必修二 Unit 4 Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（导学案)-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修二UNIT 4 History and Traditions（学案） Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 人教版高中英语必修第二册《UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS》是一个深刻挖掘历史与传统精髓的单元，它不仅是一次语言学习的旅程，更是一场跨文化探索的盛宴。本单元精心设计了一系列多样化的教学活动，旨在引领学生跨越时空的界限，深入了解不同国家和地区的历史文化、传统习俗及其深厚的文化底蕴，从而在提升学生语言运用能力的同时，也增强了他们的跨文化意识和社会责任感。       一、语言能力 听 能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。能够准确理解听力文本内容。 说 能够在日常交际中自然得体地表达兴奋、惊讶、失望等情感。 读 阅读记述英国历史及地理概况的说明性文本，有效获取和梳理信息。阅读和理解景物描写文段所蕴含的深层含义和作者情感，分析其语言特征和修辞手法。 写 能够对熟悉地点的景物等进行比较生动、细致的描写。 看 能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息。 二、学习能力 1．平时能够注意积累英语习语；在听的过程中，能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。 2．在阅读中，能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息，以提高读图的能力。 三、文化意识 1．了解中国、英国、俄罗斯、爱尔兰、巴西、希腊、埃及等多个国家的悠久历史和文化传统。 2．在了解的基础上，积极思考历史、文化和传统的重要性及现实意义。 四、思维品质 在理解听力、阅读文本的基础上，能够结合自己的生活和学习需要及相关历史文化知识等，观察和分析语言和文化现象，了解相关国家悠久历史和特色传统的文化内涵和现实意义，思考历史与现实的辩证关系。 01-核心词形拓展 1．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→convenience n．方便→inconvenience n．不便 1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的 2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的 3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 4．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境 5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的 6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现 7．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找……的位置 8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的 9．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员 10．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称) 11．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工 12．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 02-重点词块闪记 1． join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 2． break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3． belong to 属于 4． As well as 同(一样也)；和；还 5． keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 6． result in 导致；造成 7． be referred to as 被称为；被认为 8． leave behind 留下；丢弃 9． have an influence on sth 对……有影响 10． have a long history of 有着……年悠久历史 11． a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴 12． (be) dotted with... 布满；点缀 13． make up 组成 14． more than 很；非常 15．be likely to do sth 可能做某事 15． 03-重点句型 1．省略句式 So what is the difference between them，if any? 2．动名词短语作主语 Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 3．the way作先行词，后跟省略了that/in which引导的定语从句 They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses． 4．have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语) They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 5．make＋宾语＋宾补 Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable． 1．现在分词短语作状语 Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses． 2．with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle． 3．It is/was＋n./adj.＋to do/that从句 With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. ( 1 语篇研读 ) [读文清障] [1] be confused by 对……感到困惑 [2] if any如果有什么的话 if so如果这/那样的话 [3] a little bit 一点儿 [4] puzzle/'pʌzl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt.迷惑；使困惑 solve a puzzle解决难题 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 [5] nearby/ˌnɪə'baɪ/adj.附近的；邻近的　adv.在附近 [6] Wales/weɪlz/威尔士(英国) [7] join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 join sb. in doing sth. 加入某人一起做某事 [8] Scotland/'skɒtˌlənd/苏格兰(英国) [9] add v．增加，增添 [10] break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 [11] result in导致 result from由于 [12] Northern Ireland/ˌnɔːðn'aɪələnd/北爱尔兰(英国) [13] shorten vt.缩短 -en是动词后缀，意为“使具有某种特性” [14] refer to... as... 把……称 为…… [15] belong to 属于 belong/bɪ'lɒŋ/vi.应在(某处)；适应 [16] area n．领域，方面[熟词生义]field n．领域 [17] as well as同(一样也)；和；还 as well as用于连接两个并列成分 as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语一致 [18] currency/'kʌrənsi/n.通货；货币 [19] military/'mɪlətri/adj.军事的；军用的 [20] defence/dɪ'fens/n.防御；保卫 [21] education system 教育体制 [22] legal/'liːɡl/adj.法律的；合法的 illegal adj.不合法的；非法的 illegally adv.不合法地；非法地 [23] surround/sə'raʊnd/vt.围绕；包围 be surrounded by被……包围 [24] evidence/'evidəns/n.证据；证明 [25] take over 接管，掌管 [26] throughout prep.贯穿，遍及 [27] Roman/'rəʊmən/adj.古罗马的；罗马的　n．古罗马人；罗马市民 [28] achievement/ə'tʃiːvmənt/n. 成就；成绩；达到 [29] include doing sth.包括做某事 [30] Anglo-Saxon/ˌæŋɡləʊ'sæksn/盎格鲁—撒克逊人 [31] the English language英语 the Chinese language汉语 [32] Viking/'vaɪkɪŋ/n.维京人；北欧海盗 [33] leave behind留下 [34] location/ləʊ'keɪʃn/n.地方；地点；位置 [35] Norman/'nɔːmən/adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的 the Normans诺曼人 [36] conquer/'kɒŋkə(r)/vt.占领；征服；控制 [37] Battle of Hastings/'heɪstɪŋz/黑斯廷斯战役 battle/'bætl/n.战役；搏斗　 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 [38] make changes 进行变更；做出改变 [39] enter into 成为……的一部分；进入 [40] port/pɔːt/n.港口(城市) [41] all the way 一直 [42] date back to 追溯至(＝date from) [43] all over the UK 全英国 all over China全中国 [44] fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 [45] keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 [46]be surprised to do sth.很惊奇地做某事 [原文呈现] WHAT'S IN A NAME? The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by[1] what these different names mean 【1】. So what is the difference between them, if any[2]？ Getting to know a little bit[3] about British history 【2】 will help you solve this puzzle[4]. 【1】what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。 【2】此处是动词-ing短语作主语。 In the 16th century, the nearby[5] country of Wales[6] was joined to[7] the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland[8] was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added[9] to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from[10] the UK, which resulted in[11] the full name we have today 【3】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[12]. Most people just use the shortened[13] name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as[14] Britain or Great Britain. 【3】此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。其中“we have today”是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。 The four countries that belong[15] to the United Kingdom 【4】 work together in some areas[16]. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【5】， as well as[17] share the same currency[18] and military[19] defence[20]. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems[21] and legal[22] systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 【4】此处是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰The four countries, that在从句中作主语。 【5】此处作后置定语，修饰the same flag。 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded[23] by evidence[24] of four different groups of people who took over[25] at different times throughout[26] history. The first group, the Romans[27]【6】， came in the first century. Some of their great achievements[28] included building[29] towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons[30] arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language[31], and changed the way people built houses 【7】. The Vikings[32] came in the eighth century, left behind[33] lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations[34] across the UK. The last group were the Normans[35]. They conquered[36] England after the well-known Battle of Hastings[37] in the 11th century. They had castles built 【8】 all around England, and made changes[38] to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into[39] the English language. 【6】此处作The first group的同位语。 【7】此处是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way, that或in which在从句中作方式状语。 【8】此处是“have sth. done”结构，意为“让某事被做”。 There is so much more to learn 【9】 about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable【10】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port[40] city that has a history dating all the way[41] back to[42] Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK[43]. The UK is a fascinating[44] mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open[45], you will be surprised to[46] find that you can see both its past and its present. 【9】此处是“There be＋主语＋to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。 【10】Studying the history of the country是动词-ing短语作主语。make your visit much more enjoyable是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 [课文翻译] 名为何物？ 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是什么意思，许多人对此感到困惑。那么，如果有(区别)的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，这导致了我们今天有了英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样的货币和军事国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ 联合王国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，这可以帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和修建道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国，他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个族群是诺曼人。在十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英国各地修建城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。诺曼人即为法国人，因此许多法语单词慢慢成了英语的一部分。 英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的 ,历史，将使你的英国之旅更加愉快。首都伦敦就是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗迹数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的古文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。 第二遍　精读提素养　 步骤一先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么　 The text is mainly about ________. A．learning about British English B．the origin of the British name C．learning about a country through its history D．the geography of the United Kingdom 步骤二再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的　 阅读文章第一、二段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)What happened in the 19th century? A．The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. B．The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. C．The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. D．The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK. (2)True (T) or false (F)． ①All people are confused by what these different names mean.( ) ②Getting to know a little bit about British history will be helpful.( ) ③In the 18th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.( ) 2．表达的技巧 (1)第2行中使用形容词confused，准确表达出人们对英国不同名称的困惑；第4行中用了省略句if any，使句子简洁、紧凑、重点突出、表达有力，并起到了引起下文的作用。 试翻译下面的句子： Correct mistakes, if any. (2)第15行中的resulted in用词精妙、贴切；第16行中以及第18行中还用了冒号，起到了解释说明的作用，使句意更加丰富。试翻译下面的句子： This can result in better performance. 