高二英语期末模拟卷（北京专用）-学易金卷：2024-2025学年高中上学期期末模拟考试

2024-2025学年高二上学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语·答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 记 条码粘贴处 准考证号 注意泰项 0 0 0 0 0 1,答题前，考生先将自己的姓名.准考证号码填写清 2.请将准考证条码粘粘在右侧榈条码粘贴处的方柜 2 内。 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须用0.5 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 4,请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的 答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 6 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 使用涂改液、纸刀。 8 8 8 8 8 6.填涂样例正确■错误-I√]「×] 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第-节（供10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 1[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 2[A][B][C][D] 7AJ[B][CJ[D] 3[A]IB][C][D] 8IA][B][C][D] 4[AJ[B][C][D] 9[A][B][C][D] 5[AJ[B][C][D] 10.[AJ[B][C][D] 第二节（供10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 11 12 13 14. 15 16 17. 18 19. 20 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.[A][B][C][D] 26.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 35.[AJ[B][C][D][E][F][G] 22[A1[B][C][D] 27.A][B][C][D] 32[A][B][C1[D] 36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 23.[A][B][C][D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 24AJ[B][C][D] 29.[A]IB][CJ[D] 34.[A][B][C][D] 38[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E]IF][G] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第1页共2页 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（满分12分） 40. (2分) 41 (2分) 42 (3分) 43. (5分) 第二节（满分20分） Dear Jim, Yours, LiHua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第2页共2页 2024-2025学年高二上学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3. 难度系数：0.65。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 A few weeks ago, I received a package containing seeds from my friend. When I asked her what they would 1 into, a smile crossed her face. “Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself 2 !” she said. I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot. In the first few days, I was very excited to search for the slightest signs, but 3 happened. With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad and 4 . How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life. I watered the plants in dry periods. On the eighth day, to my great 5 , a few light green sprouts (新芽) appeared. Bending down and studying the plants, I could almost hear them growing. More days passed, and the flowerpot soon became 6 with coriander (香菜) plants. Now they are taller than the edge of the pot, constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind, as if they were merrily singing a song of 7 . I am certain that after a few more days, my plants will be ready for 8 . These plants have played an important part in 9 up my everyday life. They may not be a main dish on our table, but using some will surely make our dishes delicious. Let us all slow our pace down and be patient. So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience will 10 us with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world. 1．A．grow B．run C．look D．break 2．A．immediately B．finally C．quickly D．regularly 3．A．anything B．everything C．something D．nothing 4．A．shocked B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．scared 5．A．surprise B．pity C．shame D．anxiety 6．A．packed B．lined C．crowded D．piled 7．A．courage B．freedom C．interest D．relief 8．A．harvest B．loss C．sights D．rest 9．A．picking B．ending C．brightening D．taking 10．A．impress B．assist C．surround D．reward 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者将香菜种子种在花盆里，后来种子发芽，长成了香菜，点亮了作者的生活，这让作者意识到只要我们采取措施让我们的心灵自由，时间和耐心会给我们带来快乐。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我问她它们长大后会变成什么样子时，她脸上掠过一丝笑容。A. grow生长；B. run跑；C. look看；D. break打破。由后文的“Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself”可知，作者朋友叫作者把种子种下去耐心等待，说明作者问的是种子长大后会变成什么，故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你最终会亲眼看到的！A. immediately立刻；B. finally最后；C. quickly快速地；D. regularly有规律地。but表转折，由上文的“I asked her what they would ___1___ into”可知，作者想知道种子长大会变成什么，那应该要到最后才能看到，故选B。 3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：在最初的几天里，我非常兴奋地寻找最轻微的迹象，但什么也没有发生。A. anything任何东西；B. everything所有东西；C. something某些东西；D. nothing没有任何东西。由上文的“I was very excited to search for the slightest signs”和but表转折可知，作者找种子发芽的迹象，但是却什么也没有发现，空格处是“没有任何东西”，故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沉重的家庭作业，我开始感到悲伤和失望。A. shocked震惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. scared害怕的。由“With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad”和后面的“How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life”可知，家庭作业太多，种子没有发芽，而作者又需要色彩，作者觉得伤心和失望，故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第八天，让我大吃一惊的是，出现了几颗嫩绿的芽。A. surprise惊讶；B. pity同情；C. shame羞耻；D. anxiety焦虑。由后文的“a few light green sprouts (新芽) appeared”可知，种子发芽了，作者应该觉得惊讶，to one’s surprise意为“让某人惊讶的是”，故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天过去了，花盆里很快摆满了香菜。A. packed打包；B. lined沿……形成行（或列、排）；C. crowded聚集；D. piled堆放。由第二段的“I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot”和后文的“with coriander (香菜) plants”可知，作者先前把种子种在花盆里，现在花盆里应该挤满了香菜，be crowded with意为“挤满”，故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在它们比盆边还高了，它们的叶子在和风里不停地晃动着，好像在欢快地唱着一首自由的歌。A. courage勇气；B. freedom自由；C. interest兴趣；D. relief缓解。由上文的“constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind”可知，叶子在和风里不停地晃动着，给人感觉它们很自由，因此句子表示“好像在欢快地唱着一首自由的歌”，故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信再过几天，我的植物就可以收获了。A. harvest收获；B. loss损失；C. sights视野；D. rest休息。由上文的“after a few more days”可知，再过几天香菜应该是可以收获了，故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些植物在点亮我的日常生活中起着重要的作用。A. picking挑选；B. ending结束；C. brightening照亮；D. taking拿走。由后文的“using some will surely make our dishes delicious”可知，香菜使菜肴更美味，因此是点亮了作者的生活，故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要我们采取措施让我们的心灵自由，时间和耐心会回报我们生活在这个可爱的世界的纯粹的快乐。A. impress使留下深刻印象；B. assist帮助；C. surround围绕；D. reward奖励。由上文的“So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience”和“with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world”可知，句子表示“只要我们采取措施让我们的心灵自由，时间和耐心会回报我们生活在这个可爱的世界的纯粹的快乐”，因此空格处是“回报”，故选D。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A What made my childhood truly special was our next-door neighbor, Mrs. Greene, who was a retired schoolteacher then. Every weekend, I would 11 (eager) visit her. Sitting in her living room filled with books from floor to ceiling, and 12 (listen) to her tales were the best part of my week. The stories were her adventures during her younger days. I still remember the way her eyes 13 (light) up with every memory, the passion in her voice, and the life lessons. It was evident that her 14 (teach) days might have ended, but her wisdom hadn’t. 【答案】11．eagerly 12．listening 13．lit/lighted 14．teaching 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者的邻居格林太太。 11．考查副词。句意：每个周末，我都会迫不及待地去看她。修饰动词would visit需用副词eagerly，作状语。故填eagerly。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在摆满了从地板到天花板的书的客厅里，听她讲故事是我一周中最美好的时光。空处需填动名词listening和上文sitting并列作主语。故填listening。 13．考查动词时态。句意：我仍然记得她的眼睛里闪烁着回忆的光芒，她的声音里充满激情，还有人生的教训。空处为定语从句的谓语，根据上文的“were”和下文的“was”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填lit/lighted。 14．考查形容词。句意：很明显，她的教学生涯可能已经结束了，但她的智慧却没有。空处修饰名词days，作定语，应用 形容词teaching。故填teaching。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Buster Keaton, often overshadowed (使黯然失色) by the fame of Charlie Chaplin, was a comedic talent in his own right. Born in 1895, he entered show business at a young age and quickly became known for his unique brand of physical comedy. Films 15 (produce) by him are considered timeless classics. 16 , what distinguishes (区别) him from other comedians is his ability of humor, a talent 17 depth is immeasurable. He was not just a performer; he was an artist whose works continue to influence modern comedy. 【答案】15．produced 16．However/Nevertheless 17．whose 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了喜剧演员——Charlie Chaplin。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：他制作的电影被认为是永恒的经典。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词are considered，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词films，produce和films为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填produced。 16．考查副词。句意：然而，他与其他喜剧演员的区别在于他的幽默能力，这是一种无法估量的天赋。上下文之间为转折关系，空后为逗号，需用副词however/nevertheless，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填However/Nevertheless。 17．