必修第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures (人与社会：多元文化)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

必修第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures （人教版2019） 人与社会：多元文化 单元引言解读 The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people. —Unknown 释义：世界之美源自人之多样。人之多样主要体现在语言、民族、种族、宗教、文化传统等方面的差异，从而导致人类社会的多样化。不同历史和国情、不同民族和习俗孕育了不同文明，共同构成了多姿多彩的世界。 启示：社会学家费孝通曾提出“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同”的十六字箴言，意思是：首先要尊重自己民族的文化，并以其鲜明的特色丰富世界文化，这是本民族生存和发展的根基；其次要认识到世界文化的多样性，尊重不同民族的文化，在文化交流中和睦相处，共同促进人类文明的发展和繁荣。 名言名句积累 人与社会：多元文化 1．The relationship between cultures should be absorption and integration, not plunder and conquest. 文化的关系应是吸收和融合，绝不是掠夺与征服。 2．Culture is just the habit and belief accumulated and precipitated from generation to generation, which permeates the practice of life. 文化不过是代代累积沉淀的习惯和信念，渗透在生活的实践中。 4．This will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures. 这将帮助外国人更好地加入社会，促进跨文化的理解。 5．It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. 我突然想到传统文化，例如茶文化非常迷人并且有巨大的价值。 6．After a long journey, they came to what is now called “New Town”． 长途跋涉之后，他们来到了现在被称之为“新城”的地方。 7．Some places are famous for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. 一些地方以展示文化中的著名景点和声音而闻名。 8．The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 这项研究表明，我们成长的文化影响着我们看周围世界的基本过程。 9．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触或相互间距离的程度也不尽相同。 时文拓展阅读 Do tips make for better service? David Frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. As a teenager he would make an average of $60-70 in an evening—not bad, but he wanted more. So he started reading research on tipping, and found a study showing that servers who left a sweet at the end of the meal could up their pay. He tried handing punters a playing card at the end of his act, hoping that the memento would persuade them to part with more cash. It worked. Mr Frank’s findings confirmed the notion of the tip as a sort of reward for outstanding service. That may sound straightforward, but a follow-up study with Michael Lynn of Cornell University, where Mr. Frank now happens to be a student, found an opportunity for some sleight of hand. They discovered that performing a magic trick at a table also increased the tips for the waiters and waitresses serving there, even though they had done absolutely nothing more than usual. Though tipping may seem like a simple economic transaction, by incentivising people to perform extra well, it turns out to be anything but. For a start, economists are puzzled by the fact that so many people give tips, voluntarily handing out cash for a routine service, when it is assumed that customers generally want to pay as little as possible for what they buy. But fuzzier factors also seem to matter, like the feelings of gratitude that Mr Frank inspired. A survey in 2010 by Ofer Azar of Israel’s Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that 85% of American tippers claimed to be following a social norm, while 60% said they tipped to avoid guilt. Tipping habits vary vastly across the world. In America, where tips added to restaurant meals are around 20% of the tab, some suspect that a history of racial inequality has bolstered the practice. In 1902 John Speed, a journalist, wrote: “Negroes take tips, of course; one expects that of them—it is a token of their inferiority. But to give money to a white man was embarrassing to me.” In many European countries a service charge is included in the bill and customers are not expected to pay much extra but they often round the figure up, leaving a few coins or a modest note on the table, amounting to an extra percentage or two. In some Asian countries, tipping is positively frowned upon. In Japan, for instance, it is viewed as an insulting insinuation that the recipient is akin to a beggar desperate for a handout. A similar attitude prevails in South Korea. In Hong Kong restaurant tips are generally not expected. Critics say tipping is an unfair practice that leaves workers fawning for favours, confuses customers about the real price they can expect to pay, and encourages tax evasion. Its champions say it is an efficient way to align incentives between bosses and workers, and a healthy way for the customer to express gratitude. For all its drawbacks, Americans are keenest to retain the practice: in a survey 60% of them said they preferred tipping to a modest service charge. Customers may not be right that tipping improves service. Perhaps they like to feel, as they step out for a meal, that they are in control. And it may comfort servers to think, however erroneously, that if they perform better they will be more handsomely rewarded. 【译文欣赏】 小费真的意味着更好的服务吗？ 大卫·弗兰克11岁时开始赚取小费，用魔术表演逗乐纽约的餐馆食客。作为一个青少年，他平均一晚上能赚60~70美元——这还不错，但他想赚更多。 于是他开始阅读关于小费的研究，并发现一项研究表明，在正餐结束时端上甜食的服务员可以获得更高收入。他试着在表演结束时递给顾客一张扑克牌，希望借助纪念品说服他们掏出更多现金。这很有效。 弗兰克的发现肯定了小费的概念，即对出色服务的一种奖励。这听起来很简单，但康奈尔大学（弗兰克现在正好是该校的学生）的迈克尔·林恩进行了后续研究，他发现了挣小费的小花招。 他们发现，在桌边表演魔术也会增加该桌服务员的小费，尽管他们并没有多做什么。虽然小费看起来是一项简单的经济交易，但它能激励人们做额外的劳动，这证明小费的内核绝非看上去那么简单。 首先，经济学家的困惑之处在于人们认为顾客通常希望为他们所购买的东西尽可能少付钱，但这时却有那么多人给小费，自愿为一项常规服务买单。 但其他模糊因素似乎也很重要，比如弗兰克触发了顾客们的感激之情。以色列内盖夫本古里安大学的奥弗·阿扎尔曾在2010年对美国支付小费的人群展开一项调查，结果表明85%的受访者认为给小费是在遵守社会规范，而60%的受访者认为给小费是为了避免内疚。 世界各地的小费习惯大有不同。在美国，餐厅用餐的小费约占账单的20%，有人怀疑种族歧视的历史助长了这种做法。1902年，记者约翰·斯比德写道：“黑人当然会收小费；人们期待他们这样做——这象征着他们低人一等。但给白人钱会让我感到尴尬。” 在许多欧洲国家，服务费包含在账单中，顾客不需要额外支付太多小费，但他们经常将餐费四舍五入，在桌子上留下几个硬币或一张数额不大的纸币，相当于多给了百分之一二。 在一些亚洲国家，人们并不喜欢给小费。例如，在日本，小费被视作侮辱性的暗示，认为接受小费的人就像一个急于得到施舍的乞丐。在韩国，人们普遍持相似态度。在香港，餐厅一般不收小费。 批评者说，小费是一种不公平的做法，它让工作人员为得到好处而献媚，让顾客对他们可以预期支付的真实价格感到困惑，同时也鼓励了逃税。小费的拥护者说，小费是有效调整老板和雇员之间的激励机制，也让顾客能正确表达感激之情。 尽管有种种弊端，美国人还是最热衷于保留给小费的习惯：在一项调查中，60%的人说他们更喜欢给小费而不是适度的服务费。顾客认为给小费可以改善服务，这一点也许并不正确。也许他们喜欢在外出就餐时感到自己是实施控制的那方。而且对服务员们来说，出色服务能获取丰厚报酬这种想法能让他们倍感安慰，尽管这种想法是错误的。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 delight [dɪˈlaɪt] v. 使高兴 n. 高兴 fuzzy [ˈfʌzi] adj. 模糊的 memento [məˈmentəʊ] n. 纪念品 norm [nɔːm] n. 标准 notion [ˈnəʊʃn] n. 概念 inequality [ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti] n. 不平等 straightforward [ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd] adj. 直截了当的 evasion [ɪˈveɪʒn] n. 逃避 sleight [slaɪt] n. 灵巧 drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] n.缺点 【知识拓展】 小费并不一定意味着会带来更好的服务。一方面，在一些国家和地区，小费被视为对服务人员工作的额外认可和奖励。当服务人员预期可能会收到小费，可能会更加积极主动、热情周到，以期望获得更高的报酬。例如在一些高级餐厅，服务员可能会更关注客人的需求，及时提供帮助，从而给客人留下更好的印象，以获取小费。 然而，另一方面，也不能绝对地认为小费就一定能保证更好的服务。有些服务人员可能无论是否有小费的预期，都会始终保持高标准的服务质量，因为这是他们的职业素养和道德准则。而且，在某些情况下，客人给了小费，但服务人员的能力和态度本身存在问题，也无法提供真正优质的服务。比如，一个缺乏经验或者心情不好的服务员，可能不会因为小费而突然改变服务水平。此外，小费制度还可能引发一些不公平和潜在的问题。比如可能导致服务人员之间的竞争变得不健康，过于关注小费而忽视了整体的服务流程和质量控制。 【词汇延伸】 “incentivise”是动词，意思是“激励；刺激；奖励”。 “bolster”作动词，常见释义为“增强；支持；支撑”。 “fawn”作动词时，常见释义为“讨好；奉承；巴结”。 暗示；影射；含沙射影的话” 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考真题）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 3 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. ( 做题步骤： 1. 浏览选项，划出关键词+主题词。 关键词：代词、连接词、数词等词语。 主题词：选项中的名词、动词，尤其要注意其中的专属名词，例如人名、地名等。 2.再看文章，看空前空后梳理句子之间逻辑关系、查找代词指代关系、相关名词和主题词。 3.代入选项，检验是否正确。 做题技巧： 1.小标题 如果是小标题，那么和其他小标题的句式会基本一致，观察其他小标题句式结构。 先阅读段落首句，把握段落的主旨大意和主题词，因为小标题=主旨大意。 2.段首句 段首句基本等于包含段落主旨大意，所以注意段落其他部分出现的高频词+主题词，一般段首句都会复现。 3.段中句 注意空前空后的句子逻辑关系，因此，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词与空前空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间的关系，从而选择正确的答案。 4.段尾句 段尾句可能为全文或段落的总结或是承上启下的句子。 看段首，圈出段落关键词，一般首尾内容会相呼应，讨论相同主题和事件。 看下一段段首，段尾句子一般会有承上启下的作用。 5.词汇复现 注意前后句的和相关选项里的相同词汇复现，其中包含相似、相反、同范畴、同义词。 ) ( Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. 该句为 but 连接的并列复杂句,主干为“there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses but I'm old-fashioned enough”;“Of course”为介词短语作结 构 精 析 插入语;“these days”为名词短语作时间状语;“to prefer a hard cover and pages”为不定式短语作结果状语;“I can leaf through with my fingers”为省略了关系代词的限制性定语从句修饰先行词 pages. 