第05讲 必修二 Unit4 课文学习&知识点讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义(人教版2019)

2024-12-04
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版必修第二册
年级 高一
章节 Unit 4 History and Traditions
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-寒假
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.29 MB
发布时间 2024-12-04
更新时间 2024-12-06
作者 乐思英语精品馆
品牌系列 上好课·寒假轻松学
审核时间 2024-12-04
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价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

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第05讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit4(课文学习&知识讲解) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1. Vocabulary Students will learn UNIT 4's vocab, like "puzzle" & "belong", and use them right. 2. Sentence Patterns They'll understand "as well as" and other patterns, and make sentences well. 3. Grammar Master past participles' use and "with" structure in grammar learning. 4. Cultural Awareness Know UK's history and traditions, and cultural differences clearly. 核心词汇 (一)puzzle 词性与词义 名词:谜;智力游戏;疑问。例如:Solve this puzzle if you can.(如果你能的话,解这个谜。) 动词:迷惑;使困惑。例如:The question puzzled me.(这个问题使我困惑。) 词汇拓展 puzzling(形容词):令人迷惑不解的。例如:a puzzling situation(令人迷惑的情况)。 puzzled(形容词):迷惑不解的;困惑的。例如:look puzzled(看起来困惑)。 (二)break away (from sb. /sth.) 词义:脱离;背叛;逃脱。例如:The region broke away from the country.(这个地区脱离了那个国家。) 词汇拓展 break down:出故障;失败;垮掉;使分解。例如:The machine broke down.(机器出故障了。) break in:破门而入。例如:Burglars broke in.(窃贼破门而入。) break into:强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)。例如:break into a run(突然跑起来)。 break out:(战争、火灾等)爆发;突然开始。例如:A war broke out.(一场战争爆发了。) break up:破碎;结束;解散;拆开。例如:The ice broke up.(冰破碎了。) break through:取得突破;突破。例如:break through the barrier(突破障碍)。 break off:中断;折断。例如:break off a relationship(中断关系)。 (三)belong 词性与用法 不及物动词:应在 (某处);适应。例如:This book belongs here.(这本书应放在这里。) 常用搭配:belong to(属于)。例如:The car belongs to him.(这辆车属于他。) 特别提醒与词汇拓展 belong to 不用于进行时态也没有被动形式;作后置定语时,形式为 belonging to。例如:a book belonging to the library(一本属于图书馆的书)。 a sense of belonging(名词短语):一种归属感。例如:feel a sense of belonging(感到一种归属感)。 belongings(名词,复数形式):动产;财物。例如:pack one's belongings(收拾个人财物)。 (四)as well as 用法归纳 作连词:连接并列成分,遵循 “就远原则”。例如:Tom as well as his friends is coming.(汤姆以及他的朋友们要来。) 作介词:相当于 besides、in addition to,意为 “除…… 之外 (还)”。例如:As well as math, he likes science.(除了数学,他还喜欢科学。) 表示比较:意为 “和…… 一样好”。例如:She dances as well as her sister.(她跳舞和她姐姐一样好。) 词汇拓展 as well(副词短语):意为 “也”,位于肯定句尾。例如:I like music, and he likes it as well.(我喜欢音乐,他也喜欢。) (五)defence 词性与词义 名词:防御;保卫;辩解。例如:national defence(国防)。 用法搭配与词汇拓展 in defence/defense of...(短语):为了保护……;为…… 辩护。例如:speak in defence of someone(为某人辩护)。 defend(动词):保卫,防御;辩解。例如:defend the country(保卫国家)。 (六)surround 词性与词义 及物动词:围绕;包围;喜欢身边总有。例如:Flowers surround the house.(房子周围环绕着花。) 用法归纳与词汇拓展 (be) surrounded by/with...(短语):被…… 围绕 / 环绕。例如:be surrounded by trees(被树木环绕)。 surround... with...(短语):用…… 包围……。例如:surround the garden with a wall(用墙围住花园)。 surround oneself with...(短语):和…… 在一起;与…… 为伍。例如:surround oneself with good friends(和好朋友在一起)。 surrounding(形容词):周围的;附近的。例如:surrounding area(周边地区)。 surroundings(名词,复数形式):环境。例如:nice surroundings(良好的环境)。 (七)evidence 词性与词义 名词:证据;证明。例如:find evidence(找到证据)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 There is evidence that...(句型):有证据证明……。例如:There is evidence that he is guilty.(有证据证明他有罪。) (the) evidence of...(短语):…… 的根据 / 证据 / 证明。例如:the evidence of his innocence(他无罪的证据)。 in evidence(短语):显眼;显而易见。例如:His hard work was in evidence.(他的努力显而易见。) evident(形容词):清楚的;显然的;显而易见的。例如:It is evident that he is wrong.(很明显他错了。) (八)achievement 词性与词义 名词:成就;成绩;达到。例如:a great achievement(一项伟大的成就)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 a sense of achievement(短语):一种成就感。例如:get a sense of achievement(获得一种成就感)。 make a great achievement = make great achievements(短语):取得巨大的成就。例如:make great achievements in sports(在体育方面取得巨大成就)。 achieve(动词):实现;完成。例如:achieve a goal(实现一个目标)。 (九)charge 词性与词义 动词:充电;收费;控告。例如:charge the battery(给电池充电);charge for a service(收取服务费);charge someone with a crime(控告某人犯罪)。 名词:收费;指控;主管。例如:the charge for admission(入场费);be in charge of(负责)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 charge (sb.) for sth.(短语):因某物 (向某人) 收费。例如:charge me for the ticket(向我收取票钱)。 charge (sb.) sth. (for sth.)(短语):因某物 (向某人) 收取…… 钱。例如:charge her 10 yuan for the book(这本书向她收 10 元)。 charge sb. with (doing) sth.(短语):控告某人 (做) 某事。例如:charge him with stealing(控告他偷窃)。 take charge of(短语):掌管;负责。例如:take charge of a project(负责一个项目)。 in charge of(短语):主管;负责。例如:in charge of a department(负责一个部门)。 in the charge of = in one's charge(短语):由…… 负责 / 掌管。例如:The work is in the charge of him.(这项工作由他负责。) free of charge(短语):免费。例如:get something free of charge(免费得到某物)。 (十)announce 词性与词义 及物动词:宣布;通知;声称。例如:announce a decision(宣布一个决定)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 announce sth. to sb.(短语):将某事宣布给某人。例如:announce the news to the public(向公众宣布这个消息)。 It is/was announced that...(句型):据宣布……。例如:It was announced that the meeting was cancelled.(据宣布会议取消了。) announcement(名词):公告;通告。例如:make an announcement(发布一个公告)。 announcer(名词):广播员。 (十一)amount 词性与词义 名词:金额;数量。例如:a large amount of money(大量的钱)。 动词:总计;被视为。例如:The cost amounts to 100 dollars.(费用总计 100 美元。) 用法归纳与词汇拓展 a large/a huge/an enormous amount of + 不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式):例如:A large amount of water is wasted.(大量的水被浪费了。) large/huuge/enormous amounts of + 不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式):例如:Large amounts of time are needed.(需要大量的时间。) the amount of...(短语):…… 的数量。例如:the amount of traffic(交通流量)。 amount to(短语):总计;相当于。例如:His debt amounts to 5000 yuan.(他的债务总计 5000 元。) (十二)approach 词性与词义 名词:方法;途径;接近;道路。例如:a new approach(一种新方法)。 动词:接近;接洽;着手处理;靠近。例如:approach the building(靠近那座建筑物)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 approach sb. /sth.(短语):靠近 / 接近某人 / 某物。例如:approach the teacher(接近老师)。 with... approaching(短语):随着…… 的临近。例如:With the exam approaching, students are studying harder.(随着考试临近,学生们学习更努力了。) the approach of sth.(短语):某事 / 物的来临。例如:the approach of winter(冬天的来临)。 an/the approach to sth. /sp.(短语):解决某事的方法 / 通往某地的道路。例如:an approach to the problem(解决问题的方法);the approach to the park(通往公园的路)。 an/the approach to doing sth.(短语):做某事的方法。例如:an approach to learning English(学习英语的方法)。 (十三)eager 词性与词义 形容词:热切的;渴望的。例如:be eager to learn(渴望学习)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 be eager for sth.(短语):渴望得到某物。例如:be eager for knowledge(渴望知识)。 be eager to do sth.(短语):渴望做某事。例如:be eager to go home(渴望回家)。 eagerly(副词):热切地;渴望地。例如:look eagerly(热切地看)。 eagerness(名词):热切;渴望。例如:show eagerness(表现出渴望)。 (十四)crowded 词性与词义 形容词:拥挤的;挤满的;充满的。例如:a crowded room(拥挤的房间)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 be crowded with...(短语):挤满……;充满……。例如:be crowded with people(挤满了人)。 crowd(名词):人群;一群人;民众。例如:a large crowd(一大群人)。 crowd(动词):挤满;使…… 拥挤。例如:crowd into a place(挤进一个地方)。 语法精讲 (一)if 省略结构 用法归纳 if possible(如果可能的话)、if any(如果有的话)、if so(如果是这样的话)、if necessary(如果有必要的话)等都是习惯性表达,在句子中作插入语,可使句子表达更简洁灵活。 例如:Come to the party if possible.(如果可能的话来参加聚会。);There are few mistakes, if any.(如果有的话错误也很少。);I think so. If so, we should take action.(我认为是这样。如果是这样的话,我们应该采取行动。);Take an umbrella if necessary.(如果有必要的话带把伞。) (二)the way 后接定语从句 用法归纳 the way 作先行词,如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,用 that 或 which 引导定语从句,且 that 或 which 在从句中作宾语时可以省略引导词。 例如:I like the way (that/which) he speaks.(我喜欢他说话的方式。);The way (that/which) was mentioned in the book is useful.(书中提到的方法很有用。) 如果定语从句中缺少状语,可用 that 或 in which 引导定语从句,还可以省略引导词。 例如:I like the way (that/in which) he solves problems.(我喜欢他解决问题的方式。) (三)with 的复合结构 用法归纳 with 的复合结构由 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 构成,常在句中作状语,表示伴随、时间、原因等,也可作定语。 例如:With the book in his hand, he walked into the classroom.(他手里拿着书走进教室。)(伴随状语);With the work finished, he felt relaxed.(工作完成了,他感到轻松。)(原因状语);The girl with long hair is my sister.(那个长头发的女孩是我妹妹。)(定语) 宾语补足语可由动词不定式(表示将来动作)、现在分词(表示主动或正在进行的动作)、过去分词(表示被动或已完成的动作)、形容词、副词、介词短语充当。 例如:With a lot of work to do, he can't go out.(有很多工作要做,他不能出去。)(动词不定式);With the machine running, we can't hear clearly.(机器在运转,我们听不清楚。)(现在分词);With the window broken, the room is cold.(窗户破了,房间很冷。)(过去分词);With the door open, he left.(门开着,他离开了。)(形容词);With the light on, he is reading.(灯亮着,他在看书。)(副词);With a bag in his hand, he went to school.(他手里拿着一个包去上学。)(介词短语) (四)过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 1. 过去分词作定语 位置:一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,修饰不定代词时后置;过去分词短语作后置定语;有些特定过去分词单独作定语后置,如 left(剩余的)、concerned(有关的)等。 例如:a broken cup(一个破杯子);something lost(丢失的东西);the book written by him(他写的书);the few tigers left(剩下的几只老虎);the departments concerned(有关部门)。 