UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P36] 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 观察下面句子，说出画线部分的时态。 1．By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. 2．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated. 3．He told me that a new station was being built． 4．By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2，700 had been injured． 5．By the time I got to the train station，the train had already left． 6．Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then. 7．It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue. 8．My car was being cleaned by my son at ten yesterday morning. [自我归纳] (1)句2、3、6和句8用了过去进行的被动语态，表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的被动动作，谓语动词的构成为：was/were＋being done。 (2)句1、4、5和句7采用了过去完成时的被动语态，其构成形式为：主语＋had been done。 一、过去进行时的被动语态 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。就是指被动状态下的过去正在进行、发生的事情。 1．构成 肯定句：主语＋be(was/were)＋being done＋其他． 否定句：主语＋be(was/were)＋not＋being done＋其他． 一般疑问句：Be(was/were)＋主语＋being done＋其他？ 特殊疑问句：Wh­＋be(was/were)＋主语＋being done＋其他？ Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被(老师)讲。 Snow White wasn't being told when I got there Was Snow White being told when you got there? Why was Snow White being told (by the teacher)? 2．用法 (1)表示过去进行的被动动作，经常和时间副词when, at this time last week, at this moment yesterday等连用。 This issue was being discussed at this moment yesterday by the company's managers. 这个议题昨天的这个时候正在被公司的经理们讨论。 (2)表示过去某个阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行) It is said that his car was being repaired last Friday in the garage. 据说他的车上个周五正在修理厂(被)修理。 (3)进行时的被动语态可以由“was/were＋under/on等介词＋名词”结构代替 Many new inventions were on exhibition in the museum at this time last year. ＝Many new inventions were being exhibited in the museum at this time last year. 许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆(被)展出。 He didn't stay in my room last night because it was under repair. ＝He didn't stay in my room last night because it was being repaired. 昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，因为我的房间正在修缮。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，且主语与谓语动词存在被动关系。 1．构成 (1)肯定结构：主语＋had been done ... (2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done ... (3)疑问句结构： 2．用法 (1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought, found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 He heard that the tickets had already been sold out. 他听说票已售完。 The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the hurricane. 报纸报道说有一百多人在飓风中丧生。 (2)before, when, by the time, until, after, once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by, before后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the time she was 13, my sister had been sent to America. 我姐姐13岁前就已经被送到美国了。 200 cars had been produced by the end of last year. 到去年年底，已经生产了200辆汽车。 (3)“It was the first/second...time that...”句中that引导定语从句，当从句中的主语与谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the first time that the meeting had been held in Zhengzhou. 这是该会议第一次在郑州召开。 (4)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone there. 如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去那儿了。 Usage要点拾遗 [对应学生用书P38] despite prep.尽管；虽然 [教材P20]　Despite my lack of running experience, I agreed. 尽管我缺乏跑步经验，我还是同意了。 (1)despite虽然，尽管，任凭 despite that＋句子，其中that引导宾语从句。 despite the fact that＋句子，表示的意思是：尽管事实是…… (2)in spite of尽管…… (1)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides. 虽然经过了先前几轮的谈判，但是到目前为止，双方没有达成共识。 (2)Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 尽管年事已高，她还在学习开车。 (3)We arrived at the station on time in spite of the storm. 虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达火车站。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①Despite all our efforts, we still lost the game. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。 ②Despite what others say, I think this film is very good. 不管别人怎么说，我认为这部电影很好看。 ③The boys went for a walk despite the rain. 尽管下雨，孩子们还是去散步了。 ④Despite his boasts that his children were brilliant, neither of them went to college. 尽管他夸赞他的两个孩子聪明，他们却都没上大学。 1．In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn't been invented (not invent) yet. 2．The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed (kill) in the earthquake. 3．The meeting was being held (hold) at 4 o'clock yesterday. 4．By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed (complete) in Beijing. 5．Experiments of this kind had been conducted (conduct) in both the U．S. and Europe long before the Second World War. 6．John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it had been damaged (damage) seriously. 7．This road was being built (build) this time last year. 1．The feast was being prepared when it began to snow outside. 宴会正在准备之中，这时外边下起了雪。 2．She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁了。 3．He said many activities were being planned for the celebration of the company's 60th anniversary. 他说为庆祝公司成立60周年，许多活动都在筹划中。 4．The man was being questioned by the police at that time. 那个人当时正在接受警察的盘问。 5．Yesterday our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 昨天老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快得多。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$