委员会由十名成员组成。）；She composed herself before going on stage.（上台前她使自己镇定下来。）“composer” 则是 “作曲家”。 如：Beethoven is a great composer.（贝多芬是一位伟大的作曲家。） （2）perform 词义与用法：“perform” 表示 “表演；履行；执行；运转”。 如：The actors performed very well on the stage.（演员们在舞台上表演得非常好。）；You must perform your duties carefully.（你必须认真履行你的职责。）；The new machine is performing smoothly.（这台新机器运转顺畅。）常见用法还有 “perform a (n)... role in...”（在…… 中扮演…… 角色）。 例如：He performed a key role in the project.（他在这个项目中扮演了关键角色。）；“perform one’s duty”（履行某人的职责）；“perform an operation”（做手术）。 拓展词汇：“performance”，意思是 “表演；演技；表现；性能”。 例如：Her performance in the play was outstanding.（她在剧中的表演非常出色。）；The performance of the car is excellent.（这辆车的性能很棒。）“performer” 是 “表演者；演员”。 如：He is a famous performer.（他是一位著名的表演者。） （3）prove 词义与用法：“prove” 有 “证明；展现”（作连系动词时意为 “证明是”）的含义。 例如：The facts prove his innocence.（事实证明他是无辜的。）；He proved himself (to be) a reliable friend.（他证明自己是一个可靠的朋友。）；The experiment proved successful.（实验证明是成功的。）常见用法还有 “prove sb. + adj.”（证明某人……），“It is (generally) assumed that...”（人们普遍认为……）。 拓展词汇：“proof”，表示 “证据；证明”。 例如：We need more proof to support our theory.（我们需要更多的证据来支持我们的理论。） （4）award 词义与用法：“award” 作动词是 “授予”，作名词是 “奖；奖品”。 例如：He was awarded the first prize for his excellent painting.（他因其出色的绘画作品被授予一等奖。）；常见用法有 “win/receive/get an award for...”（因…… 而获奖）。 如：She won an award for her outstanding performance.（她因出色的表现而获奖。）；“award sb. sth. for... = award sth. to sb. for...”（因…… 授予某人某物）。 易混辨析：与 “reward”“prize” 易混。“reward” 侧重对某人的报答、酬谢。 如：He received a reward for helping the old man.（他因帮助老人而得到酬谢。）“prize” 主要指比赛或竞赛中赢得的奖品、奖金。 如：She won a prize in the singing competition.（她在歌唱比赛中获奖。） （5）relief 词义与用法：“relief” 意思是 “（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻松或解脱”。 例如：To my relief, he finally arrived on time.（令我宽慰的是，他终于按时到了。）常见用法还有 “with relief = in relief”（宽慰地）。 如：She smiled with relief.（她宽慰地笑了。） 拓展词汇：“relieve”，意为 “解除；减轻；缓解”。 例如：The medicine can relieve the pain.（这种药可以缓解疼痛。）“relieved” 是 “感到宽慰的；放心的”。 如：I was relieved to hear the good news.（听到这个好消息我感到宽慰。） （6）cure 词义与用法：“cure” 表示 “治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题）”（作名词是 “药物；治疗；措施”）。 例如：The doctor cured him of his illness.（医生治好了他的病。）；We need to find a cure for this problem.（我们需要找到解决这个问题的办法。）常见用法有 “a cure for...”（…… 的治疗方法），“cure sb. of...”（治愈某人的……）。 易混辨析：易与 “treat” 混淆。“treat” 强调治疗的过程。 如：The doctor is treating his patient.（医生正在治疗他的病人。）而 “cure” 更侧重于结果，即治愈。 （7）absorbed in 词义与用法：“absorbed in” 表示 “被…… 吸引住；专心致志于……”。 例如：He is absorbed in reading a novel.（他专心致志地读一本小说。） 拓展词汇：“absorbed”，意思是 “投入的；全神贯注的”。 例如：She has an absorbed look on her face.（她脸上带着专注的神情。）“absorb” 有 “吸收；吸引；使全神贯注；使并入” 等多种用法。 如：Plants absorb carbon dioxide.（植物吸收二氧化碳。）；The story absorbed me completely.（这个故事完全吸引了我。） （8）aim 词义与用法：“aim” 作为名词是 “目标；目的”，作为动词有 “力求达到；力争做到；瞄准；目的是；旨在” 的意思。 例如：My aim is to become a doctor.（我的目标是成为一名医生。）；He aimed at the target carefully.（他仔细地瞄准目标。）；The company aims to increase its market share.（这家公司旨在提高其市场份额。）常见用法有 “aim at/for...”（瞄准；力求达到），“aim to do sth. = aim at doing sth.”（旨在做某事）。 拓展词汇：“aimless”，表示 “无方向的；无目标的；无计划的”。 例如：He led an aimless life.（他过着没有目标的生活。）“aimlessly” 是 “无目的地”。 如：He walked aimlessly in the street.（他在街上无目的地走着。） （9）equipment 词义与用法：“equipment” 是 “[U] 设备；装备”。 例如：The factory has a lot of advanced equipment.（这家工厂有很多先进的设备。）常见用法有 “a piece of equipment”（一件设备），“office/teaching equipment”（办公 / 教学设备）。 拓展词汇：“equip”，有 “装备，配备；使有能力，使有所准备” 等多种用法。 例如：The soldiers were equipped with new weapons.（士兵们配备了新武器。）；Education equips us for life.（教育使我们为生活做好准备。） （10）assume 词义与用法：“assume” 意为 “以为；假设；承担（责任）；取得（权力）”。 例如：I assume he is right.（我以为他是对的。）；He assumed the leadership of the team.（他承担了团队的领导工作。）常见用法有 “assume sb. /sth. to be...”（假定某人 / 某物是……），“It is (generally) assumed that...”（人们普遍认为……）。 拓展词汇：“assumption”，表示 “假定；假设”。 例如：His assumption proved wrong.（他的假设被证明是错误的。）“assuming” 是 “假定；假如”。 如：Assuming it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（假如明天下雨，我们就待在家里。） （11）in addition (to sb. /sth.) 词义与用法：“in addition (to sb. /sth.)” 意思是 “除…… 以外（还）”。 例如：In addition to English, he can speak French.（除了英语，他还会说法语。） 易混辨析：与 “besides”“except”“except for”“apart from/aside from” 易混。“besides” 表示 “除…… 之外还有”。 如：Besides math, I like physics.（除了数学，我还喜欢物理。）“except” 表示 “除…… 之外（不包括）”。 如：Everyone except Tom went to the party.（除了汤姆，每个人都去了派对。）“except for” 用于修正说明。 如：The article is good except for a few spelling mistakes.（这篇文章除了几个拼写错误外很好。）“apart from/aside from” 兼具 “besides” 和 “except” 的用法。 如：Apart from/Aside from some grammar mistakes, your composition is very good.（除了一些语法错误，你的作文非常好。） 拓展词汇：“addition”，意为 “加法；增加物”。 例如：The addition of more staff will help.（增加更多的员工会有帮助。）“additional” 是 “附加的；额外的”。 如：We need additional information.（我们需要额外的信息。）“additionally” 表示 “此外；另外”。 如：Additionally, we should consider the cost.（此外，我们还应该考虑成本。） （12）get through 词义与用法：“get through” 有 “(设法) 处理；完成；熬过” 的意思，还有 “用完，耗尽；顺利通过（考试等）；（用电话）接通，联系上” 之意。 例如：I finally got through all my work.（我终于完成了我所有的工作。）；We got through the difficult time together.（我们一起熬过了困难时期。）；He got through the exam easily.（他轻松地通过了考试。）；I can't get through to him on the phone.（我打电话联系不上他。） （13）satisfaction 词义与用法：“satisfaction” 表示 “满足；满意；欣慰”。 例如：He looked at his work with satisfaction.（他满意地看着自己的工作。）常见用法有 “with satisfaction”（满意地），“(much) to one’s satisfaction”（令某人非常满意的是），“a sense of satisfaction”（一种满足感）。 拓展词汇：“satisfy”，有 “使满意，使满足；满足（需求、需要等）” 等多种词性及用法。 例如：The movie satisfied the audience.（这部电影让观众满意。）；This food can satisfy your hunger.（这种食物可以满足你的饥饿感。）“satisfied” 是 “满意的；满足的”。 如：I'm satisfied with my new job.（我对我的新工作很满意。）“satisfying” 是 “令人满意的；令人满足的”。 如：It was a satisfying result.（这是一个令人满意的结果。） （14）various 词义与用法：“various” 意思是 “各种不同的；各种各样的”。 例如：There are various kinds of flowers in the garden.（花园里有各种各样的花。） 拓展词汇：“vary”，有 “变化；改变；相异；不同” 多种变化形式。 例如：The weather varies from day to day.（天气每天都在变化。）“variety” 表示 “不同种类；多样化；变体”，常见用法有 “a variety of = varieties of = various”（各种各样的）。 如：A variety of fruits are on sale.（各种各样的水果在出售。） （15）reaction 词义与用法：“reaction” 表示 “反应；回应”。 例如：What was his reaction to the news?（他对这个消息的反应是什么？）常见用法有 “(the/one’s) reaction to...”（对…… 的反应），“in reaction to...”（作为对…… 的反应）。 拓展词汇：“react”，有 “作出反应；回应；起化学反应” 多种搭配用法。 例如：He reacted quickly to the emergency.（他对紧急情况反应迅速。）；The two substances react with each other.（这两种物质相互起化学反应。） 重要句型 （一）结构 1：“be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 基本用法：在 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构中，不定式用主动形式表被动意义。常用于该结构的形容词有 “easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, interesting, exciting, dangerous, comfortable, fit, impossible” 等。 例如：The book is easy to read.（这本书容易读。）这里的 “to read” 虽然形式是主动，但表达的是 “书被读” 的被动意义。因为句子的主语 “the book” 实际上是不定式 “to read” 的逻辑宾语。 结构拓展：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要加上适当的介词。 例如：The room is comfortable to live in.（这个房间住起来很舒服。）“live” 是不及物动词，所以后面要加上 “in”，“room” 是 “live in” 的逻辑宾语。 （二）结构 2：“make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 基本用法： “make sb. /sth. do...”，表示 “使某人 / 某物做……”，这里的不定式要省略 “to”。 例如：The teacher made the students read English aloud.（老师让学生们大声朗读英语。）但在被动语态中，“to” 要还原。 如：The students were made to read English aloud by the teacher. “make sb. /sth. done”，表示 “使某人 / 某物被……”。 例如：He made his hair cut.（他让人剪了他的头发。）这里 “hair” 和 “cut” 是被动关系。 “make sb. + 形容词”，意为 “使某人……”。 例如：The good news made him happy.（这个好消息使他高兴。） “make sb. + 名词”，表示 “使某人成为……”。 例如：His parents want to make him a doctor.（他的父母想让他成为一名医生。） 结构拓展：当 “make” 的宾语是不定式或从句时，要用形式宾语 “it”。 例如：I make it a rule to get up early.（我把早起当作一个习惯。）这里 “it” 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 “to get up early”。 语法精讲 1. 过去分词作表语 基本用法：过去分词作表语时，通常放在系动词（如 “be, get, become, look, sound, feel, seem” 等）后面，用来表示主语所处的状态或特点。 例如：The glass is broken.（玻璃碎了。）这里 “broken” 描述了 “glass” 的状态。 与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语强调的是主语的状态或特点，而被动语态强调的是动作。 例如：The door is closed.（门是关着的。）这是表语，表示门的状态；The door was closed by him.（门被他关上了。）这是被动语态，强调关门这个动作。 与现在分词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语时，主语一般是表示事物的名词，现在分词用来描述事物的特征，意为 “令人…… 的”；而过去分词作表语时，主语一般是表示人的名词，过去分词用来描述人的感受，意为 “感到…… 的”。 例如：The movie is interesting.（这部电影很有趣。）这里 “interesting” 是现在分词作表语，描述电影的特征；I'm interested in the movie.（我对这部电影感兴趣。）这里 “interested” 是过去分词作表语，描述人的感受。 2. 过去分词作状语 基本用法： 表时间：例如：Seen from the top of the hill, the village looks very beautiful.（从山顶上看，这个村庄看起来非常美丽。）“Seen from the top of the hill” 表示时间，相当于 “When it is seen from the top of the hill”。 