UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ Integrated skills（课件PPT）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Unit 4　Living with technology Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills，Extended reading，Project，Assessment & Further study 栏 目 索 引 预读识记 读文清障 读文思义 基础自测 互动探究 课堂达标 预读识记 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 读文清障 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 读文思义 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 which using practical surgeries Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Clones destinations to go with Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 be discouraging challenging Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 基础自测 capsule bury fountain contemporary seed Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 wheat virtual headset sensor immersive engage Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 twin clone barrier fine­tune initial weed Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 state­of­the­art globe satellite expense gender envy pub Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 highlight highlighted muscular muscle conclude conclusion Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 justified justify justification superiority superior definition define Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 practical practice impractical academic academically Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 optimistic optimistically annoy annoyed annoying Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 in with at with to as in Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 as of before like at Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 rather than general ones Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 like When talking about Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 互动探究 buried Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 buried was burying burying Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 buried himself in was buried in Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Burying himself in Buried in Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 concluding Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 from conclusion In Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion is supposed to take effective measures to Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 justified Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 in justification in Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 can justify justified himself Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 at the forefront of Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 is at the forefront of in the forefront of the fighting in the front of the room Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 practical Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 practical singing Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 practical ability practice speaking Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 engage Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 in for have engaged a room Can you engage Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 annoy Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 annoyed annoyed annoying annoying Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 annoyed me was annoyed to learn is annoyed that Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 rather than Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 rather than in the great hall Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad rather than dancing Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 When talking about VR Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 travelling asked Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 While walking dogs whenever possible Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 While enjoying the meal Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 课堂达标 buried justification in annoyed Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 in than visiting Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 have to bury yourself in your studies drew different conclusions Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 in justification of her actions I define your duties Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 practical experience Unit 4　Living with technology 英语　选择性必修　第二册　Y 返回导航 课时跟踪检测(十二) 谢 谢 1．virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 2．at the forefront of处于最前列，进入重要地位 3．definition n．定义；释义，解释 4．headset n．耳机 5．sensor n．传感器，敏感元件 6．practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 7．a host of许多，大量 8．academic adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 9．immersive adj.(计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 10．