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词talent，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the ever-evolving (不断进化的) landscape of modern education, the value of critical thinking skills cannot be overstated (过分强调). Generally 18 (speak), students today are expected to not only memorize facts but also think critically and apply their analyses in real-world 19 (situation). Schools now have made it mandatory (强制性的) to put problem-solving exercises in their courses. Many students, having been studying in these newer systems, have made significant improvements in their analytical abilities. This transition, given the strong emphasis on learning in the past, 20 (mark) a super change in educational methods. 【答案】18．speaking 19．situations 20．marks/has marked 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在不断发展的现代教育环境中，批判性思维技能的重要性。 18．考查固定搭配。句意：一般来说，今天的学生不仅要记住事实，而且要批判性地思考，并将他们的分析应用到真实世界的情境中。generally speaking为固定搭配，意为“一般来说”。故填speaking。 19．考查名词。句意同上。situation为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填situations。 20．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种转变，在过去非常强调学习的情况下，标志着教育方法的一个超级变化。此处描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，也可以表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为This transition，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填marks/has marked。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Regeneron Science Talent Search (Regeneron STS) is the oldest and most important science research competition for high school students all over the nation. Started in 1942, Regeneron STS recognizes and empowers most promising young scientists. Each year, nearly 2,000 students enter Regeneron STS. The competition awards 300 student scholars and their schools annually and invites 40 student finalists to Washington, D．C． to participate in final judging. Regeneron STS provides an important platform for their original research which is examined and reviewed by professional scientists. What are the requirements? ●Applicants must be over 13 years of age and have legal parental permission to submit (提交) the application and participate, or be 18 years of age or older; ●Applicants must complete individual research projects to enter Regeneron STS. Research conducted as part of a pre-collegiate student team project is not qualified for Regeneron STS; ●Applicants must submit application package through our online system, and must not have entered any previous Regeneron STS. What are the core components of an application? ●Essays, short answer responses, activities and basic information; ●Scientific Research Report (maximum 20-page research paper about one of the applicant’s original research projects); ●Recommendations submitted by adults; ●Test Scores (optional). What could the applicants win? ●PARTICIPATION AWARDS: All competitors will receive a T-shirt, laptop stickers, and a free one-year subscription to Science News magazine. ●SCHOLAR AWARDS: Each of the 300 scholars will receive a $2,000award. ●SCHOOL AWARDS: The schools of each scholar will receive $2,000 per scholar. The award is intended to contribute to excellence in science, math and/or engineering education at the school. ●FINALIST AWARDS: Judges select 40 finalists from among the scholars. In addition to an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D．C．, finalists receive a minimum award of $25,000. 21．From Paragraph 1, we know that Regeneron STS ________. A．was started before the 1940s B．recognizes 40 scholars every year C．is a platform for professional scientists D．is a nationwide science research competition 22．According to the passage, applicants are required to ________. A．be over 18 years old B．submit applications online C．have entered Regeneron STS before D．have completed the research for a team project 23．Who will win a minimum award of $25,000? A．Each finalist. B．Each participant. C．Each scholar. D．Each of the scholars’ school. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．A 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍全国性的科学研究竞赛Regeneron STS。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Regeneron Science Talent Search (Regeneron STS) is the oldest and most important science research competition for high school students all over the nation. (Regeneron科学人才搜索（Regeneron STS）是全国最古老、最重要的高中生科学研究竞赛。)”可知，Regeneron STS是全国性的科学研究竞赛。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据What are the requirements?部分第三条“Applicants must submit application package through our online system (申请人必须通过我们的在线系统提交申请包)”可知，申请人需要在线提交申请。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据What could the applicants win?部分最后一条“In addition to an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D. C., finalists receive a minimum award of $25,000. (入围者除了可以免费前往华盛顿特区，还可以获得最低2.5万美元的奖金)”可知，参加决赛者还将获得最低25000美元的奖励。故选A。 B When I was an undergraduate student studying ecology, I was used to discovering overall trends in large amounts of data. The thought of getting my hands dirty in the field never seemed interesting to me. I saw it as a boring and repetitive task. But I knew potential graduate schools would likely view my lack of field experience as a hole in my application letter. My mother also thought I should work for a few years to explore my interests before pursuing further education. So  I decided to apply for field-based summer positions after graduation. After landing a job assessing the sage grouse habitat in Utah, I found myself in the company of Sherel, a 75-year-old botanist and the leader of our field crew. On the very first day of the fieldwork, I noticed a special plant on the field. “Wonderful! Looks like you’ve got a Mahonia repens,” Sherel shouted excitedly. I gently touched the plant with yellow flowers by my feet, “This one here? How can you tell it’s a Mahonia?” He paused briefly to admire the plant and then began his energetic description of the plant’s typical features. That evening, while we were watching the sunset together, I texted my childhood friend. “Day I was actually kind of fun,” I started, “but we’ll see how long it takes before I get bored from just identifying plants in the field all day.” But as the weeks of fieldwork rolled by, the boredom I had expected never arrived. I came home from the field each night with sore legs and a sunburned neck, excited by the day’s finds. By picking Sherel’s brain about different species of animals and plants, I discovered field days are about much more than identification. Each day is an opportunity to learn a little bit more. When the summer was over, I found myself in another field job, this time surveying forest in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. I’m now a third-year Ph. D．student in ecology. Fieldwork may be buggy, wet, and physically demanding, but working with others helps keep spirits high and the physical activity helps me stay sharp. And it constantly reminds me that any task can present an opportunity to learn — as long as I am open to it. 24．Why did the author join the fieldwork in Utah? A．To find out overall trends in data. B．To assess the sage grouse habitat. C．To improve his application letter. D．To realize his mother’s dream. 25．On the first day of the fieldwork in Utah, the author ______. A．argued with Sherel B．complained to his friend C．became a leader of his group D．discovered a Mahonia repens 26．What does the author think of fieldwork now? A．Easy but interesting. B．Boring but fruitful. C．Tiring but meaningful. D．Repetitive but demanding. 27．What can we learn from the passage? A．We should explore fun in daily tasks. B．We should be open to new experiences. C．We should respect the people around us. D．We should be determined about our goals. 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者是一名研究生态学的本科生，不愿意进行田野里实地研究，在母亲的劝说下，为进一步深造做准备，作者在毕业后申请了实地暑期职位，这段经历让作者明白任何任务都可以提供学习的机会。 24．细节理解题。由第一段中“When I was an undergraduate student studying ecology, I was used to discovering overall trends in large amounts of data. The thought of getting my hands dirty in the field never seemed interesting to me. (当我还是一名研究生态学的本科生时，我习惯于在大量数据中发现总体趋势。一想到要在田里弄脏自己的手，我就觉得没什么意思)”和“But I knew potential graduate schools would likely view my lack of field experience as a hole in my application letter. My mother also thought I should work for a few years to explore my interests before pursuing further education. (但我知道潜在的研究生院可能会认为我缺乏实地经验会是我申请信中的一个漏洞。我母亲也认为我应该工作几年，探索自己的兴趣，然后再继续深造)”可知，作者虽是一名研究生态学的本科生，但没有实地经验，这于他申请研究院是不利的，为了提升自己的申请信，作者才参加犹他州的实地研究。故选C项。 25．细节理解题。由第二段中“On the very first day of the fieldwork, I noticed a special plant on the field. “Wonderful! Looks like you’ve got a Mahonia repens,” Sherel shouted excitedly. (在实地考察的第一天，我注意到田野上有一种特殊的植物。“太棒了！看起来你得到了一株野Mahonia repens (小檗科)，”Sherel兴奋地喊道)”可知，在犹他州实地考察的第一天，作者发现了一株Mahonia repens (小檗科)。故选D项。 26．推理判断题。