表原因：例如：Tired by the long journey, he soon fell asleep.（由于长途旅行很累，他很快就睡着了。）“Tired by the long journey” 是原因状语。 表条件：例如：Given more time, we could do it better.（如果给我们更多时间，我们可以做得更好。）“Given more time” 相当于 “If we were given more time”。 表让步：例如：Wounded as he was, he still continued to fight.（尽管他受伤了，他仍然继续战斗。）“Wounded as he was” 表示让步。 表伴随：例如：The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.（老师走进教室，后面跟着他的学生。）“followed by his students” 是伴随状语。 注意事项： 逻辑主语一致：过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致。 例如：Looking out of the window, I saw a beautiful garden.（我向窗外望去，看到了一个美丽的花园。）这里 “Looking out of the window” 的逻辑主语是 “I”。 源于系表结构的分词短语：有些过去分词已经转化为形容词，它们作状语时是源于系表结构。 例如：Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell.（他陷入沉思，没有听到铃声。）“Lost in thought” (2019人教版英语选择性必修二第41页) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of a verb from the box. Find the difference between the -ed and -ing forms. see frighten head amaze bore excite tire satisfy 1. The girls were _______________ to see such an open country. The farms covered a very large area, which was _______________. 2. Going into the wilderness alone can be _______________. Do you feel _______________ when going into the wilderness alone? 3. _______________ from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating. _______________ the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colors. 4. _______________ eastwards, you will pass the Canadian Rocies. Finally, the company — _______________ by its new manager — started to make a profit. 5. We became _______________ when thinking about those beautiful locations in Finland. We expected to experience a lot of _______________ things there. 6. We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the hotel because we were so _______________. The eight-hour train ride was quite _______________! 7. I was not ________________ with the hotel. It was not as clean as I had expected. But we had a _________________ meal at the hotel’s restaurant, so I felt a bit better later on. 8. It was raining hard the next day, so we just stayed in the hotel and watched TV. Sadly, the TV programmes that day were really _______________. As we had nothing else to do, we felt pretty _______________. 核心考点 1：perform 1. 单词拼写（2 分） 题目：根据所给中文及句子语境，写出单词的正确形式。 The famous singer will give a ______ (表演) in our city next week. 2. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The actor ______ very well in the movie and won many awards. A. perform B. performs C. performed D. performing 3. 词性转换（2 分） 题目：The ______ (perform) of the new machine is excellent. We are very satisfied with it. 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The doctor performed an operation on the patient.” What does the word “performed” mean in this sentence?（ ） A. 表演 B. 履行 C. 执行 D. 运转 5. 词汇运用（2 分） 题目：用 “perform” 的适当形式填空，使句子完整通顺。 The dancers ______ a wonderful dance at the party last night. 核心考点 2：cure 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The doctor tried his best to ______ the patient of his illness. A. cure B. treat C. heal D. recover 2. 语法判断（2 分） 题目：判断下列句子中 “cure” 的用法是否正确，正确填 “T”，错误填 “F”。 The new medicine can cure for the cold.（ ） 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：Scientists are still looking for a ______ (治愈方法) for cancer. 4. 词组运用（2 分） 题目：用 “cure sb. of...” 翻译句子 “这位医生治好了他的头痛。” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 词性拓展填空（2 分） 题目：The ______ (cure) rate of this disease is increasing. 核心考点 3：aim 1. 单词拼写（2 分） 题目：根据所给中文及句子语境，写出单词的正确形式。 His ______ (目标) is to become a famous scientist. 2. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：We should ______ at improving our English skills. A. aim B. look C. call D. send 3. 用法辨析（2 分） 题目：“aim to do sth.” is similar to which of the following?（ ） A. plan to do sth. B. hope to do sth. C. expect to do sth. D. all of the above 4. 词汇拓展填空（2 分） 题目：He lived an ______ (aimless) life before he found his passion. 5. 句子翻译（2 分） 题目：用 “aim” 翻译句子 “这家公司的目标是提供高质量的产品。” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点 4：satisfaction 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：To our ______, our team won the game. A. satisfaction B. satisfy C. satisfied D. satisfying 2. 词性转换（2 分） 题目：The movie was very ______ (satisfy). We all liked it. 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：He looked at his work with a sense of ______ (满意). 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The customer expressed his satisfaction with the service.” What does the word “satisfaction” mean in this sentence?（ ） A. 满足 B. 满意 C. 欣慰 D. 以上都是 5. 词汇运用（2 分） 题目：用 “satisfact” 的适当形式填空，使句子完整通顺。 The ______ of the customers is very important for the company. 核心考点 5：reaction 1. 单词拼写（2 分） 题目：根据所给中文及句子语境，写出单词的正确形式。 What was his ______ (反应) to the news? 2. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：Her ______ to the new environment was very positive. A. react B. reaction C. reacting D. reactor 选 B。 3. 用法填空（2 分） 题目：The students' ______ (react) to the teacher's question was very quick. 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The chemical reaction produced a lot of heat.” What does the word “reaction” mean in this sentence?（ ） A. 反应 B. 回应 C. 作用 D. 影响 5. 词汇运用（2 分） 题目：用 “react” 的适当形式填空，使句子完整通顺。 The ______ of the audience showed that they liked the performance. 核心考点 6：“be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The question is very easy ______. A. answer B. to answer C. answering D. answered 2. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：The water in the pool is nice ______ (swim) in. 3. 语法判断（2 分） 题目：判断下列句子中 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构的用法是否正确，正确填 “T”，错误填 “F”。 The box is heavy to carry it.（ ） 4. 句子改写（2 分） 题目：The song is pleasant when we listen to it.（改写为 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构的句子） 不定式” 结构，用主动形式表被动意义，“song” 是 “listen to” 的逻辑宾语。 5. 翻译句子（2 分） 题目：这座山很难爬。（用 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点 7：“make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The boss made the workers ______ for 12 hours a day. A. work B. to work C. worked D. working 2. 被动语态转换（2 分） 题目：The teacher made the students clean the classroom.（改为被动语态） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：The mother ______(make) her child feel safe. 4. 用法辨析（2 分） 题目：“make sb. /sth. done” is different from “make sb. /sth. do” in that ______.（ ） A. 它们有着相同的含义。 B. 前者强调某人 / 某物正在做的动作，而后者强调针对某人 / 某物所做的动作。 C.前者强调针对某人 / 某物所做的动作，而后者强调某人 / 某物正在做的动作。 D. 以上都不对。 5. 句子翻译（2 分） 题目：他的父母想让他成为一名艺术家。（用 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点 8：过去分词作表语 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The window is __________. We need to repair it. A. broken B. break C. to break D. breaking 2. 表语判断（2 分） 题目：判断下列句子中 “broken” 是作表语还是被动语态，在括号内填 “表语” 或 “被动语态”。 The vase was broken by the naughty boy.（ ） 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：The girl looked ______ (worry) about her test result. 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The story is exciting.” In this sentence, “exciting” is a present participle used as ______.（ ） A. an attributive B. a predicative C. an adverbial D. an object complement 5. 句子改写（2 分） 题目：The man seems to be tired.（改写为用过去分词作表语的句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点 9：过去分词作状语 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：______ from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see 2. 状语类型判断（2 分） 题目：“Surprised at the news, he didn't know what to say.” In this sentence, “Surprised at the news” is used as a (n) ______ adverbial.（ ） A. time B. cause C. condition D. concession 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：______ (Give) more attention, the plants could have grown better. 4. 逻辑主语判断（2 分） 题目：“Walking in the park, a flower caught my eye.” This sentence is wrong because the logical subject of “Walking in the park” is not the same as the subject of the sentence. The correct subject of “Walking in the park” should be ______.（ ） A. anyone B. a flower C. the park D. I 5. 句子翻译（2 分） 题目：虽然受伤了，他还是完成了比赛。（用过去分词作状语翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、单句语法填空题 1. The famous singer's ______ (perform) last night was really amazing. 2. The doctor tried to cure the patient ______ his serious illness. 3. The book is easy ______ (understand). 