Unit5 Educational exchanges 语法课件 -2024-2025学年牛津深圳版八年级英语上册

Unit 5 Educational exchanges Grammar An exchange visit is educational and interesting！ A group of British students from Woodpark School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educational exchange. “I was very nervous at first,” says Sarah. “However, my host family are really friendly. I’m glad to be a guest in their home. I’ve learnt to use chopsticks, and they’re teaching me a little Chinese!” The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. At the weekend, they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest with their host families. “It’s been a fantastic experience so far,” says Eric. “I’ve learnt a bit of t'ai chi, and I really enjoy it. We’ve already learnt a lot about Chinese culture and history. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. We’ve also tried to paint some pictures ourselves! I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keep trying.” “I’ve made many new friends,” says Sarah. “I plan to keep in touch with them when I return home. We’ll see one another soon because they’ll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. I can’t wait!” _________ ________ _________ ____________ _____ _______________________ _____ _________ ___________ ________ Learning Aims: 1. 定义&时间状语 2. 基本句型 3. 过去分词的变化规则 4. have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in 5. 复习四大时态&对比过去时和现在完成时 现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense) now future past 现在完成时 1. 定义&时间状语: (1) 定义1: 时间状语1: eg. I have just lent my book to John. (I don’t have the book now. ) 我刚刚把书借给约翰。 表过去发生动作对现在造成的影响和结果, already/just/yet/ever/never/before ① already: 和done中间, 也可放在句末 eg. We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成家庭作业了。 “已经”, 用在肯定句中; 放在have = We have finished our homework already. ② just: 和done中间 eg. I have just finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。 用在肯定句中; 放在have “刚刚”, ③ yet: “已经”, 用在疑问句中 eg. Have you finished your homework yet? 你完成家庭作业了吗？ “还”, 用在否定句中 eg. I haven't made a decision yet. 我还没做决定。 放在句末 ④ ever: have和done中间 eg. I have ever seen this film. 我曾经看过这电影。 Have you ever been to the USA ? 你去过美国吗？ ⑤ never: 和done中间 eg. Is he famous? I have never heard of him. 他很有名吗？我从来没听说过他。 用于疑问句和肯定句中, 放在 “曾经”, 用在否定句中, 放在have “从来不”, ⑥ before: eg.Ｉhave never read this kind of books before. 我之前从没读过这种书。 “以前”, 放在句尾 now past (2) 定义2: 下去, 动词用延续性动词 时间状语2: since+点时间, since+ 段时间+ ago, since+句子(过去时) ever since(then) 自从(那以后) eg. Kate has lived here for 3 years. He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China. (She began to live there many years ago, she lives there now and she will go on living there.) 表过去发生动作一直延续到现在, 还有可能继续 for+段时间, for or since 1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month. 3. My sister has learnt to swim ______ a month . 4. My friends haven’t visited me _________ two years ago. 5. We haven’t used our car ________ a long time . 6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years. 7. Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years old. for since for since for for since 直接换为持续性动词: buy →have, borrow →keep, get sth →have sth, become →be 2. 换为be +名词: join the army →be a soldier/be a member of the army go to school →be a student 3. 变为be + 状态的形容词 die →be dead, finish →be over, start/ begin →be on, leave (sp.)→be away (from sp.), close →be closed, open →be open fall asleep →be asleep, wake up →be awake, get married →be married come back/get back/return(to sw.) → be back (to sw.) 4. 换为be +介词 come to sp./ go to sp. / arrive in(at或on) sp. /get to sp. /reach sp. →be in/at/on sp. join the army →be in the army 常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变 买了就有, 借了保管, 得到就有, 变成即是 加入团队就是其中成员, 上学就是学生。 once,twice…/several times (...次)； still(仍然)； these days/recently/lately(最近)； so far/up to now/by now (到目前为止)； in the past/last ... years (过去几年来) 【拓展】其他时间状语: 答题要点： 1. 根据含义和时间状语来判断是否 使用现在完成时。 2. 根据时间状语判断是否使用延续性 动词。 2. 基本句型: 数时用has, 其他人称用have (1) 肯: (2) 否: have not=haven't has not=hasn't (3) 一般疑: 回答: /No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. eg. 肯: 否: 一般疑: 回答: 助动词have/has+过去分词, 主语为单 主语+have/has+动词过去分词(+其他) 主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词(+其他) Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词(+其他)？ Yes, 主语+have/has. I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished the homework yet? Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. (4) 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has + 主语+过去分词 (+其他)? 若对时间状语划线提问, 可用How long... eg. How long has he learned math? 他学习数学学多久了？ 一、按要求变化下列各句。 1. She has listened to a piece of foreign music. (改为否定句) She hasn’t listened to a piece of foreign music. 2. I have got something important to do. (改为一般疑问句) Have you got anything important to do. 3. Have you ever traveled on a train? (作否定回答) No, I haven’t. 4. He finished reading a story- book. (改为现在完成时) He has already finished a story book. 5. Li Lei has eaten some dumplings for his breakfast. (对划线提问) What has Li lei eaten for his breakfast? 