由最后一段中“Fieldwork may be buggy, wet, and physically demanding, but working with others helps keep spirits high and the physical activity helps me stay sharp. (实地研究可能很麻烦，很潮湿，对体力要求很高，但与他人一起工作有助于保持高昂的精神状态，体育活动有助于我保持敏捷)”可知，作者认为实地研究对体力要求很高但有好处，可得出它是累人但有意义的。选C项。 27．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“I discovered field days are about much more than identification. Each day is an opportunity to learn a little bit more. (我发现实地研究的日子不仅仅是识别。每一天都是学习更多知识的机会)”和最后一段中“And it constantly reminds me that any task can present an opportunity to learn — as long as I am open to it. (它不断提醒我，任何任务都可以提供学习的机会——只要我对此持开放态度)”可知，作者通过这段实地研究的日子明白了一个道理：我们应该对新的经验持开放态度，才能有更多的学习机会。故选B项。 C A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not so different. A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption. These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food. Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day. The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird. And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said. According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group it’s looking at — no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one. “Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own. 28．According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study? A．The guineafowl’s social behaviour. B．Previous assumptions about birds. C．His interest in animal brainpower. D．The faults in earlier research. 29．What can be learned from the passage? A．Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl. B．The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group. C．Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups. D．Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies. 30．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl. B．To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies. C．To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl. D．To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed. 【答案】28．A 29．D 30．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了鸟类学家Damien Farine团队在非洲东部的一项新的研究发现：小脑动物也有多层次的社会结构。 28．细节理解题。根据第四段“Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society.(由于怀疑珍珠鸡可能有社会结构，法林博士和他的同事们开始对它们的社会进行深入研究)”可知，根据这篇文章，珍珠鸡的社交行为激发了法林博士进行这项研究。故选A项。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.( 法林博士说：“拥有多级结构可能不需要有一个大的大脑。”可能会有更多的鸟类和其他动物，尽管它们的大脑很小，但它们的社会与我们的社会一样平等。)”可推知，即使大脑很小的物种，也可能拥有多层次的社会结构。故选D项。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies.(研究集体行为的鸟类学家达米安·法林(Damien Farine)领导的一项新研究表明，非洲东部的秃鹫珍珠鸡和人类一样，也有多层次的社会。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于珍珠鸡的研究的发现，故选A项。 D We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health. The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015. After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death. So, what does this mean for the average person? “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans, author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says. While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors. The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death. 31．What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Research process and findings B．The cause and findings C．Research subjects and purpose D．The topic and significance 32．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Reducing. B．Overeating. C．Skipping. D．Consuming. 33．What can we infer from the study? A．Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study. B．Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health. C．The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner. D．Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants. 34．What is the author’s attitude towards skipping breakfast? A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Skeptical. D．Disapproving. 【答案】31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比之前想象的更重要。 31．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.( 这项研究包括24011名40岁以上的成年人，他们在1999年至2014年期间参与了这项研究。研究人员观察了参与者的各种饮食行为，这些参与者每24小时自我报告一次他们的饮食习惯。通过截至2015年12月31日的死亡记录追踪死亡原因)”可知，本段讲述研究过程，和第四段内容“After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.(在对参与者进行了多年的研究后，研究人员发现，某些饮食行为实际上与更高的过早死亡率有关。每天只吃一顿饭与全因和心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，而不吃早餐与心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，不吃午餐或晚餐与全因死亡风险增加有关。最后，研究发现，进餐时间过近(间隔不到四个半小时)也与全因过早死亡有关)”可知，本段讲述研究发现，因此可知，三、四两段讲述研究过程和发现。故选A。 32．词义猜测题。根据前文“breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins(早餐通常是降低心血管疾病风险的营养物质的良好载体，比如纤维和维生素)”和下文“they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease(他们失去了身体所需的重要营养物质，长此以往会对健康有害，“导致”患某些癌症和心脏病的风险更高)”可推断，早餐提供纤维和维生素，降低患心血管疾病的风险，下文说到错过了身体所需的重要物质，会导致患癌症和心脏病的奉献增高，因此推断划线部分表示：如果不吃早餐，划线词与C项“不做（应做的事等）”意思相近。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据第五段的““At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans(“在一天结束的时候，重要的是一个人能够满足他们对最佳健康的营养需求，”Keri Gans解释说)”可推断，摄入足够的营养是保持整体健康的关键。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第一段的“We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.( 多年来，我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。但是，根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比我们之前想象的更重要，该研究调查了不吃饭和吃饭频率与死亡率和心脏健康的关系)”可知，作者认为早餐比我们想象中更重要，因此推断作者对于不吃早餐是反对的，故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 For many American high school seniors and their families, May 1 is “National College Decision Day,” when students make a decision about their academic future. 35 According to a recent survey, more than half of Americans don’t even think college is worth the cost. This is upsetting, as completing college is as important as ever. 36 Even in today’s competitive labor market, college graduates find work much easier and tend to command significantly higher incomes. The unemployment rate for those with a bachelor’s degree or greater is currently half that of those with a high school degree. This college income advantage is due to technological advances like the personal computer and the Internet, which have caused a huge demand for skilled workers. The rapid advances today in automation and artificial intelligence will further increase the need for a highly skilled workforce. 37 It is understandable why many students and families suspect that college is no longer “worth it.” College tuition has been rising for years, and many students fear being burdened with loans after graduation. But in fact, the net price of a four-year college, which is what students pay after financial aid, has been falling since 2018 and is now lower than it was in 2006. 38 In other words, the investment paid off. To make smart decisions about where to go and what to study, students and parents can make use of resources available today to make informed choices. 39 With these resources, students can gain a reasonable picture of what their future holds down each potential path. A．To acquire these advanced skills, college remains the surest path. B．However, recent years have seen a sharp drop in college registration. C．These attitudes are also reflected in the actions of the youngest generation. D．Higher education must make college pricing clear to would-be college-goers. E．Huge data shows a college degree actually gives graduates economic advantages. F．Furthermore, students in debt were more likely to finish their degrees and earn more later. G．For example, tools like College Scorecard offer graduation rates and future earnings across schools. 【答案】35．B 36．E 37．A 38．F 39．G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为完成大学学业和以往一样重要，大学学位可以给毕业生带来经济优势，而且很多学生和家长担心的债务问题实际上可以在学生毕业后得以解决，他们可以借助现有的资源明智地选择大学和专业。 35．前文“For many American high school seniors and their families, May 1 is “National College Decision Day,” when students make a decision about their academic future. (对许多美国高中毕业生和他们的家人来说，5月1日是“全国大学决定日”，学生们在这一天对自己的学业未来做出决定)”引出美国高中毕业生选择大学的话题，后文“According to a recent survey, more than half of Americans don’t even think college is worth the cost. (根据最近的一项调查，超过一半的美国人甚至认为上大学不值这个钱)”指出很多美国人不再选择上大学，因此B项“However, recent years have seen a sharp drop in college registration. (然而，近年来大学注册人数急剧下降)”符合语境，说明上大学人数减少的情况，和前文形成转折，后文是对选项内容的进一步说明。故选B。 36．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。根据后文“Even in today’s competitive labor market, college graduates find work much easier and tend to command significantly higher incomes. The unemployment rate for those with a bachelor’s degree or greater is currently half that of those with a high school degree. (即使在当今竞争激烈的劳动力市场上，大学毕业生也更容易找到工作，而且往往能获得高得多的收入。目前，拥有学士学位或更高学位的人的失业率是拥有高中学位的人的一半)”可知，本段主要介绍拥有大学学位在就业方面的优势，因此E项“Huge data shows a college degree actually gives graduates economic advantages. (大量数据显示，大学学位实际上给毕业生带来了经济优势)”符合语境，点明大学学位带来经济优势，契合段落内容。