4. The teacher made the students ______ (write) an English composition. 5. The window is ______ (break). We need to replace it. 6. The aim of the project is ______ (provide) better services for the community. 7. The news brought great ______ (satisfacted) to the whole family. 8. The question is difficult ______ (answer) without more information. 9. The boss made the office ______ (clean) by the cleaners. 10. The man looked ______ (worry) about his future. 11. ______ (See) from the top of the hill, the lake looks like a mirror. 12. The movie is exciting ______ (watch). 13. The mother made her child ______ (feel) safe. 14. ______ (Give) more time, we could have done the job better. 15. The reaction of the audience was very positive, which showed they were ______ (satisfy) with the performance. 二、阅读理解 Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music. A recent study suggests that preterm (早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. Experts led by Dr Manoj Kumar of the University of Alberta, Canada, found that music had a beneficial effect on reducing pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations. Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help recover from brain injuries. As a different and effective treatment, doctors often advise such patients to listen to good music to improve the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological (神经的) disorders hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk. Though music cannot make deafness disappear, it really can stave off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non﹣musicians, and this difference gets clearer with age. This means that a 70﹣year﹣old musician hears better than a 50﹣year﹣old non﹣musician, even in a noisy environment. Besides, music mends a broken heart. It is not about a thrown﹣away love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart attack or heart operation by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and reducing anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular (心血管的) system. 1．How does music affect preterm babies？ A．It helps reduce their pain. B．It helps develop their potential in music. C．It helps improve their hearing systems. D．It helps repair their neurological systems. 2．What does the underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 4 mean？ A．Lead to. B．Increase. C．Prevent. D．Break into. 3．Why can music mend a broken heart？ A．It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work. B．It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety. C．It helps make a person feel optimistic about life. D．It can help patients recover in a slow way. 4．What may be the best title for the text？ A．Who Can Benefit from Music B．The Best Time to Listen to Music C．The Way to Choose Quality Music D．How Music Affects Our Mind and Body Adele’s new album, “30”, is finally available. Last month, hundreds of millions of us streamed its first single, “Easy On Me”. This song arouses feelings not easily put into words, but we can probably agree it is a sad song. 5 Yet sad music does pull us in and lift us up. Let’s start with a biological theory. When we experience real-life loss, or empathize (产生共鸣) with another’s pain, certain hormones are released within us. 6 They do so by making us feel calmed and supported. Feeling Adele’s pain, or recalling our own, may cause such chemical changes within us. 7 Feeling moved can come from us suddenly feeling closer to other people. Indeed, when we have listened to “30”, we may turn to reaction videos to see how others feel. This lets us share an emotional experience with others. And it boosts our feeling of being moved and triggers (激发) feelings of comfort and belonging. We can also think at the spiritual level. Adele’s songs allow us to view the pleasure in terms of the meaning she helps us make. Adele takes hard life experiences and makes sense of them. This is what sad art does. 8 As philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once put it, someone who has a why to live for can bear almost anyhow. Ultimately, we listen to Adele’s songs when we want to recall, reflect, or belong. They let us feel her sadness, share our suffering, and connect with others. To all of us, Adele’s songs say: 9 A．These help us to deal with loss and pain. B．You are not alone in your pain. C．Life is meaningless without sad music. D．This may make us better prepared for when real loss strikes. E．It takes the pain and suffering of the world and gives it meaning. F．Few people are aware sad music makes us feel good. G．Psychologically, a key reason we enjoy sad songs is that they profoundly move us. 三、完形填空 I’d never been to the Day of the Dead before. As my dad and I looked around for seats, I 1 Marco, my best friend, hurrying toward us. “Hi, Mr. O’kane,” he 2 my dad. Then he turned to me and said, “Nate! Will you help me?” “Whatever you need,” I said. Marco threw me parts of a 3 : Mexican sandals (凉鞋), a straw hat, a cane (手杖), a gray wig, and an “old man” mask (面具). “My cousin couldn’t 4 !” Marco’s voice rang with worry. “It’s part of a traditional dance,” he said,“and we should wear the costume.” “You expect me to dance? ” I 5 . “I don’t want to dance!” Marco smiled. “It’ll be fun. And hurry! We’re going to be 6 .” “We’re going to do a lot of stomping (跺脚). Slow at first. Keep one hand 7 on your back, like an old man with an ache,” added Marco. The speakers 8 : “Ladies and gentlemen, it’s time for TheDanceoftheLittleOldMen!” “Be quick,” Marco 9 to me to follow his lead. We all began stomping slowly to music. I could only see 10 the small holes of the mask. I continued to stomp, trying to 11 what to do. I leaned on my cane and kept a hand low on my back. After a few minutes of dancing like that, my back 12 started to ache. The music 13 . And we stomped quickly. Performing with Mexican sandals was 14 and inconvenient. People laughed as we hopped and kicked, but after a moment the laughter turned into cheers. Marco gave me a thumbs⁃up. As the audience clapped for our group, I said to him happily, “You were right. That was 15 .” 1．A．watched B．noticed C．monitored D．surveyed 2．A．satisfied B．ignored C．contacted D．greeted 3．A．suit B．chain C．decoration D．costume 4．A．make it B．get it C．focus on D．go through 5．A．chatted B．despaired C．hesitated D．replied 6．A．nervous B．late C．happy D．nice 7．A．up B．high C．low D．down 8．A．shouted B．announced C．defined D．issued 9．A．signaled B．pointed C．moved D．complained 10．A．through B．in C．over D．under 11．A．bring about B．carry on C．figure out D．put out 12．A．extremely B．possibly C．truly D．finally 13．A．disappeared B．sped up C．started D．faded away 14．A．typical B．fascinating C．tough D．flexible 15．A．important B．creative C．beneficial D．fun 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Does music have the power to help us sleep better? According to a recent research, it does. Using an experiment in 1 62 young adults listened to five nights of happy music, five nights of sad music, and five nights of pink noise, researchers found that people reported sleeping better and feeling more positive 2 (little) negative, and more satisfied with life on mornings after listening to music while falling asleep. These benefits 3 (find) when comparing listening to music with listening to pink noise. Given that pink noise is thought 4 (help) deepen sleep, the additional beneficial effects of music beyond pink noise are 5 (impress). Does the type of music matter? There were no 6 (difference) in sleep quality and well-being when comparing happy and sad music. 7 (important), all of the music was selected with the goal of being calm and relaxing. And although this study focused 8 young adults, other research has found effects on older adults, suggesting music might be helpful across the lifespan. Why would music have these beneficial effects? So far, little research 9 (test) the reasons why music improves sleep quality but suggested reasons include relaxation, a distraction from unwanted thoughts, 10 masking of unpleasant background noise. ( 12 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第06讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit 5（课文学习&知识讲解） 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1. Vocabulary Students will graspUNIT 5's key words and derivatives, and know their usage. 