engage vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣等)；雇佣，聘用；与……建立密切关系 11．twin n．双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj.双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 12．clone n．好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物) vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 13．barrier n．障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 14．boil down to归结为，基本问题是 15．fine­tune vt.对……微调 16．initial adj.最初的，开始的 n．首字母 17．optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的 难词注解 ①virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 ②at the forefront of处于最前列，进入重要地位 ③definition n．定义；释义，解释 ④headset n．耳机 ⑤sensor n．传感器，敏感元件 ⑥practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 ⑦a host of许多，大量 ⑧academic adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 ⑨immersive adj.(计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 (engage vt.& vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)，雇佣，聘用；与……建立密切关系 ⑪twin n．双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj.双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 ⑫clone n．好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物) vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 ⑬barrier n．障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 ⑭boil down to归结为，基本问题是 ⑮fine­tune vt.对……微调 ⑯initial adj.最初的，开始的 n．首字母 ⑰optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的 教材原文 Virtual① reality SUSAN：Frank, you've been working at the forefront of② developments in virtual reality for many years. Can you tell us what virtual reality is and how it works？ eq \o(□,\s\up8(1)) eq \x(1) 这是一个含有双宾语的句子，间接宾语是us，直接宾语是两个宾语从句，what virtual reality is和how it works。 FRANK：Of course. The basic definition③ of VR lies in the name itself, which means “reality that is not real”. When you wear a VR headset④ equipped with sensors⑤ and a screen，you are surrounded by three­D images, sounds and other sensory information, which creates a super­realistic effect called “presence”． eq \o(□,\s\up8(2)) Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real, part of your brain believes it is—and acts accordingly. eq \x(2) 句中When you wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen是时间状语从句；which creates a super­realistic effect called “presence”是非限制性定语从句。 SUSAN：Thanks, Frank. Can you give some examples of the practical⑥ applications VR has? FRANK：I'd love to. There are a host of⑦ educational applications. Academic⑧ VR enables students to interact with others in a three­D environment. There are endless possibilities for the subject matter that can be created in a VR system. Imagine studying the solar system or the human body in a fully immersive⑨ environment. By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage( students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. The applications can be expanded to make it easier to visualize data such as engineering projects and a variety of other design developments. eq \o(□,\s\up8(3)) It's pretty exciting! eq \x(3) 句中it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to visualize data such as engineering projects and a variety of other design developments。 SUSAN：This sounds like it has a lot of constructive applications. What about its uses for highly developed technical industries such as medicine? FRANK: Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to perform complex surgery. What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin⑪” in order to practise a delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? This technology can be applied to train new surgeons; it also enables experts to test new techniques safely before trying them on human subjects. Treatments of anxiety and drug addiction are other valuable and cost­effective applications of VR. SUSAN：That is amazing! It sounds like VR will be a life­changing technology as well as a life­saving one. How will it affect the different aspects of our everyday lives, such as entertainment, shopping and travelling? FRANK: The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic advocates of VR. Current game systems come with headsets so that players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual opponents. It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three­D exhibitions become common. eq \o(□,\s\up8(4)) When shopping online, you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone⑫ try on clothes and to see products with 360­degree views. Also, people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go. In both of these cases, this technology will help people make more informed choices. eq \x(4) 句中It won't be long before ...意思是“过不了多久/很快……”，后接句子(谓语动词用一般现在时)。 