翻译： ) ( publish v. vital adj. submit v. submission n. professional adj. present v. edit v. editor n. tolerate v. tolerance n. old-fashioned precise adj. define v. definition n. identical adj. pronounce v. pronunciation n. copy n. combine v. combination n. idiomatic adj. origin n. original adj. originate v. influential adj. illustrate v. pleasure n. rewarding adj. take the trouble to do sth. reference book take（no）account of leaf through in addition ) 全文翻译 并非所有伟大的作家都是伟大的拼写者。如果你想出版，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。这意味着语法良好，没有拼写错误。没有一个编辑会容忍一个作家不不厌其烦地拼写单词。 我的桌子上放着两本参考书：字典和词库。我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。它不考虑上下文。当然，现在有很多在线词典和词库，但我已经足够老式了，更喜欢硬封面和可以用手指翻阅的页面。我使用简明牛津词典和柯林斯同义词库。 当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。它应该给你每个单词一个准确的定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。 此外，我还有一本两卷本的《牛津短词典》，几年前在书店以99便士的价格买到。当然，2672页的篇幅并不算短。它包含大约163000个单词，加上单词组合和惯用短语。我不常用这本字典。然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的起源或查找它的用法示例，没有什么比这更好的了。 一百多年来，最有影响力的英语词典是1755年出版的塞缪尔·约翰逊的《英语词典》。约翰逊写道：“制作字典是枯燥的工作。”他举例说明了“枯燥”的一个定义。但是读字典是一种乐趣。花几分钟的时间浏览一两页可能是一种有益的体验。 （二） （23-24高一下·江苏淮安·期中）There are many customary differences between the West and the East, of which are some of China’s eating habits, which many Westerners would find quite hard to understand. 6 Not eating food dropped on a table I’ve seen the disgust (恶心) in people’s faces here when I’ve dropped food on the table only to then pick it up and eat it. 7 Our thought is, “A tabletop has had nothing but food on it. No one walks on it, sits on it or throws garbage on it. Why is it considered so dirty?” We don’t get it. 8 Westerners don’t want their food near the floor. Dust, germs, etc. are far more likely to get into the rice. I’ve been in several restaurants and nearly everyone I’ve seen puts their rice cookers on the floor. Eating dessert before a meal Every Western child’s dream would be to live in China for the purpose that he/she could eat the dessert before they eat their main meal. I’m not sure about this Western tradition of eating dessert last. In China, it doesn’t matter. 9 Westerners would find that very strange. Drinking hot water with your meal Often, it has been my experience that many. Chinese will not have a drink (water, tea, etc. ) with a meal. But, when they do, it is usually hot water. 10 However, we westerners like cold water or cold drinks. A．Putting rice cookers on the floor. B．The following are just some of them C．Having noodles or rice every day. D．Americans do eat a lot of hamburgers. E．You can have ice cream before your meal. F．I’ve often heard that hot water is better for digestion than cold water. G．In the West, we clean our tabletops quite well. （三） （23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·期末）Looking around your city, it may be hard to imagine that there might be a time when it will disappear. But that’s exactly what happened to these communities. Hashima Island, Japan Hashima Island was formerly one of the most populated cities in the world. The 6-hectare island provided jobs for more than 5,000 people, many of whom made their living at the island’s underwater coal mines. When the mines were closed, Hashima Island was abandoned. Consonno, Italy Consonno was a tiny town with a population of less than 300 and had its roots in the Middle Ages. Then Mario Bagno came along and decided to turn the area into the Las Vegas of Italy. He knocked down nearly every building. Then a landslide struck, burying the access road and the project was never finished. Today, Consonno has been abandoned. Eastern Settlement, Greenland Eastern Settlement in Greenland isn’t just an abandoned city. It’s also a mystery. Once the most populated area in Greenland, the area was abandoned and no one knows why. The last known writings from the area applied to a wedding in 1408 and offered no clues. It remains one of many ancient mysteries researchers can’t explain. Troy, Turkey Troy was regarded immortal (不朽的) in Homer’s epic poem, The Iliad. For many years, the Troy of Ancient Greece was merely the stuff of legend but in the 1800s its location was discovered in what is now Turkey. The site contains layers of ruins archaeologists are still studying. 11．Which community suffered from a natural disaster? A．Hashima Island. B．Consonno. C．Eastern Settlement. D．Troy. 12．What do we know about Eastern Settlement? A．It disappeared for no obvious reasons. B．It was a place where weddings were held. C．It was a place for visitors to experience history. D．It existed as one of the oldest towns in Greenland. 13．What do the four communities have in common? A．They were tourist spots. B．They were capital cities. C．They were abandoned. D．They were thickly populated. （四） （23-24高二上·江西吉安·开学考试）There's no place in the world like Venice, Italy. Called the City of Water, Venice was built about 1,500 years ago. It's made up of 118 tiny islands in the Adriatic Sea. The area, however, may be in over its head. But now scientists have a new plan to save the city. Because the city was built on soft soil, it has been sinking under the pressure of its own weight. Scientists estimate that Venice sinks at a rate of nearly 2 inches every 100 years. Rising sea levels could make Venice go under even faster, some experts say. Earth's temperature is slowly increasing. That is causing sea ice to melt, which makes the world's waters rise, they say. To keep the city afloat, experts want to pump about 40 billion gallons of sea water beneath Venice. The liquid would expand the sand under the city, which would help support the islands, explains lead scientist Giuseppe Gambolati. Experts are rushing to save Venice because of its rich history. The city was once a strong sea power. "Many famous artists and opera singers have come from Venice. Some of the world's greatest paintings can be found on the city's museum walls," explains Melissa Conn, who is a director of Save Venice Inc. While scientists work to get their water-pumping plan approved, Venice's residents go about their normal routines. When the tide rolls in, the locals have ways of keeping everyone dry. Cafe owners move tables to higher ground, and hotels pass out high boots to guests. Still, dealing with the rising water does not give the city's residents a sinking feeling, just ask Erla Zwingle. She has lived in Venice for 17 years. "There has always been high water in Venice." Zwingle told WR News. "If high water really were a serious problem, people wouldn't be still living here." 14．What's the main reason Venice is sinking? A．Its population is rising. B．Its buildings are too weighty. C．The soil it was built on is not solid. D．Its underground water is being overused. 15．What can we know about Venice from the passage? A．It sinks at a rate of 2 inches every 200 years. B．It has a history of more than 1,500 years. C．It has been in a very dangerous situation. D．It was once a strong sea power. 16．What's the local residents' attitude towards their sinking city? A．Worried. B．Disappointed. C．Concerned. D．