意义:及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。 例如:a used car(一辆用过的车,表示被动和完成);fallen leaves(落叶,表示完成)。 与现在分词作定语的区别:现在分词作定语表示主动或正在进行,过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。 例如:The man standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的男人是我的老师,standing 表示主动和正在进行);The house built last year is very beautiful.(去年建造的房子很漂亮,built 表示被动和完成)。 done、being done、to be done 作定语的区别:done 表示被动或完成,being done 表示被动动作正在进行,to be done 表示被动动作将要发生。 例如:The meeting held yesterday was important.(昨天举行的会议很重要,held 表示完成);The house being built now is very big.(现在正在建造的房子很大,being built 表示正在进行);The meeting to be held tomorrow is about the project.(明天要举行的会议是关于这个项目的,to be held 表示将要发生)。 2. 过去分词作宾语补足语 特征及含义:及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动意义或已完成的意义,有时两者兼有;不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间没有逻辑上的被动关系,只表示宾语的状态。 例如:I saw the window broken.(我看到窗户被打破了,broken 与 window 是被动关系,表示完成);He found the door locked.(他发现门锁着,locked 与 door 是被动关系,表示状态)。 几种情况: 在感官动词(词组)后,如 see、watch、observe、find、look at、hear、listen to、feel、notice 等,如果宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词作宾语补足语。 例如:I heard the song sung by her.(我听到她唱这首歌,song 和 sung 是被动关系)。注意:感官动词后也可用现在分词或省略 to 的不定式作宾语 (2019人教版英语必修二第46页和第80-81页) Combine each pair of sentences into one using the past participle of the verb in the second sentence. 1. Dave could not find a seat in the room. It was very crowded. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. The photo won the first prize in the competition. It was taken at Cardiff Castle. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. On the lab table, he found a lot of bottles. They were marked “caution”. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. These are English textbooks. They are specially designed for primary school students. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Judy was happy to see her puppies. They were well taken care of by her friend. ____________________________________________________________________ 6. Westminster Abbey is a typical Gothic church. It was completed in the 10th century. ____________________________________________________________________ 7. At the foot of the hill was a mysterious little hut. It is surrounded by tall pine trees. _______________________________________________________________________ 8. I felt it a pity to end my trip. My trip was ended so soon. _______________________________________________________________________ 核心考点1:puzzle 1. 单词拼写(2 分) 题目:根据所给中文及句子语境,写出单词的正确形式。 The math problem is so ______ (令人迷惑不解的) that few students can solve it. 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:He had a ______ look on his face when he heard the strange news. A. puzzle B. puzzling C. puzzled D. puzzles 3. 词性转换(2 分) 题目:The question ______ (puzzle) me a lot and I didn't know how to answer it. 4. 词义理解(2 分) 题目:“Solve this puzzle if you can.” What does the underlined word “puzzle” mean in this sentence?( ) A. 困惑 B. 谜;智力游戏 C. 使困惑 D. 令人迷惑不解的 5. 词汇运用(2 分) 题目:用 “puzzle” 的适当形式填空,使句子完整通顺。 The ______ situation made everyone think hard for a long time. 核心考点2:belong 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:This house ______ to my grandparents. They have lived here for decades. A. belongs B. is belonging C. belonged D. belong 2. 语法判断(2 分) 题目:判断下列句子中 “belong” 的用法是否正确,正确填 “T”,错误填 “F”。 The book is belonging to me.( ) 3. 词组运用(2 分) 题目:用 “belong to” 翻译句子 “那辆红色的自行车属于我妹妹。” 4. 词性拓展填空(2 分) 题目:She packed all her ______ (belong) before moving to a new city. 核心考点3:as well as 1. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:I like reading books. I also like watching movies.(用 “as well as” 合并为一句) 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:Tom as well as his classmates ______ going to play football this afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. 用法辨析(2 分) 题目:“As well as” 在句子中可以作以下哪些成分?(可多选)( ) A. 连词 B. 介词 C. 副词 D. 形容词 4. 词汇拓展填空(2 分) 题目:I'm going to the concert tonight, and my friend is going ______ (也). 5. 句子翻译(2 分) 题目:用 “as well as” 翻译句子 “除了英语,他还擅长数学。” __________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点4:charge 1. 单词拼写(2 分) 题目:根据所给中文及句子语境,写出单词的正确形式。 The hotel will ______ (收费) you 200 dollars for a night. 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:The police ______ him with stealing. A. charged B. took C. made D. got 3. 短语运用(2 分) 题目:用 “in charge of” 翻译句子 “他负责这个项目。” 4. 词义理解(2 分) 题目:“The charge for the ticket is 50 yuan.” What does the underlined word “charge” mean in this sentence?( ) A. 充电 B. 收费;费用 C. 控告 D. 主管 5. 用法填空(2 分) 题目:They don't ______ (charge) anything for the service. It's free of charge. 核心考点5:approach 1. 词性判断(2 分) 题目:判断下列句子中 “approach” 的词性,填 “名词” 或 “动词”。 We need to find a new approach to solve this problem.( ) 2. 短语填空(2 分) 题目:With the Spring Festival ______ (临近), people are getting busier and busier. 3. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:He didn't know how to ______ the difficult problem. A. approach B. approaches C. approaching D. approached 4. 词汇拓展运用(2 分) 题目:用 “an approach to doing sth.” 结构造句,内容不限。 5. 词义理解(2 分) 题目:“The approach of winter makes the days shorter.” What does the underlined word “approach” mean in this sentence?( ) A. 方法 B. 接近;临近 C. 途径 D. 道路 核心考点 6:if 省略结构 1. 完成句子(2 分) 题目:______(如果有空的话),we can have a discussion about this plan. 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:He will show us some new ideas in his speech, ______.( ) A. if so B. if any C. if possible D. if necessary 3. 句子改写(2 分) 题目:You can call me when it is needed.(用 if 省略结构改写句子) 4. 选词填空(2 分) 题目:I think his suggestion is good. ______, we should adopt it.(从 if possible、if any、if so、if necessary 中选择合适的短语填空) 5. 翻译句子(2 分) 题目:如果有困难的话,你可以向同学求助。(用 if 省略结构翻译句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点 7:the way 后接定语从句 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:I like the way ______ she writes her diary.( ) A. which B. how C. what D. in which 2. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:The method which was mentioned by the teacher is very useful.(用 “the way” 改写句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 填空(2 分) 题目:I like the way ______ (he tells) stories.(用适当的形式填空,使句子成为含有 “the way” 后接定语从句的正确句子) 4. 指出引导词及其在从句中的成分(2 分) 题目:I love the way (that) he smiles at me.(指出括号里 “that” 在句中的作用及成分) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 句子改写(2 分) 题目:The way you explained the question is quite clear.(将此句中的定语从句改为用 “which” 引导的形式) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点 8:with 的复合结构 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:With a lot of children ______ (play) in the yard, the old house became lively again.( ) A. playing B. played C. to play D. are playing 2. 语法填空(2 分) 题目:With the task ______ (complete), he felt a sense of achievement. 3. 句子翻译(2 分) 题目:那个女孩带着一本有趣的书坐在公园里。(用 with 的复合结构翻译句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 指出宾语补足语的类型(2 分) 题目:With the door locked, we couldn't get in.(指出句中 “with 的复合结构” 里宾语补足语的类型) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:She went to school. She carried a backpack.(用 with 的复合结构合并为一句) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 核心考点 9:过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:The ______ (break) cup on the table should be thrown away.( ) A. breaking B. broken C. to break D. break 2. 指出过去分词在句中的成分(2 分) 题目:I saw the window broken.(指出句中 “broken” 在句中所作的成分) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:The boy who is standing there is my friend.(改为用非谓语作定语的句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 选词填空(2 分) 题目:The building ______ (building /built/to be built) last year is very beautiful.(从括号里选择合适的词填空) 5. 完成句子(2 分) 题目:I heard the song ______ (sing) by the famous singer last night.(用所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子中过去分词作宾语补足语) 一、单句语法填空题 1. The problem __________ (puzzle) the scientists for a long time and they are still trying to find a solution. 2. The garden __________ (surround) by beautiful flowers looks like a fairyland. 3. With a lot of tasks __________ (finish), he had to work overtime last night. 4. There are few mistakes in his composition, __________ (if any). 5. I like the way __________ (that/which) he treats his friends. 6. The meeting __________ (hold) yesterday was very important for our company. 7. We found the room __________ (crowd) with people when we entered it. 8. She is eager __________ (learn) more about different cultures. 9. With the exam __________ (approach), students are becoming more and more nervous. 