UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit and Reading—Language Points（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit and Reading—Language Points [对应学生用书P29] 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①solidarity n.团结，齐心协力 ②participate vi.参加，参与 ③compete vi.参加比赛；竞争 ④racial adj.种族的；种族间的 ⑤diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的 ⑥joint adj.联合的，共同的 n．关节；接合处 ⑦motivate vt.激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因 ⑧motto n．(pl.mottoes, mottos)格言，座右铭 ⑨boundary n．边界，分界线 demonstrate vt.表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi.游行示威 ⑪afterwards adv.以后，后来 ⑫proceed vi.接着做，继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 ⑬flame n．火焰，火舌 ⑭applaud vt.& vi.称赞，赞许；鼓掌 ⑮track and field田径运动 ⑯consistent adj.一致的，始终如一的；连续的 ⑰humanity n．(统称)人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 ⑱rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n．地位，级别；排，列；等级；军衔 ⑲trend n．趋势，趋向 ⑳hurdle n．跨栏赛；栏架；障碍 election n．选举，推选；当选 advent n. (重要事件、人物等的)到来，出现 faith n．信心；宗教信仰 ambition n．追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志 ascend vi.& vt.上升，升高，登高 The Olympic Games Every four years, thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship, solidarity① and fair play, ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best. This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting event that was first celebrated about 3，000 years ago. 句中that was first celebrated about 3，000 years ago是定语从句，先行词为an extraordinary sporting event；其中was first celebrated为被动结构。 [Subheading 1]History of the Olympic Games The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE. During the early Games, only Greek men were allowed to participate②. They competed③ in such events as boxing, running and the long jump. The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries, until they eventually died out around the year 393. More than 1，500 years later, however, the Games rose again. The modern Olympics were first held in 1896, in Athens. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial④ origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace. For over a century, people from diverse⑤ backgrounds have made joint⑥ efforts to help realize Coubertin's dream. 句是一个强调句，bring back to life意为“使……复活，使……焕发生机”。 句中that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace是表语从句。 [Subheading 2]Two eye­catching Olympians：Mu hammad Ali and Jessica Ennis­Hill Motivated⑦ by the original Olympic motto⑧ “Faster, Higher, Stronger”， many well­known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries⑨ of human achievement.One such Olympian was the boxer Cassius Clay. He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process. Afterwards ， this young man proceeded⑫ to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964, and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali. He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame⑬ at the opening ceremony. By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. Another sportsperson that should be applauded⑭ is Jessica Ennis­Hill. Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion can lead to sporting excellence. A former track and field⑮ athlete from the UK, she won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.As if that were not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child. In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent⑯ good performance was the training that she never missed. 句中that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training是宾语从句；that she never missed是定语从句，先行词为the training。 [Subheading 3]Historic moments and great achievements of China in the Olympic Games The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity⑰ with the slogan “One World, One Dream”. In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked⑱ first in the medal table. This success is truly remarkable if you consider that just 24 years before, at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, Xu Haifeng won our country's first­ever gold medal. Since then the upward trend⑲ for Chinese sport has been unstoppable. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men's 110­metre hurdles⑳， while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, the Chinese women's volleyball team won a hard­fought victory in the final. Another historic moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015. 句中if 引导条件状语从句；that just 24 years before，at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics，Xu Haifeng won our country's first­ever gold medal是宾语从句。 The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world. As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.” 奥林匹克运动会 每四年，成千上万名训练有素、天赋过人的运动员，本着友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神聚集在一起准备互相较量，希望能成为举世公认的顶尖选手。