SUSAN：I can't wait! However, as with any technology, there must be some barriers⑬ to the development of VR, I guess? FRANK：It really boils down to⑭ three things—time, cost and technical limitations. We will need time to develop and fine­tune⑮ the hardware and software. The initial⑯ cost will discourage most people in the beginning but that should be fixed over time. The last issue is our own technical limitations. Just trying to figure out how to do what we want in terms of technology will prove challenging in some areas. eq \o(□,\s\up8(5)) eq \x(5) 句中Just trying to figure out how to do what we want in terms of technology是动名词短语作主语。 SUSAN: Considering there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic⑰ about the future of VR? FRANK：Sure. When talking about VR, we should keep in mind its quick rate of evolution. The possibilities seem endless. For example, 5G technology, with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed, will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are. Indeed we are only limited by our imagination. What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology. They're well equipped to become part of a technological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today. SUSAN：Thank you, Frank. It all sounds wonderful. 课文翻译 虚拟现实 苏珊：弗兰克，你在虚拟现实(VR)的前沿开发领域已经耕耘了很多年。你能告诉我们虚拟现实是什么，以及它的工作原理吗？ 弗兰克：当然可以。我们从虚拟现实的名字就能看出它的基本定义，意思就是“非真实的现实”。当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的VR头戴设备时，你将被三维影像、声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。尽管你知道身边的感官信息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会作出相应的反馈。 苏珊：谢谢，弗兰克。你能为我们举几个VR应用的实例吗？ 弗兰克：当然乐意。VR在教育领域有大量应用。教学VR使学生能够在一个三维环境中与其他人互动。能在VR系统中创作的题材具有无限的可能性。你可以想象在一个完全沉浸式的环境中学习太阳系或者人体构造。这种新的学习手段以一种富有意义的方式呈现内容，能够吸引学生的兴趣并且提高学习效率。这些应用还能进一步扩展，使得工程项目和其他各类设计开发项目的数据更容易得到可视化的呈现。这真的很令人激动！ 苏珊：听起来VR有着许多具有建设性的应用。那么，它在医药等高新技术产业的应用如何呢？ 弗兰克：外科医生已经在借助VR和机器人技术完成复杂的外科手术。如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？这项技术可以用来训练新晋外科医生，也可以帮助专家在对人体进行实验之前安全地测试新技术。焦虑和药物成瘾的治疗则是另外一些具有价值且成本低廉的VR应用。 苏珊：这太惊人了！听起来VR会是一种既能挽救生命又能改变生活的技术。对于娱乐、购物和旅行等日常生活的不同方面，它会带来怎样的影响呢？ 弗兰克：娱乐产业是最热切追捧VR的行业之一。目前的游戏系统配有头戴设备，能够让玩家进入虚拟环境，与真实或虚拟的敌人竞赛。用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虛拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360°全方位查看商品。此外，想要出门度假的人们将有机会以虚拟的方式游览一些目的地，然后再决定去哪儿。在这两种场景下，VR技术都将帮助人们作出更明智的选择。 苏珊：我都等不及了！但是任何技术都有瓶颈，VR的发展想必也是如此吧？ 弗兰克：其实说到底就三个方面——时间、费用和技术局限。我们需要时间来开发并调试硬件和软件。早期费用在一开始会吓退大多数人，但这个问题应该会慢慢解决。最后的问题在于我们自身的技术局限。在某些领域，光是试图弄清楚如何从技术角度实现我们的想法就将是挑战重重的。 苏珊：考虑到需要应对这么多挑战，你对VR的未来还抱有乐观心态吗？ 弗兰克：当然。当我们谈论VR的时候，需要牢记它的进展之快。VR似乎有着无限可能。比方说，5G技术能够以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动网络连接，它将使人们在任何地方都能享受到更为沉浸式的VR体验。我们的确只是受限于我们的想象力罢了。最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都已习以为常。他们具备良好的条件成为技术一代的一员。他们在未来将会发展并使用VR所做的事情，在今天的我们看来可能是难以想象的。 苏珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。这一切听起来都很美好。 Step 1　Fast reading Check yourself to what degree you have remembered the text by filling in the blanks in the following passage. Step 2　Careful reading Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Which of the following doesn't belong to the practical applications of VR? A．Sports.　　　　　　 B．Medicine. C．Entertainment. D．Education. 2．What is a doctor able to do with the help of VR? A．Train new doctors. B．Clone a twin patient virtually. C．Create robots to perform surgeries. D．Cure anxiety or drug addiction. 3．Which of the following is not the barrier to the development of VR? A．Money. B．Time. C．Rate of evolution. D．Limited technology. 4．What's Frank's attitude towards the future of VR? A．Objective. B．Confident. C．Negative. D．Disappointed. 5．What's the main idea of the text? A．The definition of virtual reality. B．The application of virtual reality. C．The barriers and future of virtual reality. D．All of the above. 答案　1～5　ABCBD Step 3　Post reading Fill in the blanks according to the passage or the given words. Virtual reality lies in the name itself，1._____ means “reality that is not real”．It creates a super­realistic effect by 2._____(use) a VR headset. VR has some examples of the 3._________(practice) applications： •Education：it enables students to interact with others in a three­D environment to engage students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. •Medicine：it helps perform complex 4._________(surgery). •Entertainment：wearing headsets，players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual opponents. •Shopping：consumers are able to have their own virtual reality.5.______(clone) try on clothes and to see products from all angles. •Travelling：people will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several 6.____________(destination) before deciding where 7._____(go). There are also many challenges to deal 8.____： •Time：enough time is needed to develop and fine­tune the hardware and software. •Cost：the initial cost will 9._______________(discourage) for most people in the beginning but that should be fixed over time. •Technical limitations：technology will prove 10.