10. The book __________ (belong) to the library should be returned on time. 11. A large amount of water __________ (waste) every day in some places, which is a serious problem. 12. The thief was charged __________ (steal) the diamond from the jewelry store. 13. It was announced that the concert __________ (cancel) due to the bad weather. 14. The region broke away __________ the country several years ago. 15. The evidence __________ his innocence was found at last. 二、阅读理解 Passage 1 East Africa is one of the best places to enjoy incredible hikes. Its soaring hills and mountains with accessible summits and snaking forest trails have made it the home of hiking experiences to suit most time-frames and fitness levels. Mount Meru As Tanzania’s second highest mountain, Mount Meru is often used by mountaineers for an adaptation training before trying to conquer Kilimanjaro. Climbing Mount Meru passes through many different vegetation (植被) zones. The dry forest of the lower region gives way to a dense mountain rainforest, which then turns into bush. The trail also passes through the habitats of a number of wild animals including buffaloes, baboons and giraffes. Mount Kenya At 5,199 meters above sea level, Mount Kenya is an ancient extinct volcano. Mount Kenya has three peaks — Batian, Nelion and Lenana, among which only Lenana can be reached by average trekkers (徒步者) and the other two only for technical climbers. Mount Kenya is also regarded as a holy mountain by all the communities living around it. They use the mountain for traditional rituals based on the belief that their traditional god Ngai and his wife Mumbi live on the peak of the mountain. Mount Kilimanjaro Mount Kilimanjaro reaches 5,895 meters above sea level. It can be climbed at any time of the year but there is usually a lot more rain during April, May and November. At the lower levels, you will pass through cultivated farmlands rising through tropical rainforest onto alpine meadows and finally the barren landscape leading to the snow and ice capped summit. The lower levels also offer the chance to view a wide variety of animals, birds and fauna in their natural habitat. Usambara Mountain Range For hikers who do not want to undergo the difficulties of climbing challenging peaks like Kilimanjaro or Kenya, Tanzania’s Usambara Mountain Range offers a great alternative. Unlike the hikes that require permits and the company of park rangers, it is casual, and easily accessible. At 2,440 meters, Usambara Mountain is home to over 3,000 plant species and over 600 tree species. 1.Why do mountaineers climb Mount Meru first before they do Kilimanjaro? A.To view a wide variety of animals. B.To admire different vegetation zones. C.To get used to the situation of Kilimanjaro. D.To avoid the hardship of climbing Kilimanjaro. 2.What do we know about Mount Kenya? A.It is an active volcano. B.It is easier to climb compared with Kilimanjaro. C.It is sacred in the eyes of residents living around it. D.Its three peaks can be accessible to inexperienced trekkers. 3.What is special about Usambara Mountain Range? A.It is hard to get access to. B.It is home to unique plant species. C.It can be climbed at any time of the year. D.It doesn’t need park rangers to accompany the climbers. Passage 2 Whether you’re heading out for a day trip or a quick weekend getaway (短期休假), we will share some travel tips in this guide to help you make your experience more enjoyable. 1 The best way to travel doesn’t necessarily mean the fastest. Sometimes it means the most enjoyable. Too much consideration on short journeys is not worth it. If you’ve got a preference for a certain means of transport, it’s often worth traveling that way for short distances, even if it ends up taking you a little longer. Study the city you will travel to 2 , like NYC. Others simply aren’t. In Amsterdam, the best way to get about is by bike — whether you use the city’s shared bikes or rent one from your hotel. In Southeast Asia, you’d better rent a scooter (小型摩托车). What works here might not work there. 3 . Try all the available options Maybe you’re not sure about the best means of transport for you. 4 . See what catching the subway is like, try cycling or riding the bus. It’s hard to predict what will be the most convenient. LA has a low-cost public transport network but car-pooling is cheaper, and scooters are the best for getting around West Hollywood. You won’t know until you try them all. Don’t rely on map apps Map apps are useful, but they don’t take into account the possibility of packed subways, queues for taxis and the heat of a train in summer. Besides, they are a bit behind the real traffic time. 5 . — by the time you’ve driven halfway, you might still have another 30 minutes to go. A.Then experience them all B.Some cities are quite walkable C.You can ask the locals for advice D.Think about how you want to travel E.Maybe the map is directing you to a wrong way F.So don’t bother to find the so-called one-size-fits-all answer G.So don’t assume something is a 30-minute drive just because a map app says so 三、完形填空 Torbjorn Pedersen is a Danish traveler who recently finished a trip around the world. But this wasn’t just any trip. Mr. Pedersen spent nearly 10 years 1 every country in the world. As he began to plan his trip, he made a few 2 : no flying, no visiting home, and spend at least 24 hours in every 3 . He hoped that he could 4 about $20 a day, and finish his trip in about four years. It took him far longer. The first part of his trip was pretty easy. He 5 across Europe and North America, where his biggest 6 was not spending too much money. But as he 7 on to other parts of the world, things began to get much 8 . Mr. Pedersen says he had many difficult experiences. He was once 9 at gunpoint and thought he might be killed. He also became 10 ill with malaria (疟疾). But he also had many good 11 . Mr. Pedersen says that one reason he didn’t 12 was the help he got from people all over the world. “You might have to try 1,000 closed doors,” he says, “But there is always a(an) 13 door somewhere. Never, ever give up.” On July 26, 2023 Mr. Pedersen arrived back in Denmark after a 33-day boat ride. He was 14 by about 150 people, including friends and family members. Mr. Pedersen says he plans to write a book and 15 what he learned in his travels around the world. 1.A.checking B.visiting C.recognizing D.contacting 2.A.attempts B.debates C.wishes D.rules 3.A.town B.city C.country D.continent 4.A.relate to B.make up C.apply for D.live on 5.A.traveled B.cut C.drove D.hiked 6.A.challenge B.awkwardness C.responsibility D.discrimination 7.A.got B.moved C.turned D.focused 8.A.sillier B.stranger C.crazier D.harder 9.A.reminded B.concerned C.held D.attended 10.A.actually B.unavoidably C.seriously D.obviously 11.A.experiences B.emotions C.traditions D.proposals 12.A.come about B.die out C.refer to D.give up 13.A.back B.open C.big D.secret 14.A.met B.blocked C.waved D.observed 15.A.quote B.donate C.preserve D.share 四、书信写作 随着经济的发展,越来越多的文化遗产(cultural relics)遭到破坏。假设你是红星中学高中生李华,请给当地报社写一封信,就以下两个方面谈谈你的看法,以纪念6月10日的“世界文化遗产日(the World Cultural Heritage Day)”。 要点: 1. 文化遗迹的重要性(见证历史和文化,帮助人们了解过去;稀少,有价值) 2. 呼吁人们保护文化遗产 注意:1. 要涵盖所给要点,词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。 Dear Editor, I am Li Hua, a senior student from Hong Xing High School. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely Li Hua ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit4(课文学习&知识讲解) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1. Vocabulary Students will learn UNIT 4's vocab, like "puzzle" & "belong", and use them right. 2. Sentence Patterns They'll understand "as well as" and other patterns, and make sentences well. 3. Grammar Master past participles' use and "with" structure in grammar learning. 4. Cultural Awareness Know UK's history and traditions, and cultural differences clearly. 核心词汇 (一)puzzle 词性与词义 名词:谜;智力游戏;疑问。例如:Solve this puzzle if you can.(如果你能的话,解这个谜。) 动词:迷惑;使困惑。例如:The question puzzled me.(这个问题使我困惑。) 词汇拓展 puzzling(形容词):令人迷惑不解的。例如:a puzzling situation(令人迷惑的情况)。 puzzled(形容词):迷惑不解的;困惑的。例如:look puzzled(看起来困惑)。 (二)break away (from sb. /sth.) 词义:脱离;背叛;逃脱。例如:The region broke away from the country.(这个地区脱离了那个国家。) 词汇拓展 break down:出故障;失败;垮掉;使分解。例如:The machine broke down.(机器出故障了。) break in:破门而入。例如:Burglars broke in.(窃贼破门而入。) break into:强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)。例如:break into a run(突然跑起来)。 break out:(战争、火灾等)爆发;突然开始。例如:A war broke out.(一场战争爆发了。) break up:破碎;结束;解散;拆开。例如:The ice broke up.