阅读文章第三、四段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)Which of the following is the different area of the four countries? A．Flag.　　　　　　　 B．Currency. C．Military defence. D．Legal systems. (2)Who conquered England after the well­known Battle of Hastings? A．The Romans. B．The Anglo­Saxons. C．The Normans. D．The Vikings. (3)Why is each part of the UK called “a country”？ 2．表达的技巧 (1)第三段使用了as well as, also, even等衔接过渡语，使句子层次清晰，衔接紧密；且第33行中用了感叹号，表达了强烈的感情色彩。 试写出下列各句中as well as的含义： ①She can play tennis as well as basketball. ②This will mean trouble as well as a waste of money. ③The child is lively as well as healthy. ④As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting. (2)第37行中使用Almost，突出了在英国到处都可以看到四个不同民族留下的痕迹。第54行中使用slowly强调了法语词汇融入英语的过程。 阅读文章第五段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)What's the author's attitude towards studying the history? A．Neutral. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. (2)Why should we learn about the history of a country? (3)Why is London a great place to start your visit? 2．表达的技巧 第59行和第67行中使用了“make/keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，既丰富了文章的内容，又增强了文章的可读性。 完成句子： Take my overcoat and 穿上我的大衣，它会让你暖和些。 步骤三读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　 课文标题“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”是特殊疑问句。它既能引起读者思考，又能吸引读者继续探究文章。通过本文的学习，学生既可以了解大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的由来，也能够了解英国形成的历史和一些文化传统。本篇文章的整体写作结构为“总—分—总”，先总述人们对英国为何有很多不同名称的困惑→再分述英国社会的历史发展进程→最后总结学习历史对深入了解一个国家的重要意义。 阅读技巧：阅读以时间顺序组织的说明文时，读者可以抓住文中表示时间的线索词，并把它们做成时间轴线，然后把时间与对应的事件联系起来，这样就能快速地理解文章了。 ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 重点词汇1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 [教材原句]　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 【归纳总结】 (1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索 (2)a puzzle to sb 一件让某人感到困惑的事情 (3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情等) be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 (4)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物) 【写作运用】How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists find hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们觉得难以解决的最大疑惑之一。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Where the virus came from was a puzzle the scientists. ②When the little girl was asked such a question，she stood there with a look on her face.(puzzle) ③People have long puzzled how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. 补全句子 ④You their meanings if you don’t learn about the background of these Tang poems. 如果你不了解这些唐诗的写作背景，你可能会对它们的含义感到很困惑。 [名师提醒]　puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。 重点词汇2．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应 [教材原句]　The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。 【归纳总结】 (1)belong to　属于 (2)belongings n. 财产，所有物；相关事物 【写作运用】Don’t give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①In my opinion，you’d better put the book it belongs. ②Having sold most of his (belong)，he almost had nothing left in the house. ③A tiger is a large fierce animal which belongs to the cat family. →A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family. 补全句子 ④As a science student，I’ve been reviewing Chinese，maths，English，physics，chemistry and biology ， ． 作为一名理科学生，我一直在复习语文、数学、英语、物理、化学和生物，这些都属于高考科目。 [注意 ]　“belong to”中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。该短语常使用其现在分词形式作后置定语。 重点词汇3．surround vt.围绕；包围 [教材原句]　Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 【归纳总结】 (1)surround...with...　用……把……围住 be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 【写作运用】The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fence. 这只饥饿的熊闻着来到我们的营地，营地被高高的铁丝栅栏包围着。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Surrounding yourself people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial. ②The village (surround) by the forest，and looks very beautiful. ③In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new (surround) soon. [写作运用] 把②改为“分词短语作状语＋句子”的形式 ④ ， . 重点词汇4．break away(from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 [教材原句]　Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 【归纳总结】 break down　出故障；失败；垮掉；分解 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) break up 解体；分拆；驱散；分手 【写作运用】Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且不再与他们联系是多么地傻。 【牛刀小试】选用上述短语填空 ①It was the fact that his car on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting. ②He was charging his mobile phone when the fire ． ③She is trying to the bad habits，which makes her parents happy. 词汇升级 ④The elevator didn’t work and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. →The elevator and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. 重点词汇5．as well as同(一样也)；和；还 [教材原句]　They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即大家都熟悉的米字旗。 【归纳总结】 (1)as well as在功能上相当于介词，后接名词或动名词，尤其位于句首时，相当于besides，in addition to。 (2)as well as在功能上相当于连词，连接两个相同的成分。连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 (3)as well as用于同级比较，意为：和……一样好。 【写作运用 】We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries. 我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/补全句子 ①English，as well as Chinese and maths， (be) of great importance. ②She is a talented musician as well as (be) a photographer. ③I have a good command of English in being a volunteer.我英语学得很好，也有做志愿者的丰富经验。 词汇升级 ④Besides his intelligence，he was tirelessly industrious. 重点词汇6．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电 [教材原句]　Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square，where we could get our car battery charged.朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给车充电。 【归纳总结】 (1)charge sb for sth为……向某人收取费用 charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事 (2)take charge of 掌管/负责…… in charge of 控制/管理…… in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责 in charge 负责；主管 free of charge＝for free 免费 【写作运用】The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①We won’t charge delivery if you pay now. ②Officially he is charge，but in fact his secretary does all the work. ③The house has been in the charge of Mr.Bell for more than a year. →Mr.Bell has been the house for more than a year. 补全句子 ④Thirdly，I wonder how much you the six－week course.第三，我想知道你六周的课程要收多少钱。 [注意]　in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of，in the possession of; in control of，in the control of。 重点词汇7．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称；预示 [教材原句]　When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides，we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.最后，当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时，我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。 【拓展】 (1)announce sth to sb＝announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事 It is/was announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 通知；通告 make an announcement 发布宣告或通知 【写作运用】　It’s my great honor to announce that I am running for chairman of the Students’ Union.我很荣幸地宣布我将竞选学生会主席。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/语境辨义 ①The government announced the media the plan to develop a new project. ②At the end of the meeting，it __ (announce) that an agreement had been reached. ③The first few leaves on the ground announced the beginning of autumn. 翻译句子 ④请大家注意。我要宣布一个通知。 __ __ __ [注意]　announce后不接双宾语，常用于announce sth to sb结构，用法类似的动词还有suggest，explain等。 重点词汇8．amount n．金额；数量 [教材原句]　We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.我们发现自己被这么多游客和国家美术馆入口处大量的噪音惊呆了。 【归纳总结】 (1)许多/大(少)量…… (2) the amount of...　　……的数量 【写作运用】Lots of students in our class spend a large amount of time doing homework，but show little interest in physical exercise and after－class activities.我们班很多学生花大量的时间做作业，却对体育锻炼和课外活动不感兴趣。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①A good amount of sleep every night (be) important for your health. ②Large amounts of money (spend) on the bridge last year. 补全句子 ③As we all know，people consume a large quantity of energy and resources and ． 众所周知，人们消耗了大量的能源和资源，造成了巨大的污染。 [注意]　表示“许多/大量……”的短语大集合： (1)a number of只接可数名词复数。 (2)a great deal of，a great amount of (large amounts of)只接不可数名词。 (3)a lot of (lots of)，plenty of，a large quantity of (large quantities of) 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 重点词汇9．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 [教材原句]　Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers.It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.朱迪注视着梵高的《向日葵》，但很难接近这幅画，因为周围有那么多人。 【归纳总结】 (1)an approach to...　接近；近似；……的方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 (2)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物 be approaching 正在/将要接近 【写作运用】　As Teachers’ Day was approaching，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate it. 随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ① (approach) the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. ②All the (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday. ③The job market has changed and our approaches to (find) work must change as well. 词汇/句式升级 ④As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near，some students are getting more and more nervous. → , some students are getting more and more nervous.(with 复合结构) [注意]　an approach to中的to为介词，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词。 重点词汇10．eager adj.渴望的；热切的 [教材原句]　I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...我渴望/惊讶地看到/得知/听到…… 【归纳总结】 (1)be eager to do sth　　渴望做某事 be eager for sth 渴望得到…… (2)eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地 【写作运用】　And I remember you have been eager to visit such an exhibition.Now comes the chance. 我记得你一直渴望参观这样的展览。现在机会来了。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①He has made donations to orphans who are eager success through learning. ②Some volunteers are eager (live) on the Mars. ③“So what do you think will happen？” he asked (eager)． 补全句子 ④Hearing that for college education，I can’t wait to show my warm welcome. 听到你渴望来中国接受大学教育，我表示热烈欢迎。 [注意]　表示“渴望/盼望做某事”表达还有：be anxious to do sth，be desperate to do sth，long to do sth，desire to do sth，look forward to doing sth等。 重点词汇11．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤 [教材原句]　Dave could not find a seat in the room.It was very crowded.戴夫不能在屋子里找到座位，太挤了。 【归纳总结】 (1)a crowd of　一群…… crowds of 成群…… (2)crowd in on sb (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 crowd into one’s mind 涌入某人的脑海 (3)crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满的；充满的 be crowded with 挤满……；充满着…… 【写作运用】A crowd of children were passing my house，singing and laughing.