故选E。 37．前文“The rapid advances today in automation and artificial intelligence will further increase the need for a highly skilled workforce. (当今自动化和人工智能的快速发展将进一步增加对高技能劳动力的需求)”说明当前社会发展对高技能劳动力的需求，因此A项“To acquire these advanced skills, college remains the surest path. (要获得这些高级技能，大学仍然是最可靠的途径)”符合语境，指出大学可以帮助获得这些高级技能，承接前文。故选A。 38．前文“But in fact, the net price of a four-year college, which is what students pay after financial aid, has been falling since 2018 and is now lower than it was in 2006. (但事实上，四年制大学的净学费，即学生在获得经济援助后支付的费用，自2018年以来一直在下降，现在比2006年还低)”指出大学的净学费实际上有所下降，后文“In other words, the investment paid off. (换句话说，投资得到了回报)”对空处的内容进行了简要概括，说明大学投资有回报，因此F项“Furthermore, students in debt were more likely to finish their degrees and earn more later. (此外，有债务的学生更有可能完成学位并在以后赚得更多)”符合语境，指出债务可以激励大学生完成学位、获得更高收入，承接前文，契合后文的概括。故选F。 39．前文“To make smart decisions about where to go and what to study, students and parents can make use of resources available today to make informed choices. (为了做出明智的决定，去哪里和学什么，学生和家长可以利用现有的资源在知情的情况下做出选择)”建议学生和家长利用现有资源去选择，因此G项“For example, tools like College Scorecard offer graduation rates and future earnings across schools. (例如，像大学记分卡这样的工具可以提供各个学校的毕业率和未来收入)”符合语境，举出一个具体的可使用的资源，承接前文。故选G。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Nowadays, a lot of young people seem to spend much of their free time either watching television or playing computer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they don’t contribute much to developing their brains. Many believe that reading books, and especially fiction, is a much more effective way of achieving this. The most obvious benefit we get from reading a good story is a growing vocabulary. We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. Gradually, we become more confident with complex words. In addition, we improve in other areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly. It has also been established that reading fiction is a good way of developing a good self-image. Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves. Besides, they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material. Most importantly, however, reading fiction helps us to develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, learning expert Dr. Brian E. Walsh suggested that it can perform more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps to build connections in the brain. In this respect, the positive effects of reading may be much stronger than previously thought. Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things. This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction, which generally contains lots of unpredictable things. Reading fiction enables us to experience fresh scenarios(情节) and identify with the people we are reading about. When we mentally create the scenes, the look of the characters, the smells, and the sounds in the book, we are exercising our brain. The brain is challenged. This is a positive thing because it will continue to grow and develop if properly stimulated. The more it is used, the better it becomes. 40．How does reading help us improve vocabulary? 41．What are the problems for people who seldom read according to the passage? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. 43．Apart from what are mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) have you gained from reading fiction? 【答案】40．By understanding these words through context and making us more confident with complex words. 41．The problems for people who seldom read are having low opinions of themselves and influencing their performance in other subjects. 42．Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more unpredictable things in our daily life. 43．Reading can also relax the mood because reading novels can help us temporarily forget the pressure and bring a sense of pleasure. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是阅读的一些好处。 40．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. Gradually, we become more confident with complex words.(我们在阅读中遇到生词，并试着通过语境来理解这些单词。渐渐地，我们对复杂的单词更有信心了。)”可知，在阅读时遇到生词，可以通过语境来理解他们，并且逐渐他对复杂单词更有信心，所以通过语境理解单词来帮助我们对生词更有信心，进而提高我们的词汇量。故答案为By understanding these words through context and making us more confident with complex words. 41．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves. Besides, they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material.(不阅读或阅读能力差的人往往对自己的评价很低。此外，他们可能在其他科目上表现不佳，因为他们不能阅读和理解材料。)”可知，阅读少的人对自己评价很低，而且会在其他科目上表现不佳，由此可知，很少阅读的人对自己评价很低且影响其他科目上的表现。故答案为The problems for people who seldom read are having low opinions of themselves and influencing their performance in other subjects. 42．考查细节理解。根据尾段中的“Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things. This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction, which generally contains lots of unpredictable things.(最近的研究表明，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈。这也许可以解释为什么人们喜欢读小说，因为小说通常包含许多不可预测的事情。)”可知，研究发现，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈，由此可知，人们喜欢阅读的原因是小说中含有很多不可预测的事情，所以题干中的predictable错误，应为 unpredictable。故答案为Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more unpredictable things in our daily life. 43．开放性题目。除了文中介绍的阅读的好处外，阅读还可以放松心情因为阅读小说是一种良好的休闲活动,可以帮助我们暂时忘记压力和忙碌，带来愉悦感。故答案为Reading can also relax the mood because reading novels can help us temporarily forget the pressure and bring a sense of pleasure. 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“The meaning of learning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；   2. 预祝他比赛成功。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours. Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I am delighted to hear about your upcoming speech competition on “The meaning of learning.” In my opinion, learning is a lifelong journey that goes beyond the classroom. It’s not just about acquiring knowledge but also about developing critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and understanding the world around us. Learning enables us to pursue our passions and contribute positively to society. It shapes our perspectives and helps us grow as individuals. I wish you the best of luck in your competition, Jim. I’m sure your insights on this topic will be inspiring and enlightening for everyone. Looking forward to hearing how it goes! Best regards Li Hua 【导语】这是一篇演讲稿。作为红星中学高二学生李华，你需要就你的英国笔友Jim即将参加的“The meaning of learning”主题演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；2. 预祝他比赛成功。 【详解】1.词汇积累 听说：hear about→ learn about 高兴的：delighted→ glad 关于：about→ concerning 帮助：help→ assist 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I wish you the best of luck in your competition. 拓展句：May fortune favor you as you embark on your competitive journey. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am delighted to hear about your upcoming speech competition on “The meaning of learning”.（使用了动词不定式短语作原因状语） 【高分句型2】In my opinion, learning is a lifelong journey that goes beyond the classroom.（使用关系代词that为引导词的定语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二上学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语·参考答案 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 11．eagerly 12．listening 13．lit/lighted 14．teaching 15．produced 16．However/Nevertheless 17．whose 18．speaking 19．situations 20．marks/has marked 第二部分 阅读理解( 共两节, 38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．A 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 35．B 36．E 37．A 38．F 39．G 第三部分 书面表达(共两节， 32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 40．By understanding these words through context and making us more confident with complex words. 41．The problems for people who seldom read are having low opinions of themselves and influencing their performance in other subjects. 42．Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more unpredictable things in our daily life. 43．Reading can also relax the mood because reading novels can help us temporarily forget the pressure and bring a sense of pleasure. 第二节(20 分) 44．Dear Jim, I am delighted to hear about your upcoming speech competition on “The meaning of learning.” In my opinion, learning is a lifelong journey that goes beyond the classroom. It’s not just about acquiring knowledge but also about developing critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and understanding the world around us. Learning enables us to pursue our passions and contribute positively to society. It shapes our perspectives and helps us grow as individuals. I wish you the best of luck in your competition, Jim. I’m sure your insights on this topic will be inspiring and enlightening for everyone. Looking forward to hearing how it goes! Yours Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2024-2025学年高二上学期期末模拟卷(北京专用) 英语·答题卡 姓名: 准考证号 条 码 粘 贴 处 _ 准考证号 。