(冰破碎了。) break through:取得突破;突破。例如:break through the barrier(突破障碍)。 break off:中断;折断。例如:break off a relationship(中断关系)。 (三)belong 词性与用法 不及物动词:应在 (某处);适应。例如:This book belongs here.(这本书应放在这里。) 常用搭配:belong to(属于)。例如:The car belongs to him.(这辆车属于他。) 特别提醒与词汇拓展 belong to 不用于进行时态也没有被动形式;作后置定语时,形式为 belonging to。例如:a book belonging to the library(一本属于图书馆的书)。 a sense of belonging(名词短语):一种归属感。例如:feel a sense of belonging(感到一种归属感)。 belongings(名词,复数形式):动产;财物。例如:pack one's belongings(收拾个人财物)。 (四)as well as 用法归纳 作连词:连接并列成分,遵循 “就远原则”。例如:Tom as well as his friends is coming.(汤姆以及他的朋友们要来。) 作介词:相当于 besides、in addition to,意为 “除…… 之外 (还)”。例如:As well as math, he likes science.(除了数学,他还喜欢科学。) 表示比较:意为 “和…… 一样好”。例如:She dances as well as her sister.(她跳舞和她姐姐一样好。) 词汇拓展 as well(副词短语):意为 “也”,位于肯定句尾。例如:I like music, and he likes it as well.(我喜欢音乐,他也喜欢。) (五)defence 词性与词义 名词:防御;保卫;辩解。例如:national defence(国防)。 用法搭配与词汇拓展 in defence/defense of...(短语):为了保护……;为…… 辩护。例如:speak in defence of someone(为某人辩护)。 defend(动词):保卫,防御;辩解。例如:defend the country(保卫国家)。 (六)surround 词性与词义 及物动词:围绕;包围;喜欢身边总有。例如:Flowers surround the house.(房子周围环绕着花。) 用法归纳与词汇拓展 (be) surrounded by/with...(短语):被…… 围绕 / 环绕。例如:be surrounded by trees(被树木环绕)。 surround... with...(短语):用…… 包围……。例如:surround the garden with a wall(用墙围住花园)。 surround oneself with...(短语):和…… 在一起;与…… 为伍。例如:surround oneself with good friends(和好朋友在一起)。 surrounding(形容词):周围的;附近的。例如:surrounding area(周边地区)。 surroundings(名词,复数形式):环境。例如:nice surroundings(良好的环境)。 (七)evidence 词性与词义 名词:证据;证明。例如:find evidence(找到证据)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 There is evidence that...(句型):有证据证明……。例如:There is evidence that he is guilty.(有证据证明他有罪。) (the) evidence of...(短语):…… 的根据 / 证据 / 证明。例如:the evidence of his innocence(他无罪的证据)。 in evidence(短语):显眼;显而易见。例如:His hard work was in evidence.(他的努力显而易见。) evident(形容词):清楚的;显然的;显而易见的。例如:It is evident that he is wrong.(很明显他错了。) (八)achievement 词性与词义 名词:成就;成绩;达到。例如:a great achievement(一项伟大的成就)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 a sense of achievement(短语):一种成就感。例如:get a sense of achievement(获得一种成就感)。 make a great achievement = make great achievements(短语):取得巨大的成就。例如:make great achievements in sports(在体育方面取得巨大成就)。 achieve(动词):实现;完成。例如:achieve a goal(实现一个目标)。 (九)charge 词性与词义 动词:充电;收费;控告。例如:charge the battery(给电池充电);charge for a service(收取服务费);charge someone with a crime(控告某人犯罪)。 名词:收费;指控;主管。例如:the charge for admission(入场费);be in charge of(负责)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 charge (sb.) for sth.(短语):因某物 (向某人) 收费。例如:charge me for the ticket(向我收取票钱)。 charge (sb.) sth. (for sth.)(短语):因某物 (向某人) 收取…… 钱。例如:charge her 10 yuan for the book(这本书向她收 10 元)。 charge sb. with (doing) sth.(短语):控告某人 (做) 某事。例如:charge him with stealing(控告他偷窃)。 take charge of(短语):掌管;负责。例如:take charge of a project(负责一个项目)。 in charge of(短语):主管;负责。例如:in charge of a department(负责一个部门)。 in the charge of = in one's charge(短语):由…… 负责 / 掌管。例如:The work is in the charge of him.(这项工作由他负责。) free of charge(短语):免费。例如:get something free of charge(免费得到某物)。 (十)announce 词性与词义 及物动词:宣布;通知;声称。例如:announce a decision(宣布一个决定)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 announce sth. to sb.(短语):将某事宣布给某人。例如:announce the news to the public(向公众宣布这个消息)。 It is/was announced that...(句型):据宣布……。例如:It was announced that the meeting was cancelled.(据宣布会议取消了。) announcement(名词):公告;通告。例如:make an announcement(发布一个公告)。 announcer(名词):广播员。 (十一)amount 词性与词义 名词:金额;数量。例如:a large amount of money(大量的钱)。 动词:总计;被视为。例如:The cost amounts to 100 dollars.(费用总计 100 美元。) 用法归纳与词汇拓展 a large/a huge/an enormous amount of + 不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式):例如:A large amount of water is wasted.(大量的水被浪费了。) large/huuge/enormous amounts of + 不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式):例如:Large amounts of time are needed.(需要大量的时间。) the amount of...(短语):…… 的数量。例如:the amount of traffic(交通流量)。 amount to(短语):总计;相当于。例如:His debt amounts to 5000 yuan.(他的债务总计 5000 元。) (十二)approach 词性与词义 名词:方法;途径;接近;道路。例如:a new approach(一种新方法)。 动词:接近;接洽;着手处理;靠近。例如:approach the building(靠近那座建筑物)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 approach sb. /sth.(短语):靠近 / 接近某人 / 某物。例如:approach the teacher(接近老师)。 with... approaching(短语):随着…… 的临近。例如:With the exam approaching, students are studying harder.(随着考试临近,学生们学习更努力了。) the approach of sth.(短语):某事 / 物的来临。例如:the approach of winter(冬天的来临)。 an/the approach to sth. /sp.(短语):解决某事的方法 / 通往某地的道路。例如:an approach to the problem(解决问题的方法);the approach to the park(通往公园的路)。 an/the approach to doing sth.(短语):做某事的方法。例如:an approach to learning English(学习英语的方法)。 (十三)eager 词性与词义 形容词:热切的;渴望的。例如:be eager to learn(渴望学习)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 be eager for sth.(短语):渴望得到某物。例如:be eager for knowledge(渴望知识)。 be eager to do sth.(短语):渴望做某事。例如:be eager to go home(渴望回家)。 eagerly(副词):热切地;渴望地。例如:look eagerly(热切地看)。 eagerness(名词):热切;渴望。例如:show eagerness(表现出渴望)。 (十四)crowded 词性与词义 形容词:拥挤的;挤满的;充满的。例如:a crowded room(拥挤的房间)。 用法归纳与词汇拓展 be crowded with...(短语):挤满……;充满……。例如:be crowded with people(挤满了人)。 crowd(名词):人群;一群人;民众。例如:a large crowd(一大群人)。 crowd(动词):挤满;使…… 拥挤。例如:crowd into a place(挤进一个地方)。 语法精讲 (一)if 省略结构 用法归纳 if possible(如果可能的话)、if any(如果有的话)、if so(如果是这样的话)、if necessary(如果有必要的话)等都是习惯性表达,在句子中作插入语,可使句子表达更简洁灵活。 例如:Come to the party if possible.(如果可能的话来参加聚会。);There are few mistakes, if any.(如果有的话错误也很少。);I think so. If so, we should take action.(我认为是这样。如果是这样的话,我们应该采取行动。);Take an umbrella if necessary.(如果有必要的话带把伞。) (二)the way 后接定语从句 用法归纳 the way 作先行词,如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,用 that 或 which 引导定语从句,且 that 或 which 在从句中作宾语时可以省略引导词。 例如:I like the way (that/which) he speaks.(我喜欢他说话的方式。);The way (that/which) was mentioned in the book is useful.(书中提到的方法很有用。) 如果定语从句中缺少状语,可用 that 或 in which 引导定语从句,还可以省略引导词。 例如:I like the way (that/in which) he solves problems.(我喜欢他解决问题的方式。) (三)with 的复合结构 用法归纳 with 的复合结构由 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 构成,常在句中作状语,表示伴随、时间、原因等,也可作定语。 例如:With the book in his hand, he walked into the classroom.(他手里拿着书走进教室。)(伴随状语);With the work finished, he felt relaxed.(工作完成了,他感到轻松。)(原因状语);The girl with long hair is my sister.(那个长头发的女孩是我妹妹。)(定语) 宾语补足语可由动词不定式(表示将来动作)、现在分词(表示主动或正在进行的动作)、过去分词(表示被动或已完成的动作)、形容词、副词、介词短语充当。 例如:With a lot of work to do, he can't go out.(有很多工作要做,他不能出去。)(动词不定式);With the machine running, we can't hear clearly.(机器在运转,我们听不清楚。)(现在分词);With the window broken, the room is cold.(窗户破了,房间很冷。)(过去分词);With the door open, he left.(门开着,他离开了。)(形容词);With the light on, he is reading.(灯亮着,他在看书。)(副词);With a bag in his hand, he went to school.(他手里拿着一个包去上学。)(介词短语) (四)过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 1. 过去分词作定语 位置:一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,修饰不定代词时后置;过去分词短语作后置定语;有些特定过去分词单独作定语后置,如 left(剩余的)、concerned(有关的)等。 例如:a broken cup(一个破杯子);something lost(丢失的东西);the book written by him(他写的书);the few tigers left(剩下的几只老虎);the departments concerned(有关部门)。 意义:及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。 例如:a used car(一辆用过的车,表示被动和完成);fallen leaves(落叶,表示完成)。 与现在分词作定语的区别:现在分词作定语表示主动或正在进行,过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。 例如:The man standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的男人是我的老师,standing 表示主动和正在进行);The house built last year is very beautiful.(去年建造的房子很漂亮,built 表示被动和完成)。 done、being done、to be done 作定语的区别:done 表示被动或完成,being done 表示被动动作正在进行,to be done 表示被动动作将要发生。 例如:The meeting held yesterday was important.(昨天举行的会议很重要,held 表示完成);The house being built now is very big.(现在正在建造的房子很大,being built 表示正在进行);The meeting to be held tomorrow is about the project.(明天要举行的会议是关于这个项目的,to be held 表示将要发生)。 2. 过去分词作宾语补足语 特征及含义:及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动意义或已完成的意义,有时两者兼有;不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间没有逻辑上的被动关系,只表示宾语的状态。 例如:I saw the window broken.(我看到窗户被打破了,broken 与 window 是被动关系,表示完成);He found the door locked.(他发现门锁着,locked 与 door 是被动关系,表示状态)。 几种情况: 在感官动词(词组)后,如 see、watch、observe、find、look at、hear、listen to、feel、notice 等,如果宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词作宾语补足语。 例如:I heard the song sung by her.(我听到她唱这首歌,song 和 sung 是被动关系)。注意:感官动词后也可用现在分词或省略 to 的不定式作宾语 (2019人教版英语必修二第46页和第80-81页) Combine each pair of sentences into one using the past participle of the verb in the second sentence. 1. Dave could not find a seat in the room. It was very crowded. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. The photo won the first prize in the competition. It was taken at Cardiff Castle. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. On the lab table, he found a lot of bottles. They were marked “caution”. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. These are English textbooks. They are specially designed for primary school students. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Judy was happy to see her puppies. They were well taken care of by her friend. ____________________________________________________________________ 6. Westminster Abbey is a typical Gothic church. It was completed in the 10th century. ____________________________________________________________________ 7. At the foot of the hill was a mysterious little hut. It is surrounded by tall pine trees. _______________________________________________________________________ 8. I felt it a pity to end my trip. My trip was ended so soon. _______________________________________________________________________ 1. 答案:Dave could not find a seat in the very crowded room. 解题指导:原句中第二句 “It was very crowded” 是描述 “room” 的状态,在合并句子时,我们把 “crowded” 这个过去分词用来作 “room” 的定语,直接放在 “room” 前面,这样就简洁地将两句合成了一句,体现出房间很拥挤这个特点,同时符合用过去分词合并句子的要求。 2. 答案:The photo taken at Cardiff Castle won the first prize in the competition. 解题指导:观察这两个句子,第二句 “It was taken at Cardiff Castle” 是说明照片的拍摄地点,“taken” 是 “take” 的过去分词形式,在合并的时候,我们把 “taken at Cardiff Castle” 这个过去分词短语放在 “photo” 后面作后置定语,用来修饰限定 “photo”,清晰表明是在卡迪夫城堡拍摄的那张照片获得了比赛一等奖,按照要求完成了句子合并。 3. 答案:On the lab table, he found a lot of bottles marked “caution”. 解题指导:此处第二句 “They were marked ‘caution’” 是描述 “bottles” 的情况,“marked” 为过去分词,我们把它作为后置定语放在 “bottles” 后面,用以说明这些瓶子有着 “caution” 的标记,从而把两句自然地合并起来,符合用过去分词合并句子的规则,使句子表达更紧凑。 4. 答案:These are English textbooks specially designed for primary school students. 解题指导:对于这组句子,第二句 “They are specially designed for primary school students” 是对 “English textbooks” 的补充说明,我们提取出过去分词短语 “specially designed for primary school students”,将其放在 “English textbooks” 后面作后置定语,这样就能简洁地表明这些英语课本是专门为小学生设计的,成功把两句话合并成一句。 5. 答案:Judy was happy to see her puppies well taken care of by her friend. 解题指导:在这两个句子里,第二句 “They were well taken care of by her friend” 描述了 “puppies” 的被照顾的状态,我们把 “well taken care of by her friend” 这个过去分词短语放在 “puppies” 后面作宾语补足语,补充说明小狗的情况,让句子在合并后依然表意清晰,符合题目使用过去分词进行句子合并的要求。 6. 答案:Westminster Abbey, completed in the 10th century, is a typical Gothic church. 解题指导:分析句子可知,第二句 “It was completed in the 10th century” 是在说明威斯敏斯特大教堂建成的时间,我们把过去分词短语 “completed in the 10th century” 作为插入语放在 “Westminster Abbey” 后面,用逗号隔开,起到补充说明大教堂相关信息的作用,同时完成了利用过去分词将两句合并的任务,使句子结构合理且表意完整。 7. 答案:At the foot of the hill was a mysterious little hut surrounded by tall pine trees. 解题指导:本题中第二句 “It is surrounded by tall pine trees” 是描述小屋的周边环境,也就是被高大松树环绕的状态,我们提取出过去分词短语 “surrounded by tall pine trees” 放在 “hut” 后面作后置定语,用以修饰 “hut”,准确表明小屋所处的环境情况,进而把两句话顺利合并成一句,遵循了用过去分词合并句子的原则。 8.答案:I felt it a pity to end my trip ended so soon. 解题指导:第二句 “My trip was ended so soon” 是对 “trip” 结束情况的描述,我们把 “ended so soon” 这个过去分词短语放在 “trip” 后面作后置定语,来说明旅行结束得很快这一情况,按照题目要求通过使用过去分词将两句话合并起来,让句子表达更精炼且表意明确。 核心考点1:puzzle 1. 单词拼写(2 分) 题目:根据所给中文及句子语境,写出单词的正确形式。 The math problem is so ______ (令人迷惑不解的) that few students can solve it. 答案:puzzling 解析:解题指导:此处需要一个形容词修饰 “math problem”,表示事物的性质是 “令人迷惑不解的”,根据所给中文提示以及 “puzzle” 的词汇拓展知识,应该用 “puzzling” 这个形容词形式,所以填写 “puzzling”。 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:He had a ______ look on his face when he heard the strange news. A. puzzle B. puzzling C. puzzled D. puzzles 答案:C 解析:解题指导:此句中用来修饰 “look(表情)”,表达人 “感到困惑的” 状态,根据 “puzzle” 的词汇拓展,修饰人时要用 “puzzled” 这个形容词形式,所以选 C。 3. 词性转换(2 分) 题目:The question ______ (puzzle) me a lot and I didn't know how to answer it. 答案:puzzled 解析:解题指导:观察句子,此处缺少谓语动词,且句子描述的是过去发生的事情,根据 “puzzle” 作为动词表示 “迷惑;使困惑” 的用法以及句子的时态要求,要将其变为一般过去式,所以填 “puzzled”。 4. 词义理解(2 分) 题目:“Solve this puzzle if you can.” What does the underlined word “puzzle” mean in this sentence?( ) A. 困惑 B. 谜;智力游戏 C. 使困惑 D. 令人迷惑不解的 答案:B 解析:解题指导:在给定的句子 “Solve this puzzle if you can.” 中,“Solve(解决)” 这个动词提示 “puzzle” 在此处是作为一个可以被解决的对象,结合 “puzzle” 的词性与词义知识,可知这里指的是 “谜;智力游戏”,所以选 B。 5. 词汇运用(2 分) 题目:用 “puzzle” 的适当形式填空,使句子完整通顺。 The ______ situation made everyone think hard for a long time. 答案:puzzling 解析:解题指导:句中需要一个形容词来修饰 “situation(情况)”,表示这个情况是 “令人迷惑不解的”,按照 “puzzle” 的词汇拓展,修饰事物用 “puzzling”,所以填 “puzzling”。 核心考点2:belong 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:This house ______ to my grandparents. They have lived here for decades. A. belongs B. is belonging C. belonged D. belong 答案:A 解析:解题指导:“belong to” 表示 “属于”,是固定短语,该句描述的是客观事实,主语 “This house” 是单数,所以谓语动词用一般现在时第三人称单数形式,“belong” 没有进行时态,因此选 A。 2. 语法判断(2 分) 题目:判断下列句子中 “belong” 的用法是否正确,正确填 “T”,错误填 “F”。 The book is belonging to me.( ) 答案:F 解析:解题指导:“belong to” 这个短语不用于进行时态,句中 “is belonging” 的表达不符合其语法规则,所以是错误的,应填 “F”。 3. 词组运用(2 分) 题目:用 “belong to” 翻译句子 “那辆红色的自行车属于我妹妹。” 答案:That red bike belongs to my sister. 解析:解题指导:“belong to” 后接表示所属对象的名词或代词,按照句子的中文意思,将 “那辆红色的自行车” 作为主语,“我妹妹” 作为 “belong to” 的宾语,直接翻译为 “That red bike belongs to my sister.” 即可。 4. 词性拓展填空(2 分) 题目:She packed all her ______ (belong) before moving to a new city. 答案:belongings 解析:解题指导:根据 “belong” 的词汇拓展知识,“belongings” 是名词复数形式,意为 “动产;财物”,此处句子表达 “她打包所有的财物”,需要用名词形式,所以填 “belongings”。 核心考点3:as well as 1. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:I like reading books. I also like watching movies.(用 “as well as” 合并为一句) 答案:I like reading books as well as watching movies. 解析:解题指导:“as well as” 用于连接并列的成分,在这里连接 “reading books” 和 “watching movies” 这两个并列的动名词短语,同时要注意强调的重点在前半部分,按照这个规则将两句话合并为一句 “I like reading books as well as watching movies.”。 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:Tom as well as his classmates ______ going to play football this afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案:A 解析:解题指导:“as well as” 连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要与前面的主语保持一致,也就是遵循 “就远原则”,这里前面的主语是 “Tom”,句子时态是一般将来时,用 “be going to” 结构,“Tom” 是单数,所以用 “is”,选 A。 3. 用法辨析(2 分) 题目:“As well as” 在句子中可以作以下哪些成分?(可多选)( ) A. 连词 B. 介词 C. 副词 D. 形容词 答案:AB 解析:解题指导:根据 “as well as” 的用法归纳,它可以作连词连接并列成分,也可以作介词相当于 “besides、in addition to”,表示 “除…… 之外(还)”,但它不能作副词和形容词,所以选 AB。 4. 词汇拓展填空(2 分) 题目:I'm going to the concert tonight, and my friend is going ______ (也). 答案:as well 解析:解题指导:根据 “as well as” 的词汇拓展知识,“as well” 是副词短语,意为 “也”,常用于肯定句的句尾,此处句子表达 “我的朋友也去”,放在句尾符合其用法,所以填 “as well”。 5. 句子翻译(2 分) 题目:用 “as well as” 翻译句子 “除了英语,他还擅长数学。” __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:He is good at math as well as English. 解析:解题指导:按照 “as well as” 作介词时表示 “除…… 之外(还)” 的用法,将 “数学” 放在前面作为强调的重点,“英语” 放在 “as well as” 后面,结合 “be good at(擅长)” 这个短语,翻译为 “He is good at math as well as English.”。 核心考点4:charge 1. 单词拼写(2 分) 题目:根据所给中文及句子语境,写出单词的正确形式。 The hotel will ______ (收费) you 200 dollars for a night. 答案:charge 解析:解题指导:此处句子缺少谓语动词,“charge” 作为动词有 “收费” 的意思,且在 “will” 后要用动词原形,所以填 “charge”。 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:The police ______ him with stealing. A. charged B. took C. made D. got 答案:A 解析:解题指导:“charge sb. with (doing) sth.” 是固定短语,意为 “控告某人(做)某事”,符合句子中 “警察控告他偷窃” 的语境,所以选 A。 3. 短语运用(2 分) 题目:用 “in charge of” 翻译句子 “他负责这个项目。” 答案:He is in charge of the project. 解析:解题指导:“in charge of” 表示 “主管;负责”,后面接所负责的事物,按照句子中文意思,将 “他” 作为主语,“这个项目” 作为 “in charge of” 的宾语,直接翻译为 “He is in charge of the project.” 即可。 4. 词义理解(2 分) 题目:“The charge for the ticket is 50 yuan.” What does the underlined word “charge” mean in this sentence?( ) A. 充电 B. 收费;费用 C. 控告 D. 主管 答案:B 解析:解题指导:在句子 “The charge for the ticket is 50 yuan.” 中,“for the ticket(对于门票来说)” 提示与费用相关,结合 “charge” 作为名词时有 “收费;费用” 的意思,所以这里 “charge” 指的是 “收费;费用”,选 B。 5. 用法填空(2 分) 题目:They don't ______ (charge) anything for the service. It's free of charge. 答案:charge 解析:解题指导:观察句子,“don't” 是助动词的否定形式,后接动词原形,“charge” 在这里作谓语动词,表达 “收费” 的意思,符合句子 “这项服务不收取任何费用” 的语境,所以填 “charge”。 核心考点5:approach 1. 词性判断(2 分) 题目:判断下列句子中 “approach” 的词性,填 “名词” 或 “动词”。 We need to find a new approach to solve this problem.( ) 答案:名词 解析:解题指导:在句子 “We need to find a new approach to solve this problem.” 中,“approach” 前面有 “a new” 修饰,后面接 “to solve this problem” 作后置定语,整体在句中作 “find” 的宾语,符合名词的语法功能和用法特点,所以是名词。 2. 短语填空(2 分) 题目:With the Spring Festival ______ (临近), people are getting busier and busier. 答案:approaching 解析:解题指导:“with... approaching” 是常用短语,意为 “随着…… 的临近”,此处 “the Spring Festival” 是 “approaching” 的逻辑主语,两者是主动关系,用现在分词形式,符合句子表达随着春节临近人们越来越忙的语境,所以填 “approaching”。 3. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:He didn't know how to ______ the difficult problem. A. approach B. approaches C. approaching D. approached 答案:A 解析:解题指导:此处句子缺少谓语动词,“approach” 作为动词有 “着手处理;靠近” 等意思,在 “to” 后要用动词原形,所以选 A,表示 “他不知道如何处理这个难题”。 4. 词汇拓展运用(2 分) 题目:用 “an approach to doing sth.” 结构造句,内容不限。 答案:There are different approaches to learning English, such as reading English novels.