Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction 同步练习2023-2024学年高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册

UNIT 3　Conservation Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction 一、拼写正确形式的单词 1. It is reported that some rare ________(物种) have been discovered in this mountain. 2. The number of students in some rural schools have ________(减少) sharply in recent years. 3. I couldn't think of letting you take the ________(责备). 4. These ________(濒危的) animals should be under careful conservation. 5. As you know, ________(太阳的) energy does no harm to our planet. 6. The little boy tried to ________(孵化) these eggs by putting them under his arms. 7. This beautiful old building has been ________(恢复) to its former glory.. 8. The climate this year is quite ________(异常的) from average years. 9. You can see ________(各种各样的) animals and plants in this forest. 10. It has ________ (大量) of flowers normally each year. 二、单句语法填空 1. His father, known ________ a skilled surgeon, will come to give a lecture in our school. 2. The price of meat has decreased __________ 15%. 3. _________(affect) by the drought, the rice production has decreased by 18% in this region. 4. In the last thirty years, there ________(be) great changes in every walk of life in our country. 5. The dog barked a whole night, ________ kept me awake all night long. 6. ________ he has failed many times in his exams, he doesn’t want to give up trying. 7. It is quite certain ________ their team will lose the game in the end. 8. Without the Internet, our life ________(be) different from what it is. 9. My hen has ________(lay) twenty eggs this month. 10. It is up ________ you to decide where to have our dinner party. 3、 选择短语，并按正确形式填空 be known as die out wipe out be to blame be at risk a mass of 1. The giant panda ______________ a national treasure of China? 2. Which driver ___________________for the traffic accident last week? 3. For half a year, she tried to ___________ the memory of that terrible moment. 4. On the desk of my niece is________________ books and papers. 5. The disease is difficult to handle, and all children under five ________________． 6. Some arctic species will probably ____________ due to global warming. 4、 阅读理解 The African elephant will disappear within two decades if urgent action is not taken to save one of the world’s most iconic animal species; the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has warned in a new campaign fundraiser. The population of these elephants—the largest animal currently walking the earth — has declined by 70 percent in the last 40 years, in large part because of the illegal ivory trade, which is the biggest driver of elephant poaching,_according to the non­profit. In fact, 20,000 elephants are killed every year to feed this trade. Once an elephant is killed, poachers harvest the ivory to meet a growing demand for products made from this material. Ivory can be turned into ornaments and decorations, as well as being used in traditional Asian medicine for its intended therapeutic value. Elephants are also sometimes killed to provide a source of meat. This poaching takes place despite a global ban on ivory sales under the CITES multilateral treaty (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) which was introduced in 1990. Above the poachers are powerful organized criminal networks which commonly engage in corruption, money laundering and assassinations. Part of the issue in policing the problem is that the governments of nations where African elephants live often lack sufficient resources to protect and monitor elephant herds, which often reside in remote and inaccessible habitats. When the animals are killed, they often suffer a brutal death. African elephants are found in 37 countries across the continent and are categorized as “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with a remaining population of around 415,000 in the wild, according to WWF. These animals play a crucial role in the ecosystem, helping to maintain healthy habitats for many other species. This is because African elephants help to disperse seeds. The population of African elephants — which are split into two subspecies — once numbered between three and five million during the last century. However, this figure has fallen dramatically as a result of poaching and other factors, such as habitat fragmentation or loss. 1. The word “poaching” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. desperate desire　　　　 B. severe damage C. illegal hunting D. cruel killing 2. What is the main reason for the sharp decline in the number of African elephants? A. They were hunted by other animals. B. They failed to survive the natural disasters. C. There is no suitable living environment. D. They were illegally traded for ivory. 3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. Absence of bans or regulations on ivory sales is the biggest driver of elephant poaching. B. Elephants living in remote habitats are less vulnerable than those living in nations with adequate resources. C. If the African elephant disappear, the ecosystem there is likely to be ruined. D. African elephant herbs usually migrated in large population. 4. What’s the best title for this passage? A. African Elephants Will Be Gone in The Future B. African Elephants, Leading Role in Ecosystem C. The Population of African Elephants D. Different Types of African Elephants 5、 七选五 Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen. The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO.　1　 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.  　2　 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.  Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. 　3　 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers are exposed as well.” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.  Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big-picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment. 　4　 The US Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:  · Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic. ·　5　  · Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality. · Wear high-grade,rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor. · Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area. A. However,of all the environmental pollutants,air pollution is being called the most dangerous. B. But what can individuals do to limit our family’s exposure to air pollution? C. Therefore,the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment. D. The organisation also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths. E. A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children. F. Everybody,she says,needs to breathe. G. Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units. 6、 语法填空 Tuan was a farmer in Vietnam. For decades, he had been struggling to rid his family 1． hunger. However, it always confused him how 2． (expand) the output of his crops. This 3． (disturb) problem led to his regretting being a farmer. He would rather have chosen 4． job. One day, when skimming through a newspaper, Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping. He underlined Yuan’s nationality and occupation, and then 5． (focus) on his discovery and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very 6． (practice). Therefore, he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method. He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped 7． (he) to keep his crop roots free of bacteria and pests. He also enriched minerals in the soil while 8． (reduce) chemical fertilizers. Though it cost him more time and 9． (free), he was full of hope. The next year, Tuan was sunburnt but satisfied with 10． (he) production very much. Thanks to Yuan Longping, he not only won the battle against hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad. 【参考答案】 1、 单词拼写 1. species　 2. decreased　 3. blame　 4. endangered　 5. solar　 6. hatch　 7. restored　 8. unusual　 9. varied/various 10. masses 二、单句语法填空 1. as 2. by 3. Affected 4. have been 5. which 6. Though/Although 7. that 8. would be 9. laid 10. to 3、 短语填空 1. 1． is known as　 2． was to blame　 3． wipe out　 4． a mass of　 5． are at risk　 6． die out 4、 阅读理解 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了由于人类的破坏行为，如果不采取紧急行动，非洲象将在未来的20年内消失。 1. C 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“the largest animal currently walking the earth—has declined by 70 percent in the last 40 years, in large part because of the illegal ivory trade”可知，大象数量下降很大程度上是因为非法象牙贸易，从而根据后句的非限制性定语从句可以猜测，因为非法象牙贸易的存在，成为大象偷猎的最大推动力。所以poaching的含义为“偷猎”之意。故选C项。 2．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The population of these elephants—the largest animal currently walking the earth—has declined by 70 percent in the last 40 years, in large part because of the illegal ivory trade, which is the biggest driver of elephant poaching.”和第四段“Once an elephant is killed, poachers harvest the ivory to meet a growing demand for products made from this material. Ivory can be turned into ornaments and decorations, as well as being used in traditional Asian medicine for its intended therapeutic value. ”可知，非洲象数量急剧下降的主要原因是非法象牙贸易。故选D项。 3．C　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“These animals play a crucial role in the ecosystem, helping to maintain healthy habitats for many other species. This is because African elephants help to disperse seeds.”可推断出，如果非洲象消失了，那里的生态系统很可能会被破坏。故选C项。 4．A　标题推测题。根据文章第一段“The African elephant will disappear within two decades if urgent action is not taken to save one of the world’s most iconic animal species, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has warned in a new campaign fundraiser.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了由于人类的破坏行为，如果不采取紧急行动，非洲象将在未来的20年内消失。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“非洲象将在未来消失”。故选A项。 五、七选五 【语篇解读】文章指出环境污染是近年来导致幼童死亡率上升的主要原因之一。 1. D　上文提到,一个月至五岁的儿童中最常见的死亡原因是腹泻、疟疾和肺炎,D项“The organisation also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.”补充了世界卫生组织的另一个结论,符合语境。 2.A　下文提到,世界卫生组织估计,空气污染每年造成约650万人早衰或早亡。A项“However,of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.”表示,在所有的环境污染物中,空气污染被认为是最危险的。呼应下文中的air pollution“空气污染”,符合语境。 3.F　上文提到,世界卫生组织环境与卫生主管Maria Neira说,空气污染是贫富之间的一个平衡点。F项“Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.”中的she呼应前文中的Maria Neira,符合语境。 4.B　根据下文的“The US Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions”可知,这里说的是个人能做什么来保护环境。B项“But what can individuals do to limit our family’s exposure to air pollution?”提到人们能做些什么来减少家里的空气污染,符合语境。 5.G　根据上下文可知,这里介绍的是个人保护环境的方法。G项“Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.”符合语境。 六、语法填空 1. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了越南农民Tuan受到袁隆平故事的激励而努力去提高农作物产量。 1．of　考查介词。句意：几十年来，他一直在努力让他的家人摆脱饥饿。rid sb. of固定短语，“使某人摆脱……”。故填of。 2．to expand　考查动词不定式。句意：但是，如何扩大农作物产量这个问题一直困扰着他。此句是“疑问词＋不定式”作主语，根据句意“如何扩大农作物产量这个问题一直困扰着他”可知。故填how。 3．disturbing　考查现在分词。句意：这个令人烦恼的问题导致他后悔当了一个农民。形容词修饰名词作定语。故填disturbing。 4．another　考查代词。句意：他宁愿选择另一份工作。another job “另一份工作”。故填another。 5．focused　考查时态。句意：他在袁隆平的国籍和职业下画了线，然后开始专注于他的发现和他的研究数据。根据“He underlined Yuan’s nationality and occupation”的时态，可知谓语动词用一般过去时。故填focused。 6．practical　考查形容词。句意：他发现袁隆平的知识非常实用。此处形容词作表语。故填practical。 7．himself　考查代词。句意：他种植了营养丰富的超级谷物，并配备了防止作物根部细菌和害虫的设备。本句的主语为he。主语与宾语为同一个人或者事物时，宾语用反身代词，所以此处用反身代词himself作宾语。故填himself。 8．reducing　考查非谓语动词。句意：他还增加了土壤中的矿物质，同时减少了化肥的使用。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，he和reduce在逻辑上是主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填reducing。 9．freedom　考查名词。句意：虽然这让他失去了更多的时间和自由，但是他充满了希望。此空与time 并列，作宾语。故填freedom。 10．his　考查代词。句意：第二年，Tuan虽然晒黑了，但对自己的产品很满意。名词前应用形容性物主代词。故填his。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$