___________(challenge) in some areas. What's the future of the development of virtual reality? With the help of its quick rate of evolution，the possibilities seem endless, so we will still be optimistic towards it. eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.重点单词) 1．_______ n．小塑料容器；(装药的)胶囊；太空舱 2．____ vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 3．________ n．喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源 4．____________ adj.当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n．同代人，同辈人 5．____ n．种子；起源，起因 6．_____ n．小麦，小麦粒 7．_______ adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 8．_______ n．耳机 9．______ n．传感器，敏感元件 10．_________ adj.(计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 11．______ vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇佣，聘用；与……建立密切关系 12．____ n．双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj.双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 13．_____ n．好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物) vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 14．_______ n．障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 15．_________ vt.对……微调 16．_______ adj.最初的，开始的 n．首字母 17．____ n．杂草，野草 18．________________ adj.使用最先进技术(或方法)的，最先进的 19. _____ n．球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界 20．_________ n．人造卫星；卫星 21．_______ n．费用；开销；开支 22．______ n．性别 23．____ n．& vt.羡慕，忌妒 24．___ n．酒吧，酒馆 25．_________ n．最好(或最精彩)的部分 vt.突出，强调；使醒目 ___________ adj.突出的；强调的；显著的 26．________ adj.肌肉的；强壮的 ______ n．肌肉；肌；体力；权势；势力 27．________ vt.& vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→__________ n．结论；结束 28．_________ adj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的 _______ v．说明或证明正确或合理；有充分理由 _____________ n．正当的理由；辩护；辩解 29．___________ n．优越感；优越性，优势 ________ adj.较高的；上级的；占优势的 n．上级；长官 30．__________ n．定义；释义，解释 ______ v．下定义；确切说明 31．_________ adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 ________ n．实践；练习 ___________ adj.不切实际的；不现实的 32．________ adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 ____________ adv.学业上；学术上；理论上 33．__________ adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的 ______________ adv.乐观地；乐天地 34．_____ vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 _______ adj.颇为生气的→________ adj.使人烦恼的 eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.重点短语) 1．__ the future在将来 2．be filled ____被……充满 3．__ the forefront of处于最前列，进入重要地位 4．equip... ____用……装备起来；使具备…… 5．boil down __归结为，基本问题是 6．such __例如 7．__ order to为了 8．__ well as也，还，并且 9．a host __许多，大量 10．long ______在很久以前 11．____ weeds大量 12．__ the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.核心句型) 1．并列连词rather than连接名词或代词 It is a good idea to give specific statements _____________________, which makes it easier to get your ideas across. 具体地陈述比泛泛地陈述好，这样更容易让人理解你的想法。 2．though引导的让步状语从句 ________________________________________________________, part of your brain believes it is—and acts accordingly. 尽管你知道身边的感官信息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会作出相应的反馈。 3．like作连词引导表语从句 This sounds ____ it has a lot of constructive applications. 听起来VR有着许多具有建设性的应用。 4．状语从句的省略 __________________ VR, we should keep in mind its quick rate of evolution. 当我们谈论VR的时候，需要牢记它的进展之快。 1．bury vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 [教材P51]　The time capsule，______ 50 feet below the ground in a park，was designed to be opened in the year 6939. 这个时间胶囊埋在一个公园的地下50英尺处，计划于6939年开放。 (1)bury one's head/face in hands双手抱头/掩面 (2)be buried in＝bury oneself in专心于 be buried in thought沉思 (1)She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时， 她掩面而泣。 (2)Buried in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left. 他埋头学习， 不知道其他人都早已离开了。 (3)She had learnt to bury her feelings. 她已经学会了感情不外露。 [名师点津]　表示 “专心于； 致力于” 的短语还有： (1)be devoted to (2)be lost/engaged/absorbed in (3)focus/concentrate on (4)fix/concentrate one's attention on [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands ______(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat. ②My father ___________(bury) himself in a book when I walked into the room. ③The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，_______ (bury) her head in the book in her hands. 一句多译 他由于埋头于书本， 所以不知道外面下雨了。(bury) ④Because he _________________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside. ⑤Because he _____________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside. ⑥__________________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语) ⑦_________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语) 2．conclude vt.& vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止 [教材P51]　He mentioned a few social problems before __________ that he believed future generations would read his message with “a feeling of proud and justified superiority”． 他提到了一些社会问题，然后总结说，他相信未来的几代人会带着“一种自豪感和正当的优越感”阅读他的信息。 (1)conclude eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth. （from sth.）,（from sth.） that... )) (从……中)推断出…… conclude sth. eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(with sth.,by doing sth.)) 