(答案不唯一) 解析:解题指导:“an approach to doing sth.” 表示 “做某事的方法”,按照这个结构,先确定要描述的事情,比如 “学习英语”,然后列举相应的方法,像 “阅读英语小说” 等,组成一个合理通顺的句子即可,注意句子结构要符合英语语法规则。 5. 词义理解(2 分) 题目:“The approach of winter makes the days shorter.” What does the underlined word “approach” mean in this sentence?( ) A. 方法 B. 接近;临近 C. 途径 D. 道路 答案:B 解析:解题指导:在句子 “The approach of winter makes the days shorter.” 中,“of winter” 修饰 “approach”,整体表达冬天的一种状态使得白天变短了,结合 “approach” 的词性与词义知识,这里指的是 “冬天的临近”,所以选 B。 核心考点 6:if 省略结构 1. 完成句子(2 分) 题目:______(如果有空的话),we can have a discussion about this plan. 答案:If possible 解析:解题指导:“if possible” 表示 “如果可能的话”,在此语境中可理解为 “如果有空的话”,作为插入语放在句首,能使句子表达简洁又符合英语的表达习惯,用来表达在满足 “有空” 这个条件下做后面的事。 2. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:He will show us some new ideas in his speech, ______.( ) A. if so B. if any C. if possible D. if necessary 答案:B 解析:解题指导:“if any” 意为 “如果有的话”,句中说 “他会在演讲里向我们展示一些新点子,如果有的话”,就是对前面提到的 “新想法” 情况进行补充说明,在句子中作插入语,符合 “if any” 的用法,所以选 B。 3. 句子改写(2 分) 题目:You can call me when it is needed.(用 if 省略结构改写句子) 答案:You can call me if necessary. 解析:解题指导:原句 “when it is needed” 意思是 “当需要的时候”,按照 “if 省略结构” 的用法,可直接改写成 “if necessary”,将其作为插入语放入句中,这样句子会更简洁灵活,且意思保持不变,依然是表达 “如果有需要,你可以给我打电话”。 4. 选词填空(2 分) 题目:I think his suggestion is good. ______, we should adopt it.(从 if possible、if any、if so、if necessary 中选择合适的短语填空) 答案:If so 解析:解题指导:前一句表明 “我认为他的建议是好的”,后一句说 “我们应该采纳它”,中间需要一个能承接前后逻辑的短语,“If so” 意思是 “如果是这样的话”,正好符合此处逻辑,即如果前面认为建议好这个情况属实,那么就应该采纳,所以填 “If so”。 5. 翻译句子(2 分) 题目:如果有困难的话,你可以向同学求助。(用 if 省略结构翻译句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:Ask your classmates for help if any difficulties. 解析:解题指导:依据 “if 省略结构” 中 “if any” 表示 “如果有的话” 的用法,把句子翻译为 “Ask your classmates for help if any difficulties.”,“if any difficulties” 作为插入语放在句中,简单明了地传达出 “如果存在困难这种情况,就向同学求助” 的意思。 核心考点 7:the way 后接定语从句 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:I like the way ______ she writes her diary.( ) A. which B. how C. what D. in which 答案:D 解析:解题指导:“the way” 作先行词,在定语从句中作状语,从句 “she writes her diary” 主谓宾结构完整,缺的是方式状语,所以引导词可以用 “in which” 或者 “that”,也可以省略,因此选 D。 2. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:The method which was mentioned by the teacher is very useful.(用 “the way” 改写句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:I like the way (that/which) was mentioned by the teacher. 解析:解题指导:原句中 “which was mentioned by the teacher” 是修饰 “The method” 的定语从句,改写时把 “The method” 替换为 “the way”,因为在定语从句中 “the way” 作主语,引导词 “that” 或 “which” 在从句中作主语时不能省略,所以改写为 “I like the way (that/which) was mentioned by the teacher.”,这符合 “the way” 作先行词接定语从句的语法规则。 3. 填空(2 分) 题目:I like the way ______ (he tells) stories.(用适当的形式填空,使句子成为含有 “the way” 后接定语从句的正确句子) 答案:(that/in which) he tells 解析:解题指导:“the way” 作先行词,从句 “he tells stories” 主谓宾结构完整,缺的是方式状语,所以引导词可以用 “that” 或 “in which”,故填 “(that/in which) he tells”,这样就能准确表达 “我喜欢他讲故事的方式”,符合相关语法要求。 4. 指出引导词及其在从句中的成分(2 分) 题目:I love the way (that) he smiles at me.(指出括号里 “that” 在句中的作用及成分) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:“that” 在句中作引导词,引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语(可省略),用来修饰先行词 “the way”,说明是 “他对我微笑的那种方式”。 解析:解题指导:在此句中,“the way” 是先行词,“he smiles at me” 是定语从句,从句中 “smiles at” 是不及物动词短语,“that” 指代 “the way” 在从句中充当宾语,当 “that” 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,它起到引导从句并在从句中充当宾语以进一步说明是哪种方式的作用。 5. 句子改写(2 分) 题目:The way you explained the question is quite clear.(将此句中的定语从句改为用 “which” 引导的形式) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:The way which you explained the question with is quite clear. 解析:解题指导:原句中 “you explained the question” 是修饰 “the way” 的定语从句,改写为用 “which” 引导时,要把 “which” 放在从句开头,同时因为 “explain” 是及物动词,后面需要接宾语,这里 “the question” 是宾语,原句省略了介词 “with”,改写后要补充出来,变为 “The way which you explained the question with is quite clear.”,符合 “the way” 后接定语从句且用 “which” 引导的用法要求。 核心考点 8:with 的复合结构 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:With a lot of children ______ (play) in the yard, the old house became lively again.( ) A. playing B. played C. to play D. are playing 答案:A 解析:解题指导:在 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构中,“children” 和 “play” 之间是主动关系,且表示 “很多孩子正在院子里玩耍” 这一正在进行的动作,根据语法规则,此时要用现在分词 “playing” 作宾语补足语,所以选 A。 2. 语法填空(2 分) 题目:With the task ______ (complete), he felt a sense of achievement. 答案:completed 解析:解题指导:在 “with 的复合结构” 里,“task” 与 “complete” 是被动关系,任务是被完成的,并且从句子语境能看出任务已经完成了,按照语法要求,用过去分词 “completed” 作宾语补足语,体现过去分词表示被动和已完成动作的用法。 3. 句子翻译(2 分) 题目:那个女孩带着一本有趣的书坐在公园里。(用 with 的复合结构翻译句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:The girl sat in the park with an interesting book in her hand. 解析:解题指导:按照 “with 的复合结构”,“with + 宾语(an interesting book) + 宾语补足语(in her hand)” 在此处作伴随状语,用来描述女孩坐在公园里时的状态,将其合理地放在句子中,符合英语表达习惯,能准确传达出 “带着…… 的状态做某事” 的意思。 4. 指出宾语补足语的类型(2 分) 题目:With the door locked, we couldn't get in.(指出句中 “with 的复合结构” 里宾语补足语的类型) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:过去分词。 解析:解题指导:在 “With the door locked” 这个 “with 的复合结构” 中,“locked” 是过去分词,它用来补充说明 “the door” 的状态,表明门是处于被锁上的状态,所以此处宾语补足语的类型是过去分词,符合宾语补足语可由过去分词充当的语法规则。 5. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:She went to school. She carried a backpack.(用 with 的复合结构合并为一句) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:She went to school with a backpack on her back. 解析:解题指导:观察这两个句子,要把后一句 “She carried a backpack” 用 “with 的复合结构” 的形式融入前一句中,作为伴随状语来说明她去上学时背着背包的状态,改写成 “with a backpack on her back” 放在 “She went to school” 后面,符合 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 作状语的用法,使合并后的句子表意更紧凑合理。 核心考点 9:过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 1. 单项选择(2 分) 题目:The ______ (break) cup on the table should be thrown away.( ) A. breaking B. broken C. to break D. break 答案:B 解析:解题指导:此处需要一个形容词来修饰 “cup”,“break” 与 “cup” 之间是被动关系,杯子是被打破的,而且表示动作已完成,根据过去分词作定语表示被动和完成的语法规则,应当用 “broken”,所以选 B。 2. 指出过去分词在句中的成分(2 分) 题目:I saw the window broken.(指出句中 “broken” 在句中所作的成分) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:宾语补足语。 解析:解题指导:在句子 “I saw the window broken” 中,“saw” 是感官动词,“window” 是宾语,“broken” 用来补充说明 “window” 的状态,它与 “window” 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示窗户处于被打破的状态,这符合过去分词作宾语补足语的用法,所以 “broken” 在句中作宾语补足语。 3. 句型转换(2 分) 题目:The boy who is standing there is my friend.(改为用非谓语作定语的句子) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:The boy standing there is my friend. 解析:解题指导:原句是一个含有定语从句的句子,要改成用过去分词作定语的句子,“standing there” 原本是现在分词短语作定语表示主动和正在进行,由于 “boy” 和 “stand” 是主动关系,所以直接去掉 “who is”,变为 “The boy standing there is my friend.”,用现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 “boy”,遵循现在分词与过去分词作定语的转换规则及相应语法要求。 4. 选词填空(2 分) 题目:The building ______ (building /built/to be built) last year is very beautiful.(从括号里选择合适的词填空) 答案:built 解析:解题指导:这里是用一个词来修饰 “The building” 作定语,根据 “done、being done、to be done 作定语的区别”,“built” 表示被动和完成,句中说 “去年建造的建筑”,符合建筑已经被建造完成的语境,所以填 “built”。 5. 完成句子(2 分) 题目:I heard the song ______ (sing) by the famous singer last night.(用所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子中过去分词作宾语补足语) 答案:sung 解析:解题指导:在 “heard” 这个感官动词后,“song” 和 “sing” 之间是被动关系,歌曲是被著名歌手演唱的,并且句子描述的是昨晚听到的已经完成的动作,依据过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动和已完成意义的语法规则,所以填 “sung”。 一、单句语法填空题 1. The problem ______ (puzzle) the scientists for a long time and they are still trying to find a solution. 答案:has puzzled 解析:根据句子后面的 “for a long time” 以及 “they are still trying to find a solution” 可知,此处强调这个问题从过去一直到现在都让科学家们感到困惑,应该使用现在完成时态,其结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”,主语 “The problem” 是第三人称单数,所以用 “has puzzled”。 2. The garden ______ (surround) by beautiful flowers looks like a fairyland. 答案:surrounded 解析:此处考查过去分词作定语。“garden” 和 “surround” 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,即花园是被花围绕着的,单个过去分词作前置定语修饰 “garden”,所以填 “surrounded”。 3. With a lot of tasks ______ (finish), he had to work overtime last night. 答案:to finish 解析:本题考查 “with 的复合结构” 中宾语补足语的用法。“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 在此处作状语,宾语 “a lot of tasks” 和 “finish” 之间是被动关系,且这里表示有很多任务要去完成(将来动作),所以要用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填 “to finish”。 4. There are few mistakes in his composition, ______ (if any). 答案:if any 解析:“if any” 是习惯性表达,在句子中作插入语,意思是 “如果有的话”,符合此处语境,用于补充说明前面提到的 “few mistakes”(几乎没有错误)的情况,即便有错误也是很少的情况。 5. I like the way ______ (that/which) he treats his friends. 答案:that/which(可省略) 解析:“the way” 作先行词,在定语从句 “he treats his friends” 中,缺少宾语(treat 是及物动词,后面接宾语,这里是说对待朋友的方式,way 相当于 treats 的宾语),所以用 that 或 which 引导定语从句,且 that 或 which 在从句中作宾语时可以省略引导词。 6. The meeting ______ (hold) yesterday was very important for our company. 答案:held 解析:此处考查过去分词作定语。“meeting” 与 “hold” 之间是逻辑上的被动关系(会议是被召开的),且这里表示动作已完成(昨天召开的),所以用过去分词 “held” 作后置定语修饰 “meeting”。 