这就是奥运会——一场可以追溯到约3 000年前的非凡的体育赛事。 [副标题1]奥林匹克运动会的历史 古代奥林匹克运动会始于公元前776年。早期的奥运会只允许希腊男性参赛。他们的竞赛项目包括拳击、赛跑和跳远。古代奥林匹克运动会每四年在希腊的奥林匹亚举办，持续了近12个世纪，直到公元393年前后才最终停办。 然而1 500多年后，奥运会圣火重燃。1896年，第一届现代奥运会在雅典举办。一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重获生机。他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。一个多世纪以来，来自不同背景的人们共同努力，帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。 [副标题2]两位引人注目的奥林匹克运动会选手：穆罕默德·阿里和杰西卡·恩尼斯—希尔 在最初的奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，许多知名的男女运动员力争取得卓越的体育成绩并不断突破人类成就的极限。拳击手卡修斯·克莱就是这样一名奥运会选手。他在1960年罗马奥运会上引起了公众的关注。当时，他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌，并在比赛过程中展现了极高的天赋和优秀的品格。后来，这位年轻人又在1964年成为了世界重量级拳击冠军，之后将名字改成了我们耳熟能详的穆罕默德· 阿里。1996年，他重返亚特兰大奥林匹克运动会，在开幕式上点燃了奥运火炬。在2016年去世前，阿里已被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯—希尔。她的故事为我们出色地示范了如何通过勤奋和专注取得优异的体育成绩。作为一名前英国田径运动员，2012年，她在自己的祖国赢得了一块奥运金牌。但是她仿佛认为那还不够，2016年，在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后，她又重返奥运赛场并斩获一块银牌。她在采访中透露，自己维持良好表现的秘诀在于从来不缺席训练。 [副标题3]中国在奥运会上的历史性时刻和伟大的成就 2008年北京奥运会以“同一个世界，同一个梦想”为口号，号召全世界共享奥运精神，为人类共建美好未来。中国不仅是第一次举办奥运会，更是在奖牌榜上位列第一。这份成功着实令人瞩目，考虑到仅仅24年前，许海峰才在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上为我们国家摘得了史上第一块金牌。从那时起，中国体育的上升势头就不可阻挡了。2004年雅典奥林匹克运动会上，刘翔成为亚洲赢得男子110米跨栏金牌的第一人，而在2016年里约热内卢奥林匹克运动会上，中国女子排球队在决赛中艰苦作战取得了胜利。中国的另一历史性时刻是北京在2015年赢得选举后成功举办了2022年冬季奥运会。 奥林匹克运动会给全世界人民带来了喜悦和激动。正如顾拜旦所信奉的：“有了奥林匹克运动会，每一代人都能庆祝它的到来、它生活的喜悦、它对未来的信念、它的雄心，以及它进取的决心。” 1．solidarity n．团结，齐心协力 2．racial adj.种族的；种族间的 3．joint adj.联合的，共同的 n．关节；接合处 4．motto n．(pl. mottoes, mottos)格言，座右铭 5．boundary n．边界，分界线 6．afterwards adv.以后，后来 7．proceed vi.接着做，继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 8．flame n．火焰，火舌 9．applaud vt.& vi.称赞，赞许；鼓掌 10．rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行n.地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 11．trend n．趋势，趋向 12．hurdle n．跨栏赛；栏架；障碍 13．advent n. (重要事件、人物等的)到来，出现 14．ambition n．追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志 15．ascend vi.& vt.上升，升高，登高 16．identical adj.完全同样的 17．fellow adj.同类的，同情况的，同伴的n.同辈，同类；男人，家伙 18．relay n．接力赛vt.转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播 19. participate vi.参加，参与 participation n．参加，参与 20．compete vi.参加比赛；竞争 competition n．竞争；比赛 competitor n．竞争者；对手 competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 21．diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的 diversity n．多样性；差异 diversify vt.使多样化；使变化；使不同vi.多样化 22．motivate vt.激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因 motivation n．动机；动力；积极性 23．demonstrate vt.表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示vi.游行示威 demonstration n．示范；表露；证实；示威游行 24．consistent adj.一致的，始终如一的；连续的 consistently adv.一致地，始终如一地 25．humanity n．(统称)人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 human adj.人的；人类的；有人性的；人本性的n.人；人类 26．election n．选举，推选；当选 elect v．选举；选择 elector n．有选举权的人；选举人 27．faith n．信心；宗教信仰 faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的 1．in the spirit of根据……精神；本着……的精神 2．be recognized as被认为是 3．every four years每四年；每隔三年 4．die out消失；灭绝 5．bring ...back to life使……苏醒，使……复活，使……生动活泼 6．side by side肩并肩地；一起 7．track and field田径运动 8．give birth to生育，生，分娩 9．call on sb. to do sth.正式邀请某人做某事，请求某人做某事 10．in addition to除……之外(还) 1．It was...who...强调句 It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. 一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重获生机。 2．表语从句 His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace. 他的梦想是借助奥运会让来自不同种族和不同文化的人们和平共处。 1．be recognized as被认为是 [教材P16]　Every four years, thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play, ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best. 每四年，成千上万名训练有素、天赋过人的运动员，本着友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神聚集在一起准备互相较量，希望能成为举世公认的顶尖选手。 (1)recognize vt.辨认出； 承认； 公认 recognize sb.'s/one's voice认出某人/听出某人的声音 be recognized to be/as...被认作……/被认为是…… It is recognized that...人们公认…… (2)recognition n．认出； 认识 beyond recognition认不出来 (1)(2021·浙江6月卷)At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. 到目前为止，我们还不清楚为什么狗似乎具有识别人类不同面部表情的能力。 (2)Laurence's novels were rejected at first, but they later came to be recognized as works of genius. 起初劳伦斯的小说遭拒绝，但它们后来逐渐被公认为天才之作。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①As is known to us, she is recognized as a famous scientist in medical field. ②Professor Smith is recognized to be (be) one of the great scholars in English philology. 完成句子 ③Cellphones，which are now universally recognized as a must，have a great effect on us. 手机，现在广泛地被认为是必须品，对我们有很大的影响。 ④His thorough knowledge and competence were recognized. 他的渊博的学识和工作能力得到了承认。 2．participate vi.参加，参与 [教材P16]　During the early Games, only Greek men were allowed to participate． 早期的奥运会只允许希腊男性参赛。 (1)participate with sb. in sth.与某人分担……；同某人一起参与某事 participate in sth./doing sth.参加…… (2)participant n．参加者； 共享者 participation n．参与； 分担； 共享 (1)Any student who is interested in this activity is welcome to participate. 