2. Sentence Patterns They'll learn and use patterns like "be + adj. + to do" and "make + obj. + comp." 3. Grammar Students will understand past participles as pred. & advbl., and differences. 4. Cultural Awareness Learners will know music cultures and respect diversity. 核心词汇 （1）composition 词义与用法：“composition” 主要有 “成分；（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品；作文” 的意思。 例如：The composition of the atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen.（大气的成分主要是氮气和氧气。）；He is reading a composition by Shakespeare.（他正在读莎士比亚的一部作品。）；I have to write a composition about my summer vacation.（我得写一篇关于我暑假的作文。） 拓展词汇：“compose”，意为 “作曲；撰写；组成；使镇静”。 比如：Mozart composed many wonderful symphonies.（莫扎特创作了许多美妙的交响曲。）；The committee is composed of ten members.（委员会由十名成员组成。）；She composed herself before going on stage.（上台前她使自己镇定下来。）“composer” 则是 “作曲家”。 如：Beethoven is a great composer.（贝多芬是一位伟大的作曲家。） （2）perform 词义与用法：“perform” 表示 “表演；履行；执行；运转”。 如：The actors performed very well on the stage.（演员们在舞台上表演得非常好。）；You must perform your duties carefully.（你必须认真履行你的职责。）；The new machine is performing smoothly.（这台新机器运转顺畅。）常见用法还有 “perform a (n)... role in...”（在…… 中扮演…… 角色）。 例如：He performed a key role in the project.（他在这个项目中扮演了关键角色。）；“perform one’s duty”（履行某人的职责）；“perform an operation”（做手术）。 拓展词汇：“performance”，意思是 “表演；演技；表现；性能”。 例如：Her performance in the play was outstanding.（她在剧中的表演非常出色。）；The performance of the car is excellent.（这辆车的性能很棒。）“performer” 是 “表演者；演员”。 如：He is a famous performer.（他是一位著名的表演者。） （3）prove 词义与用法：“prove” 有 “证明；展现”（作连系动词时意为 “证明是”）的含义。 例如：The facts prove his innocence.（事实证明他是无辜的。）；He proved himself (to be) a reliable friend.（他证明自己是一个可靠的朋友。）；The experiment proved successful.（实验证明是成功的。）常见用法还有 “prove sb. + adj.”（证明某人……），“It is (generally) assumed that...”（人们普遍认为……）。 拓展词汇：“proof”，表示 “证据；证明”。 例如：We need more proof to support our theory.（我们需要更多的证据来支持我们的理论。） （4）award 词义与用法：“award” 作动词是 “授予”，作名词是 “奖；奖品”。 例如：He was awarded the first prize for his excellent painting.（他因其出色的绘画作品被授予一等奖。）；常见用法有 “win/receive/get an award for...”（因…… 而获奖）。 如：She won an award for her outstanding performance.（她因出色的表现而获奖。）；“award sb. sth. for... = award sth. to sb. for...”（因…… 授予某人某物）。 易混辨析：与 “reward”“prize” 易混。“reward” 侧重对某人的报答、酬谢。 如：He received a reward for helping the old man.（他因帮助老人而得到酬谢。）“prize” 主要指比赛或竞赛中赢得的奖品、奖金。 如：She won a prize in the singing competition.（她在歌唱比赛中获奖。） （5）relief 词义与用法：“relief” 意思是 “（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻松或解脱”。 例如：To my relief, he finally arrived on time.（令我宽慰的是，他终于按时到了。）常见用法还有 “with relief = in relief”（宽慰地）。 如：She smiled with relief.（她宽慰地笑了。） 拓展词汇：“relieve”，意为 “解除；减轻；缓解”。 例如：The medicine can relieve the pain.（这种药可以缓解疼痛。）“relieved” 是 “感到宽慰的；放心的”。 如：I was relieved to hear the good news.（听到这个好消息我感到宽慰。） （6）cure 词义与用法：“cure” 表示 “治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题）”（作名词是 “药物；治疗；措施”）。 例如：The doctor cured him of his illness.（医生治好了他的病。）；We need to find a cure for this problem.（我们需要找到解决这个问题的办法。）常见用法有 “a cure for...”（…… 的治疗方法），“cure sb. of...”（治愈某人的……）。 易混辨析：易与 “treat” 混淆。“treat” 强调治疗的过程。 如：The doctor is treating his patient.（医生正在治疗他的病人。）而 “cure” 更侧重于结果，即治愈。 （7）absorbed in 词义与用法：“absorbed in” 表示 “被…… 吸引住；专心致志于……”。 例如：He is absorbed in reading a novel.（他专心致志地读一本小说。） 拓展词汇：“absorbed”，意思是 “投入的；全神贯注的”。 例如：She has an absorbed look on her face.（她脸上带着专注的神情。）“absorb” 有 “吸收；吸引；使全神贯注；使并入” 等多种用法。 如：Plants absorb carbon dioxide.（植物吸收二氧化碳。）；The story absorbed me completely.（这个故事完全吸引了我。） （8）aim 词义与用法：“aim” 作为名词是 “目标；目的”，作为动词有 “力求达到；力争做到；瞄准；目的是；旨在” 的意思。 例如：My aim is to become a doctor.（我的目标是成为一名医生。）；He aimed at the target carefully.（他仔细地瞄准目标。）；The company aims to increase its market share.（这家公司旨在提高其市场份额。）常见用法有 “aim at/for...”（瞄准；力求达到），“aim to do sth. = aim at doing sth.”（旨在做某事）。 拓展词汇：“aimless”，表示 “无方向的；无目标的；无计划的”。 例如：He led an aimless life.（他过着没有目标的生活。）“aimlessly” 是 “无目的地”。 如：He walked aimlessly in the street.（他在街上无目的地走着。） （9）equipment 词义与用法：“equipment” 是 “[U] 设备；装备”。 例如：The factory has a lot of advanced equipment.（这家工厂有很多先进的设备。）常见用法有 “a piece of equipment”（一件设备），“office/teaching equipment”（办公 / 教学设备）。 拓展词汇：“equip”，有 “装备，配备；使有能力，使有所准备” 等多种用法。 例如：The soldiers were equipped with new weapons.（士兵们配备了新武器。）；Education equips us for life.（教育使我们为生活做好准备。） （10）assume 词义与用法：“assume” 意为 “以为；假设；承担（责任）；取得（权力）”。 例如：I assume he is right.（我以为他是对的。）；He assumed the leadership of the team.（他承担了团队的领导工作。）常见用法有 “assume sb. /sth. to be...”（假定某人 / 某物是……），“It is (generally) assumed that...”（人们普遍认为……）。 拓展词汇：“assumption”，表示 “假定；假设”。 例如：His assumption proved wrong.（他的假设被证明是错误的。）“assuming” 是 “假定；假如”。 如：Assuming it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（假如明天下雨，我们就待在家里。） （11）in addition (to sb. /sth.) 词义与用法：“in addition (to sb. /sth.)” 意思是 “除…… 以外（还）”。 例如：In addition to English, he can speak French.（除了英语，他还会说法语。） 易混辨析：与 “besides”“except”“except for”“apart from/aside from” 易混。“besides” 表示 “除…… 之外还有”。 如：Besides math, I like physics.（除了数学，我还喜欢物理。）“except” 表示 “除…… 之外（不包括）”。 如：Everyone except Tom went to the party.（除了汤姆，每个人都去了派对。）“except for” 用于修正说明。 如：The article is good except for a few spelling mistakes.（这篇文章除了几个拼写错误外很好。）“apart from/aside from” 兼具 “besides” 和 “except” 的用法。 如：Apart from/Aside from some grammar mistakes, your composition is very good.（除了一些语法错误，你的作文非常好。） 拓展词汇：“addition”，意为 “加法；增加物”。 例如：The addition of more staff will help.（增加更多的员工会有帮助。）“additional” 是 “附加的；额外的”。 如：We need additional information.（我们需要额外的信息。）“additionally” 表示 “此外；另外”。 如：Additionally, we should consider the cost.（此外，我们还应该考虑成本。） （12）get through 词义与用法：“get through” 有 “(设法) 处理；完成；熬过” 的意思，还有 “用完，耗尽；顺利通过（考试等）；（用电话）接通，联系上” 之意。 例如：I finally got through all my work.（我终于完成了我所有的工作。）；We got through the difficult time together.（我们一起熬过了困难时期。）；He got through the exam easily.（他轻松地通过了考试。）；I can't get through to him on the phone.（我打电话联系不上他。） （13）satisfaction 词义与用法：“satisfaction” 表示 “满足；满意；欣慰”。 例如：He looked at his work with satisfaction.（他满意地看着自己的工作。）常见用法有 “with satisfaction”（满意地），“(much) to one’s satisfaction”（令某人非常满意的是），“a sense of satisfaction”（一种满足感）。 拓展词汇：“satisfy”，有 “使满意，使满足；满足（需求、需要等）” 等多种词性及用法。 例如：The movie satisfied the audience.（这部电影让观众满意。）；This food can satisfy your hunger.（这种食物可以满足你的饥饿感。）“satisfied” 是 “满意的；满足的”。 如：I'm satisfied with my new job.（我对我的新工作很满意。）“satisfying” 是 “令人满意的；令人满足的”。 如：It was a satisfying result.（这是一个令人满意的结果。） （14）various 词义与用法：“various” 意思是 “各种不同的；各种各样的”。 例如：There are various kinds of flowers in the garden.（花园里有各种各样的花。） 拓展词汇：“vary”，有 “变化；改变；相异；不同” 多种变化形式。 例如：The weather varies from day to day.（天气每天都在变化。）“variety” 表示 “不同种类；多样化；变体”，常见用法有 “a variety of = varieties of = various”（各种各样的）。 如：A variety of fruits are on sale.（各种各样的水果在出售。） （15）reaction 词义与用法：“reaction” 表示 “反应；回应”。 例如：What was his reaction to the news?（他对这个消息的反应是什么？）常见用法有 “(the/one’s) reaction to...”（对…… 的反应），“in reaction to...”（作为对…… 的反应）。 拓展词汇：“react”，有 “作出反应；回应；起化学反应” 多种搭配用法。 例如：He reacted quickly to the emergency.（他对紧急情况反应迅速。）；The two substances react with each other.（这两种物质相互起化学反应。） 重要句型 （一）结构 1：“be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 基本用法：在 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构中，不定式用主动形式表被动意义。常用于该结构的形容词有 “easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, interesting, exciting, dangerous, comfortable, fit, impossible” 等。 例如：The book is easy to read.（这本书容易读。）这里的 “to read” 虽然形式是主动，但表达的是 “书被读” 的被动意义。因为句子的主语 “the book” 实际上是不定式 “to read” 的逻辑宾语。 结构拓展：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要加上适当的介词。 例如：The room is comfortable to live in.（这个房间住起来很舒服。）“live” 是不及物动词，所以后面要加上 “in”，“room” 是 “live in” 的逻辑宾语。 （二）结构 2：“make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 基本用法： “make sb. /sth. do...”，表示 “使某人 / 某物做……”，这里的不定式要省略 “to”。 例如：The teacher made the students read English aloud.（老师让学生们大声朗读英语。）但在被动语态中，“to” 要还原。 如：The students were made to read English aloud by the teacher. “make sb. /sth. done”，表示 “使某人 / 某物被……”。 例如：He made his hair cut.（他让人剪了他的头发。）这里 “hair” 和 “cut” 是被动关系。 “make sb. + 形容词”，意为 “使某人……”。 例如：The good news made him happy.（这个好消息使他高兴。） “make sb. + 名词”，表示 “使某人成为……”。 例如：His parents want to make him a doctor.（他的父母想让他成为一名医生。） 结构拓展：当 “make” 的宾语是不定式或从句时，要用形式宾语 “it”。 例如：I make it a rule to get up early.（我把早起当作一个习惯。）这里 “it” 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 “to get up early”。 语法精讲 1. 