Optimistic. （五） （23-24高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）My eye-opening years living among the locals in Nicaragua Having lived among the locals in Nicaragua (尼加拉瓜) or what is now three years, I’ve experienced cultural differences that are still alien to my British eyes. While I find it rather disgraceful to try to attract the attention of someone with a sound which a Brit would reserve only for calling animals, for him this is perfectly normal and polite. I also think it is rude to walk into a shop and say give me without a please or a thank you but he doesn’t and neither does the shopkeeper. I have also had to learn yet another foreign language of hand gestures and body language. “Come here” is always done with the palm down, smacking the elbows implies a person is tight with their money and the strangers one of all for me is —pointing with the lips the first few times this happened it looked like someone was blowing me a kiss—how wrongly I could have translated that one. Economic status of Nicaragua, one of the poorest Central American nations, influences its culinary practices. I have to confess to becoming thoroughly bored with gallo pinto—the ubiquitous rice and beans dish of Nicaragua—after a few weeks but for many Nicaraguans this is breakfast, lunch and dinner, their whole life. It is the cheapest way to keep the family fed and where food is concerned nothing here is wasted. Can you imagine piling the entire family onto a scooter (小型摩托车)? It’s perfectly normal for Nicaraguans. Dad drives, the child old enough to stand is perched on the footplate holding onto the handlebars, a toddler clings onto dad’s back while mum with a babe in arms is riding (sometimes side-saddle) at the back. Even after three years, it still fascinates me that the locals can sit in a rocking chair outside their houses, doing nothing for hours, without getting bored. There have been times when i have been led to question my own attitudes and been shown levels of patience, bravery and positivity in the face of hardship which my own culture could learn a great deal from. 17．Which of the following actions is unusual for Nicaraguans? A．Pointing to the things they want with the lip. B．Showing their strength by smacking the elbows. C．Serving customers without saying “please” or “thank you”. D．Greeting with a sound of what a Brit thinks of as calling animals. 18．Which word can best replace the underlined word “culinary” in Paragraph 4? A．Trading. B．Cooking. C．Traveling. D．Communicating. 19．How many family members can be on a scooter according to the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 20．What does the writer think of Nicaraguan culture after there for three years? A．Strange and boring. B．Simple and uncivilized. C．Backward but fascinating. D．Surprising but worth learning. （六） （23-24高一下·广东汕尾·阶段练习）It keeps what’s inside a mystery until you open it. There are usually toys in mystery boxes; but now, food has been added to the list. Recently, the trend of “leftover mystery boxes” has become popular in many Chinese cities such as Beijing, Nanjing and Chengdu. Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices. “We make the leftover mystery boxes available to buy at the end of the day” Wu Tian, a staff member at a convenience chain store in Beijing, told China Daily. The food, such as milk, bread and sandwiches, is sold at about half the original price and is usually sold out quickly. Many bakeries have also joined the “mystery box club”. “Due to their low cost, leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers,” Hong Yong, a Commerce Ministry expert, told China Daily. “They also follow zero-waste and environmental protection concepts.” In 2021, China’s total food waste was 160 million tons, averaging 93 grams per meal per person. Since the Anti-Food Waste Law took effect in April 2021, awareness of food waste reduction has risen. Leftover mystery boxes are an effective way to tackle food waste. However, some people have raised food security concerns. If consumers buy a food mystery box for their breakfast the next morning, even if the food looks fine at the moment, it may have gone bad overnight. Moreover, food made in the store, such as bread, isn’t labeled with the production date in many cases, according to China Consumer News. If a consumer unpacks a mystery box and discovers that the food tastes bad or has already passed the last date, then it will be difficult for them to protect their rights, such as getting money back. Only by considering both food safety and consumer rights can mystery blind boxes achieve a win-win situation for both buyers and sellers, commented China Youth Daily. 21．What leads to the rise of the trend of “leftover mystery boxes”? A．It offers customers lower prices for those unsold food. B．Stores make the leftover mystery boxes available at night. C．People feel like such food as milk and bread more attractive D．It goes against the concept of zero-waste and environmental protection. 22．What does the underlined word “expiration” in paragraph 2 mean? A．buying B．ending C．producing D．selling 23．Why are some people worried about customers buying a food mystery box? A．Because customers’ rights are hard to protect. B．Because the food has gone bad when it’s bought. C．Because the production dates are not clear enough. D．Because customers cannot get a refund in many cases 24．What is the author’s attitude towards the leftover mystery boxes? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. （七） 完形填空 （23-24高一·全国·假期作业）Steve and Mark were good friends. They decided to spend their vacation in Haiti. Since they couldn’t 25 French, they took a French wordbook with them and hoped it would help them in difficult situations. The flight was 26 , and the hotel was very comfortable. Each day after breakfast, Steve and Mark packed the picnic lunch and dinner and went off to visit interesting places. After a few days, the boys became 27 of eating picnic meals and decided to eat a big fish dinner in a good restaurant. Unfortunately, they left their wordbook in the hotel. They 28 the menu carefully. After ten minutes, Steve said to Mark, “I don’t understand this menu.” “Neither do I,” said Mark. “I see poison on the menu. Are they 29 here?” “Maybe. They even spelled poison 30 . They spelled it p⁃o⁃i⁃s⁃s⁃o⁃n instead of p⁃o⁃i⁃s⁃o⁃n. But it must mean the same thing. Maybe we should go to another restaurant. I don’t 31 to eat something that will kill me.” But Mark was 32 , so he said, “There is no other restaurant near here, and I’m tired of walking around the city. Let’s order something else instead. It’s 33 here, so the food must be good.” The boys looked at the menu again. They finally decided to order steak, 34 they really wanted fish. The boys just pointed to the word steak, and the waiter understood. As they were eating, they 35 some tourists speaking English. “This 36 is delicious. We’re lucky we have picked a restaurant that’s famous for its fish.” Steve and Mark wondered what they discovered. “Famous for its fish? There was no fish on the 37 !” said Mark. Finally, Steve decided to find out what all this was about. “Excuse me, how did you order fish when it wasn’t on the menu?” “Sure it’s on the menu. It’s right here. Poisson.” The boys shouted, “Poisson. That’s poison! We were 38 why a restaurant like this could have poison on the menu.” The tourists 39 , and one of them said, “No. Poisson is French for fish.” 25．A．speak B．inspect C．teach D．demand 26．A．terrible B．straight C．quick D．excellent 27．A．tired B．frightened C．grateful D．fond 28．A．studied B．learnt C．remembered D．observed 29．A．familiar B．crazy C．confident D．official 30．A．fluently B．wrongly C．simply D．natively 31．A．want B．recognize C．request D．recover 32．A．scared B．equal C．tired D．endangered 33．A．active B．comfortable C．peaceful D．crowded 34．A．since B．although C．unless D．because 35．A．found B．sensed C．noticed D．heard 36．A．steak B．insect C．fruit D．fish 37．A．table B．menu C．show D．track 38．A．determining B．wondering C．expressing D．admitting 39．A．stopped B．shocked C．laughed D．