一群孩子唱着笑着经过了我的房子。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in her. ②After seeing the report，problems about the company crowded my mind. ③The room was crowded his friends. 补全句子 ④More and more vehicles，as well as pedestrians， ．越来越多的车辆和行人使道路拥挤不堪。 重点句式12．Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　动名词短语Getting to know a little bit about British history在句中作主语。 (1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 (2)动名词作主语时谓语动词常常使用第三人称单数。 (3)动名词作主语可以用it作形式主语，常见句型有： ·It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/是在浪费时间。 ·It is useless/worthwhile doing sth做某事是没有用的/是值得的。 【写作运用】Communicating on WeChat is a common phenomenon，and more people hardly write letters. 通过微信进行交流是一个普遍的现象，更多的人几乎不写信。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ① (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. ②It’s no use (cry) over spilt milk. 补全句子 ③ enables me to get along well with others.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 作为一个外向的学生，我能和别人相处得很好。 重点句式13．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们(在英格兰)四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 (1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做) (2)遭遇某种不幸的事情 【写作运用】 I intended to take up a part－time job，through which I can have my horizons broadened.我打算做兼职工作，通过它可以扩大我的视野。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①The patient is going to have his temperature (take)． ②I usually have my clothes (wash) on Sundays. ③She had her wallet (steal) on her way home yesterday. 用“have sth done”结构改写句子 ④Unfortunately，his right leg was injured during the training. → . 考点句式14．Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 (1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。 (2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。 【写作运用】Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①He couldn’t make himself (hear) above the noise of the traffic. ②People in the West make it a rule (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. ③The police made them stand up against the wall.→They were made by the police against the wall. 补全句子 ④There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance，which will ．毫无疑问，你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这样课程就能够顺利进行。 [名师提醒]　make sb do sth结构变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to要补上。 重点句式15.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　with复合结构在句中作状语或定语 with＋宾语＋宾补 【写作运用】　About two hours later，with our baskets full，we went out，wearing tired but satisfied expressions. 大约两个小时后，我们带着满篮子的东西，带着疲惫但满意的表情走了出去。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①With a guide (show) us around the scenic spots，we’re sure to have a good time. ②With more and more forests (damage)，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. ③With several problems (remain) to be solved，we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible. 用with复合结构改写句子 ④Because the key was lost，he had to wait outside the door. → . [名师提醒]　当with后的宾语和作宾补的动词之间是主谓关系时，常用v.－ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则常用v.－ed形式；不定式表示将来发生的动作。 一、单词拼写 1．In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements (定制) to specific needs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 2．The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in (防御) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 3．The exhibition turned out to be a great success with all teachers and students (参与) actively. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 4．With the Qixi festival (走近，靠近), many shops are selling flowers and gifts. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 5．Writing your goals on paper will keep you (提醒) of what you are working for and keep you focused. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 6．A huge (人群) gathered in a square outside the Kremlin walls. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 7．With his attention (集中) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 8．Children under 12 years (由……陪同) by an adult are admitted free. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 9．The lack of masks and protective clothing made the medical workers (暴露) to the virus. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 10．They are getting a phone (安装) in the apartment next week. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 11．The responsibility for this project should (属于) to the entire team. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 12．The old man who is willing to help the poor is very (慷慨的).（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 13．They were only too (热切的) to help us. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 14．We built the house on land (继承) from our uncle. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 15．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be (围绕，包围) by four different groups of people. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 16．He was standing there, with his eyes (聚焦的)on the painting. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 17．People (上瘾的) to on-line games are facing many health problems. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 18．They tried boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid (获得) from this to treat malaria. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 19．The volunteers rushed to help those (受伤的) in the accident. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 20．In order for their computers to trace a person’s records, they need both the name and address of the (个人). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 21．We are pleased to find that the competition is open to both teams and (个人) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 22．The idea that you should treat others as you would like them to treat you is a fine (人生哲学) of life. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 23．Extensive reading in his childhood made the boy (接触) to classic Chinese culture. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 24．She applied for the (职位) of project manager. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 25．The exhibition, (资助) by the local government, will illustrate how life evolved from water. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 二、语法填空 1．In my daily life, I always want things (do) quickly.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Einstein, (commit) to exploring the mysteries of the universe, made significant contributions to physics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The ideas and technologies (employ) to protect the ancient caves offer valuable insights for tourism development. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The poem (entitle) “The Road Not Taken” is considered one of Robert Frost’s most popular works. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The beautiful painting, (make) up of vivid colors and delicate brushstrokes, attracts many viewers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Things were swept away by huge waves (cause) by the strong earthquake that had reached a magnitude of 9.0. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The widely scientist received a medal in of his outstanding contributions to the field of science. (acknowledge) (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine (combine) with modern cooking methods. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Tai Chi deeply (root) in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang gains great popularity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．He came up with an idea for the magazine (target) at school kids. （所给词的适当形式填空） 11．A (generosity) person gives more of something, especially money. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible in the past, are now very common. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．This magazine, (found) in 1981, is one of the most successful and popular magazines. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．My friend used to dislike the smell of cilantro, so finding himself to it because of the beef noodle soup would definitely be the last thing he wants to admit. (attract) (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The TV series (base) on Li Juan’s award-winning essay collection “My Altay” has boosted tourism in Xinjiang. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．The company, (locate) in the center of the city, mainly dealt with machine maintenance and repair. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Having spent three years writing “The Vegetarian”, Han Kang found herself still (attach) to that story. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18． (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．The report (base) on last year’s research provides valuable insights for future planning. （所给词的适当形式填空） 20．With all his attention (concentrate) on the computer games he was playing, he didn’t notice his mother enter the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．I’d like to thank everyone (concern) for making the occasion run so smoothly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．The closing ceremony of the Olympics follows 17 days of frequently breathtaking sporting action (set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks from the Eiffel Tower to the Chateau de Versailles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．They agree to form a council (compose) of leaders of different parties. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．With the new year (approach), the-streets, filled with decorations, created a festive atmosphere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．Bruce read a book (entitle) “Salt”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．When he eventually passed the milky white waterfalls and blue mountains which (surround) by soft clouds, his breath was taken away by the greatest artist on earth - Mother Nature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．It’s important to have your eyes (examine) regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29．In the middle of the crowded city, she suddenly found herself (leave) alone, feeling small and out of place. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．With his attention (focus) on the computer game, he didn’t notice that I called him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 31．When did you have your house (paint)? (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．Chinese Calligraphy is one of the courses (offer) to students who are interested. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．By means of the mass media, many (advertise) products have entered every household. （所给词的适当形式填空） 34．My brother is studying in the school (attach) to the college nearby. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．The book (write) by Mo Yan is very popular. （所给词的适当形式填空） 三、翻译 1．玛丽迫不及待地要使用刚下载的软件。(make use of) (汉译英) 2．有时，为了减轻学习带来的压力，他会选择去健身房锻炼。（stress，work out）（汉译英） 3．课堂上，我们轮流发言，确保每个人的意见被听取。(turn) (汉译英) 4．从这首古诗我们可以了解到，尽管诗人身处逆境，却始终保持积极乐观的人生态度。(glimpse n.) （汉译英） 5．出发去目的地之前，请把货币换成美元。（exchange) (汉译英) 6．把他的钱捐给有需要的人给他带来成就感。（汉译英） 7．这篇知名网红撰写的文章里，错误比比皆是，但该文因一个细节而深深印入我脑海。(by virtue of) (汉译英) 8．最后，你们会发现自己逐渐全面成长。（find) （汉译英） 9．他如此渴望探索新事物，以至于对与物理有关的一切都很好奇。(so... that...) (汉译英) 10．这款新发布的电子产品在耐用性上比竞争对手的差得多。（inferior）（汉译英） ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修二UNIT 4 History and Traditions（学案） Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 人教版高中英语必修第二册《UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS》是一个深刻挖掘历史与传统精髓的单元，它不仅是一次语言学习的旅程，更是一场跨文化探索的盛宴。本单元精心设计了一系列多样化的教学活动，旨在引领学生跨越时空的界限，深入了解不同国家和地区的历史文化、传统习俗及其深厚的文化底蕴，从而在提升学生语言运用能力的同时，也增强了他们的跨文化意识和社会责任感。       一、语言能力 听 能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。能够准确理解听力文本内容。 说 能够在日常交际中自然得体地表达兴奋、惊讶、失望等情感。 读 阅读记述英国历史及地理概况的说明性文本，有效获取和梳理信息。阅读和理解景物描写文段所蕴含的深层含义和作者情感，分析其语言特征和修辞手法。 写 能够对熟悉地点的景物等进行比较生动、细致的描写。 看 能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息。 二、学习能力 1．平时能够注意积累英语习语；在听的过程中，能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。 2．在阅读中，能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息，以提高读图的能力。 三、文化意识 1．了解中国、英国、俄罗斯、爱尔兰、巴西、希腊、埃及等多个国家的悠久历史和文化传统。 2．在了解的基础上，积极思考历史、文化和传统的重要性及现实意义。 四、思维品质 在理解听力、阅读文本的基础上，能够结合自己的生活和学习需要及相关历史文化知识等，观察和分析语言和文化现象，了解相关国家悠久历史和特色传统的文化内涵和现实意义，思考历史与现实的辩证关系。 01-核心词形拓展 1．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→convenience n．方便→inconvenience n．不便 1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的 2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的 3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 4．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境 5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的 6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现 7．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找……的位置 8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的 9．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员 10．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称) 11．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工 12．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 02-重点词块闪记 1． join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 2． break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3． belong to 属于 4． As well as 同(一样也)；和；还 5． keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 6． result in 导致；造成 7． be referred to as 被称为；被认为 8． leave behind 留下；丢弃 9． have an influence on sth 对……有影响 10． have a long history of 有着……年悠久历史 11． a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴 12． (be) dotted with... 布满；点缀 13． make up 组成 14． more than 很；非常 15．be likely to do sth 可能做某事 15． 03-重点句型 1．省略句式 So what is the difference between them，if any? 2．动名词短语作主语 Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 3．the way作先行词，后跟省略了that/in which引导的定语从句 They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses． 4．have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语) They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 5．make＋宾语＋宾补 Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable． 1．现在分词短语作状语 Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses． 2．with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle． 3．It is/was＋n./adj.＋to do/that从句 With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. ( 1 语篇研读 ) [读文清障] [1] be confused by 对……感到困惑 [2] if any如果有什么的话 if so如果这/那样的话 [3] a little bit 一点儿 [4] puzzle/'pʌzl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt.迷惑；使困惑 solve a puzzle解决难题 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 [5] nearby/ˌnɪə'baɪ/adj.附近的；邻近的　adv.在附近 [6] Wales/weɪlz/威尔士(英国) [7] join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 join sb. in doing sth. 加入某人一起做某事 [8] Scotland/'skɒtˌlənd/苏格兰(英国) [9] add v．增加，增添 [10] break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 [11] result in导致 result from由于 [12] Northern Ireland/ˌnɔːðn'aɪələnd/北爱尔兰(英国) [13] shorten vt.缩短 -en是动词后缀，意为“使具有某种特性” [14] refer to... as... 把……称 为…… [15] belong to 属于 belong/bɪ'lɒŋ/vi.应在(某处)；适应 [16] area n．领域，方面[熟词生义]field n．领域 [17] as well as同(一样也)；和；还 as well as用于连接两个并列成分 as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语一致 [18] currency/'kʌrənsi/n.通货；货币 [19] military/'mɪlətri/adj.军事的；军用的 [20] defence/dɪ'fens/n.防御；保卫 [21] education system 教育体制 [22] legal/'liːɡl/adj.法律的；合法的 illegal adj.不合法的；非法的 illegally adv.不合法地；非法地 [23] surround/sə'raʊnd/vt.围绕；包围 be surrounded by被……包围 [24] evidence/'evidəns/n.证据；证明 [25] take over 接管，掌管 [26] throughout prep.贯穿，遍及 [27] Roman/'rəʊmən/adj.古罗马的；罗马的　n．古罗马人；罗马市民 [28] achievement/ə'tʃiːvmənt/n. 成就；成绩；达到 [29] include doing sth.包括做某事 [30] Anglo-Saxon/ˌæŋɡləʊ'sæksn/盎格鲁—撒克逊人 [31] the English language英语 the Chinese language汉语 [32] Viking/'vaɪkɪŋ/n.维京人；北欧海盗 [33] leave behind留下 [34] location/ləʊ'keɪʃn/n.地方；地点；位置 [35] Norman/'nɔːmən/adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的 the Normans诺曼人 [36] conquer/'kɒŋkə(r)/vt.占领；征服；控制 [37] Battle of Hastings/'heɪstɪŋz/黑斯廷斯战役 battle/'bætl/n.战役；搏斗　 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 [38] make changes 进行变更；做出改变 [39] enter into 成为……的一部分；进入 [40] port/pɔːt/n.港口(城市) [41] all the way 一直 [42] date back to 追溯至(＝date from) [43] all over the UK 全英国 all over China全中国 [44] fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 [45] keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 [46]be surprised to do sth.很惊奇地做某事 [原文呈现] WHAT'S IN A NAME? The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by[1] what these different names mean 【1】. So what is the difference between them, if any[2]？ Getting to know a little bit[3] about British history 【2】 will help you solve this puzzle[4]. 【1】what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。 【2】此处是动词-ing短语作主语。 In the 16th century, the nearby[5] country of Wales[6] was joined to[7] the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland[8] was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added[9] to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from[10] the UK, which resulted in[11] the full name we have today 【3】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[12]. Most people just use the shortened[13] name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as[14] Britain or Great Britain. 【3】此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。其中“we have today”是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。 The four countries that belong[15] to the United Kingdom 【4】 work together in some areas[16]. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【5】， as well as[17] share the same currency[18] and military[19] defence[20]. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems[21] and legal[22] systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 【4】此处是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰The four countries, that在从句中作主语。 【5】此处作后置定语，修饰the same flag。 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded[23] by evidence[24] of four different groups of people who took over[25] at different times throughout[26] history. The first group, the Romans[27]【6】， came in the first century. Some of their great achievements[28] included building[29] towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons[30] arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language[31], and changed the way people built houses 【7】. The Vikings[32] came in the eighth century, left behind[33] lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations[34] across the UK. The last group were the Normans[35]. They conquered[36] England after the well-known Battle of Hastings[37] in the 11th century. They had castles built 【8】 all around England, and made changes[38] to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into[39] the English language. 【6】此处作The first group的同位语。 【7】此处是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way, that或in which在从句中作方式状语。 【8】此处是“have sth. done”结构，意为“让某事被做”。 There is so much more to learn 【9】 about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable【10】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port[40] city that has a history dating all the way[41] back to[42] Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK[43]. The UK is a fascinating[44] mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open[45], you will be surprised to[46] find that you can see both its past and its present. 【9】此处是“There be＋主语＋to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。 【10】Studying the history of the country是动词-ing短语作主语。make your visit much more enjoyable是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 [课文翻译] 名为何物？ 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是什么意思，许多人对此感到困惑。那么，如果有(区别)的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，这导致了我们今天有了英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样的货币和军事国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ 联合王国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，这可以帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和修建道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国，他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个族群是诺曼人。在十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英国各地修建城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。诺曼人即为法国人，因此许多法语单词慢慢成了英语的一部分。 英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的 ,历史，将使你的英国之旅更加愉快。首都伦敦就是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗迹数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的古文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。 第二遍　精读提素养　 步骤一先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么　 The text is mainly about ________. A．