过去分词作表语 基本用法：过去分词作表语时，通常放在系动词（如 “be, get, become, look, sound, feel, seem” 等）后面，用来表示主语所处的状态或特点。 例如：The glass is broken.（玻璃碎了。）这里 “broken” 描述了 “glass” 的状态。 与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语强调的是主语的状态或特点，而被动语态强调的是动作。 例如：The door is closed.（门是关着的。）这是表语，表示门的状态；The door was closed by him.（门被他关上了。）这是被动语态，强调关门这个动作。 与现在分词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语时，主语一般是表示事物的名词，现在分词用来描述事物的特征，意为 “令人…… 的”；而过去分词作表语时，主语一般是表示人的名词，过去分词用来描述人的感受，意为 “感到…… 的”。 例如：The movie is interesting.（这部电影很有趣。）这里 “interesting” 是现在分词作表语，描述电影的特征；I'm interested in the movie.（我对这部电影感兴趣。）这里 “interested” 是过去分词作表语，描述人的感受。 2. 过去分词作状语 基本用法： 表时间：例如：Seen from the top of the hill, the village looks very beautiful.（从山顶上看，这个村庄看起来非常美丽。）“Seen from the top of the hill” 表示时间，相当于 “When it is seen from the top of the hill”。 表原因：例如：Tired by the long journey, he soon fell asleep.（由于长途旅行很累，他很快就睡着了。）“Tired by the long journey” 是原因状语。 表条件：例如：Given more time, we could do it better.（如果给我们更多时间，我们可以做得更好。）“Given more time” 相当于 “If we were given more time”。 表让步：例如：Wounded as he was, he still continued to fight.（尽管他受伤了，他仍然继续战斗。）“Wounded as he was” 表示让步。 表伴随：例如：The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.（老师走进教室，后面跟着他的学生。）“followed by his students” 是伴随状语。 注意事项： 逻辑主语一致：过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致。 例如：Looking out of the window, I saw a beautiful garden.（我向窗外望去，看到了一个美丽的花园。）这里 “Looking out of the window” 的逻辑主语是 “I”。 源于系表结构的分词短语：有些过去分词已经转化为形容词，它们作状语时是源于系表结构。 例如：Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell.（他陷入沉思，没有听到铃声。）“Lost in thought” (2019人教版英语选择性必修二第41页) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of a verb from the box. Find the difference between the -ed and -ing forms. see frighten head amaze bore excite tire satisfy 1. The girls were _______________ to see such an open country. The farms covered a very large area, which was _______________. 2. Going into the wilderness alone can be _______________. Do you feel _______________ when going into the wilderness alone? 3. _______________ from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating. _______________ the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colors. 4. _______________ eastwards, you will pass the Canadian Rocies. Finally, the company — _______________ by its new manager — started to make a profit. 5. We became _______________ when thinking about those beautiful locations in Finland. We expected to experience a lot of _______________ things there. 6. We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the hotel because we were so _______________. The eight-hour train ride was quite _______________! 7. I was not ________________ with the hotel. It was not as clean as I had expected. But we had a _________________ meal at the hotel’s restaurant, so I felt a bit better later on. 8. It was raining hard the next day, so we just stayed in the hotel and watched TV. Sadly, the TV programmes that day were really _______________. As we had nothing else to do, we felt pretty _______________. 1. 答案：excited; amazing 解析：“excited” 是过去分词作表语，用于描述人的感受，句中 “girls”（女孩们）作为人，看到开阔的乡村感到兴奋，所以用 “excited”；“amazing” 是现在分词作表语，用来描述事物给人的感觉，此处 “which” 指代前面 “the farms covered a very large area” 这件事，这件事令人觉得惊奇，故用 “amazing”，体现了现在分词表语表示 “令人…… 的”，过去分词表语表示 “感到…… 的” 这一区别。 2. 答案：frightening; frightened 解析：“frightening” 是现在分词作表语，强调 “Going into the wilderness alone”（独自进入荒野）这件事本身具有令人害怕的性质，所以用 “frightening”；“frightened” 是过去分词作表语，用来描述人的感受，句中问 “you”（你）的感受，人在这种情况下会感到害怕，所以用 “frightened”，体现了二者在描述对象及表意上的不同。 3. 答案：Seen; Seeing 解析：“Seen from the top of the mountain” 是过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是 “the scenery”（风景），风景是被从山顶上看，和 “see” 构成被动关系，所以用 “Seen”；“Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain” 是现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是 “I”（我），是 “我” 主动去看风景，和 “see” 是主动关系，所以用 “Seeing”，体现了现在分词作状语表主动、过去分词作状语表被动这一特点。 4. 答案：Heading; headed 解析：“Heading eastwards” 是现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是 “you”（你），“你” 主动朝东行进，与 “head”（朝…… 方向行进）是主动关系，所以用 “Heading”；“headed by its new manager” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the company”，“company”（公司）是被新经理领导，和 “head”（领导）是被动关系，所以用 “headed”，体现了分词作不同成分时主动与被动关系的运用差异。 5. 答案：excited; exciting 解析：“excited” 是过去分词作表语，描述 “we”（我们）的感受，当想到芬兰那些美丽的地方时，我们会变得兴奋，所以用 “excited”；“exciting” 是现在分词作定语，用来修饰 “things”（事物），表示那些事物是令人兴奋的，体现了现在分词作定语表主动、令人…… 的特点以及过去分词作表语表人的感受这一区别。 6. 答案：tired; tiring 解析：“tired” 是过去分词作表语，用于描述 “we”（我们）的感受，因为坐了八个小时火车，我们感觉很累，所以用 “tired”；“tiring” 是现在分词作表语，用来描述 “the eight-hour train ride”（八小时的火车旅程）这件事的性质，表明旅程是令人疲惫的，体现了二者在表意及修饰对象上的不同。 7. 答案：satisfied; satisfying 解析：“satisfied” 是过去分词作表语，描述 “I”（我）的感受，我对酒店不满意，强调人的主观感受，所以用 “satisfied”；“satisfying” 是现在分词作定语，修饰 “meal”（饭菜），表示饭菜是令人满意的，体现了现在分词作定语表事物特征以及过去分词作表语表人感受的区别。 8. 答案：boring; bored 解析：“boring” 是现在分词作表语，描述 “the TV programmes”（电视节目）的性质，说明节目很无聊，是令人厌烦的；“bored” 是过去分词作表语，用来描述 “we”（我们）的感受，因为节目无聊，我们感觉很厌烦，体现了现在分词表语表示 “令人…… 的”、过去分词表语表示 “感到…… 的” 这一区别。 核心考点 1：perform 1. 单词拼写（2 分） 题目：根据所给中文及句子语境，写出单词的正确形式。 The famous singer will give a ______ (表演) in our city next week. 答案：performance 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词表示 “表演”，“perform” 的名词形式是 “performance”，故填 “performance”。 2. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The actor ______ very well in the movie and won many awards. A. perform B. performs C. performed D. performing 答案：C 解析：解题指导：根据 “won many awards” 可知句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以 “perform” 要用过去式 “performed”，选 C。 3. 词性转换（2 分） 题目：The ______ (perform) of the new machine is excellent. We are very satisfied with it. 答案：performance 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词作主语，表示 “性能”，“perform” 的名词形式 “performance” 符合语境，故填 “performance”。 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The doctor performed an operation on the patient.” What does the word “performed” mean in this sentence?（ ） A. 表演 B. 履行 C. 执行 D. 运转 答案：C 解析：解题指导：在句子 “The doctor performed an operation on the patient.” 中，“performed an operation” 表示 “做手术”，“perform” 在这里意为 “执行”，所以选 C。 5. 词汇运用（2 分） 题目：用 “perform” 的适当形式填空，使句子完整通顺。 The dancers ______ a wonderful dance at the party last night. 答案：performed 解析：解题指导：根据 “last night” 可知句子是一般过去时，“dancers” 是复数，“perform” 的过去式是 “performed”，故填 “performed”。 核心考点 2：cure 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The doctor tried his best to ______ the patient of his illness. A. cure B. treat C. heal D. recover 答案：A 解析：解题指导：“cure sb. of...” 是固定短语，意为 “治愈某人的……”，符合句子语境，所以选 A。 2. 语法判断（2 分） 题目：判断下列句子中 “cure” 的用法是否正确，正确填 “T”，错误填 “F”。 The new medicine can cure for the cold.（ ） 答案：F 解析：解题指导：“cure” 是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，不需要 “for”，所以该句错误，应填 “F”。 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：Scientists are still looking for a ______ (治愈方法) for cancer. 答案：cure 解析：解题指导：“a cure for...” 表示 “…… 的治愈方法”，根据句子语境，这里需要填 “cure”。 4. 词组运用（2 分） 题目：用 “cure sb. of...” 翻译句子 “这位医生治好了他的头痛。” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The doctor cured him of his headache. 解析：解题指导：“cure sb. of...” 表示 “治愈某人的……”，按照句子中文意思，将 “这位医生” 作为主语，“他” 作为宾语，“头痛” 作为 “of” 的宾语，翻译为 “The doctor cured him of his headache.”。 5. 词性拓展填空（2 分） 题目：The ______ (cure) rate of this disease is increasing. 答案：cure 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词作定语修饰 “rate”，“cure” 的名词形式 “cure” 表示 “治愈”，“cure rate” 表示 “治愈率”，所以填 “cure”。 核心考点 3：aim 1. 单词拼写（2 分） 题目：根据所给中文及句子语境，写出单词的正确形式。 His ______ (目标) is to become a famous scientist. 答案：aim 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词表示 “目标”，“aim” 符合语境，故填 “aim”。 2. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：We should ______ at improving our English skills. A. aim B. look C. call D. send 答案：A 解析：解题指导：“aim at...” 表示 “力求达到；瞄准”，符合句子语境，所以选 A。 3. 用法辨析（2 分） 题目：“aim to do sth.” is similar to which of the following?（ ） A. plan to do sth. B. hope to do sth. C. expect to do sth. D. all of the above 答案：A 解析：解题指导：“aim to do sth.” 表示 “旨在做某事”，与 “plan to do sth.”（计划做某事）意思相近，“hope to do sth.”（希望做某事）和 “expect to do sth.”（期待做某事）侧重点不同，所以选 A。 4. 词汇拓展填空（2 分） 题目：He lived an ______ (aimless) life before he found his passion. 答案：aimless 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个形容词修饰 “life”，“aim” 的形容词形式 “aimless” 表示 “无目标的”，符合语境，故填 “aimless”。 5. 句子翻译（2 分） 题目：用 “aim” 翻译句子 “这家公司的目标是提供高质量的产品。” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The aim of the company is to provide high-quality products. 解析：解题指导：“The aim of...” 表示 “…… 的目标”，按照句子中文意思，将 “这家公司” 作为 “of” 的宾语，“提供高质量的产品” 作为 “is to” 后的内容，翻译为 “The aim of the company is to provide high-quality products.”。 核心考点 4：satisfaction 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：To our ______, our team won the game. A. satisfaction B. satisfy C. satisfied D. satisfying 答案：A 解析：解题指导：“To one’s satisfaction” 是固定短语，意为 “令某人满意的是”，符合句子语境，所以选 A。 2. 词性转换（2 分） 题目：The movie was very ______ (satisfy). We all liked it. 答案：satisfying 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个形容词修饰 “movie”，“satisfy” 的形容词形式 “satisfying” 表示 “令人满意的”，符合语境，故填 “satisfying”。 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：He looked at his work with a sense of ______ (满意). 答案：satisfaction 解析：解题指导：“a sense of satisfaction” 表示 “一种满意感”，根据句子语境，这里需要填 “satisfaction”。 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The customer expressed his satisfaction with the service.” What does the word “satisfaction” mean in this sentence?（ ） A. 满足 B. 满意 C. 欣慰 D. 以上都是 答案：B 解析：解题指导：在句子 “The customer expressed his satisfaction with the service.” 中，“satisfaction” 表示 “满意”，所以选 B。 5. 词汇运用（2 分） 题目：用 “satisfact” 的适当形式填空，使句子完整通顺。 The ______ of the customers is very important for the company. 答案：satisfaction 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词作主语，表示 “顾客的满意”，“satisfaction” 符合语境，故填 “satisfaction”。 核心考点 5：reaction 1. 单词拼写（2 分） 题目：根据所给中文及句子语境，写出单词的正确形式。 What was his ______ (反应) to the news? 答案：reaction 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词表示 “反应”，“reaction” 符合语境，故填 “reaction”。 2. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：Her ______ to the new environment was very positive. A. react B. reaction C. reacting D. reactor 答案：B 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词作主语，“react” 的名词形式 “reaction” 表示 “反应”，符合语境，所以选 B。 3. 用法填空（2 分） 题目：The students' ______ (react) to the teacher's question was very quick. 答案：reaction 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词作主语，“react” 的名词形式 “reaction” 表示 “反应”，符合语境，故填 “reaction”。 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The chemical reaction produced a lot of heat.” What does the word “reaction” mean in this sentence?（ ） A. 反应 B. 回应 C. 作用 D. 影响 答案：A 解析：解题指导：在句子 “The chemical reaction produced a lot of heat.” 中，“reaction” 表示 “化学反应”，即 “反应” 的意思，所以选 A。 5. 词汇运用（2 分） 题目：用 “react” 的适当形式填空，使句子完整通顺。 The ______ of the audience showed that they liked the performance. 答案：reaction 解析：解题指导：此处需要一个名词作主语，表示 “观众的反应”，“reaction” 符合语境，故填 “reaction”。 核心考点 6：“be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The question is very easy ______. A. answer B. to answer C. answering D. answered 答案：B 解析：解题指导：在 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构中，“question” 是 “answer” 的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表被动意义，所以选 B。 2. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：The water in the pool is nice ______ (swim) in. 答案：to swim 解析：解题指导：“swim” 是不及物动词，根据结构拓展，句子主语 “water” 是 “swim in” 的逻辑宾语，所以填 “to swim”。 3. 语法判断（2 分） 题目：判断下列句子中 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构的用法是否正确，正确填 “T”，错误填 “F”。 The box is heavy to carry it.（ ） 答案：F 解析：解题指导：因为 “box” 是 “carry” 的逻辑宾语，后面不应再加 “it”，所以该句错误，填 “F”。 4. 句子改写（2 分） 题目：The song is pleasant when we listen to it.（改写为 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构的句子） 答案：The song is pleasant to listen to. 解析：解题指导：将原句中的 “when we listen to it” 改写为 “to listen to”，使句子符合 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构，用主动形式表被动意义，“song” 是 “listen to” 的逻辑宾语。 5. 翻译句子（2 分） 题目：这座山很难爬。（用 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The mountain is difficult to climb. 解析：解题指导：“mountain” 是 “climb” 的逻辑宾语，按照 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构，用主动形式 “to climb” 表被动意义，翻译为 “The mountain is difficult to climb.”。 核心考点 7：“make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The boss made the workers ______ for 12 hours a day. A. work B. to work C. worked D. working 答案：A 解析：解题指导：“make sb. /sth. do...” 结构中，不定式省略 “to”，表示 “使某人做……”，所以选 A。 2. 被动语态转换（2 分） 题目：The teacher made the students clean the classroom.（改为被动语态） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The students were made to clean the classroom by the teacher. 解析：解题指导：在被动语态中，“make sb. /sth. do...” 结构中的 “to” 要还原，所以改写为 “The students were made to clean the classroom by the teacher.”。 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：The mother ______(make) her child feel safe. 答案：made 解析：本题考查 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 这一结构的用法，在 “make sb. /sth. do...” 结构中，不定式要省略 “to”，表示 “使某人做……”，此句描述的是一种过去发生的行为，即 “妈妈使孩子感到安全”，所以要用 “make” 的过去式 “made” 来体现时态。 4. 用法辨析（2 分） 题目：“make sb. /sth. done” is different from “make sb. /sth. do” in that ______.（ ） A. 它们有着相同的含义。 B. 前者强调某人 / 某物正在做的动作，而后者强调针对某人 / 某物所做的动作。 C.前者强调针对某人 / 某物所做的动作，而后者强调某人 / 某物正在做的动作。 D. 以上都不对。 答案：C 解析：解题指导：“make sb. /sth. done” 表示 “使某人 / 某物被……”，强调对某人或某物的动作；“make sb. /sth. do” 表示 “使某人 / 某物做……”，强调某人或某物做动作，所以选 C。 5. 句子翻译（2 分） 题目：他的父母想让他成为一名艺术家。（用 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：His parents want to make him an artist. 解析：解题指导：根据 “make sb. + 名词” 结构，表示 “使某人成为……”，将 “他的父母” 作主语，“他” 作宾语，“一名艺术家” 作宾语补足语，翻译为 “His parents want to make him an artist.”。 核心考点 8：过去分词作表语 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：The window is __________. We need to repair it. A. broken B. break C. to break D. breaking 答案：A 解题指导：句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “window” 是单数; “broken” 是过去分词作表语，描述 “window” 的状态，所以选 A。 2. 表语判断（2 分） 题目：判断下列句子中 “broken” 是作表语还是被动语态，在括号内填 “表语” 或 “被动语态”。 The vase was broken by the naughty boy.（ ） 答案：被动语态 解题指导：此句中 “was broken” 强调 “vase” 被打破这个动作，是被动语态，所以填 “被动语态”。 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：The girl looked ______ (worry) about her test result. 答案：worried 解题指导：“look” 是系动词，“worried” 是过去分词作表语，描述 “girl” 的感受，所以填 “worried”。 4. 词义理解（2 分） 题目：“The story is exciting.” In this sentence, “exciting” is a present participle used as ______.（ ） A. an attributive B. a predicative C. an adverbial D. an object complement 答案：B 解题指导：“exciting” 在句中作表语，描述 “story” 的特征，所以选 B。 5. 句子改写（2 分） 题目：The man seems to be tired.（改写为用过去分词作表语的句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The man seems tired. 解题指导：原句中 “to be tired” 可直接改写为 “tired”，用过去分词作表语，描述 “man” 的状态。 核心考点 9：过去分词作状语 1. 单项选择（2 分） 题目：______ from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see 答案：C 解题指导：“Seen from the space” 表示时间，其逻辑主语是 “the earth”，与句子主语一致，“earth” 与 “see” 是被动关系，所以选 C。 2. 状语类型判断（2 分） 题目：“Surprised at the news, he didn't know what to say.” In this sentence, “Surprised at the news” is used as a (n) ______ adverbial.（ ） A. time B. cause C. condition D. concession 答案：B 解题指导：“Surprised at the news” 表示原因，因为他对消息感到惊讶所以不知道说什么，所以选 B。 3. 完成句子（2 分） 题目：______ (Give) more attention, the plants could have grown better. 答案：Given 解题指导：“Given more attention” 表示条件，相当于 “If the plants were given more attention”，“plants” 与 “give” 是被动关系，所以填 “Given”。 4. 逻辑主语判断（2 分） 题目：“Walking in the park, a flower caught my eye.” This sentence is wrong because the logical subject of “Walking in the park” is not the same as the subject of the sentence. The correct subject of “Walking in the park” should be ______.（ ） A. anyone B. a flower C. the park D. I 答案：D 解题指导：“Walking in the park” 的逻辑主语应该是人，而原句中 “a flower” 作主语导致错误，正确的逻辑主语应该是 “I”，所以选 D。 5. 句子翻译（2 分） 题目：虽然受伤了，他还是完成了比赛。（用过去分词作状语翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Wounded as he was, he still finished the race. 解题指导：“Wounded as he was” 表示让步，符合过去分词作状语表让步的用法，将 “他” 作主语，翻译为 “Wounded as he was, he still finished the race.”。 一、单句语法填空题 1. The famous singer's ______ (perform) last night was really amazing. 答案：performance 解题指导：此处需要一个名词，表示 “表演”，“perform” 的名词形式是 “performance”，故填 “performance”，考查 “高频词汇” 中 “perform” 的词性转换。 2. The doctor tried to cure the patient ______ his serious illness. 答案：of 解析：“cure sb. of...” 是固定短语，意为 “治愈某人的……（疾病、坏习惯等）”，在这句话中表示医生试图治愈这位病人的重病，所以此处应填入介词 “of”。 3. The book is easy ______ (understand). 答案：to understand 解题指导：本题考查 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构，“book” 是 “understand” 的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表被动意义，所以填 “to understand”，属于 “重要句型” 考点。 4. The teacher made the students ______ (write) an English composition. 