shouted （八） 语法填空 （22-23高一下·河北邯郸·阶段练习）语法填空 Longjing tea, 40 has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, 41 (name) after its region of production-Longjing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources are good for the growth of the tea, confirming (证实) the saying that “Longjing tea is the 42 (good) among all of the teas in the world”. Thanks 43 Emperor (皇帝) Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation. It is said that Emperor Qianlong visited a mountain of Longjing Village of West Lake on his travels in Hangzhou, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at 44 foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their 45 (movement) that he decided to have a go himself. While 46 (pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother’s illness, so he 47 (careless) put the leaves in his pocket and left Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother immediately upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother 48 (smell) the pleasant scent of the tea leaves from his pocket and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely 49 (energy), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses. （九） 书面表达 50．（23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was time for the annual Potato-Salad Contest in Russet Park. After trying for the third time, Alexis shook her head sadly. There was no way she would win the Golden Potato again because Grandpa wasn’t here this year. Memories of how Grandpa taught her to make potato rose in her mind. She sighed and missed Grandpa so much. Alexis cut the potatoes and mixed the boiled potatoes, some sauces and a little salt and peppers in a bowl. But it didn’t taste right. Alexis tried a bite of the salad mixture, wondering what was missing. Seeing her frown, Mom suggested, “What about something spicy? Your  Grandpa loved spicy things.” “You’re right! Maybe he put a jalapeno pepper in it,”  Alexis said, cutting up a bright green jalapeno and adding it to the bowl. It was closer, but it still didn’t taste right. Alexis was drooping her head, disappointed. “Should we look in a cookbook?” “Grandpa was never one to follow a recipe,” Dad entered the kitchen and said. It was true. People loved Grandpa’s potato salad because it was one of a kind. Alexis remembered posing with Grandpa for a photo while they were making the salad. Photo! That gave her an idea. Alexis hurried to the bookcase and found an old photo album. She immediately flipped it open, expecting to find clues in the photos there. Lots of photos showed Grandpa and Grandma cooking together. Dad laughed, “He and Grandma loved to tease each other but he always called her Honey.” “Do you think he put honey in the potato salad?” Mum asked. “It is worth a try,” said Alexis. She stirred some honey into the bowl. But it still wasn’t quite right. Alexis’ heart sank, on the verge of giving up. Dad kept flipping the album. At the end of the album was the picture of Grandpa and Alexis making the salad together. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 It looked like Grandpa was crying in the photo. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With hesitation, the family tasted the potato salad with onions in it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity 本单元的写作任务是写一篇地点介绍，介绍一个有显著文化特征的地方。写作时特别注意以下几点： 1．要以第三人称进行介绍；2．文章通常以一般现在时为主；3．介绍应全面、准确、有条理，详略得当。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读里面的语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络为写作素材！ Task 2 （23-24高一下·福建福州·期末）假如你是李华，请你给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文，介绍我们的首都——北京。要点如下： 1. 基本概况：人口约2000万，面积16000多平方千米，位于华北平原北部(North China plain)； 2. 历史与文化：有3000多年的历史，是我国的政治、文化中心；交通便利，有天安门广场、故宫、长城等很多旅游景点。 注意：词数100左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $$必修第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures （人教版2019） 人与社会：多元文化 单元引言解读 The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people. —Unknown 释义：世界之美源自人之多样。人之多样主要体现在语言、民族、种族、宗教、文化传统等方面的差异，从而导致人类社会的多样化。不同历史和国情、不同民族和习俗孕育了不同文明，共同构成了多姿多彩的世界。 启示：社会学家费孝通曾提出“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同”的十六字箴言，意思是：首先要尊重自己民族的文化，并以其鲜明的特色丰富世界文化，这是本民族生存和发展的根基；其次要认识到世界文化的多样性，尊重不同民族的文化，在文化交流中和睦相处，共同促进人类文明的发展和繁荣。 名言名句积累 人与社会：多元文化 1．The relationship between cultures should be absorption and integration, not plunder and conquest. 文化的关系应是吸收和融合，绝不是掠夺与征服。 2．Culture is just the habit and belief accumulated and precipitated from generation to generation, which permeates the practice of life. 文化不过是代代累积沉淀的习惯和信念，渗透在生活的实践中。 4．This will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures. 这将帮助外国人更好地加入社会，促进跨文化的理解。 5．It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. 我突然想到传统文化，例如茶文化非常迷人并且有巨大的价值。 6．After a long journey, they came to what is now called “New Town”． 长途跋涉之后，他们来到了现在被称之为“新城”的地方。 7．Some places are famous for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. 一些地方以展示文化中的著名景点和声音而闻名。 8．The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 这项研究表明，我们成长的文化影响着我们看周围世界的基本过程。 9．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触或相互间距离的程度也不尽相同。 时文拓展阅读 Do tips make for better service? David Frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. As a teenager he would make an average of $60-70 in an evening—not bad, but he wanted more. So he started reading research on tipping, and found a study showing that servers who left a sweet at the end of the meal could up their pay. He tried handing punters a playing card at the end of his act, hoping that the memento would persuade them to part with more cash. It worked. Mr Frank’s findings confirmed the notion of the tip as a sort of reward for outstanding service. That may sound straightforward, but a follow-up study with Michael Lynn of Cornell University, where Mr. Frank now happens to be a student, found an opportunity for some sleight of hand. They discovered that performing a magic trick at a table also increased the tips for the waiters and waitresses serving there, even though they had done absolutely nothing more than usual. Though tipping may seem like a simple economic transaction, by incentivising people to perform extra well, it turns out to be anything but. For a start, economists are puzzled by the fact that so many people give tips, voluntarily handing out cash for a routine service, when it is assumed that customers generally want to pay as little as possible for what they buy. But fuzzier factors also seem to matter, like the feelings of gratitude that Mr Frank inspired. A survey in 2010 by Ofer Azar of Israel’s Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that 85% of American tippers claimed to be following a social norm, while 60% said they tipped to avoid guilt. Tipping habits vary vastly across the world. In America, where tips added to restaurant meals are around 20% of the tab, some suspect that a history of racial inequality has bolstered the practice. In 1902 John Speed, a journalist, wrote: “Negroes take tips, of course; one expects that of them—it is a token of their inferiority. But to give money to a white man was embarrassing to me.” In many European countries a service charge is included in the bill and customers are not expected to pay much extra but they often round the figure up, leaving a few coins or a modest note on the table, amounting to an extra percentage or two. In some Asian countries, tipping is positively frowned upon. In Japan, for instance, it is viewed as an insulting insinuation that the recipient is akin to a beggar desperate for a handout. A similar attitude prevails in South Korea. In Hong Kong restaurant tips are generally not expected. Critics say tipping is an unfair practice that leaves workers fawning for favours, confuses customers about the real price they can expect to pay, and encourages tax evasion. Its champions say it is an efficient way to align incentives between bosses and workers, and a healthy way for the customer to express gratitude. For all its drawbacks, Americans are keenest to retain the practice: in a survey 60% of them said they preferred tipping to a modest service charge. Customers may not be right that tipping improves service. Perhaps they like to feel, as they step out for a meal, that they are in control. And it may comfort servers to think, however erroneously, that if they perform better they will be more handsomely rewarded. 