以……结束…… to conclude最后 (2)conclusion n．结论；结束 come to/reach/draw/arrive at a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion总而言之 (1)With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions. 通过我们的研究，我们认为我们现在可以自信地得出结论，至少有些狗能辨别人类的面部表情。 (2)I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will, there is a way. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论： 有志者， 事竟成。 (3)He concluded his speech with a famous saying: It's never too late to start. 他以一句名言“只要去做永不为晚”结束他的演讲。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①John said he could conclude ____ Jane's expression that Jane had stolen his money. ②We can, therefore, come to the __________(conclude) that nothing is precious as peace in the world. ③__ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise. 完成句子/句式升级 ④Therefore, we can ______________________________________． 因此，我们可以得出结论。 ⑤The government ________________________________________ protect wildlife in no time. 政府应该马上采取有效的措施来保护野生动植物。 ⑥用同位语从句连接④⑤句： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Therefore, we can draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion that the government is supposed to take effective measures to protect wildlife in no time. 3．justified adj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的 [教材P51]　He mentioned a few social problems before concluding that he believed future generations would read his message with “a feeling of proud and _________ superiority”． 他提到了一些社会问题，然后总结说，他相信未来的几代人会带着“一种自豪感和正当的优越感”阅读他的信息。 (1) justify v．说明或证明正确或合理；有充分理由 justify sth. as sth.证明……作为某物是合法的 justify ...by以……证明……是正当的 justify sb./oneself/sth. in v．­ing/n.证明……是正当的 justify ...to sb.向某人证明……是对的，正当的 (2)justification n．正当的理由；辩护；辩解 in justification of为……辩解 (1)The policeman was justified in shooting the criminal in self­defence. 那个警察出于自卫枪击罪犯是正当防卫。 (2)Can you justify your rude behaviour to me? 你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？ (3)Nothing can justify you in your treating her that way. 没有什么理由说明你应当那样对待她。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①Can you justify yourself __ saying that? ②We have sound _____________ (justified )for what we do. ③What can be said __ justification of his behavior? 完成句子 ④Nothing ___________ your cheating on an exam. 任何事情都不能成为你考试作弊的理由。 ⑤The boy _________________ by saying he hadn't begun the fight. 这个男孩为自己辩护说，他没有首先动手打人。 4．at the forefront of处于最前列，进入重要地位 [教材P53]　Frank, you've been working ___________________ developments in virtual reality for many years. 弗兰克，你在虚拟现实(VR)的前沿开发领域已经耕耘了很多年。 (1)forefront n．最前列；最前线 (2)ahead of领先 in the front在前面 in front of在……前面(指在某地方之外的前面，即不在其中) in the front of在……前面(指在某地方之内的前面) (1)Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement. 妇女总是在环境保护运动的最前列。 (2)A still better tomorrow lies ahead of you. 展现在你们前面的是更加美好的未来。 (3)Britain is no longer in the front rank of world powers. 英国再也不是位于前列的世界强国。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①And China ______________________ research and development in herbal medicines. 而中国正处于草药研究和开发的最前沿。 ②The brave soldier was ________________________________. 那个勇敢的士兵战斗在最前线。 ③I sit ________________________． 我坐在房间的前面。 5．practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 [教材P53]　Can you give some examples of the _________ applications VR has? 你能为我们举几个VR应用的实例吗？ (1)for all practical purposes实际上，事实上 (2)practice n．实践；练习 out of practice疏于练习 put into practice实施，实行 (3)practice v．练习；实践；开业；执业 practice doing sth.练习做某事 (4)impractical adj.不切实际的；不现实的 (1)A practical person does not spend his money and time foolishly. 一个有头脑的人是不胡乱花钱和虚度光阴的。 (2)Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷听力)Now you've got the correct pronunciations of the words, it's time to practice reading them every day. 现在你已经掌握了单词的正确发音，是时候每天练习阅读了。 (4)We practiced pronouncing the sound again and again. 我们一遍又一遍地练习发这个音。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津卷) In addition to _________(practice) skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self­worth, and promote feelings of community. ②They're practicing _______(sing) the new song. 完成句子 ③Most importantly, we should develop our own _______________. 最重要的是，我们应该提高自身的实践能力。 ④The students often _________________ English among themselves. 学生们经常相互练习讲英语。 6．engage vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇佣，聘用；与……建立密切关系 [教材P53]　By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to ______ students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. 这种新的学习手段以一种富有意义的方式呈现内容，能够吸引学生的兴趣并且提高学习效率。 engage for sth.允诺……；保证…… engage in sth.参加……；从事……；忙于…… be engaged in sth./v.­ing从事…… be engaged to sb.与某人订婚 engage＋that­clause保证…… (1)He has engaged a new secretary. 他已雇了一位新秘书。 (2)I will engage for his behaviour should you decide to employ him. 如果你能决定雇用他，那么我可以担保他的行为。 (3)My family has been engaged in farming for generations. 