6. I’ve worked out the maths problem. (对划线部分提问) Who has worked out the maths problem? 3. 过去分词的变化规则: 规则动词过去分词与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词需逐个记 规则变化： (1) 一般在词尾直接加ed pick → picked → picked wish → stay → (2) 以e结尾, 后面加d like → liked → liked hope→ phone→ wished → wished stayed → stayed hoped → hoped phoned → phoned (3) 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾, 变y为i, 再加-ed study → studied → studied hurry → reply → (4) 以“辅元辅”字母结尾, 双写尾字母, 再加-ed stop → stopped → stopped hurried → hurried replied → replied Type original p.t p.p cut cut cut hit hit hit cost cost cost hurt hurt hurt put put put read read read AAA 不规则变化： have had had make made made say said said get got got/gotten sit sat sat stand stood stood understand understood understood sell sold sold lose lost lost light lit/lighted lit/lighted ABB shine shone shone win won won hang hung hung dig dug dug stick stuck stuck ABB meet met met lead led led shoot shot shot keep kept kept feel felt felt sleep slept slept leave left left spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled bring brought brought buy bought bought think thought thought teach taught taught fight fought fought tell told told ABB meet met met learn learnt/learned learnt/learned mean meant meant lend lent lent spend spent spent find found found hear heard heard build built built ABB am/is/are was/were been do/does did done go went gone (be)come (be)came (be)come take took taken see saw seen know knew known drive drove driven give gave given eat ate eaten write wrote written ride rode ridden hide hid hiden rise rose risen ABC am/is/are was/were been do/does did done go went gone (be)come (be)came (be)come take took taken see saw seen know knew known drive drove driven give gave given eat ate eaten write wrote written ride rode ridden hide hid hiden rise rose risen ABC begin began begun sing sang sung drink drank drunk run ran run swim swam swum ring rang rung speak spoke spoken forget forgot forgotten break broke broken choose chose chosen fall fell fallen steal stole stolen wake woke woken ABC wear wore worn fly flew flown throw threw thrown blow blew blown lie lay lain ABC 4. It is/has been+段时间+since从句 eg. It is/has been two years since he died. 他死了两年了。 Two years has passed since he died. 段时间+has passed+ since从句 【注】to遇到here, there, home等副词时省略 B A A B B A have gone to have been in have been to 4. (1) have/has been to: 曾经去过(已返回) 可接表 “次数”的状语; (2) have/has gone to: 已经去了某地或在途中, 还没有返回(不在此处) (3) have/has been in: 已在某地停留一段时间, 现仍在那里, 可接表“一段时间”的状语(延 续性) 1. Where is Tom? He ____ the bookshop to buy some books. 汤姆在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。 2. He ____ Beijing for 5 years. 他在北京待了5年了。 3. Jack ____ Shanghai twice. 杰克去过上海两次了。 A. has been in B. has been to C. has gone to C A B 学过的时态 名称 时间 动词形式 一般现在时 平时, 经常 现在进行时 正在进行 一般将来时 即将, 计划 一般过去时 过去(与现在无关) 1. v原 2. 单三 am/is/are+v-ing 1.will+v原形 2.am/is/are going to +v原 1.v-ed（规则动词） 2.不规则动词 判断时态 1. She works in a factory. 2. We are going to have a picnic this Sunday. 3. They held a sports meeting last week. 4. Are you helping your mother ? 一般现在时 一般将来时 一般过去时 现在进行时 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1) 一般过去时 的关系, 和具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ） (2) 现在完成时 对现在的影响或产生的结果, 不能和具体的时间状语连用 eg. I finished my homework an hour ago. 我一个小时之前写完了家庭作业。 I have had my lunch. I went home at 10:00 yesterday. I have got home now. 我昨天十点回家的。现在我已经到家了。 只表示过去的事实, 不表示和现在 强调过去动作与现在的关系, 强调 我吃过午饭了。 36 36 present past I have lived here for two years I lived there 2 years ago 1. — The drama series The Thunder(破冰行动)hits screens these days. — Oh,what a pity!I ____any of them yet. A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched 2. Today,all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue.It ___one of China's national treasures. A. becomes B. became C. has become 3. — Look!My mother ______a new dress for me.  — Wow, it looks very nice on you. A. is making B. has made C. will make D C B 4. — What do you think of your hometown,Kate? — It ____a lot.It's more beautiful than before. A. has changed B. changes C. will change D. change 5. Sarah____many places of interest in Beijing already.  A. visited B. has visited C. will visit D.visits 6. Diana can' t go to the farm with her classmates because she _______a bad cold.  A. will catch B. is catching C. has caught D. is caught A B C 1. I ________(have) lunch already. 2. Has the train _______ (arrive), yet? 3.Tome ____ never_______ (be to ) China. 4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father. 5. The twins ____(see) my father just now. 6. Many tall buildings ______________(build) in the past 5 years. have had arrived has been to has seen saw have been built have met have played has cooked have studied have seen haven't visited haven't done Eric has been in Beijing for a week. Complete his email to his mother with the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets. P72 $$