-C(寸1。N 注意事项 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清 2. 请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的条码粘贴处的方相 内. 3. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔真涂;非选择题必须用0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写,字体工整. 4. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答,超出范围的 答案无效,在草纸,试卷上作答无效。 5. 保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱,不准 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 6. 填涂样例 正确 []错误[一]Iv][×] 第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分) 第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,共15分) 1.[A][B][C][D] 6[A][B][C][D] 2[A][B][C][D] 7[A][B][C][D] 3[A][B][C][D] 8[A][B][C][D] 4[A][B][C][D] 9[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,共15分) 13 12 14. 11 15 17. 18. 19. 16 20. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分) 21.[A][B][C][D] 26.[A][B][C][D] 31.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 22.[A][B][C][D] 27[A][B][C][D] 32[A][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 23.[A][B][C][D] 28[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 37[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 24.[A][B][C][D] 29[A][B][C][D] 34[A][B][C][D] 38[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D] 30[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][FI[G] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效! 第1页共2页 第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分 第一节(满分12分) 40 (2分) (2分) 。 (3分) 41 (5分) 第二节(满分20分) Dear Jim, Yours Li Hua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效! 第2页共2页………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2024-2025学年高二上学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3. 难度系数：0.65。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 A few weeks ago, I received a package containing seeds from my friend. When I asked her what they would 1 into, a smile crossed her face. “Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself 2 !” she said. I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot. In the first few days, I was very excited to search for the slightest signs, but 3 happened. With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad and 4 . How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life. I watered the plants in dry periods. On the eighth day, to my great 5 , a few light green sprouts (新芽) appeared. Bending down and studying the plants, I could almost hear them growing. More days passed, and the flowerpot soon became 6 with coriander (香菜) plants. Now they are taller than the edge of the pot, constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind, as if they were merrily singing a song of 7 . I am certain that after a few more days, my plants will be ready for 8 . These plants have played an important part in 9 up my everyday life. They may not be a main dish on our table, but using some will surely make our dishes delicious. Let us all slow our pace down and be patient. So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience will 10 us with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world. 1．A．grow B．run C．look D．break 2．A．immediately B．finally C．quickly D．regularly 3．A．anything B．everything C．something D．nothing 4．A．shocked B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．scared 5．A．surprise B．pity C．shame D．anxiety 6．A．packed B．lined C．crowded D．piled 7．A．courage B．freedom C．interest D．relief 8．A．harvest B．loss C．sights D．rest 9．A．picking B．ending C．brightening D．taking 10．A．impress B．assist C．surround D．reward 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A What made my childhood truly special was our next-door neighbor, Mrs. Greene, who was a retired schoolteacher then. Every weekend, I would 11 (eager) visit her. Sitting in her living room filled with books from floor to ceiling, and 12 (listen) to her tales were the best part of my week. The stories were her adventures during her younger days. I still remember the way her eyes 13 (light) up with every memory, the passion in her voice, and the life lessons. It was evident that her 14 (teach) days might have ended, but her wisdom hadn’t. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Buster Keaton, often overshadowed (使黯然失色) by the fame of Charlie Chaplin, was a comedic talent in his own right. Born in 1895, he entered show business at a young age and quickly became known for his unique brand of physical comedy. Films 15 (produce) by him are considered timeless classics. 16 , what distinguishes (区别) him from other comedians is his ability of humor, a talent 17 depth is immeasurable. He was not just a performer; he was an artist whose works continue to influence modern comedy. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the ever-evolving (不断进化的) landscape of modern education, the value of critical thinking skills cannot be overstated (过分强调). Generally 18 (speak), students today are expected to not only memorize facts but also think critically and apply their analyses in real-world 19 (situation). Schools now have made it mandatory (强制性的) to put problem-solving exercises in their courses. Many students, having been studying in these newer systems, have made significant improvements in their analytical abilities. This transition, given the strong emphasis on learning in the past, 20 (mark) a super change in educational methods. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Regeneron Science Talent Search (Regeneron STS) is the oldest and most important science research competition for high school students all over the nation. Started in 1942, Regeneron STS recognizes and empowers most promising young scientists. Each year, nearly 2,000 students enter Regeneron STS. The competition awards 300 student scholars and their schools annually and invites 40 student finalists to Washington, D．C． to participate in final judging. Regeneron STS provides an important platform for their original research which is examined and reviewed by professional scientists. What are the requirements? ●Applicants must be over 13 years of age and have legal parental permission to submit (提交) the application and participate, or be 18 years of age or older; ●Applicants must complete individual research projects to enter Regeneron STS. Research conducted as part of a pre-collegiate student team project is not qualified for Regeneron STS; ●Applicants must submit application package through our online system, and must not have entered any previous Regeneron STS. What are the core components of an application? ●Essays, short answer responses, activities and basic information; ●Scientific Research Report (maximum 20-page research paper about one of the applicant’s original research projects); ●Recommendations submitted by adults; ●Test Scores (optional). What could the applicants win? ●PARTICIPATION AWARDS: All competitors will receive a T-shirt, laptop stickers, and a free one-year subscription to Science News magazine. ●SCHOLAR AWARDS: Each of the 300 scholars will receive a $2,000award. ●SCHOOL AWARDS: The schools of each scholar will receive $2,000 per scholar. The award is intended to contribute to excellence in science, math and/or engineering education at the school. ●FINALIST AWARDS: Judges select 40 finalists from among the scholars. In addition to an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D．C．, finalists receive a minimum award of $25,000. 21．From Paragraph 1, we know that Regeneron STS ________. A．was started before the 1940s B．recognizes 40 scholars every year C．is a platform for professional scientists D．is a nationwide science research competition 22．According to the passage, applicants are required to ________. A．be over 18 years old B．submit applications online C．have entered Regeneron STS before D．have completed the research for a team project 23．Who will win a minimum award of $25,000? A．Each finalist. B．Each participant. C．Each scholar. D．