learning about British English B．the origin of the British name C．learning about a country through its history D．the geography of the United Kingdom 答案：C 步骤二再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的　 阅读文章第一、二段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)What happened in the 19th century? A．The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. B．The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. C．The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. D．The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK. 答案：C (2)True (T) or false (F)． ①All people are confused by what these different names mean.(F) ②Getting to know a little bit about British history will be helpful.(T) ③In the 18th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.(F) 2．表达的技巧 (1)第2行中使用形容词confused，准确表达出人们对英国不同名称的困惑；第4行中用了省略句if any，使句子简洁、紧凑、重点突出、表达有力，并起到了引起下文的作用。 试翻译下面的句子： Correct mistakes, if any. 如果有错，请改正。 (2)第15行中的resulted in用词精妙、贴切；第16行中以及第18行中还用了冒号，起到了解释说明的作用，使句意更加丰富。试翻译下面的句子： This can result in better performance. 这能产生较好的性能。 阅读文章第三、四段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)Which of the following is the different area of the four countries? A．Flag.　　　　　　　 B．Currency. C．Military defence. D．Legal systems. (2)Who conquered England after the well­known Battle of Hastings? A．The Romans. B．The Anglo­Saxons. C．The Normans. D．The Vikings. 答案：(1)D　(2)C (3)Why is each part of the UK called “a country”？ Although_they_cooperate_in_some_areas,_they_have_many_differences,_including_education_systems，legal_systems_and_so_on. 2．表达的技巧 (1)第三段使用了as well as, also, even等衔接过渡语，使句子层次清晰，衔接紧密；且第33行中用了感叹号，表达了强烈的感情色彩。 试写出下列各句中as well as的含义： ①She can play tennis as well as basketball.也；和 ②This will mean trouble as well as a waste of money.还 ③The child is lively as well as healthy.又 ④As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting.除……之外 (2)第37行中使用Almost，突出了在英国到处都可以看到四个不同民族留下的痕迹。第54行中使用slowly强调了法语词汇融入英语的过程。 阅读文章第五段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)What's the author's attitude towards studying the history? A．Neutral. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 答案：C (2)Why should we learn about the history of a country? Because_studying_the_history_of_a_country_will_help_solve_your_puzzle_and_make_your_visit_much_more_enjoyable. (3)Why is London a great place to start your visit? Because_it_is_an_ancient_port_city_that_has_a_history_dating_all_the_way_back_to_Roman_times. 2．表达的技巧 第59行和第67行中使用了“make/keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，既丰富了文章的内容，又增强了文章的可读性。 完成句子： Take my overcoat and it_will_keep_you_warm. 穿上我的大衣，它会让你暖和些。 步骤三读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　 课文标题“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”是特殊疑问句。它既能引起读者思考，又能吸引读者继续探究文章。通过本文的学习，学生既可以了解大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的由来，也能够了解英国形成的历史和一些文化传统。本篇文章的整体写作结构为“总—分—总”，先总述人们对英国为何有很多不同名称的困惑→再分述英国社会的历史发展进程→最后总结学习历史对深入了解一个国家的重要意义。 阅读技巧：阅读以时间顺序组织的说明文时，读者可以抓住文中表示时间的线索词，并把它们做成时间轴线，然后把时间与对应的事件联系起来，这样就能快速地理解文章了。 ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 重点词汇1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 [教材原句]　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 【归纳总结】 (1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索 (2)a puzzle to sb 一件让某人感到困惑的事情 (3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情等) be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 (4)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物) 【写作运用】How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists find hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们觉得难以解决的最大疑惑之一。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Where the virus came from was a puzzle to the scientists. ②When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question，she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle) ③People have long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. 补全句子 ④You will be puzzled about their meanings if you don’t learn about the background of these Tang poems. 如果你不了解这些唐诗的写作背景，你可能会对它们的含义感到很困惑。 [名师提醒]　puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。 重点词汇2．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应 [教材原句]　The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。 【归纳总结】 (1)belong to　属于 (2)belongings n. 财产，所有物；相关事物 【写作运用】Don’t give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①In my opinion，you’d better put the book where it belongs. ②Having sold most of his belongings (belong)，he almost had nothing left in the house. ③A tiger is a large fierce animal which belongs to the cat family. →A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging to the cat family. 补全句子 ④As a science student，I’ve been reviewing Chinese，maths，English，physics，chemistry and biology，which all belong to the College Entrance Examination subjects． 作为一名理科学生，我一直在复习语文、数学、英语、物理、化学和生物，这些都属于高考科目。 [注意 ]　“belong to”中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。该短语常使用其现在分词形式作后置定语。 重点词汇3．surround vt.围绕；包围 [教材原句]　Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 【归纳总结】 (1)surround...with...　用……把……围住 be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 【写作运用】The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fence. 这只饥饿的熊闻着来到我们的营地，营地被高高的铁丝栅栏包围着。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial. ②The village is surrounded (surround) by the forest，and looks very beautiful. ③In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings (surround) soon. [写作运用] 把②改为“分词短语作状语＋句子”的形式 ④Surrounded by the forest，the village looks very beautiful. 重点词汇4．break away(from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 [教材原句]　Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 【归纳总结】 break down　出故障；失败；垮掉；分解 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) break up 解体；分拆；驱散；分手 【写作运用】Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且不再与他们联系是多么地傻。 【牛刀小试】选用上述短语填空 ①It was the fact that his car broke down on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting. ②He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke out． ③She is trying to break away from the bad habits，which makes her parents happy. 词汇升级 ④The elevator didn’t work and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. →The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. 重点词汇5．as well as同(一样也)；和；还 [教材原句]　They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即大家都熟悉的米字旗。 【归纳总结】 (1)as well as在功能上相当于介词，后接名词或动名词，尤其位于句首时，相当于besides，in addition to。 (2)as well as在功能上相当于连词，连接两个相同的成分。连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 (3)as well as用于同级比较，意为：和……一样好。 【写作运用 】We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries. 我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/补全句子 ①English，as well as Chinese and maths，is (be) of great importance. ②She is a talented musician as well as being (be) a photographer. ③I have a good command of English as well as rich experience in being a volunteer.我英语学得很好，也有做志愿者的丰富经验。 词汇升级 ④Besides his intelligence，he was tirelessly industrious. 重点词汇6．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电 [教材原句]　Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square，where we could get our car battery charged.朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给车充电。 【归纳总结】 (1)charge sb for sth为……向某人收取费用 charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事 (2)take charge of 掌管/负责…… in charge of 控制/管理…… in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责 in charge 负责；主管 free of charge＝for free 免费 【写作运用】The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①We won’t charge for delivery if you pay now. ②Officially he is in charge，but in fact his secretary does all the work. ③The house has been in the charge of Mr.Bell for more than a year. →Mr.Bell has been in charge of the house for more than a year. 补全句子 ④Thirdly，I wonder how much you will charge us for the six－week course.第三，我想知道你六周的课程要收多少钱。 [注意]　in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of，in the possession of; in control of，in the control of。 重点词汇7．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称；预示 [教材原句]　When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides，we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.最后，当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时，我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。 【拓展】 (1)announce sth to sb＝announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事 It is/was announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 通知；通告 make an announcement 发布宣告或通知 【写作运用】　It’s my great honor to announce that I am running for chairman of the Students’ Union.我很荣幸地宣布我将竞选学生会主席。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/语境辨义 ①The government announced to the media the plan to develop a new project. ②At the end of the meeting，it was__announced (announce) that an agreement had been reached. ③The first few leaves on the ground announced the beginning of autumn.预示 翻译句子 ④请大家注意。我要宣布一个通知。 Attention，please.I have an announcement to make. [注意]　announce后不接双宾语，常用于announce sth to sb结构，用法类似的动词还有suggest，explain等。 重点词汇8．amount n．金额；数量 [教材原句]　We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.我们发现自己被这么多游客和国家美术馆入口处大量的噪音惊呆了。 【归纳总结】 (1)许多/大(少)量…… (2) the amount of...　　……的数量 【写作运用】Lots of students in our class spend a large amount of time doing homework，but show little interest in physical exercise and after－class activities.我们班很多学生花大量的时间做作业，却对体育锻炼和课外活动不感兴趣。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①A good amount of sleep every night is (be) important for your health. ②Large amounts of money were spent (spend) on the bridge last year. 补全句子 ③As we all know，people consume a large quantity of energy and resources and create a huge amount of pollution．众所周知，人们消耗了大量的能源和资源，造成了巨大的污染。 [注意]　表示“许多/大量……”的短语大集合： (1)a number of只接可数名词复数。 (2)a great deal of，a great amount of (large amounts of)只接不可数名词。 (3)a lot of (lots of)，plenty of，a large quantity of (large quantities of) 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 重点词汇9．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 [教材原句]　Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers.It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.朱迪注视着梵高的《向日葵》，但很难接近这幅画，因为周围有那么多人。 【归纳总结】 (1)an approach to...　