【译文欣赏】 小费真的意味着更好的服务吗？ 大卫·弗兰克11岁时开始赚取小费，用魔术表演逗乐纽约的餐馆食客。作为一个青少年，他平均一晚上能赚60~70美元——这还不错，但他想赚更多。 于是他开始阅读关于小费的研究，并发现一项研究表明，在正餐结束时端上甜食的服务员可以获得更高收入。他试着在表演结束时递给顾客一张扑克牌，希望借助纪念品说服他们掏出更多现金。这很有效。 弗兰克的发现肯定了小费的概念，即对出色服务的一种奖励。这听起来很简单，但康奈尔大学（弗兰克现在正好是该校的学生）的迈克尔·林恩进行了后续研究，他发现了挣小费的小花招。 他们发现，在桌边表演魔术也会增加该桌服务员的小费，尽管他们并没有多做什么。虽然小费看起来是一项简单的经济交易，但它能激励人们做额外的劳动，这证明小费的内核绝非看上去那么简单。 首先，经济学家的困惑之处在于人们认为顾客通常希望为他们所购买的东西尽可能少付钱，但这时却有那么多人给小费，自愿为一项常规服务买单。 但其他模糊因素似乎也很重要，比如弗兰克触发了顾客们的感激之情。以色列内盖夫本古里安大学的奥弗·阿扎尔曾在2010年对美国支付小费的人群展开一项调查，结果表明85%的受访者认为给小费是在遵守社会规范，而60%的受访者认为给小费是为了避免内疚。 世界各地的小费习惯大有不同。在美国，餐厅用餐的小费约占账单的20%，有人怀疑种族歧视的历史助长了这种做法。1902年，记者约翰·斯比德写道：“黑人当然会收小费；人们期待他们这样做——这象征着他们低人一等。但给白人钱会让我感到尴尬。” 在许多欧洲国家，服务费包含在账单中，顾客不需要额外支付太多小费，但他们经常将餐费四舍五入，在桌子上留下几个硬币或一张数额不大的纸币，相当于多给了百分之一二。 在一些亚洲国家，人们并不喜欢给小费。例如，在日本，小费被视作侮辱性的暗示，认为接受小费的人就像一个急于得到施舍的乞丐。在韩国，人们普遍持相似态度。在香港，餐厅一般不收小费。 批评者说，小费是一种不公平的做法，它让工作人员为得到好处而献媚，让顾客对他们可以预期支付的真实价格感到困惑，同时也鼓励了逃税。小费的拥护者说，小费是有效调整老板和雇员之间的激励机制，也让顾客能正确表达感激之情。 尽管有种种弊端，美国人还是最热衷于保留给小费的习惯：在一项调查中，60%的人说他们更喜欢给小费而不是适度的服务费。顾客认为给小费可以改善服务，这一点也许并不正确。也许他们喜欢在外出就餐时感到自己是实施控制的那方。而且对服务员们来说，出色服务能获取丰厚报酬这种想法能让他们倍感安慰，尽管这种想法是错误的。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 delight [dɪˈlaɪt] v. 使高兴 n. 高兴 fuzzy [ˈfʌzi] adj. 模糊的 memento [məˈmentəʊ] n. 纪念品 norm [nɔːm] n. 标准 notion [ˈnəʊʃn] n. 概念 inequality [ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti] n. 不平等 straightforward [ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd] adj. 直截了当的 evasion [ɪˈveɪʒn] n. 逃避 sleight [slaɪt] n. 灵巧 drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] n.缺点 【知识拓展】 小费并不一定意味着会带来更好的服务。一方面，在一些国家和地区，小费被视为对服务人员工作的额外认可和奖励。当服务人员预期可能会收到小费，可能会更加积极主动、热情周到，以期望获得更高的报酬。例如在一些高级餐厅，服务员可能会更关注客人的需求，及时提供帮助，从而给客人留下更好的印象，以获取小费。 然而，另一方面，也不能绝对地认为小费就一定能保证更好的服务。有些服务人员可能无论是否有小费的预期，都会始终保持高标准的服务质量，因为这是他们的职业素养和道德准则。而且，在某些情况下，客人给了小费，但服务人员的能力和态度本身存在问题，也无法提供真正优质的服务。比如，一个缺乏经验或者心情不好的服务员，可能不会因为小费而突然改变服务水平。此外，小费制度还可能引发一些不公平和潜在的问题。比如可能导致服务人员之间的竞争变得不健康，过于关注小费而忽视了整体的服务流程和质量控制。 【词汇延伸】 “incentivise”是动词，意思是“激励；刺激；奖励”。 “bolster”作动词，常见释义为“增强；支持；支撑”。 “fawn”作动词时，常见释义为“讨好；奉承；巴结”。 暗示；影射；含沙射影的话” 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考真题）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 3 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 1．上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 2．上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 3．下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 4．下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 5．上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 ( 做题步骤： 1. 浏览选项，划出关键词+主题词。 关键词：代词、连接词、数词等词语。 主题词：选项中的名词、动词，尤其要注意其中的专属名词，例如人名、地名等。 2.再看文章，看空前空后梳理句子之间逻辑关系、查找代词指代关系、相关名词和主题词。 3.代入选项，检验是否正确。 做题技巧： 1.小标题 如果是小标题，那么和其他小标题的句式会基本一致，观察其他小标题句式结构。 先阅读段落首句，把握段落的主旨大意和主题词，因为小标题=主旨大意。 2.段首句 段首句基本等于包含段落主旨大意，所以注意段落其他部分出现的高频词+主题词，一般段首句都会复现。 3.段中句 注意空前空后的句子逻辑关系，因此，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词与空前空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间的关系，从而选择正确的答案。 4.段尾句 段尾句可能为全文或段落的总结或是承上启下的句子。 看段首，圈出段落关键词，一般首尾内容会相呼应，讨论相同主题和事件。 看下一段段首，段尾句子一般会有承上启下的作用。 5.词汇复现 注意前后句的和相关选项里的相同词汇复现，其中包含相似、相反、同范畴、同义词。 ) ( Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I ’m o ld-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. 该句为 but 连接的并列复杂句,主干为“there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses but I'm old-fashioned enough”;“Of course”为介词短语作结 构 精 析 插入语;“these days”为名词短语作时间状语;“to prefer a hard cover and pages”为不定式短语作结果状语;“I can leaf through with my fingers”为省略了关系代词的限制性定语从句修饰先行词 pages. 翻译： 当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。 ) ( publish v. 出版，发布 vital adj. 至关重要的 submit v. 提交；屈服 submission n. 提交；屈服 professional adj. 专业的 present v. 呈现 edit v. 编辑 editor n. 主编 tolerate v. 容忍tolerance n. 容忍 old-fashioned 过时的，守旧的 precise adj. 精确的 define v. 下定义 definition n. 定义 identical adj. 完全相同的 pronounce v. 发音 pronunciation n. 发音copy n. 复印件，副本 combine v. 合并 combination n. 合并 idiomatic adj. 自然地道的 origin n. 起源 original adj. 最初的originate v. 起源 influential adj. 有影响力的 illustrate v. 解释，说明 pleasure n. 愉快 rewarding adj. 值得做的，回报高的 take the trouble to do sth. 费心去做某事 reference book 参考书 take（no）account of （不）考虑 leaf through 翻阅 in addition 另外，此外 ) 全文翻译 并非所有伟大的作家都是伟大的拼写者。如果你想出版，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。这意味着语法良好，没有拼写错误。没有一个编辑会容忍一个作家不不厌其烦地拼写单词。 我的桌子上放着两本参考书：字典和词库。我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。它不考虑上下文。当然，现在有很多在线词典和词库，但我已经足够老式了，更喜欢硬封面和可以用手指翻阅的页面。我使用简明牛津词典和柯林斯同义词库。 当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。它应该给你每个单词一个准确的定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。 此外，我还有一本两卷本的《牛津短词典》，几年前在书店以99便士的价格买到。当然，2672页的篇幅并不算短。它包含大约163000个单词，加上单词组合和惯用短语。我不常用这本字典。然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的起源或查找它的用法示例，没有什么比这更好的了。 一百多年来，最有影响力的英语词典是1755年出版的塞缪尔·约翰逊的《英语词典》。约翰逊写道：“制作字典是枯燥的工作。”他举例说明了“枯燥”的一个定义。但是读字典是一种乐趣。花几分钟的时间浏览一两页可能是一种有益的体验。 （二） （23-24高一下·江苏淮安·期中）There are many customary differences between the West and the East, of which are some of China’s eating habits, which many Westerners would find quite hard to understand. 6 Not eating food dropped on a table I’ve seen the disgust (恶心) in people’s faces here when I’ve dropped food on the table only to then pick it up and eat it. 7 Our thought is, “A tabletop has had nothing but food on it. No one walks on it, sits on it or throws garbage on it. Why is it considered so dirty?” We don’t get it. 8 Westerners don’t want their food near the floor. Dust, germs, etc. are far more likely to get into the rice. I’ve been in several restaurants and nearly everyone I’ve seen puts their rice cookers on the floor. Eating dessert before a meal Every Western child’s dream would be to live in China for the purpose that he/she could eat the dessert before they eat their main meal. I’m not sure about this Western tradition of eating dessert last. In China, it doesn’t matter. 9 Westerners would find that very strange. Drinking hot water with your meal Often, it has been my experience that many. Chinese will not have a drink (water, tea, etc. ) with a meal. But, when they do, it is usually hot water. 10 However, we westerners like cold water or cold drinks. A．Putting rice cookers on the floor. B．The following are just some of them C．Having noodles or rice every day. D．Americans do eat a lot of hamburgers. E．You can have ice cream before your meal. F．I’ve often heard that hot water is better for digestion than cold water. G．In the West, we clean our tabletops quite well. 【答案】6．B 7．G 8．A 9．E 10．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几点中国和西方在饮食文化上的差异。 6．上文“There are many customary differences between the West and the East, of which are some of China’s eating habits, which many Westerners would find quite hard to understand.(东西方之间有很多习惯上的差异，其中一些是中国的饮食习惯，许多西方人会觉得很难理解)”说明一些是中国的饮食习惯和西方不同，许多西方人会觉得很难理解。空处承接上文，并引出下文中将要列举的具体差异。B项“以下只是其中的一些”符合语境，该项中的“some of them”指代下文中西方人无法理解中国饮食习惯。故选B。 7．上文“I’ve seen the disgust (恶心) in people’s faces here when I’ve dropped food on the table only to then pick it up and eat it.(当我把食物扔在桌子上，然后捡起来吃的时候，我看到了人们脸上的厌恶)”说明在中国吃掉到桌子上的食物是会被人厌恶的。空处承接上文，解释西方人为什么无法理解的原因。G项中的tabletops和上文中的“on the table”相呼应，说明“在西方，桌子会被把桌面打扫得很好”。故选G。 8．下文“Westerners don’t want their food near the floor. Dust, germs, etc. are far more likely to get into the rice.I’ve been in several restaurants and nearly everyone I’ve seen puts their rice cookers on the floor. (西方人不希望他们的食物靠近地板。灰尘、细菌等更有可能进入大米。我去过几家餐馆，我见过的几乎每个人都把电饭煲放在地板上)”说明本段主要介绍了西方人不想让食物靠近地板，而中国人是不在意的。所以A项“把电饭煲放在地板上。”适合作本段的标题。故选A。 9．上文“Every Western child’s dream would be to live in China for the purpose that he/she could eat the r dessert before they eat their main meal. I’m not sure about this Western tradition of eating dessert last. In China, it doesn’t matter. (每个西方孩子的梦想都是住在中国，这样他/她就可以在吃主菜之前吃甜点。