7. We found the room ______ (crowd) with people when we entered it. 答案:crowded 解析:考查 “be crowded with...” 这个短语,此处用形容词 “crowded” 作宾语补足语,说明宾语 “room” 所处的状态是挤满了人的状态,“room” 和 “crowd” 之间虽然不是被动关系(这里是一种状态描述),但符合 “find + 宾语 + 形容词(作宾补)” 这样的结构用法。 8. She is eager ______ (learn) more about different cultures. 答案:to learn 解析:“be eager to do sth.” 是固定短语,意为 “渴望做某事”,此处表示她渴望学习更多关于不同文化的知识,所以填 “to learn”。 9. With the exam ______ (approach), students are becoming more and more nervous. 答案:approaching 解析:考查 “with 的复合结构” 中宾语补足语的用法,“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 在句中作状语,“exam” 和 “approach” 之间是主动关系(考试临近,是主动发生的动作),且表示正在进行(随着考试逐渐临近),所以用现在分词 “approaching” 作宾语补足语。 10. The book ______ (belong) to the library should be returned on time. 答案:belonging 解析:此处考查现在分词作后置定语,“book” 和 “belong” 之间是主动关系(书属于图书馆,是主动的所属关系),作后置定语时要用 “belonging” 形式,相当于 “which belongs”。 11. A large amount of water ______ (waste) every day in some places, which is a serious problem. 答案:is wasted 解析:“a large/a huge/an enormous amount of + 不可数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,“water” 和 “waste” 之间是被动关系(水是被浪费的),所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态 “is wasted”。 12. The thief was charged ______ (steal) the diamond from the jewelry store. 答案:with stealing 解析:“charge sb. with (doing) sth.” 是固定短语,意为 “控告某人(做)某事”,此处表示小偷被控告从珠宝店偷钻石,所以填 “with stealing”。 13. It was announced that the concert ______ (cancel) due to the bad weather. 答案:was cancelled 解析:“It was announced that...” 是固定句型,意为 “据宣布……”,从句中主语 “the concert” 和 “cancel” 之间是被动关系(音乐会是被取消的),且根据前面的 “was announced” 可知时态是一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态 “was cancelled”。 14. The region broke away ______ the country several years ago. 答案:from 解析:“break away (from sb. /sth.)” 是固定短语,意为 “脱离;背叛;逃脱”,此处表示这个地区几年前脱离了那个国家,所以填 “from”。 15. The evidence ______ his innocence was found at last. 答案:of 解析:“(the) evidence of...” 是短语,意为 “…… 的根据 / 证据 / 证明”,此处表示他无罪的证据,所以填 “of”。 二、阅读理解 Passage 1 East Africa is one of the best places to enjoy incredible hikes. Its soaring hills and mountains with accessible summits and snaking forest trails have made it the home of hiking experiences to suit most time-frames and fitness levels. Mount Meru As Tanzania’s second highest mountain, Mount Meru is often used by mountaineers for an adaptation training before trying to conquer Kilimanjaro. Climbing Mount Meru passes through many different vegetation (植被) zones. The dry forest of the lower region gives way to a dense mountain rainforest, which then turns into bush. The trail also passes through the habitats of a number of wild animals including buffaloes, baboons and giraffes. Mount Kenya At 5,199 meters above sea level, Mount Kenya is an ancient extinct volcano. Mount Kenya has three peaks — Batian, Nelion and Lenana, among which only Lenana can be reached by average trekkers (徒步者) and the other two only for technical climbers. Mount Kenya is also regarded as a holy mountain by all the communities living around it. They use the mountain for traditional rituals based on the belief that their traditional god Ngai and his wife Mumbi live on the peak of the mountain. Mount Kilimanjaro Mount Kilimanjaro reaches 5,895 meters above sea level. It can be climbed at any time of the year but there is usually a lot more rain during April, May and November. At the lower levels, you will pass through cultivated farmlands rising through tropical rainforest onto alpine meadows and finally the barren landscape leading to the snow and ice capped summit. The lower levels also offer the chance to view a wide variety of animals, birds and fauna in their natural habitat. Usambara Mountain Range For hikers who do not want to undergo the difficulties of climbing challenging peaks like Kilimanjaro or Kenya, Tanzania’s Usambara Mountain Range offers a great alternative. Unlike the hikes that require permits and the company of park rangers, it is casual, and easily accessible. At 2,440 meters, Usambara Mountain is home to over 3,000 plant species and over 600 tree species. 1.Why do mountaineers climb Mount Meru first before they do Kilimanjaro? A.To view a wide variety of animals. B.To admire different vegetation zones. C.To get used to the situation of Kilimanjaro. D.To avoid the hardship of climbing Kilimanjaro. 2.What do we know about Mount Kenya? A.It is an active volcano. B.It is easier to climb compared with Kilimanjaro. C.It is sacred in the eyes of residents living around it. D.Its three peaks can be accessible to inexperienced trekkers. 3.What is special about Usambara Mountain Range? A.It is hard to get access to. B.It is home to unique plant species. C.It can be climbed at any time of the year. D.It doesn’t need park rangers to accompany the climbers. 【答案】1.C 2.C 3.D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四座非洲的名山以及各自的特色。 1.细节理解题。根据第二段“As Tanzania’s second highest mountain, Mount Meru is often used by mountaineers for an adaptation training before trying to conquer Kilimanjaro.(作为坦桑尼亚的第二高峰,梅鲁山经常被登山者用来进行适应训练,然后再试图征服乞力马扎罗山)”可知,登山者先爬梅鲁山,再爬乞力马扎罗山是为了适应乞力马扎罗山的情况。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Mount Kenya is also regarded as a holy mountain by all the communities living around it.(肯尼亚山也被居住在它周围的所有社区视为圣山)”可知,肯尼亚山在周围居民眼中是神圣的。故选C。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Unlike the hikes that require permits and the company of park rangers, it is casual, and easily accessible.(与需要许可证和公园护林员陪伴的徒步旅行不同,它很随意,很容易到达)”可知,乌桑巴拉山脉不需要公园管理员陪同登山者。故选D。 Passage 2 Whether you’re heading out for a day trip or a quick weekend getaway (短期休假), we will share some travel tips in this guide to help you make your experience more enjoyable. 1 The best way to travel doesn’t necessarily mean the fastest. Sometimes it means the most enjoyable. Too much consideration on short journeys is not worth it. If you’ve got a preference for a certain means of transport, it’s often worth traveling that way for short distances, even if it ends up taking you a little longer. Study the city you will travel to 2 , like NYC. Others simply aren’t. In Amsterdam, the best way to get about is by bike — whether you use the city’s shared bikes or rent one from your hotel. In Southeast Asia, you’d better rent a scooter (小型摩托车). What works here might not work there. 3 . Try all the available options Maybe you’re not sure about the best means of transport for you. 4 . See what catching the subway is like, try cycling or riding the bus. It’s hard to predict what will be the most convenient. LA has a low-cost public transport network but car-pooling is cheaper, and scooters are the best for getting around West Hollywood. You won’t know until you try them all. Don’t rely on map apps Map apps are useful, but they don’t take into account the possibility of packed subways, queues for taxis and the heat of a train in summer. Besides, they are a bit behind the real traffic time. 5 . — by the time you’ve driven halfway, you might still have another 30 minutes to go. A.Then experience them all B.Some cities are quite walkable C.You can ask the locals for advice D.Think about how you want to travel E.Maybe the map is directing you to a wrong way F.So don’t bother to find the so-called one-size-fits-all answer G.So don’t assume something is a 30-minute drive just because a map app says so 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.F 4.A 5.G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一篇旅行指南帮助读者在旅行中做出明智的选择并得到更加愉快的体验。 1.根据下文“The best way to travel doesn’t necessarily mean the fastest. Sometimes it means the most enjoyable. Too much consideration on short journeys is not worth it. If you’ve got a preference for a certain means of transport, it’s often worth traveling that way for short distances, even if it ends up taking you a little longer. (最好的旅行方式不一定是最快的。有时它意味着最愉快的。在短途旅行中考虑太多是不值得的。如果你对某种交通方式有偏好,那么短途旅行通常是值得的,即使它最终会花费你更多的时间。)”可知,本段主要介绍所考虑的旅游方式。所以D选项“Think about how you want to travel (想想你想要怎样旅行)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 2.根据后句“Others simply aren’t. Others simply aren’t. In Amsterdam, the best way to get about is by bike —whether you use the city’s shared bikes or rent one from your hotel. (其他的则不是。在阿姆斯特丹,最好的出行方式就是骑自行车——不管你是使用城市的共享单车还是从酒店租一辆。)”以及后面提到的不同地方可知,这里提到不同城市的旅游方式。所以B选项“Some cities are quite walkable (有些城市非常适合步行)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 3.根据前句“What works here might not work there. (在这里有效的方法在那里不一定有效。)”及本段内容可知,不同城市的最佳出行方式不同,答案不能一刀切。所以F选项“So don’t bother to find the so-called one-size-fits-all answer (所以不要费心去寻找所谓的一刀切的答案)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 4.