我家几代都从事农业。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①I have no time to engage __ the debate. ②I can engage ___ his honesty. 完成句子 ③I ___________________ at the hotel. 我已经在旅馆里预订了一个房间。 ④______________ that all his statements are trustworthy? 你能担保他的话都可靠吗？ 7．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 [教材P55]　Does it _____ you to see cars blocking the road like weeds when you are travelling? 旅游时，你看到大量的汽车堵塞公路是否会感到烦躁？ (1)be annoyed about为……恼火 be annoyed to do sth.因做某事烦恼 be annoyed＋that­clause因为……而烦恼 (2)annoyed adj.颇为生气的 (3)annoying adj.使人烦恼的 (1)(2021·浙江卷)If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. 如果你有过这样的印象：你的狗能“分辨”出你是满意还是恼怒，你可能会有什么发现。 (2)Respect them and value their opinions, even if they annoy you sometimes. 即使他们有时让你烦恼，你也要尊重他们并重视他们的意见。 (3)He was annoyed to hear that the train would be delayed. 他听说火车要晚点，心里感到烦恼。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①My husband's talking with his mouth full of food _______ me. Although I am _______ with him about his ________ habit, he can't get rid of it.(annoy) ②I like her even though she can be ________(annoy). 完成句子 ③He really __________ in the meeting this morning. 在今天上午的会议上，他着实惹恼了我。 ④She ____________________ that she had failed in the make­up examination. 得知补考未能及格，她非常烦恼。 ⑤The boy _______________ he has been kept at home all day. 那个男孩已经被关在家里一整天，感到很厌烦。 8．并列连词 rather than连接名词或代词 [教材P52]　It is a good idea to give specific statements __________ general ones, which makes it easier to get your ideas across. 具体地陈述比泛泛地陈述好，这样更容易让人理解你的想法。 It是形式主语，不定式短语to give specific statements ...是真正的主语；rather than是并列连词，连接两个名词或代词；which引导非限制性定语从句；第二个代词it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to get your ideas across。 (1)rather than不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 (2)rather than与would连用时，构成“would rather ...than ...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。 (1) He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 (2)You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去野营。 (3)The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 (4)He would rather give lectures to the students than be invited to boring conferences. 他宁愿给学生上课也不愿被邀请参加乏味的会议。 [名师点津]　rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。如： She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①We will have the meeting in the classroom ___________________ ________. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 ②__________________________________________, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。 ③She enjoys singing ___________________. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 9．状语从句的省略 [教材P54]　_____________________, we should keep in mind its quick rate of evolution. 当我们谈论VR的时候，需要牢记它的进展之快。 句中When talking about VR为省略句形式，相当于when we are talking about VR。 (1)省略句的条件： ①状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it ②状语从句谓语中含有be动词 (2)省略句的形式： 省略从句中的主语或it和be动词 (1)When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。 (2)While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。 (3)It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when questioned at the meeting by my boss. 我说这话很丢脸，但我在会上被老板质问时撒了谎。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①While __________(travel) in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures. ②When _____(ask) about the secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 完成句子 ③__________________, people should not let them loose. Otherwise, they may be dangerous to others. 遛狗时，人们不应该松开它们。否则，它们可能会给其他人带来危险。 ④My family go to the old lady's home to help them do some housework and some gardening work _________________． 我家一有可能就会去这位老太太家帮她们做一些家务和一些园艺工作。 ⑤_______________________，some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance，making the elderly very happy. 吃饭时，一些有天赋的学生表演了完美的民间舞蹈，这使老人非常高兴。 eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.单句语法填空) 1．He was sitting with his head ______(bury) in a book. 2．To me the only _____________(justify) for a zoo is educational. 3．He engaged __ a serious study of the problem. 4．She felt _______(annoy)to learn that Richard would not be able to come to the party. 5．We said that the youth ought to stand __ the forefront of the times. 6．I, rather ____ you, should do the work. 7．While ________(visit) another country, you should obey its customs and laws. eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.完成句子) 1．You will _____________________________________ if you want to pass the exam. 如果你想通过考试，就得专心致志地学习。 2．They __________________________ from the facts. 他们根据这些事实得出了不同的结论。 3．All I can say _______________________________ is that she was under a lot of pressure at work. 我唯一能为她的行为辩解的理由是她工作压力很大。 4．Please listen while ____________________. 在我规定你的职责时，请仔细听好。 5．Although she is rich in knowledge, she is lacking in ____________ __________． 虽然她知识丰富，但是缺少实际经验。 $$