接近；近似；……的方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 (2)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物 be approaching 正在/将要接近 【写作运用】　As Teachers’ Day was approaching，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate it. 随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Approaching (approach) the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. ②All the approaches (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday. ③The job market has changed and our approaches to finding (find) work must change as well. 词汇/句式升级 ④As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near，some students are getting more and more nervous. →With the College Entrance Examination approaching/around the corner, some students are getting more and more nervous.(with 复合结构) [注意]　an approach to中的to为介词，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词。 重点词汇10．eager adj.渴望的；热切的 [教材原句]　I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...我渴望/惊讶地看到/得知/听到…… 【归纳总结】 (1)be eager to do sth　　渴望做某事 be eager for sth 渴望得到…… (2)eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地 【写作运用】　And I remember you have been eager to visit such an exhibition.Now comes the chance. 我记得你一直渴望参观这样的展览。现在机会来了。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①He has made donations to orphans who are eager for success through learning. ②Some volunteers are eager to live (live) on the Mars. ③“So what do you think will happen？” he asked eagerly (eager)． 补全句子 ④Hearing that you are eager to come to China for college education，I can’t wait to show my warm welcome. 听到你渴望来中国接受大学教育，我表示热烈欢迎。 [注意]　表示“渴望/盼望做某事”表达还有：be anxious to do sth，be desperate to do sth，long to do sth，desire to do sth，look forward to doing sth等。 重点词汇11．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤 [教材原句]　Dave could not find a seat in the room.It was very crowded.戴夫不能在屋子里找到座位，太挤了。 【归纳总结】 (1)a crowd of　一群…… crowds of 成群…… (2)crowd in on sb (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 crowd into one’s mind 涌入某人的脑海 (3)crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满的；充满的 be crowded with 挤满……；充满着…… 【写作运用】A crowd of children were passing my house，singing and laughing.一群孩子唱着笑着经过了我的房子。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on her. ②After seeing the report，problems about the company crowded into my mind. ③The room was crowded with his friends. 补全句子 ④More and more vehicles，as well as pedestrians，have made the roads crowded．越来越多的车辆和行人使道路拥挤不堪。 重点句式12．Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　动名词短语Getting to know a little bit about British history在句中作主语。 (1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 (2)动名词作主语时谓语动词常常使用第三人称单数。 (3)动名词作主语可以用it作形式主语，常见句型有： ·It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/是在浪费时间。 ·It is useless/worthwhile doing sth做某事是没有用的/是值得的。 【写作运用】Communicating on WeChat is a common phenomenon，and more people hardly write letters. 通过微信进行交流是一个普遍的现象，更多的人几乎不写信。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①Travelling (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. ②It’s no use crying (cry) over spilt milk. 补全句子 ③Being__an__outgoing__student enables me to get along well with others.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 作为一个外向的学生，我能和别人相处得很好。 重点句式13．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们(在英格兰)四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 (1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做) (2)遭遇某种不幸的事情 【写作运用】 I intended to take up a part－time job，through which I can have my horizons broadened.我打算做兼职工作，通过它可以扩大我的视野。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①The patient is going to have his temperature taken (take)． ②I usually have my clothes washed (wash) on Sundays. ③She had her wallet stolen (steal) on her way home yesterday. 用“have sth done”结构改写句子 ④Unfortunately，his right leg was injured during the training. →Unfortunately，he__had__his__right__leg__injured__during__the__training. 考点句式14．Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 (1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。 (2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。 【写作运用】Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①He couldn’t make himself heard (hear) above the noise of the traffic. ②People in the West make it a rule to__buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. ③The police made them stand up against the wall.→They were made by the police to__stand__up against the wall. 补全句子 ④There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance，which will make__the__class__go__smoothly．毫无疑问，你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这样课程就能够顺利进行。 [名师提醒]　make sb do sth结构变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to要补上。 重点句式15.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 【归纳总结】 [句型公式]　with复合结构在句中作状语或定语 with＋宾语＋宾补 【写作运用】　About two hours later，with our baskets full，we went out，wearing tired but satisfied expressions. 大约两个小时后，我们带着满篮子的东西，带着疲惫但满意的表情走了出去。 【牛刀小试】单句语法填空 ①With a guide to__show (show) us around the scenic spots，we’re sure to have a good time. ②With more and more forests damaged (damage)，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. ③With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved，we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible. 用with复合结构改写句子 ④Because the key was lost，he had to wait outside the door. →With__the__key__lost，he__had__to__wait__outside__the__door. [名师提醒]　当with后的宾语和作宾补的动词之间是主谓关系时，常用v.－ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则常用v.－ed形式；不定式表示将来发生的动作。 一、单词拼写 1．In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements (定制) to specific needs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】customized/tailored 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在未来，广告将更多地涉及了解个体客户，并向他们发送根据特定需求定制的广告。根据汉语提示“定制”可知应用动词 customize，或tailor，此处应用非谓语动词形式，此处与advertisements 与 customize 之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填 customized/tailored。 2．The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in (防御) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】defence/defense 【详解】考查名词。句意：助理一脸惊恐地后退一步，举起双手，似乎在防御。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填defence/defense“防御”，介词后作宾语，用作不可数名词，故填defence/defense。 3．The exhibition turned out to be a great success with all teachers and students (参与) actively. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】participating/involved 【详解】考查动词。句意：本次展览取得了圆满成功，全校师生都积极参与。空处作with复合结构中的宾语补足语，“参与”可用动词participate或involve，participate和all teachers and students逻辑上是主动关系，应用其现在分词形式，involve和all teachers and students逻辑上是被动关系，应用其过去分词形式。故填participating或involved。 4．With the Qixi festival (走近，靠近), many shops are selling flowers and gifts. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着七夕节的临近，许多商店都在出售鲜花和礼物。“走近，靠近”应用动词approach，此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，approach和the Qixi festival逻辑上是主动关系，因此用approach的现在分词形式。故填approaching。 5．Writing your goals on paper will keep you (提醒) of what you are working for and keep you focused. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】reminded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：把你的目标写在纸上会让你想起你在为什么而工作，让你保持专注。根据汉语提示“提醒”可知，此处为动词remind，you和remind为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填reminded。 6．A huge (人群) gathered in a square outside the Kremlin walls. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】crowd 【详解】考查名词。句意：一大群人聚集在克里姆林宫墙外的广场上。此处为名词作主语，表示“人群”为crowd且空前有不定冠词a。故填crowd。 7．With his attention (集中) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】concentrated/focused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他的注意力集中在家庭作业上，他把我告诉他的话全忘了。根据汉语提示“集中”可知，此处为动词concentrate/focus，“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，his attention和concentrate/focus为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填concentrated/focused。 8．Children under 12 years (由……陪同) by an adult are admitted free. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】accompanied 【详解】考查动词。句意：12岁以下的儿童由成人陪同可免费入场。表示“由……陪同”用动词accompany，本句谓语为are admitted，此处为非谓语动词，且Children与accompany为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填accompanied。 9．The lack of masks and protective clothing made the medical workers (暴露) to the virus. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查动词及非谓语动词。句意：缺乏口罩和防护服使医护人员暴露于病毒之中。根据中文提示，“暴露”可以选择动词expose，再根据上下文，工人是被暴露在病毒中，expose和逻辑主语workers呈被动关系，应该用过去分词形式作后置定语，故答案是exposed。 10．They are getting a phone (安装) in the apartment next week. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】installed 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们下星期要在公寓里装一部电话。根据句意及汉语提示，可知为install。分析句子的结构可知，给句为“get+宾语+宾补”的结构，设空处在句中为非谓语，和其逻辑主语a phone之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式作宾补。故填installed。 11．The responsibility for this project should (属于) to the entire team. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】belong 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个项目的责任应该属于整个团队。根据汉语提示“属于”可知，空格处涉及单词“belong”，意为“属于”，动词词性，情态动词“should”后接动词原形。故填belong。 12．The old man who is willing to help the poor is very (慷慨的).（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】generous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位愿意帮助穷人的老人非常慷慨。根据汉语提示和空前is可知，表示“慷慨的”的形容词为generous，作表语。故填generous。 13．They were only too (热切的) to help us. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】eager 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们太渴望帮助我们了。此处为形容词作表语，根据提示的汉语，表示“热切的”为eager。故填eager。 14．We built the house on land (继承) from our uncle. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】inherited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们把房子建在从叔叔那里继承的土地上。动词built为句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，根据汉语提示“继承”可知，此处应填动词inherit，作后置定语，修饰名词land，名词land与动词inherit为动宾关系，需填过去分词。故填inherited。 15．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be (围绕，包围) by four different groups of people. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查语态。句意：在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都会被四种不同的人包围。根据空格前的be动词以及汉语提示“围绕，包围”可知，此处填入过去分词surrounded构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填surrounded。 16．He was standing there, with his eyes (聚焦的)on the painting. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】focused 【详解】考查非谓语。“聚焦”英文为fucus，空处在with的复合宾语结构中作宾补，和宾语“his eyes”构成被动关系，需用其过去分词形式。故填fucused。 17．People (上瘾的) to on-line games are facing many health problems. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】addicted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对网上游戏上瘾的人们正在面对着很多健康问题。分析句子可知，“are facing”为谓语，空处应该作定语修饰People，“对……入迷”可用be addicted to表示，即People与addict之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词形式作定语表被动。故填addicted。 18．They tried boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid (获得) from this to treat malaria. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】obtained 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们尝试煮沸新鲜的苦艾，并使用从中获得的液体来治疗疟疾。本空用动词obtain“获得”，本句谓语为tried，此处为非谓语动词，且liquid与obtain为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填obtained。 19．The volunteers rushed to help those (受伤的) in the accident. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】injured 【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：志愿者们冲过去帮助那些事故中受伤的人。根据汉语提示“受伤的”，且空处与those在逻辑上构成被动关系，故应填过去分词injured作为后置定语修饰those。故填injured。 20．In order for their computers to trace a person’s records, they need both the name and address of the (个人). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】individual 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了让他们的计算机追踪一个人的记录，他们需要该个人的姓名和地址。本空用名词individual“个人”，根据空前的a person’s records可知，用单数形式，作介词of的宾语。故填individual。 21．We are pleased to find that the competition is open to both teams and (个人) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】individuals 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们很高兴地发现，比赛对团队和个人都开放。根据汉语提示，这里应用individual，为可数名词，这里表示泛指，且空前没有表示数量的限定词修饰，所以应用名词复数，作宾语。故填individuals。 22．The idea that you should treat others as you would like them to treat you is a fine (人生哲学) of life. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】philosophy 【详解】考查名词。句意：己所不欲，勿施于人，这是一种很好的人生哲学。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据所给中文提示词，应是philosophy意为“人生哲学”。故填philosophy。 23．Extensive reading in his childhood made the boy (接触) to classic Chinese culture. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：童年时的广泛阅读使这个男孩接触到了中国古典文化。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“接触”应为短语expose ，结合句子结构可知，此处为为非谓语动词作宾补，expose与宾语the boy之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填exposed。 24．She applied for the (职位) of project manager. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】position 【详解】考查名词。句意：她申请了项目经理这个职位。根据空前的the可知，此处要用名词position，职位，在句子中作for的宾语，故填position。 25．The exhibition, (资助) by the local government, will illustrate how life evolved from water. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】sponsored 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该展览由当地政府资助，将说明生命如何从水中演化而来。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词sponsor“资助”，根据句中谓语动词“will illustrate”，可知空格处应用非谓语形式，sponsor与其逻辑主语exhibition为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用过去分词sponsored作后置定语。故填sponsored。 二、语法填空 1．In my daily life, I always want things (do) quickly.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be done /done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的日常生活中，我总是希望事情能快点完成。根据句意可知，“我”是想要让事情被完成，want sth. to be done/done意为“想要某物被……”，因此空格处是to be done或者done，作宾语补足语。故填to be done/done。 2．Einstein, (commit) to exploring the mysteries of the universe, made significant contributions to physics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】committed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：爱因斯坦致力于探索宇宙的奥秘，对物理学作出了重大贡献。句子已有谓语动词made，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，Einstein和commit为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填committed。 3．The ideas and technologies (employ) to protect the ancient caves offer valuable insights for tourism development. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】employed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：用于保护古老洞穴的理念和技术为旅游业发展提供了宝贵的见解。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词。分析句子可知，ideas and technologies是主语，与employ之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填employed。 4．The poem (entitle) “The Road Not Taken” is considered one of Robert Frost’s most popular works. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】entitled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这首题为《未走的路》的诗被认为是罗伯特·弗罗斯特最受欢迎的作品之一。is considered为本句的谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词the poem，作后置定语，动词entitle和名词The poem之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填entitled。 5．The beautiful painting, (make) up of vivid colors and delicate brushstrokes, attracts many viewers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】made 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这幅美丽的画，色彩鲜艳，笔触细腻，吸引了许多观众。此处为非谓语动词作定语，根据be made up of意为“由……构成”可知，此处与被修饰词painting之间为被动关系，所以使用make的过去分词形式made。故填made。 6．Things were swept away by huge waves (cause) by the strong earthquake that had reached a magnitude of 9.0. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】caused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：9.0级强震引发的巨浪冲走了一切。空处需要非谓语动词作定语。该动词和修饰的名词waves之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。 7．The widely scientist received a medal in of his outstanding contributions to the field of science. (acknowledge) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 acknowledged acknowledgement 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：这位受到广泛认可的科学家获得了一枚奖章，以表彰他对科学领域的杰出贡献。acknowledge和scientist之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作定语；第二空作in的宾语，结合of可知应用名词acknowledgement。故填①acknowledged；②acknowledgement。 8．The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine (combine) with modern cooking methods. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】combined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家漂亮的殖民风格房子的菜单上包括与现代烹饪方法相结合的传统泰国菜。“(combine) with modern cooking methods”在句中作后置定语，combine(结合，组合)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Thai cuisine之间为被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作定语。故填combined。 9．Tai Chi deeply (root) in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang gains great popularity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】rooted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：植根于中国阴阳哲学的太极拳受到极大的欢迎。句子谓语动词是gains，所给词“root”只能用非谓语动词，root与逻辑主语Tai Chi之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式rooted，作后置定语，表示“植根于”。故填rooted。 10．He came up with an idea for the magazine (target) at school kids. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】targeted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他想出了一个针对在校学生的杂志的主意。be targeted at“把……作为对象”，固定短语，此处使用过去分词作后置定语，故填targeted。 11．A (generosity) person gives more of something, especially money. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】generous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个慷慨的人给予更多的东西，尤其是钱。空处修饰person，用形容词作定语，generosity对应的形容词为generous（慷慨的）。故填generous。 12．Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible in the past, are now very common. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】considered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多事情，如出国和拥有汽车，过去被认为是不可能的，现在却很常见。句中已有谓语are，空处应使用其非谓语形式，consider（考虑）与其逻辑主语many things是逻辑上的动宾关系，可使用consider过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词“things”。故填considered。 13．This magazine, (found) in 1981, is one of the most successful and popular magazines. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】founded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这本杂志创刊于1981年，是最成功、最受欢迎的杂志之一。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词this magazine，found与所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填founded。 14．My friend used to dislike the smell of cilantro, so finding himself to it because of the beef noodle soup would definitely be the last thing he wants to admit. (attract) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】attracted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的朋友过去不喜欢香菜的味道，所以发现自己因为牛肉面汤而被香菜吸引肯定是他最不愿意承认的事情。空处是宾补，attract和宾语himself之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填attracted。 15．The TV series (base) on Li Juan’s award-winning essay collection “My Altay” has boosted tourism in Xinjiang. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据李娟获奖散文集《我的阿勒泰》改编的电视剧促进了新疆的旅游业。be based on” 表示 “基于；以……为基础”。名词The TV series与 base之间是被动关系，使用过去分词短语 based on作后置定语。故填based。 16．The company, (locate) in the center of the city, mainly dealt with machine maintenance and repair. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】located 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：位于城市中心的这家公司主要处理机器的维护和修复。此处作定语，修饰the company，the company与locate之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填located。 17．Having spent three years writing “The Vegetarian”, Han Kang found herself still (attach) to that story. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：韩江花了三年时间写《素食者》，她发现自己仍然对这个故事念念不忘。句中宾语herself和 attach之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。 18． (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接近市中心时，我们看到一座大约10米高的石像。设空处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语we与approach之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Approaching。 19．The report (base) on last year’s research provides valuable insights for future planning. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这份基于去年研究的报告为未来规划提供了有价值的见解。 be based on为固定搭配，意为“基于”。句子已有谓语provides，故空格处填非谓语，用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。 20．With all his attention (concentrate) on the computer games he was playing, he didn’t notice his mother enter the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】concentrated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他的注意力都集中在电脑游戏上，他没有注意到他妈妈进了房间。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，concentrate和attention之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填concentrated。 21．I’d like to thank everyone (concern) for making the occasion run so smoothly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】concerned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我要感谢所有相关人员使这次活动进行得如此顺利。concern“涉及，牵涉”，动词，和everyone之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填concerned。 22．The closing ceremony of the Olympics follows 17 days of frequently breathtaking sporting action (set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks from the Eiffel Tower to the Chateau de Versailles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】set 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在17天里，令人叹为观止的体育比赛接连上演，从埃菲尔铁塔到凡尔赛宫，这些比赛都以巴黎标志性的地标为背景，之后奥运会闭幕式举行。