我不确定西方最后吃甜点的传统。在中国，这并不重要)”说明在中国，人们可以在主菜之前吃甜点，而在西方最后吃甜点的传统不确定。空处承接上文，E项中的“have ice cream before your meal”和标题“Eating dessert before a meal”相呼应，说明在中国，你可以在饭前吃冰淇淋。所以E项“你可以在饭前吃冰淇淋”符合语境。故选E。 10．标题“Drinking hot water with your meal(吃饭时喝热水)”以及“Chinese will not have a drink (water, tea, etc. ) with a meal. But, when they do, it is usually hot water.(中国人吃饭时不会喝（水、茶等）。但是，当他们这样做时，通常是热水)”说明中国人喜欢喝热水。空处承接上文，解释为什么中国人喜欢喝热水。F项中的“hot water is better for digestion than cold water.”和上文“it is usually hot water”相呼应，说明F项“我经常听说热水比冷水更有利于消化。”符合语境。故选F。 （三） （23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·期末）Looking around your city, it may be hard to imagine that there might be a time when it will disappear. But that’s exactly what happened to these communities. Hashima Island, Japan Hashima Island was formerly one of the most populated cities in the world. The 6-hectare island provided jobs for more than 5,000 people, many of whom made their living at the island’s underwater coal mines. When the mines were closed, Hashima Island was abandoned. Consonno, Italy Consonno was a tiny town with a population of less than 300 and had its roots in the Middle Ages. Then Mario Bagno came along and decided to turn the area into the Las Vegas of Italy. He knocked down nearly every building. Then a landslide struck, burying the access road and the project was never finished. Today, Consonno has been abandoned. Eastern Settlement, Greenland Eastern Settlement in Greenland isn’t just an abandoned city. It’s also a mystery. Once the most populated area in Greenland, the area was abandoned and no one knows why. The last known writings from the area applied to a wedding in 1408 and offered no clues. It remains one of many ancient mysteries researchers can’t explain. Troy, Turkey Troy was regarded immortal (不朽的) in Homer’s epic poem, The Iliad. For many years, the Troy of Ancient Greece was merely the stuff of legend but in the 1800s its location was discovered in what is now Turkey. The site contains layers of ruins archaeologists are still studying. 11．Which community suffered from a natural disaster? A．Hashima Island. B．Consonno. C．Eastern Settlement. D．Troy. 12．What do we know about Eastern Settlement? A．It disappeared for no obvious reasons. B．It was a place where weddings were held. C．It was a place for visitors to experience history. D．It existed as one of the oldest towns in Greenland. 13．What do the four communities have in common? A．They were tourist spots. B．They were capital cities. C．They were abandoned. D．They were thickly populated. 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四个已经消失了的社群。 11．细节理解题。根据Consonno, Italy中“Then a landslide struck, burying the access road and the project was never finished. (然后山体滑坡来袭，掩埋了通道，工程从未完成)”可知，意大利的康松诺遭遇了自然灾害。故选B项。 12．细节理解题。根据Eastern Settlement, Greenland中“Once the most populated area in Greenland, the area was abandoned and no one knows why. (这个地区曾经是格陵兰岛人口最多的地区，但后来被遗弃了，没有人知道为什么)”可知，格陵兰岛的东部定居点莫名其妙地消失了。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据Hashima Island, Japan中“When the mines were closed, Hashima Island was abandoned. (矿场关闭后，端岛被遗弃了)”、Consonno, Italy中“Today, Consonno has been abandoned. (如今，康松诺已被遗弃)”、Eastern Settlement, Greenland中“Eastern Settlement in Greenland isn’t just an abandoned city. (格陵兰岛的东部定居点不仅仅是一个废弃的城市)”和Troy, Turkey中“The site contains layers of ruins archaeologists are still studying. (遗址中有一层层的废墟，考古学家仍在研究中)”可知，这四个社群都被遗弃了。故选C项。 （四） （23-24高二上·江西吉安·开学考试）There's no place in the world like Venice, Italy. Called the City of Water, Venice was built about 1,500 years ago. It's made up of 118 tiny islands in the Adriatic Sea. The area, however, may be in over its head. But now scientists have a new plan to save the city. Because the city was built on soft soil, it has been sinking under the pressure of its own weight. Scientists estimate that Venice sinks at a rate of nearly 2 inches every 100 years. Rising sea levels could make Venice go under even faster, some experts say. Earth's temperature is slowly increasing. That is causing sea ice to melt, which makes the world's waters rise, they say. To keep the city afloat, experts want to pump about 40 billion gallons of sea water beneath Venice. The liquid would expand the sand under the city, which would help support the islands, explains lead scientist Giuseppe Gambolati. Experts are rushing to save Venice because of its rich history. The city was once a strong sea power. "Many famous artists and opera singers have come from Venice. Some of the world's greatest paintings can be found on the city's museum walls," explains Melissa Conn, who is a director of Save Venice Inc. While scientists work to get their water-pumping plan approved, Venice's residents go about their normal routines. When the tide rolls in, the locals have ways of keeping everyone dry. Cafe owners move tables to higher ground, and hotels pass out high boots to guests. Still, dealing with the rising water does not give the city's residents a sinking feeling, just ask Erla Zwingle. She has lived in Venice for 17 years. "There has always been high water in Venice." Zwingle told WR News. "If high water really were a serious problem, people wouldn't be still living here." 14．What's the main reason Venice is sinking? A．Its population is rising. B．Its buildings are too weighty. C．The soil it was built on is not solid. D．Its underground water is being overused. 15．What can we know about Venice from the passage? A．It sinks at a rate of 2 inches every 200 years. B．It has a history of more than 1,500 years. C．It has been in a very dangerous situation. D．It was once a strong sea power. 16．What's the local residents' attitude towards their sinking city? A．Worried. B．Disappointed. C．Concerned. D．Optimistic. 【答案】14．C 15．D 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了意大利威尼斯城正在下沉的现状及其原因，并提出了科学家们的拯救计划。同时，文章还描述了当地居民对于城市下沉的态度和应对措施。 14．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Because the city was built on soft soil, it has been sinking under the pressure of its own weight. (因为这座城市建在松软的土壤上，所以它一直在自身的重量压力下下沉。)”可知，威尼斯正在下沉的主要原因是建造城市的土壤不坚固。故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“The city was once a strong sea power.”（这座城市曾经有着强大的海权）可知，威尼斯曾经有着强大的海权。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Still, dealing with the rising water does not give the city's residents a sinking feeling, just ask Erla Zwingle. She has lived in Venice for 17 years. (不过，处理上涨的水位并不会让城市居民感到沮丧，只要问问Erla Zwingle就知道了。她在威尼斯住了17年。)”以及最后一句“"If high water really were a serious problem, people wouldn't be still living here." (如果高水位真的是个严重的问题，人们就不会还住在这里了。)”可知，当地居民对威尼斯的下沉持乐观态度。故选D项。 （五） （23-24高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）My eye-opening years living among the locals in Nicaragua Having lived among the locals in Nicaragua (尼加拉瓜) or what is now three years, I’ve experienced cultural differences that are still alien to my British eyes. While I find it rather disgraceful to try to attract the attention of someone with a sound which a Brit would reserve only for calling animals, for him this is perfectly normal and polite. I also think it is rude to walk into a shop and say give me without a please or a thank you but he doesn’t and neither does the shopkeeper. I have also had to learn yet another foreign language of hand gestures and body language. “Come here” is always done with the palm down, smacking the elbows implies a person is tight with their money and the strangers one of all for me is —pointing with the lips the first few times this happened it looked like someone was blowing me a kiss—how wrongly I could have translated that one. Economic status of Nicaragua, one of the poorest Central American nations, influences its culinary practices. I have to confess to becoming thoroughly bored with gallo pinto—the ubiquitous rice and beans dish of Nicaragua—after a few weeks but for many Nicaraguans this is breakfast, lunch and dinner, their whole life. It is the cheapest way to keep the family fed and where food is concerned nothing here is wasted. Can you imagine piling the entire family onto a scooter (小型摩托车)? It’s perfectly normal for Nicaraguans. Dad drives, the child old enough to stand is perched on the footplate holding onto the handlebars, a toddler clings onto dad’s back while mum with a babe in arms is riding (sometimes side-saddle) at the back. Even after three years, it still fascinates me that the locals can sit in a rocking chair outside their houses, doing nothing for hours, without getting bored. There have been times when i have been led to question my own attitudes and been shown levels of patience, bravery and positivity in the face of hardship which my own culture could learn a great deal from. 17．