根据本段小标题“Try all the available options (尝试所有可用的选项)”及下文“Maybe you’re not sure about the best means of transport for you. (也许你不确定哪种交通方式最适合你。)”可知,本段介绍尝试体验不同的交通方式。所以A选项“Then experience them all (那就全部体验一下)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 5.根据前句“Besides, they are a bit behind the real traffic time. (此外,他们有点落后于真正的交通时间。)”和后句“by the time you’ve driven halfway, you might still have another 30 minutes to go. (当你开到一半的时候,你可能还有30分钟要走。)”可知,交通信息不及时,所以地图应用程序也会有误。所以G选择项“So don’t assume something is a 30-minute drive just because a map app says so (所以,不要仅仅因为地图应用程序这么说,就认为某个地方需要30分钟的车程)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 三、完形填空 Torbjorn Pedersen is a Danish traveler who recently finished a trip around the world. But this wasn’t just any trip. Mr. Pedersen spent nearly 10 years 1 every country in the world. As he began to plan his trip, he made a few 2 : no flying, no visiting home, and spend at least 24 hours in every 3 . He hoped that he could 4 about $20 a day, and finish his trip in about four years. It took him far longer. The first part of his trip was pretty easy. He 5 across Europe and North America, where his biggest 6 was not spending too much money. But as he 7 on to other parts of the world, things began to get much 8 . Mr. Pedersen says he had many difficult experiences. He was once 9 at gunpoint and thought he might be killed. He also became 10 ill with malaria (疟疾). But he also had many good 11 . Mr. Pedersen says that one reason he didn’t 12 was the help he got from people all over the world. “You might have to try 1,000 closed doors,” he says, “But there is always a(an) 13 door somewhere. Never, ever give up.” On July 26, 2023 Mr. Pedersen arrived back in Denmark after a 33-day boat ride. He was 14 by about 150 people, including friends and family members. Mr. Pedersen says he plans to write a book and 15 what he learned in his travels around the world. 1.A.checking B.visiting C.recognizing D.contacting 2.A.attempts B.debates C.wishes D.rules 3.A.town B.city C.country D.continent 4.A.relate to B.make up C.apply for D.live on 5.A.traveled B.cut C.drove D.hiked 6.A.challenge B.awkwardness C.responsibility D.discrimination 7.A.got B.moved C.turned D.focused 8.A.sillier B.stranger C.crazier D.harder 9.A.reminded B.concerned C.held D.attended 10.A.actually B.unavoidably C.seriously D.obviously 11.A.experiences B.emotions C.traditions D.proposals 12.A.come about B.die out C.refer to D.give up 13.A.back B.open C.big D.secret 14.A.met B.blocked C.waved D.observed 15.A.quote B.donate C.preserve D.share 【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Torbjorn Pedersen的环球旅行。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意:Mr. Pedersen花了将近10年的时间访问了世界上的每一个国家。A. checking检查;B. visiting参观,访问;C. recognizing识别;D. contacting联系。根据上文“Torbjorn Pedersen is a Danish traveler who recently finished a trip around the world”可知,Mr. Pedersen是一位旅行家,他花了将近10年的时间访问了世界上的每一个国家。故选B。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当他开始计划旅行时,他制定了一些规则:不坐飞机,不回家,在每个国家至少呆24小时。A. attempts尝试;B. debates辩论;C. wishes愿望;D. rules规则。根据下文“no flying, no visiting home”可知,他制定了一些规则。故选D。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当他开始计划旅行时,他制定了一些规则:不坐飞机,不回家,在每个国家至少呆24小时。A. town城镇;B. city城市;C. country国家;D. continent大洲。根据上一段“Mr. Pedersen spent nearly 10 years visiting every country in the world”可知,他走遍世界上的每一个国家,故他的规则是在每个国家至少呆24小时。故选C。 4.考查动词短语辨析。句意:他希望自己能靠每天20美元左右的生活费生活,并在大约四年内完成他的旅行。A. relate to与……有关;B. make up组成;C. apply for申请;D. live on以……为生。根据空后“about $20 a day”可知,他希望可以靠每天20美元左右来生活,空格处意为“以……为生”。故选D。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他游历了欧洲和北美,在那里他最大的挑战是不要花太多钱。A. traveled旅行;B. cut切;C. drove驾驶;D. hiked远足。根据上文“Torbjorn Pedersen is a Danish traveler”可知,他游历了欧洲和北美。故选A。 6.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他游历了欧洲和北美,在那里他最大的挑战是不要花太多钱。A. challenge挑战;B. awkwardness尴尬;C. responsibility责任;D. discrimination歧视。根据空后“was not spending too much money”可知,他最大的挑战是不要花太多钱。故选A。 7.考查动词词义辨析。句意:但当他到达世界其他地方时,事情开始变得更加困难。A. got得到;B. moved移动;C. turned翻转;D. focused集中。根据下文“to other parts of the world”可知,他“移动到”世界的其他地方。故选B。 8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但当他到达世界其他地方时,事情开始变得更加困难。A. sillier更傻的;B. stranger更强大的;C. crazier更疯狂的;D. harder更艰难的。根据下文“Mr. Pedersen says he had many difficult experiences.”可知,他遇到很多困难,故事情开始变得更加困难。故选D。 9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一次,他被枪口顶着,以为自己可能会被杀。A. reminded提醒;B. concerned担心;C. held顶住;D. attended参加。根据空后“at gunpoint and thought he might be killed”可知,他被枪口顶着。故选C。 10.考查副词词义辨析。句意:他还患上了严重的疟疾。A. actually事实上;B. unavoidably不可避免地;C. seriously严肃地;D. obviously明显地。根据空后“ill with malaria”可知,他病得很严重。故选C。 11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但他也有很多好的经历。A. experiences经历;B. emotions情感;C. traditions传统;D. proposals提议。根据下文“help he got from people all over the world”可知,他得到好多人的帮助,故他有很多好的经历。故选A。 12.考查动词短语辨析。句意:Mr. Pedersen说,他没有放弃的一个原因是他得到了全世界人民的帮助。A. come about发生;B. die out灭绝;C. refer to参考;D. give up放弃。根据下文“Never, ever give up”可知,这里是说他没有放弃的原因之一是他得到了全世界人民的帮助。故选D。 13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:“你可能不得不尝试1000扇紧闭的门,”他说,“但总有一扇敞开的门。永远不要放弃。”A. back后面的;B. open打开的;C. big大的;D. secret秘密的。根据句中“but”可知,空处与closed相对,应是总有一扇敞开的门。故选B。 14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:约有150人迎接了他,其中包括朋友和家人。A. met迎接;B. blocked阻挡;C. waved挥手;D. observed观察。根据上文“On July 26, 2023 Mr. Pedersen arrived back in Denmark after a 33-day boat ride”可知,他旅行回来了,故他的家人朋友去迎接他。故选A。 15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:Mr. Pedersen说,他计划写一本书,分享他在世界各地旅行中学到的东西。A. quote引用;B. donate捐赠;C. preserve保存;D. share分享。根据上文“he plans to write a book”和空后“what he learned in his travels around the world”可知,他想要分享在旅行中学到的东西。故选D。 四、书信写作 随着经济的发展,越来越多的文化遗产(cultural relics)遭到破坏。假设你是红星中学高中生李华,请给当地报社写一封信,就以下两个方面谈谈你的看法,以纪念6月10日的“世界文化遗产日(the World Cultural Heritage Day)”。 要点: 1. 文化遗迹的重要性(见证历史和文化,帮助人们了解过去;稀少,有价值) 2. 呼吁人们保护文化遗产 注意:1. 要涵盖所给要点,词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。 Dear Editor, I am Li Hua, a senior student from Hong Xing High School. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely Li Hua 【答案】Dear Editor,       I am Li Hua, a Senior student from Hong Xing High School.       Nowadays, with the development of our society, more and more cultural relics are facing the danger of disappearing. So we must attach importance to the problem and try our best to protect them.First, cultural relics represent our historic cultures, which offer us a great opportunity to learn about what happened in the past. Also, they are the roots of a city or a place. They can help us make our traditional cultures handed down from generation to generation. More importantly, most of them have survived for a long time and they are usually very rare and valuable.       For above reasons, with the World Cultural Heritage Day coming, we shouldn’t hesitate to call on people to take action to save our treasures. I hope more and more people will become concerned about protecting our cultural relics. Sincerely Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就越来越多的文化遗产遭到破坏这一问题,给当地报社写一封信,谈一下文化遗迹的重要性,呼吁人们保护文化遗产。其内容包括:文化遗迹的重要性和呼吁人们保护文化遗产。 【详解】1.词汇积累 面临:face →confront 重视、着重于:attach importance to →lay emphasis on 号召某人做某事:call on sb to do sth →appeal to sb to do sth 越来越多的人:more and more people →an increasing number of people 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句:Nowadays, with the development of our society, more and more cultural relics are facing the danger of disappearing. 拓展句:Nowadays, as society develops, an increasing number of cultural relics are in danger of disappearing. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, cultural relics represent our historic cultures, which offer us a great opportunity to learn about what happened in the past.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句、动词不定式作后置定语和what引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I hope more and more people will become concerned about protecting our cultural relics. (运用了省略that的宾语从句和动名词作宾语) ( 12 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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第05讲 必修二 Unit4 课文学习&知识点讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义(人教版2019)
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第05讲 必修二 Unit4 课文学习&知识点讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义(人教版2019)
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第05讲 必修二 Unit4 课文学习&知识点讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义(人教版2019)
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