欢迎任何对这次活动感兴趣的学生参加。 (2)I am going to participate in the English speech contest for senior high school students to be held in July this year. 今年我要参加7月份举行的高中生英语演讲比赛。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①(2021·全国乙卷改编)The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants (participate) as they completed tests of creative thinking. ②All the students are expected to participate in the event actively, which can not only inspire their imagination but also offer them a stage to show themselves. 完成句子 ③My sister was dying for volunteering，so she went to a remote village to participate in a voluntary activity． 我的姐姐非常渴望志愿者活动，因此她去了遥远的山村参加志愿者活动。 ④Over half the population of this country participate in sport． 这个国家一半以上的人口参加体育锻炼。 3．die out灭亡； 逐渐消失 [教材P16]　The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries, until they eventually died out around the year 393. 古代奥林匹克运动会每四年在希腊的奥林匹亚举办，持续了近12个世纪，直到公元393年前后才最终停办。 (1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from因……而死 die down减弱； 平息 (2)be dying for很想要； 渴望 be dying to do sth.极想干某事 (1) That style of music died out ten years ago. 那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了。 (2) Although the wind has died down, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat. 尽管风小了， 雨仍然不停， 因此你仍需要一件雨衣。 [即学即用]　用die的相关短语填空 ①You mentioned that you would like to teach English in return，which is exactly what I am dying for． ②As the sound of music died away，the film came to an end. 完成句子 ③Many old customs are gradually dying out． 许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失。 ④The wind died down at last and all was quiet. 风终于停了，一切都平静下来了。 4．rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行n.地位，级别；等级；排；列；军衔 [教材P17]　In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked first on the medal table. 中国不仅是第一次举办奥运会，更是在奖牌榜上位列第一。 (1)rank with...列为…… (2)close ranks (一群人)紧密团结(面对困难) the rank and file普通百姓，(团体等中的)普通成员 (1)He ranks among the best pupils of his grade. 他是他们年级最好的学生之一。 (2)They are people of all ranks and classes. 他们来自各阶层各阶级。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①This film ranks with the best. ②There was widespread support for him among the rank and file. 完成句子 ③In times of crisis, party members should close ranks. 在紧要关头，党员应该团结起来。 ④The teacher ranked the students according to their grades. 老师根据学生的成绩把学生分等级。 5．compete vi.参加比赛；竞争 [教材P16]　They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump. 他们的竞赛项目包括拳击、赛跑和跳远。 (1)compete in参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for为……而竞争 compete with/against...for为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 (2)competition n．比赛； 竞争 competitive adj.竞争的； 有竞争力的 competitor n．竞争者； 对手 (1)Young children will usually compete for their mothers' attention. 小孩通常都会在母亲面前争宠。 (2)(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond. 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛。 (3)Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive world. 没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的世界。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition. (compete) ②Life is like a long race where/in which we often compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 完成句子 ③We can compete with students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests. 我们可以和来自其他大学的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。 ④I felt I had been privileged to compete in such a race. 我为能参加这样的比赛感到很荣幸。 6．diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的 [教材P16]　For over a century, people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help realize Coubertin's dream. 一个多世纪以来，来自不同背景的人们共同努力，帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。 (1)diverse culture多元文化；不同的文化 (2)diversity n．多样性；差异 cultural diversity文化差异；文化多元性 (3)diversify vt.使多样化；使变化；使不同vi.多样化 (1)In life, there are different kinds of lies and diverse contexts in which they're told. 生活中有着不同种类的谎言，它们出现在不同的背景下。 (2)Two of our greatest strengths are diversity and community. 我们的两个最大的优点是多样性和团体精神。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①There is a need for greater diversity (diverse) and choice in education. ②Albert Jones' new style will inevitably put him in touch with a much more diverse (diverse)and perhaps younger audience. 完成句子 ③My sister and I have diverse ideas on how to raise children. 在怎样教育孩子的问题上，我和我姐姐有迥然不同的看法。 ④We are diversifying our products to meet the needs of market. 我们正使我们的产品多样化，以满足市场的需要。 7．motivate vt.激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因 [教材P16]　Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”， many well­known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement. 在最初的奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，许多知名的男女运动员力争取得卓越的体育成绩并不断突破人类成就的极限。 (1)motivate sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事 (2)motivation n．