Each of the scholars’ school. B When I was an undergraduate student studying ecology, I was used to discovering overall trends in large amounts of data. The thought of getting my hands dirty in the field never seemed interesting to me. I saw it as a boring and repetitive task. But I knew potential graduate schools would likely view my lack of field experience as a hole in my application letter. My mother also thought I should work for a few years to explore my interests before pursuing further education. So  I decided to apply for field-based summer positions after graduation. After landing a job assessing the sage grouse habitat in Utah, I found myself in the company of Sherel, a 75-year-old botanist and the leader of our field crew. On the very first day of the fieldwork, I noticed a special plant on the field. “Wonderful! Looks like you’ve got a Mahonia repens,” Sherel shouted excitedly. I gently touched the plant with yellow flowers by my feet, “This one here? How can you tell it’s a Mahonia?” He paused briefly to admire the plant and then began his energetic description of the plant’s typical features. That evening, while we were watching the sunset together, I texted my childhood friend. “Day I was actually kind of fun,” I started, “but we’ll see how long it takes before I get bored from just identifying plants in the field all day.” But as the weeks of fieldwork rolled by, the boredom I had expected never arrived. I came home from the field each night with sore legs and a sunburned neck, excited by the day’s finds. By picking Sherel’s brain about different species of animals and plants, I discovered field days are about much more than identification. Each day is an opportunity to learn a little bit more. When the summer was over, I found myself in another field job, this time surveying forest in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. I’m now a third-year Ph. D．student in ecology. Fieldwork may be buggy, wet, and physically demanding, but working with others helps keep spirits high and the physical activity helps me stay sharp. And it constantly reminds me that any task can present an opportunity to learn — as long as I am open to it. 24．Why did the author join the fieldwork in Utah? A．To find out overall trends in data. B．To assess the sage grouse habitat. C．To improve his application letter. D．To realize his mother’s dream. 25．On the first day of the fieldwork in Utah, the author ______. A．argued with Sherel B．complained to his friend C．became a leader of his group D．discovered a Mahonia repens 26．What does the author think of fieldwork now? A．Easy but interesting. B．Boring but fruitful. C．Tiring but meaningful. D．Repetitive but demanding. 27．What can we learn from the passage? A．We should explore fun in daily tasks. B．We should be open to new experiences. C．We should respect the people around us. D．We should be determined about our goals. C A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not so different. A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption. These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food. Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day. The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird. And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said. According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group it’s looking at — no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one. “Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own. 28．According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study? A．The guineafowl’s social behaviour. B．Previous assumptions about birds. C．His interest in animal brainpower. D．The faults in earlier research. 29．What can be learned from the passage? A．Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl. B．The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group. C．Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups. D．Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies. 30．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl. B．To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies. C．To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl. D．To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed. D We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health. The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015. After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death. So, what does this mean for the average person? “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans, author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says. While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors. The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death. 31．What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Research process and findings B．The cause and findings C．Research subjects and purpose D．The topic and significance 32．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Reducing. B．Overeating. C．Skipping. D．Consuming. 33．What can we infer from the study? A．Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study. B．Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health. C．The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner. D．Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants. 34．What is the author’s attitude towards skipping breakfast? A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Skeptical. D．Disapproving. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 For many American high school seniors and their families, May 1 is “National College Decision Day,” when students make a decision about their academic future. 35 According to a recent survey, more than half of Americans don’t even think college is worth the cost. This is upsetting, as completing college is as important as ever. 36 Even in today’s competitive labor market, college graduates find work much easier and tend to command significantly higher incomes. The unemployment rate for those with a bachelor’s degree or greater is currently half that of those with a high school degree. This college income advantage is due to technological advances like the personal computer and the Internet, which have caused a huge demand for skilled workers. The rapid advances today in automation and artificial intelligence will further increase the need for a highly skilled workforce. 37 It is understandable why many students and families suspect that college is no longer “worth it.” College tuition has been rising for years, and many students fear being burdened with loans after graduation. But in fact, the net price of a four-year college, which is what students pay after financial aid, has been falling since 2018 and is now lower than it was in 2006. 38 In other words, the investment paid off. To make smart decisions about where to go and what to study, students and parents can make use of resources available today to make informed choices. 39 With these resources, students can gain a reasonable picture of what their future holds down each potential path. A．To acquire these advanced skills, college remains the surest path. B．However, recent years have seen a sharp drop in college registration. C．These attitudes are also reflected in the actions of the youngest generation. D．Higher education must make college pricing clear to would-be college-goers. E．Huge data shows a college degree actually gives graduates economic advantages. F．Furthermore, students in debt were more likely to finish their degrees and earn more later. G．For example, tools like College Scorecard offer graduation rates and future earnings across schools. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Nowadays, a lot of young people seem to spend much of their free time either watching television or playing computer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they don’t contribute much to developing their brains. Many believe that reading books, and especially fiction, is a much more effective way of achieving this. The most obvious benefit we get from reading a good story is a growing vocabulary. We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. Gradually, we become more confident with complex words. In addition, we improve in other areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly. It has also been established that reading fiction is a good way of developing a good self-image. Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves. Besides, they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material. Most importantly, however, reading fiction helps us to develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, learning expert Dr. Brian E. Walsh suggested that it can perform more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps to build connections in the brain. In this respect, the positive effects of reading may be much stronger than previously thought. Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things. This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction, which generally contains lots of unpredictable things. Reading fiction enables us to experience fresh scenarios(情节) and identify with the people we are reading about. When we mentally create the scenes, the look of the characters, the smells, and the sounds in the book, we are exercising our brain. The brain is challenged. This is a positive thing because it will continue to grow and develop if properly stimulated. The more it is used, the better it becomes. 40．How does reading help us improve vocabulary? 41．What are the problems for people who seldom read according to the passage? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. 43．Apart from what are mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) have you gained from reading fiction? 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“The meaning of learning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；   2. 预祝他比赛成功。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours. Li Hua 试题 第7页（共10页） 试题 第8页（共10页） 试题 第9页（共10页） 试题 第10页（共10页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二上学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3. 难度系数：0.65。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 A few weeks ago, I received a package containing seeds from my friend. When I asked her what they would 1 into, a smile crossed her face. “Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself 2 !” she said. I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot. In the first few days, I was very excited to search for the slightest signs, but 3 happened. With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad and 4 . How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life. I watered the plants in dry periods. On the eighth day, to my great 5 , a few light green sprouts (新芽) appeared. Bending down and studying the plants, I could almost hear them growing. More days passed, and the flowerpot soon became 6 with coriander (香菜) plants. Now they are taller than the edge of the pot, constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind, as if they were merrily singing a song of 7 . I am certain that after a few more days, my plants will be ready for 8 . These plants have played an important part in 9 up my everyday life. They may not be a main dish on our table, but using some will surely make our dishes delicious. Let us all slow our pace down and be patient. So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience will 10 us with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world. 1．A．grow B．run C．look D．break 2．A．immediately B．finally C．quickly D．regularly 3．A．anything B．everything C．something D．nothing 4．A．shocked B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．scared 5．A．surprise B．pity C．shame D．anxiety 6．A．packed B．lined C．crowded D．piled 7．A．courage B．freedom C．interest D．relief 8．A．harvest B．loss C．sights D．rest 9．A．picking B．ending C．brightening D．taking 10．A．impress B．assist C．surround D．reward 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A What made my childhood truly special was our next-door neighbor, Mrs. Greene, who was a retired schoolteacher then. Every weekend, I would 11 (eager) visit her. Sitting in her living room filled with books from floor to ceiling, and 12 (listen) to her tales were the best part of my week. The stories were her adventures during her younger days. I still remember the way her eyes 13 (light) up with every memory, the passion in her voice, and the life lessons. It was evident that her 14 (teach) days might have ended, but her wisdom hadn’t. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Buster Keaton, often overshadowed (使黯然失色) by the fame of Charlie Chaplin, was a comedic talent in his own right. Born in 1895, he entered show business at a young age and quickly became known for his unique brand of physical comedy. Films 15 (produce) by him are considered timeless classics. 16 , what distinguishes (区别) him from other comedians is his ability of humor, a talent 17 depth is immeasurable. He was not just a performer; he was an artist whose works continue to influence modern comedy. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the ever-evolving (不断进化的) landscape of modern education, the value of critical thinking skills cannot be overstated (过分强调). Generally 18 (speak), students today are expected to not only memorize facts but also think critically and apply their analyses in real-world 19 (situation). Schools now have made it mandatory (强制性的) to put problem-solving exercises in their courses. Many students, having been studying in these newer systems, have made significant improvements in their analytical abilities. This transition, given the strong emphasis on learning in the past, 20 (mark) a super change in educational methods. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Regeneron Science Talent Search (Regeneron STS) is the oldest and most important science research competition for high school students all over the nation. Started in 1942, Regeneron STS recognizes and empowers most promising young scientists. Each year, nearly 2,000 students enter Regeneron STS. The competition awards 300 student scholars and their schools annually and invites 40 student finalists to Washington, D．C． to participate in final judging. Regeneron STS provides an important platform for their original research which is examined and reviewed by professional scientists. What are the requirements? ●Applicants must be over 13 years of age and have legal parental permission to submit (提交) the application and participate, or be 18 years of age or older; ●Applicants must complete individual research projects to enter Regeneron STS. Research conducted as part of a pre-collegiate student team project is not qualified for Regeneron STS; ●Applicants must submit application package through our online system, and must not have entered any previous Regeneron STS. What are the core components of an application? ●Essays, short answer responses, activities and basic information; ●Scientific Research Report (maximum 20-page research paper about one of the applicant’s original research projects); ●Recommendations submitted by adults; ●Test Scores (optional). What could the applicants win? ●PARTICIPATION AWARDS: All competitors will receive a T-shirt, laptop stickers, and a free one-year subscription to Science News magazine. ●SCHOLAR AWARDS: Each of the 300 scholars will receive a $2,000award. ●SCHOOL AWARDS: The schools of each scholar will receive $2,000 per scholar. The award is intended to contribute to excellence in science, math and/or engineering education at the school. ●FINALIST AWARDS: Judges select 40 finalists from among the scholars. In addition to an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D．C．, finalists receive a minimum award of $25,000. 21．From Paragraph 1, we know that Regeneron STS ________. A．was started before the 1940s B．recognizes 40 scholars every year C．is a platform for professional scientists D．is a nationwide science research competition 22．According to the passage, applicants are required to ________. A．be over 18 years old B．submit applications online C．have entered Regeneron STS before D．have completed the research for a team project 23．Who will win a minimum award of $25,000? A．Each finalist. B．Each participant. C．Each scholar. D．Each of the scholars’ school. B When I was an undergraduate student studying ecology, I was used to discovering overall trends in large amounts of data. The thought of getting my hands dirty in the field never seemed interesting to me. I saw it as a boring and repetitive task. But I knew potential graduate schools would likely view my lack of field experience as a hole in my application letter. My mother also thought I should work for a few years to explore my interests before pursuing further education. So  I decided to apply for field-based summer positions after graduation. After landing a job assessing the sage grouse habitat in Utah, I found myself in the company of Sherel, a 75-year-old botanist and the leader of our field crew. On the very first day of the fieldwork, I noticed a special plant on the field. “Wonderful! Looks like you’ve got a Mahonia repens,” Sherel shouted excitedly. I gently touched the plant with yellow flowers by my feet, “This one here? How can you tell it’s a Mahonia?” He paused briefly to admire the plant and then began his energetic description of the plant’s typical features. That evening, while we were watching the sunset together, I texted my childhood friend. “Day I was actually kind of fun,” I started, “but we’ll see how long it takes before I get bored from just identifying plants in the field all day.” But as the weeks of fieldwork rolled by, the boredom I had expected never arrived. I came home from the field each night with sore legs and a sunburned neck, excited by the day’s finds. By picking Sherel’s brain about different species of animals and plants, I discovered field days are about much more than identification. Each day is an opportunity to learn a little bit more. When the summer was over, I found myself in another field job, this time surveying forest in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. I’m now a third-year Ph. D．