答案：write 解题指导：“make sb. /sth. do...” 结构中，不定式省略 “to”，表示 “使某人做……”，所以填 “write”，考查 “重要句型” 中 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 的用法。 5. The window is ______ (break). We need to replace it. 答案：broken 解题指导：此句考查过去分词作表语，“broken” 用来描述 “window” 的状态，属于 “语法精讲” 中过去分词作表语的考点。 6. The aim of the project is ______ (provide) better services for the community. 答案：to provide 解题指导：“The aim of...” 表示 “…… 的目标”，后面接不定式作表语，故填 “to provide”，考查 “高频词汇” 中 “aim” 的用法。 7. The news brought great ______ (satisfacted) to the whole family. 答案：satisfaction 解题指导：此处需要一个名词作宾语，“satisfaction” 表示 “满意；满足”，符合语境，填 “satisfaction”，考查 “高频词汇” 中 “satisfaction” 的用法。 8. The question is difficult ______ (answer) without more information. 答案：to answer 解题指导：考查 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构，“question” 是 “answer” 的逻辑宾语，不定式主动表被动，所以填 “to answer”。 9. The boss made the office ______ (clean) by the cleaners. 答案：cleaned 解题指导：本题考查 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 中 “make sb. /sth. done” 结构，表示 “使某人 / 某物被……”，所以填 “cleaned”。 10. The man looked ______ (worry) about his future. 答案：worried 解题指导：“look” 是系动词，这里考查过去分词作表语，“worried” 描述 “man” 的感受，属于过去分词作表语的考点。 11. ______ (See) from the top of the hill, the lake looks like a mirror. 答案：Seen 解题指导：考查过去分词作状语表时间，“Seen from the top of the hill” 逻辑主语是 “the lake”，与句子主语一致，“lake” 与 “see” 是被动关系，所以填 “Seen”，属于 “语法精讲” 中过去分词作状语的考点。 12. The movie is exciting ______ (watch). 答案：to watch 解题指导：考查 “be + 性质形容词 + 不定式” 结构，“movie” 是 “watch” 的逻辑宾语，不定式主动表被动，所以填 “to watch”。 13. The mother made her child ______ (feel) safe. 答案：feel 解题指导：考查 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 中 “make sb. + 形容词” 结构，“make” 后接不带 “to” 的不定式作宾语补足语，故填 “feel”。 14. ______ (Give) more time, we could have done the job better. 答案：Given 解题指导：此句考查过去分词作状语表条件，“Given more time” 相当于 “If we were given more time”，“we” 与 “give” 是被动关系，所以填 “Given”。 15. The reaction of the audience was very positive, which showed they were ______ (satisfy) with the performance. 答案：satisfied 解题指导：“be satisfied with...” 表示 “对…… 满意”，这里考查 “高频词汇” 中 “satisfaction” 的相关用法，“satisfied” 作表语描述 “audience” 的感受。 二、阅读理解 Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music. A recent study suggests that preterm (早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. Experts led by Dr Manoj Kumar of the University of Alberta, Canada, found that music had a beneficial effect on reducing pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations. Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help recover from brain injuries. As a different and effective treatment, doctors often advise such patients to listen to good music to improve the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological (神经的) disorders hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk. Though music cannot make deafness disappear, it really can stave off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non﹣musicians, and this difference gets clearer with age. This means that a 70﹣year﹣old musician hears better than a 50﹣year﹣old non﹣musician, even in a noisy environment. Besides, music mends a broken heart. It is not about a thrown﹣away love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart attack or heart operation by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and reducing anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular (心血管的) system. 1．How does music affect preterm babies？ A．It helps reduce their pain. B．It helps develop their potential in music. C．It helps improve their hearing systems. D．It helps repair their neurological systems. 2．What does the underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 4 mean？ A．Lead to. B．Increase. C．Prevent. D．Break into. 3．Why can music mend a broken heart？ A．It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work. B．It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety. C．It helps make a person feel optimistic about life. D．It can help patients recover in a slow way. 4．What may be the best title for the text？ A．Who Can Benefit from Music B．The Best Time to Listen to Music C．The Way to Choose Quality Music D．How Music Affects Our Mind and Body 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了音乐对人的身心产生的积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A recent study suggests that preterm (早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music.(最近的一项研究表明，早产儿在听音乐时，似乎会感到更少的疼痛，吃得更多。)”可知，研究表明，早产儿听音乐时似乎感到更少的痛苦，由此可知，音乐可以帮助早产儿减少痛苦。故选A项。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“Though music cannot make deafness disappear(虽然音乐不能使耳聋消失)”可知，画线短语所在的部分与上文之间为转折关系，根据划线单词后的“Musicians heard the sounds better than non﹣musicians, and this difference gets clearer with age. This means that a 70﹣year﹣old musician hears better than a 50﹣year﹣old non﹣musician, even in a noisy environment.(参与者被要求通过一些听力测试。音乐家比非音乐家更能听清声音，这种差异随着年龄的增长而越来越明显。这意味着一个70岁的音乐家比一个50岁的非音乐家听力更好，即使在嘈杂的环境中。)”可知，在该项实验中音乐家比非音乐家更能听清声音，而且这种差异随着年龄的增长而越来越明显，即使在嘈杂的环境中，70岁的音乐家比非音乐家的听力好，结合画线短语前的“Though music cannot make deafness disappear(虽然音乐不能使耳聋消失)”可知，画线短语所在的部分与上文之间为转折关系，所以，此处应指的是尽管音乐不会使耳聋消失，但是真的能“预防”听力丧失，所由此可知，画线短语的意思应与“预防”意义相近。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular (心血管的) system.(听高质量的音乐可以产生积极的情绪，改善血液运动，扩张血管，从而促进整个心血管系统的快速恢复。)”可知，挺高质量的音乐能促进整个心虚管系统的快速恢复，由此可知，音乐可以修补一颗破碎的心的原因是它对人体系统的工作有积极的影响。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms.  Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music.(音乐不仅仅是一组声音和节奏。它对大脑的影响比任何其他人类经验都要深刻得多。继续阅读，你会发现音乐的神奇力量。)”可知，该段介绍的是音乐对大脑的印象比任何其他人类经验都要深刻得多，并引出下文，结合下文中的介绍的音乐对早产儿、脑损伤造成的问题、延缓听力丧失以及受伤的心产生的影响可知，本文主要介绍的是音乐给人类身心带来的神奇力量，所以标题“音乐是如何影响我们的心身的”概括了本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D项。 Adele’s new album, “30”, is finally available. Last month, hundreds of millions of us streamed its first single, “Easy On Me”. This song arouses feelings not easily put into words, but we can probably agree it is a sad song. 5 Yet sad music does pull us in and lift us up. Let’s start with a biological theory. When we experience real-life loss, or empathize (产生共鸣) with another’s pain, certain hormones are released within us. 6 They do so by making us feel calmed and supported. Feeling Adele’s pain, or recalling our own, may cause such chemical changes within us. 7 Feeling moved can come from us suddenly feeling closer to other people. Indeed, when we have listened to “30”, we may turn to reaction videos to see how others feel. This lets us share an emotional experience with others. And it boosts our feeling of being moved and triggers (激发) feelings of comfort and belonging. We can also think at the spiritual level. Adele’s songs allow us to view the pleasure in terms of the meaning she helps us make. Adele takes hard life experiences and makes sense of them. This is what sad art does. 8 As philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once put it, someone who has a why to live for can bear almost anyhow. Ultimately, we listen to Adele’s songs when we want to recall, reflect, or belong. They let us feel her sadness, share our suffering, and connect with others. To all of us, Adele’s songs say: 9 A．These help us to deal with loss and pain. B．You are not alone in your pain. C．Life is meaningless without sad music. D．This may make us better prepared for when real loss strikes. E．It takes the pain and suffering of the world and gives it meaning. F．Few people are aware sad music makes us feel good. G．Psychologically, a key reason we enjoy sad songs is that they profoundly move us. 【答案】5．F 6．A 7．G 8．E 9．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。从三个层面介绍了悲伤音乐确实能让我们振作起来的原因。 5．下文“Yet sad music does pull us in and lift us up. (然而悲伤的音乐确实会让我们投入，并让我们振作起来。)”转折的语义说明，人们没有意识到悲伤音乐的积极作用，选项F“很少有人知道悲伤的音乐能让我们感觉良好。”引领下文，说明很少有人知道悲伤音乐的积极性。故选F项。 6．上文“When we experience real-life loss, or empathize (产生共鸣) with another’s pain, certain hormones are released within us. (当我们经历现实生活中的失落，或同情他人的痛苦时，我们体内就会释放出某些激素。)”说明在失落或痛苦时，体内会释放某些激素，选项A“这些帮助我们处理失落和痛苦。”承接上文，说明这些激素能帮助处理失落和痛苦。选项中loss和pain和上文词汇重叠，语义一致，故选A项。 7．下文“Feeling moved can come from us suddenly feeling closer to other people. Indeed, when we have listened to ‘30’, we may turn to reaction videos to see how others feel. This lets us share an emotional experience with others. (被打动的感觉可能来自于我们突然感觉与他人更亲近。)”解释说明被打动的感觉是怎样产生的，选项G“从心理学上讲，我们喜欢悲伤歌曲的一个关键原因是它们深深地打动了我们。”说明喜欢悲伤歌曲的关键原因是它们深深打动我们，引领下文，做出解释。