动机；动力；积极性 learning motivation学习动机 personal motivation个人动机 (1)A good teacher is one who can motivate his students. 一位好老师能激励他的学生。 (2)Some people argue that examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 有人认为考试不能激励学生去学习更多知识。 (3)Students' inner motivation is essential to their developments. 学生的内在动力对他们的发展至关重要。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①They lack the motivation (motivate) to study. ②So you need to change what you are focusing on to motivate yourself to take (take) action. 完成句子 ③Without direction and motivation, a person would not know what to do. 一个人缺乏方向和动力就不知道该干些什么。 ④Record your progress. Monitoring how much you've improved will help motivate yourself. 记录下你的进步。跟踪记录自己进步了多少将会帮助你激励自己。 8．consistent adj.一致的，始终如一的；连续的 [教材P17]　In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed. 她在采访中透露，自己维持良好表现的秘诀在于她从来不缺席训练。 (1)be consistent with与某事物并存/一致 (2)consistence n．一致性；连贯性 (3)consistently adv.一致地；始终如一地 (1)We need to be consistent in our approach. 我们在方法上要前后一致。 (2)Her work has been of a consistently high standard. 她的工作一直是高水准的。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①This is in consistence(consistent) with the characteristic of modern art, which is that creation should be for practical and aesthetical needs. ②His behavior is consistent with his teaching. 完成句子 ③She is a consistent girl in her feeling. 在感情方面她是个始终如一的女孩。 ④Your conduct is not consistent with what you say. 你的言行不一致。 9．It was...who...强调句 [教材P16]　It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. 一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重获生机。 这是一个强调句，强调主语“a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin”，句式“It is/was...that/who...”可以对句中除了谓语和定语外的某个成分进行强调，被强调部分放在It is/was和that/who之间。 (1)基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who... (2)一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...? (3)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...? (4)特殊结构：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that... (1)(2021·全国Ⅰ卷)It was not only the breakfast, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much. 不仅早餐让她感动，孩子们对她的爱也让她感动。 (2)It was when I arrived at the cinema that I realized I had left my ticket at home. 正是当我到达电影院时我才意识到我把电影票忘在家里了。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. ②It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. 一句多译 ③直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。 →He didn't realize the importance of learning English well until he went to America as an exchange student. →It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well．(强调句) → Not until he went to America as an exchange student did he realize the importance of learning English well．(倒装) 10．by the time引导时间状语从句 [教材P17]　By the time he died in 2016，Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. 到2016 年去世时，阿里已被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 by the time引导时间状语从句 (1)by the time表示“到……时候为止”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成”，即“过去的过去”。 (2)by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来时，主句常用将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。 (3)如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时间的状况，主句有be的系表形式或者是像know, find，believe等表示认知的持续性动词时，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态，应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 (1)By the time she left college, she had been an excellent student. 到她大学毕业的时候，她已经是一个优秀的学生了。 (2)By the time I graduate next year，I will have lived here for 5 years. 到明年毕业时，我就在这里待了五年了。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①By the time he was 12，he had travelled (travel) to 30 countries to get his diseases cured. ②By the time this letter reaches you，I will have left (leave) the country. 完成句子 ③By the time you get there, the meeting will be over. 等你到了那里的时候，会议就结束了。 ④The supermarket had closed by the time I realized. 我意识到的时候超市已经关门了。 1．Besides studying at school, he often participates (participate) in some out­of­school activities. 2．Several countries competed (competition) against each other for hosting the World Cup last year. 3．A factory must try to diversify(diverse) for further development. 4．Still, the results are consistent with the evidence. 5．To be loved means to be recognized as existing. 6．To die for the people is a glorious deed! 7．I'd like to introduce my mother to you，because it is she who/that has a great effect on me. 1．Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion. 希望全班同学参加讨论。 2．She is a physicist of the first rank. 她是一位一流的物理学家。 3．We try to make the trains run on time, but we can't compete with weather. 我们努力使火车准点运行，但我们抗争不过天气。 4．We have nothing against diversity; indeed, we want more of it. 我们并不反对多样化；事实上，我们希望有更多的多样化。 5．They elected him chairman. 他们选他做主席。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$