student in ecology. Fieldwork may be buggy, wet, and physically demanding, but working with others helps keep spirits high and the physical activity helps me stay sharp. And it constantly reminds me that any task can present an opportunity to learn — as long as I am open to it. 24．Why did the author join the fieldwork in Utah? A．To find out overall trends in data. B．To assess the sage grouse habitat. C．To improve his application letter. D．To realize his mother’s dream. 25．On the first day of the fieldwork in Utah, the author ______. A．argued with Sherel B．complained to his friend C．became a leader of his group D．discovered a Mahonia repens 26．What does the author think of fieldwork now? A．Easy but interesting. B．Boring but fruitful. C．Tiring but meaningful. D．Repetitive but demanding. 27．What can we learn from the passage? A．We should explore fun in daily tasks. B．We should be open to new experiences. C．We should respect the people around us. D．We should be determined about our goals. C A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not so different. A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption. These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food. Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day. The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird. And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said. According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group it’s looking at — no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one. “Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own. 28．According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study? A．The guineafowl’s social behaviour. B．Previous assumptions about birds. C．His interest in animal brainpower. D．The faults in earlier research. 29．What can be learned from the passage? A．Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl. B．The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group. C．Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups. D．Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies. 30．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl. B．To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies. C．To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl. D．To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed. D We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health. The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015. After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death. So, what does this mean for the average person? “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans, author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says. While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors. The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death. 31．What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Research process and findings B．The cause and findings C．Research subjects and purpose D．The topic and significance 32．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Reducing. B．Overeating. C．Skipping. D．Consuming. 33．What can we infer from the study? A．Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study. B．Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health. C．The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner. D．Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants. 34．What is the author’s attitude towards skipping breakfast? A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Skeptical. D．Disapproving. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 For many American high school seniors and their families, May 1 is “National College Decision Day,” when students make a decision about their academic future. 35 According to a recent survey, more than half of Americans don’t even think college is worth the cost. This is upsetting, as completing college is as important as ever. 36 Even in today’s competitive labor market, college graduates find work much easier and tend to command significantly higher incomes. The unemployment rate for those with a bachelor’s degree or greater is currently half that of those with a high school degree. This college income advantage is due to technological advances like the personal computer and the Internet, which have caused a huge demand for skilled workers. The rapid advances today in automation and artificial intelligence will further increase the need for a highly skilled workforce. 37 It is understandable why many students and families suspect that college is no longer “worth it.” College tuition has been rising for years, and many students fear being burdened with loans after graduation. But in fact, the net price of a four-year college, which is what students pay after financial aid, has been falling since 2018 and is now lower than it was in 2006. 38 In other words, the investment paid off. To make smart decisions about where to go and what to study, students and parents can make use of resources available today to make informed choices. 39 With these resources, students can gain a reasonable picture of what their future holds down each potential path. A．To acquire these advanced skills, college remains the surest path. B．However, recent years have seen a sharp drop in college registration. C．These attitudes are also reflected in the actions of the youngest generation. D．Higher education must make college pricing clear to would-be college-goers. E．Huge data shows a college degree actually gives graduates economic advantages. F．Furthermore, students in debt were more likely to finish their degrees and earn more later. G．For example, tools like College Scorecard offer graduation rates and future earnings across schools. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Nowadays, a lot of young people seem to spend much of their free time either watching television or playing computer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they don’t contribute much to developing their brains. Many believe that reading books, and especially fiction, is a much more effective way of achieving this. The most obvious benefit we get from reading a good story is a growing vocabulary. We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. Gradually, we become more confident with complex words. In addition, we improve in other areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly. It has also been established that reading fiction is a good way of developing a good self-image. Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves. Besides, they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material. Most importantly, however, reading fiction helps us to develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, learning expert Dr. Brian E. Walsh suggested that it can perform more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps to build connections in the brain. In this respect, the positive effects of reading may be much stronger than previously thought. Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things. This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction, which generally contains lots of unpredictable things. Reading fiction enables us to experience fresh scenarios(情节) and identify with the people we are reading about. When we mentally create the scenes, the look of the characters, the smells, and the sounds in the book, we are exercising our brain. The brain is challenged. This is a positive thing because it will continue to grow and develop if properly stimulated. The more it is used, the better it becomes. 40．How does reading help us improve vocabulary? 41．What are the problems for people who seldom read according to the passage? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. 43．Apart from what are mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) have you gained from reading fiction? 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“The meaning of learning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；   2. 预祝他比赛成功。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours. Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$