句中已有谓语动词follows，“(set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks”作后置定语，set(以……为背景)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语action之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填set。 23．They agree to form a council (compose) of leaders of different parties. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】composed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们同意组建一个由不同政党的领导人组成的委员会。be composed of意为“由……组成”，空处需要非谓语动词作定语，所以去掉be动词，剩下过去分词作定语。故填composed。 24．With the new year (approach), the-streets, filled with decorations, created a festive atmosphere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：随着新年的到来，街道上装饰满满，营造了节日的气氛。本句用with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”，且the new year与approach“接近”为主动关系，用现在分词，作宾补。故填approaching。 25．Bruce read a book (entitle) “Salt”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】entitled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：布鲁斯读了一本名为《盐》的书。本句已有谓语动词read，所以entitle用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语book之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填entitled。 26．When he eventually passed the milky white waterfalls and blue mountains which (surround) by soft clouds, his breath was taken away by the greatest artist on earth - Mother Nature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were surrounded 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：当他最终经过被柔和的云环绕的乳白色瀑布和蓝色山脉时，他对地球上最伟大的艺术家--大自然惊叹不已。设空处为which引导的定语从句的谓语，which指代先行词为the milky white waterfalls and blue mountains在从句中作主语，设空处和其主语之间是被动关系，叙述过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时，设空处为一般过去时的被动语态，故填were surrounded。 27．It’s important to have your eyes (examine) regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】examined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期检查眼睛是很重要的，以检查任何可能没有任何症状的眼部疾病的迹象。have sth. done是固定短语，意为“使某物被……”，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作宾补，故填examined。 28．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】created 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：相比之下，“龙”，一个19世纪创造的词，让人想起力量和财富，应该与它的西方表亲区分开来。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语reminds，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰word，word 和create二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语在句中作后置定语。故填created。 29．In the middle of the crowded city, she suddenly found herself (leave) alone, feeling small and out of place. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】left 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在拥挤的城市中心，她突然发现自己独自一人，觉得自己很渺小，格格不入。found后宾语herself 与leave alone之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填left。 30．With his attention (focus) on the computer game, he didn’t notice that I called him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】focused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的注意力都集中在电脑游戏上，没有注意到我打电话给他。此处是with复合结构，attention和focus之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填focused。 31．When did you have your house (paint)? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】painted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你们什么时候刷的房子？have为使役动词，构成“have+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语，该动词和宾语之间为被动关系，所以需要过去分词作宾补。故填painted。 32．Chinese Calligraphy is one of the courses (offer) to students who are interested. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】offered 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：中国书法是为感兴趣的学生开设的课程之一。根据谓语动词“is”可知，空处应用非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词“courses”，并与其为被动关系，表示“被提供给学生的课程”，故应用过去分词形式。故填offered。 33．By means of the mass media, many (advertise) products have entered every household. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】advertised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过大众传媒，许多广告产品进入了千家万户。advertise和products之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填advertised。 34．My brother is studying in the school (attach) to the college nearby. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我弟弟在附近大学的附属学校学习。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词school与attach之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填attached。 35．The book (write) by Mo Yan is very popular. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：莫言写的书很受欢迎。is为句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词the book，动词write与名词the book构成动宾关系，故用过去分词，作后置定语。故填written。 三、翻译 1．玛丽迫不及待地要使用刚下载的软件。(make use of) (汉译英) 【答案】Mary can’t wait to make use of the software downloaded just now. 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。“迫不及待做某事”常用短语表达为can’t wait to do sth；“使用”对应的短语是make use of；“刚下载的”作后置定语修饰 “软件（software）”，此处用过去分词downloaded来表示被动和完成的含义，just now作时间状语，故翻译为Mary can’t wait to make use of the software downloaded just now.。 2．有时，为了减轻学习带来的压力，他会选择去健身房锻炼。（stress，work out）（汉译英） 【答案】Sometimes, to reduce the stress caused by study, he chooses to work out in the gym. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“有时”用sometimes，作时间状语。表示“减轻”用reduce，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“压力”用stress，用the stress作reduce的宾语。表示“带来，引起”用cause，与the stress为被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语。用by引出发出动作者study“学习”。用he作主语，表示“选择”用choose，本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语为he，谓语用第三人称单数。表示“锻炼”用work out，用不定式，作宾语。表示“在健身房”，用in the gym，作地点状语。故翻译为Sometimes, to reduce the stress caused by study, he chooses to work out in the gym. 3．课堂上，我们轮流发言，确保每个人的意见被听取。(turn) (汉译英) 【答案】In class, we take turns to speak to ensure that everyone’s opinions are heard. 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和被动语态。地点状语“课堂上”用介词短语in class，主语“我们”用人称代词we，谓语“轮流”用动词短语take turns to do...，描述习惯性行为用一般现在时态，宾语“发言”用动词不定式短语to speak；“确保每个人的意见被听取”作目的状语，可译为to ensure that everyone’s opinions are heard，其中“that everyone’s opinions are heard”是宾语从句，由无实义且不作句子成分的连词that引导，使用了一般现在时的被动语态。故翻译为In class, we take turns to speak to ensure that everyone’s opinions are heard. 4．从这首古诗我们可以了解到，尽管诗人身处逆境，却始终保持积极乐观的人生态度。(glimpse n.) （汉译英） 【答案】From this poem, we can get a glimpse that the poet, despite being in adversity, always maintains a positive and optimistic attitude to/towards life. 【详解】考查介词短语和动词时态。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“从这首古诗中”可以翻译为from this poem,，此处使用介词短语作状语；表示“了解”用get a glimpse that；“尽管诗人身处逆境”翻译为 the poet, despite being in adversity，此处使用介词短语作状语；表示“一直”用always；表示“保持”用maintain；表示“积极的和乐观的”用positive and optimistic，形容词构成并列作定语；表示“对……的态度”用attitude towards/to sth；表示“生活”用life。故翻译为From this poem, we can get a glimpse that the poet, despite being in adversity, always maintains a positive and optimistic attitude to/towards life. 5．出发去目的地之前，请把货币换成美元。（exchange) (汉译英) 【答案】Please exchange the currency for dollars before departing for the destination. 【详解】考查祈使句、固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“请”用please，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“把……换成……”用固定短语exchange...for...，本句用祈使句的肯定形式，exchange用原形。表示“货币”用currency，此处为特指，用the currency作exchange的宾语。表示“美元”用dollar，用复数形式，作for的宾语。表示“在……之前”用介词before。表示“出发去目的”用depart for the destination，用动名词，作before的宾语。故翻译为Please exchange the currency for dollars before departing for the destination.   6．把他的钱捐给有需要的人给他带来成就感。（汉译英） 【答案】Giving away his money to those in need brings him a sense of achievement./Giving away his money to those in need brought him a sense of achievement. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。表示“把他的钱捐给有需要的人”应用“give away his money to those in need”，作主语应用动名词形式；“给他带来成就感”表达为bring him a sense of achievement；句子可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事，谓语动词bring用过去式brought；也可用一般现在时，表示客观事实，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词bring用三单形式；故翻译为：Giving away his money to those in need brings him a sense of achievement./Giving away his money to those in need brought him a sense of achievement. 7．这篇知名网红撰写的文章里，错误比比皆是，但该文因一个细节而深深印入我脑海。(by virtue of) (汉译英) 【答案】The article written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer was full of inaccuracies, but it stuck in my mind/ was deeply imprinted on my mind by virtue of one detail. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。陈述过去事实，为一般过去时。“这篇知名网红撰写的文章”为句子的主语，翻译为the article written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer , written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer为过去分词作后置定语。“错误比比皆是”为be full of inaccuracies。“但该文因一细节而深深印入我脑海”为but连接的并列句，“由于”为 by virtue of 。作状语。翻译为“but it stuck in my mind/ was deeply imprinted on my mind by virtue of one detail.”。故翻译为：The article written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer was full of inaccuracies, but it stuck in my mind/ was deeply imprinted on my mind by virtue of one detail. 8．最后，你们会发现自己逐渐全面成长。（find) （汉译英） 【答案】In time, you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. 【详解】考查副词和动词时态。表示“最后”用in time，使用介词短语作状语。同时表示“你们会发现你自己做某事”用you will find yourself doing sth，此处find意为“发现”，使用一般将来时表述动作发生在未来，同时“发现某人做某事”用find sb doing sth，使用现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在发生；表示“逐渐全面成长”用grow into a well-rounded individual。故翻译为In time, you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. 9．他如此渴望探索新事物，以至于对与物理有关的一切都很好奇。(so... that...) (汉译英) 【答案】He is so eager to explore new things that he is curious about everything related to physics. 【详解】考查状语从句，固定短语和非谓语动词。根据题目要求，应该使用so...that...引导的状语从句，其中主句是“他如此渴望探索新事物”，主语“他”应用代词he，句首单词首字母大写，“如此渴望”可用短语“be so eager to do”，句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，“探索新事物”译为explore new things，故翻译为He is so eager to explore new things，从句是“以至于对与物理有关的一切都很好奇”，在从句里，“对一切都很好奇”翻译成he is curious about everything，“和物理有关的”可用过去分词作后置定语，翻译为related to physics。故整句可翻译为He is so eager to explore new things that he is curious about everything related to physics. 10．这款新发布的电子产品在耐用性上比竞争对手的差得多。（inferior）（汉译英） 【答案】This newly released electronic product is far inferior to its competitors in durability. 【详解】考查名词、形容词（短语）和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；主语“这款新发布的电子产品”可用名词短语this newly released electronic product，其中过去分词released作修饰product的定语，表被动，“比……差得多”可用形容词短语be far inferior to，be动词用is，to的宾语“（它的）竞争对手”可用名词短语its competitors，状语“在耐用性上”可用介词短语in durability。故翻译为This newly released electronic product is far inferior to its competitors in durability. 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