选项中move us和下文中Feeling moved，语义相关，故选G项。 8．上文“Adele takes hard life experiences and makes sense of them. This is what sad art does. (Adele接受艰难的生活经历，并使它们变得有意义。这就是悲伤艺术的作用。)”说明悲伤歌曲使苦难变得有意义，选项E“它吸收了这个世界的痛苦和磨难，并赋予它意义。”对上文进一步解释说明。故选E项。 9．上文“They let us feel her sadness, share our suffering, and connect with others. To all of us, Adele’s songs say: (它们让我们感受到她的悲伤，分享我们的痛苦，并与他人联系。Adele的歌对我们所有人说：)”说明悲伤歌曲能够使我们分享痛苦，使悲伤的不再是一个人，选项B“你不是一个人在痛苦。”正是Adele的歌（悲伤歌曲）所表达的。故选B项。 三、完形填空 I’d never been to the Day of the Dead before. As my dad and I looked around for seats, I 1 Marco, my best friend, hurrying toward us. “Hi, Mr. O’kane,” he 2 my dad. Then he turned to me and said, “Nate! Will you help me?” “Whatever you need,” I said. Marco threw me parts of a 3 : Mexican sandals (凉鞋), a straw hat, a cane (手杖), a gray wig, and an “old man” mask (面具). “My cousin couldn’t 4 !” Marco’s voice rang with worry. “It’s part of a traditional dance,” he said,“and we should wear the costume.” “You expect me to dance? ” I 5 . “I don’t want to dance!” Marco smiled. “It’ll be fun. And hurry! We’re going to be 6 .” “We’re going to do a lot of stomping (跺脚). Slow at first. Keep one hand 7 on your back, like an old man with an ache,” added Marco. The speakers 8 : “Ladies and gentlemen, it’s time for TheDanceoftheLittleOldMen!” “Be quick,” Marco 9 to me to follow his lead. We all began stomping slowly to music. I could only see 10 the small holes of the mask. I continued to stomp, trying to 11 what to do. I leaned on my cane and kept a hand low on my back. After a few minutes of dancing like that, my back 12 started to ache. The music 13 . And we stomped quickly. Performing with Mexican sandals was 14 and inconvenient. People laughed as we hopped and kicked, but after a moment the laughter turned into cheers. Marco gave me a thumbs⁃up. As the audience clapped for our group, I said to him happily, “You were right. That was 15 .” 1．A．watched B．noticed C．monitored D．surveyed 2．A．satisfied B．ignored C．contacted D．greeted 3．A．suit B．chain C．decoration D．costume 4．A．make it B．get it C．focus on D．go through 5．A．chatted B．despaired C．hesitated D．replied 6．A．nervous B．late C．happy D．nice 7．A．up B．high C．low D．down 8．A．shouted B．announced C．defined D．issued 9．A．signaled B．pointed C．moved D．complained 10．A．through B．in C．over D．under 11．A．bring about B．carry on C．figure out D．put out 12．A．extremely B．possibly C．truly D．finally 13．A．disappeared B．sped up C．started D．faded away 14．A．typical B．fascinating C．tough D．flexible 15．A．important B．creative C．beneficial D．fun 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和好朋友马可在墨西哥亡灵节上一起跳老头舞的有趣经历。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我和爸爸四处寻找座位时，我注意到我最好的朋友马可正朝我们赶过来。A. watched观看；B. noticed注意；C. monitored监控；D. surveyed调查。根据空后的“Marco, my best friend, hurrying toward us.”可知，我注意到我最好的朋友马可正朝我们赶过来，故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“嗨，奥凯恩先生，”他向我爸爸打招呼。A. satisfied使满意；B. ignored忽视；C. contacted联系；D. greeted打招呼。根据空前的““Hi, Mr. O’kane,””可知，马可向我爸爸打招呼，故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：马可扔给我一套戏服：墨西哥凉鞋、草帽、拐杖、灰色假发和老头面具。A. suit套装；B. chain链；C. decoration装饰；D. costume戏服。空后的“Mexican sandals, a straw hat, a cane (手杖), a gray wig, and an“ old man” mask (面具)”都是一套戏服的组成部分，故选D项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我表弟来不了了！”马可的声音里充满了忧虑。A. make it成功，及时抵达；B. get it明白；C. focus on集中；D. go through通过。空前一句说马可扔给我一套戏服，结合下文“with worry”可推知，他表弟来不了了，故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你想让我跳舞吗？”我犹豫了。A. chatted聊天；B. despaired绝望；C. hesitated犹豫；D. replied回复。根据空后的““I don’t  want to dance!””可知，我不想跳舞，所以我犹豫了，故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马可笑着说：“会很有趣的，快点！我们要迟到了”。A. nervous紧张的；B. late迟的；C. happy高兴的；D. nice美好的。空前的“And hurry!”表明我们要迟到了，故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一只手低放在背上，就像一个后背疼的老人。A. up向上；B. high高；C. low低；D. down向下。根据空后的“like an old man with an ache”可知，我们要装得像一个后背疼的老人，这说明我们要把一只手低放在背上，故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：主持人宣布：“女士们，先生们，请大家欣赏老头舞！”A. shouted大喊；B. announced宣布；C. defined定义；D. issued发行。空后的““Ladies and gentlemen, it’s time for The Dance of the Little Old Men!””是主持人宣布的内容，故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“快点”，马可示意我跟着他走。A. signaled以动作示意；B. pointed指向；C. moved移动；D. complained抱怨。根据空后的“to me to follow his lead.”可知，马可示意我跟着他走，故选A项。 10．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我只能透过面具上的小孔看到外面。A. through通过，穿过；B. in在……里面；C. over在……之上；D. under在……下面。根据空后的“the small holes of the mask”可知，我只能透过面具上的小孔看到外面，故选A项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我继续跺脚，试图弄明白该怎么做。A. bring about引起；B. carry on进行；C. figure out弄清楚、理解；D. put out熄灭。根据空后的“what to do”可知，我想弄明白该怎么做，故选C项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：跳了几分钟之后，我的后背真的开始疼了。A. extremely极其；B. possibly可能；C. truly真正地；D. finally最终。根据上文中的“Keep one hand ___7___ on your back, like an old man with an ache.”可知，跳舞时，我们要把一只手低放在背上，装作一个后背疼的老人，此处与之形成对比，说的是跳了几分钟之后，我的后背真的开始疼了，故选C项。 13．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：音乐的节奏加快了。A. disappeared消失；B. sped up加速；C. started开始；D. faded away逐渐消失。空后一句“And we stomped quickly.”说我们也跟着快速地跺脚，这说明音乐的节奏加快了，故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：穿着墨西哥凉鞋跳舞很困难，也不方便。A. typical典型的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. tough困难的；D. flexible灵活的。根据空前的“Performing with Mexican sandals”可知，穿着墨西哥凉鞋跳舞很难，故选C项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我高兴地对他说：“你说得对，这很有趣”。A. important重要的；B. creative有创造力的；C. beneficial有益的；D. fun有趣的。根据上文中的“It’ll be fun.”及空前的“You were right.”可知，马可说得对，这是一次非常有趣的经历，故选D项。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Does music have the power to help us sleep better? According to a recent research, it does. Using an experiment in 1 62 young adults listened to five nights of happy music, five nights of sad music, and five nights of pink noise, researchers found that people reported sleeping better and feeling more positive 2 (little) negative, and more satisfied with life on mornings after listening to music while falling asleep. These benefits 3 (find) when comparing listening to music with listening to pink noise. Given that pink noise is thought 4 (help) deepen sleep, the additional beneficial effects of music beyond pink noise are 5 (impress). Does the type of music matter? There were no 6 (difference) in sleep quality and well-being when comparing happy and sad music. 7 (important), all of the music was selected with the goal of being calm and relaxing. And although this study focused 8 young adults, other research has found effects on older adults, suggesting music might be helpful across the lifespan. Why would music have these beneficial effects? So far, little research 9 (test) the reasons why music improves sleep quality but suggested reasons include relaxation, a distraction from unwanted thoughts, 10 masking of unpleasant background noise. 【答案】 1．which 2．less 3．were found 4．to help 5．impressive 6．differences 7．Importantly 8．on 9．has tested 10．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了音乐有帮助让人们睡得更好的功能。 1．考查定语从句。句意：通过一项实验，62名年轻人听了五晚快乐的音乐、五晚悲伤的音乐和五晚粉红色的噪音，研究人员发现，人们在入睡时听音乐后，早上睡得更好，感觉更积极，更少消极，对生活更满意。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为experiment，指代事物，在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据上文more positive和下文more satisfied可知，此处用形容词比较级与前后并列作表语。故填less。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：在比较听音乐和听粉红噪音时发现了这些好处。动词find和主语之间是被动关系，根据上文可知，这是过去做的实验，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语benefits为复数，主谓一致，故填were found。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到粉红噪音被认为有助于加深睡眠，音乐除了粉红噪音之外的其他有益影响令人印象深刻。be thought to do sth“被认为做某事”是固定句式，不定式作复合谓语。故填to help。 5．考查形容词。句意：同上。系动词are后应用其形容词作表语。故填impressive。 6．考查名词复数。句意：在比较快乐和悲伤的音乐时，睡眠质量和幸福感没有差异。根据前文There were可知，此处应用名词复数作主语。故填differences。 7．考查副词。句意：重要的是，所有的音乐都是为了平静和放松而选择的。修饰整句作状语，应用副词。句首字母大写，故填Importantly。 8．考查介词。句意：虽然这项研究主要针对年轻人，但其他研究也发现了对老年人的影响，这表明音乐可能在整个生命周期中都有帮助。focus on“专注于”是固定搭配。故填on。 9．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，很少有研究测试音乐提高睡眠质量的原因，但人们认为原因包括放松、从不想要的想法中分散注意力以及掩盖不愉快的背景噪音。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主谓一致，故填has tested。 10．考查连词。句意：同上。后文masking of unpleasant background noise和前文名词是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 ( 21 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$