Which of the following actions is unusual for Nicaraguans? A．Pointing to the things they want with the lip. B．Showing their strength by smacking the elbows. C．Serving customers without saying “please” or “thank you”. D．Greeting with a sound of what a Brit thinks of as calling animals. 18．Which word can best replace the underlined word “culinary” in Paragraph 4? A．Trading. B．Cooking. C．Traveling. D．Communicating. 19．How many family members can be on a scooter according to the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 20．What does the writer think of Nicaraguan culture after there for three years? A．Strange and boring. B．Simple and uncivilized. C．Backward but fascinating. D．Surprising but worth learning. 【答案】17．B 18．B 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在尼加拉瓜生活的一些经历和感受。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段““Come here” is always done with the palm down, smacking the elbows implies a person is tight with their money and the strangers one of all for me is —pointing with the lips the first few times this happened it looked like someone was blowing me a kiss—how wrongly I could have translated that one.(“过来”总是用掌心向下的手势来表示，拍打肘部则暗示一个人手头拮据，而对我来说最陌生的是——用嘴唇指东西，一开始几次我以为有人在向我飞吻——我差点误解了这个意思。)”可知，通过拍打肘部来显示他们的力量对尼加拉瓜人来说是不寻常的。故选B。 18．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I have to confess to becoming thoroughly bored with gallo pinto—the ubiquitous rice and beans dish of Nicaragua—after a few weeks but for many Nicaraguans this is breakfast, lunch and dinner, their whole life. It is the cheapest way to keep the family fed and where food is concerned nothing here is wasted.(我不得不承认，几周后我就对gallo pinto——一种在尼加拉瓜随处可见的米饭和豆子菜——感到彻底厌倦了，但对许多尼加拉瓜人来说，这是他们一生的早餐、午餐和晚餐。这是养家糊口最便宜的方式，在食物方面，这里没有任何浪费)”可知，后文主要讲述了尼加拉瓜的烹饪习惯。故划线词意思是“烹饪”。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Dad drives, the child old enough to stand is perched on the footplate holding onto the handlebars, a toddler clings onto dad’s back while mum with a babe in arms is riding (sometimes side-saddle) at the back.(爸爸开车，能站起来的孩子抓着车把坐在踏板上，一个蹒跚学步的孩子抱在爸爸的背上，妈妈抱着婴儿坐在后面（有时是侧座）)”可知，一辆滑板车可以坐5个家庭成员。故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even after three years, it still fascinates me that the locals can sit in a rocking chair outside their houses, doing nothing for hours, without getting bored.(即使三年过去了，当地人可以坐在屋外的摇椅上，无所事事几个小时，也不会感到无聊，这一点仍然让我着迷)”可知，在尼加拉瓜生活了三年之后，作者认为尼加拉瓜文化令人惊讶但值得学习。故选D。 （六） （23-24高一下·广东汕尾·阶段练习）It keeps what’s inside a mystery until you open it. There are usually toys in mystery boxes; but now, food has been added to the list. Recently, the trend of “leftover mystery boxes” has become popular in many Chinese cities such as Beijing, Nanjing and Chengdu. Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices. “We make the leftover mystery boxes available to buy at the end of the day” Wu Tian, a staff member at a convenience chain store in Beijing, told China Daily. The food, such as milk, bread and sandwiches, is sold at about half the original price and is usually sold out quickly. Many bakeries have also joined the “mystery box club”. “Due to their low cost, leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers,” Hong Yong, a Commerce Ministry expert, told China Daily. “They also follow zero-waste and environmental protection concepts.” In 2021, China’s total food waste was 160 million tons, averaging 93 grams per meal per person. Since the Anti-Food Waste Law took effect in April 2021, awareness of food waste reduction has risen. Leftover mystery boxes are an effective way to tackle food waste. However, some people have raised food security concerns. If consumers buy a food mystery box for their breakfast the next morning, even if the food looks fine at the moment, it may have gone bad overnight. Moreover, food made in the store, such as bread, isn’t labeled with the production date in many cases, according to China Consumer News. If a consumer unpacks a mystery box and discovers that the food tastes bad or has already passed the last date, then it will be difficult for them to protect their rights, such as getting money back. Only by considering both food safety and consumer rights can mystery blind boxes achieve a win-win situation for both buyers and sellers, commented China Youth Daily. 21．What leads to the rise of the trend of “leftover mystery boxes”? A．It offers customers lower prices for those unsold food. B．Stores make the leftover mystery boxes available at night. C．People feel like such food as milk and bread more attractive D．It goes against the concept of zero-waste and environmental protection. 22．What does the underlined word “expiration” in paragraph 2 mean? A．buying B．ending C．producing D．selling 23．Why are some people worried about customers buying a food mystery box? A．Because customers’ rights are hard to protect. B．Because the food has gone bad when it’s bought. C．Because the production dates are not clear enough. D．Because customers cannot get a refund in many cases 24．What is the author’s attitude towards the leftover mystery boxes? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国近期流行的“剩食盲盒”现象，即商家将未售出或临近保质期的食品以低价打包出售。 21．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Recently, the trend of ‘leftover mystery boxes’ has become popular in many Chinese cities such as Beijing, Nanjing and Chengdu. Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.”（最近，“剩食盲盒”的趋势在中国许多城市，如北京、南京和成都流行起来。商店将装满未售出食物或即将过期的食物的盒子以低价出售。）和第四段中“Due to their low cost, leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers”（由于价格低廉，“剩食盲盒”有望成为一种新的商业模式，吸引消费者）可推知，“剩食盲盒”的兴起是因为它们以低价出售未售出的食物或即将过期的食物，这吸引了消费者。故选A项。 22．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.”（商店将装满未售出食物或临近expiration日期的食物的盒子以低价出售。）中“nearing its...date”和”at low prices”可推知，临近保质期限的食物才会以低价出售。故expiration与ending同义，意为“结束”。故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“If a consumer unpacks a mystery box and discovers that the food tastes bad or has already passed the last date, then it will be difficult for them to protect their rights, such as getting money back.”（如果消费者打开盲盒后发现食物味道不好或已经过期，那么他们将很难保护自己的权益，如退款。）可知，一些人对购买食品盲盒感到担忧是因为消费者的权益很难保护。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Due to their low cost, leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers”（由于价格低廉，“剩食盲盒”有望成为一种新的商业模式，吸引消费者）和第六段“However, some people have raised food security concerns.”（然而，一些人提出了食品安全问题。）可知，作者在介绍“剩食盲盒”时，既提到了它的好处，如减少食物浪费、吸引消费者等，也提到了它的问题，如食品安全和消费者权益的保障等。因此，作者对待“剩食盲盒”的态度是客观的。故选C项。 （七） 完形填空 （23-24高一·全国·假期作业）Steve and Mark were good friends. They decided to spend their vacation in Haiti. Since they couldn’t 25 French, they took a French wordbook with them and hoped it would help them in difficult situations. The flight was 26 , and the hotel was very comfortable. Each day after breakfast, Steve and Mark packed the picnic lunch and dinner and went off to visit interesting places. After a few days, the boys became 27 of eating picnic meals and decided to eat a big fish dinner in a good restaurant. Unfortunately, they left their wordbook in the hotel. They 28 the menu carefully. After ten minutes, Steve said to Mark, “I don’t understand this menu.” “Neither do I,” said Mark. “I see poison on the menu. Are they 29 here?” “Maybe. They even spelled poison 30 . They spelled it p⁃o⁃i⁃s⁃s⁃o⁃n instead of p⁃o⁃i⁃s⁃o⁃n. But it must mean the same thing. Maybe we should go to another restaurant. I don’t 31 to eat something that will kill me.” But Mark was 32 , so he said, “There is no other restaurant near here, and I’m tired of walking around the city. Let’s order something else instead. It’s 33 here, so the food must be good.” The boys looked at the menu again. They finally decided to order steak, 34 they really wanted fish. The boys just pointed to the word steak, and the waiter understood. As they were eating, they 35 some tourists speaking English. “This 36 is delicious. We’re lucky we have picked a restaurant that’s famous for its fish.” Steve and Mark wondered what they discovered. “Famous for its fish? There was no fish on the 37 !” said Mark. Finally, Steve decided to find out what all this was about. “Excuse me, how did you order fish when it wasn’t on the menu?” “Sure it’s on the menu. It’s right here. Poisson.” The boys shouted, “Poisson. That’s poison! We were 38 why a restaurant like this could have poison on the menu.” The tourists 39 , and one of them said, “No. Poisson is French for fish.” 25．A．speak B．inspect C．teach D．demand 26．A．terrible B．straight C．quick D．excellent 27．A．tired B．frightened C．grateful D．fond 28．A．studied B．learnt C．remembered D．observed 29．A．familiar B．crazy C．confident D．official 30．A．fluently B．wrongly C．simply D．natively 31．A．want B．recognize C．request D．recover 32．A．scared B．equal C．tired D．endangered 33．A．active B．comfortable C．peaceful D．crowded 34．A．since B．although C．unless D．because 35．A．found B．sensed C．noticed D．heard 36．A．steak B．insect C．fruit D．fish 37．A．table B．menu C．show D．track 38．A．determining B．wondering C．expressing D．admitting 39．A．stopped B．shocked C．laughed D．shouted 【答案】 25．A 26．D 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．D 36．D 37．B 38．B 39．C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Steve和Mark去法国旅游，由于不会法语在餐厅里误将“鱼”认为“毒药”的故事。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于他们不会说法语，他们随身带了一本法语单词簿，希望它能帮助他们解决困难。A. speak说；B. inspect检查，审视；C. teach教；D. demand要求。根据“they took a French wordbook”可知，史蒂夫和马克不会说法语。故选A项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行极好，酒店也很舒适。A. terrible可怕的；B. straight笔直的；C. quick快速的；D. excellent棒的，极好的。根据“and the hotel was very comfortable.”可知，and连接两个并列含义的句子，此处表示飞行体验很棒。故选D项。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几天后，男孩们厌倦了野餐，决定去一家好餐馆吃一顿丰盛的鱼宴大餐。A. tired劳累的，厌倦的；B. frightened害怕的；C. grateful感激的；D. fond喜爱的。根据“decided to eat a big fish dinner in a good restaurant”可知，男孩们厌倦了野餐，决定吃一顿丰盛的鱼宴大餐。故选A项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们仔细研究菜单。A. studied学习，研究；B. learnt学习；C. remembered记住；D. observed观察。根据上文“Unfortunately, they left their wordbook in the hotel.”及“the menu carefully”可知，他们去餐厅没有带单词簿，因此，需要仔细研究菜单。故选A项。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们疯了吗？A. familiar熟悉的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. confident自信的；D. official官方的。根据“I see poison on the menu.”可知，poison在英语中意思为：毒药，他们以为餐厅菜单上有“毒药”，认为他们是疯了。故选B项。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把“毒药”拼错了。A. fluently流利地；B. wrongly错误地；C. simply仅仅；D. natively生来地。根据“They spelled it p⁃o⁃i⁃s⁃s⁃o⁃n instead of p⁃o⁃i⁃s⁃o⁃n.”可知，史蒂夫认为餐厅的菜单上还把这个单词拼写错误了。故选B项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想吃会害死我的东西。A. want想要；B. recognize识别；C. request要求；D. recover恢复。根据“to eat something that will kill me”可知，史蒂夫表示不想吃可以害死自己的东西。故选A项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是马克很累了，所以他说：“这附近没有别的餐馆了，我厌倦了在城市里到处走。我们点别的吧。这里人多，所以食物一定很好吃。”A. scared害怕的；B. equal平等的；C. tired劳累的；D. endangered濒危的。根据下文“and I’m tired of walking around the city.”可知，马克累了。故选C项。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. active活跃的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. peaceful和平的；D. crowded拥挤的。根据“so the food must be good”可推知，马克是看到饭店里周围是人，所以猜测饭店的食物不错。故选D项。 34．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们很想吃鱼，但最后还是决定点牛排。A. since自从；B. although尽管；C. unless除非；D. because因为。根据“they really wanted fish”及前文说他们点了牛排可知，虽然他们想吃鱼，但是找不到鱼，最后还是点了牛排。故选B项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们正在吃的时候，他们听到一些游客在说英语。A. found发现；B. sensed感觉到；C. noticed注意到；D. heard听到。根据“some tourists speaking English”可知，吃饭的时候听到游客在说英语。故选D项。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这鱼很好吃。A. steak牛排；B. insect昆虫；C. fruit水果；D. fish鱼。根据后文“We’re lucky we have picked a restaurant that’s famous for its fish”可知，游客点了鱼，所以说鱼很好吃。故选D项。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：菜单上没有鱼！A. table桌子；B. menu菜单；C. show演出；D. track小道。根据下文“Excuse me, how did you order fish when it wasn’t on the menu?”可知，史蒂夫和马克认为菜单上没有鱼。故选B项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在想为什么像这样的餐厅会在菜单上放“毒药”。A. determining决定；B. wondering想知道；C. expressing表达；D. admitting承认。根据“why a restaurant like this could have poison on the menu.”可知，史蒂夫和马克认为poisson是“毒药”，想知道为什么“毒药”会在菜单上。故选B项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：游客们笑了，其中一个说：“不。Poisson是法语里“鱼”的意思。”A. stopped停止；B. shocked使震惊；C. laughed大笑；D. shouted喊叫。根据上文“why a restaurant like this could have poison on the menu.”及下文“No. Poisson is French for fish.”可知，听到史蒂夫和马克将法语中“poisson”认作英语中的“poison（毒药）”，他们笑了。故选C项。 （八） 语法填空 （22-23高一下·河北邯郸·阶段练习）语法填空 Longjing tea, 40 has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, 41 (name) after its region of production-Longjing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources are good for the growth of the tea, confirming (证实) the saying that “Longjing tea is the 42 (good) among all of the teas in the world”. Thanks 43 Emperor (皇帝) Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation. It is said that Emperor Qianlong visited a mountain of Longjing Village of West Lake on his travels in Hangzhou, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at 44 foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their 45 (movement) that he decided to have a go himself. While 46 (pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother’s illness, so he 47 (careless) put the leaves in his pocket and left Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother immediately upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother 48 (smell) the pleasant scent of the tea leaves from his pocket and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely 49 (energy), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses. 【答案】 40．which 41．is named 42．best 43．to 44．the 45．movements 46．picking 47．carelessly 48．smelled/smelt 49．energetic 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了龙井茶。 40．考查定语从句。句意：龙井茶以其颜色、口味和形状位居中国十大最著名的茶叶之列，以其生产的西湖龙井村命名。此处引导非限制性定语从句，Longjing tea是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中做主语。故填which。 41．考查时态和语态。句意：龙井茶以其颜色、口味和形状位居中国十大最著名的茶叶之列，以其生产的西湖龙井村命名。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，句子主语Longing tea是单数第三人称，和动词name之间是被动关系。故填is named。 42．考查形容词最高级。句意：良好的环境和水资源对茶叶的生长起到了很大的作用，证实了“龙井茶是世界上最好的茶之一”的说法。根据the，可知空处用形容词最高级，作表语。故填best。 43．考查固定结构。句意：多亏了清朝乾隆皇帝的统治，茶叶赢得了很高的声誉。Thanks to为固定短语，表示“多亏了……”。故填to。 44．考查冠词。句意：据说乾隆皇帝在杭州旅行时，参观了西湖龙井村的一座山，他看到一些女士在山脚下采茶。at the foot of为固定短语，表示“在……脚下”。故填the。 45．考查名词复数。句意：他对他们的动作非常感兴趣，以至于他决定自己试一试。根据句意和空前their可知，空处应为名词复数形式，movement的复数形式为movements。故填movements。 46．考查现在分词。句意：在摘茶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子放在他的右袖里，离开杭州去了北京。此处句子主语he和pick之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词做时间状语，故填picking。 47．考查副词。句意：他不小心把茶叶放在口袋里，离开杭州去了北京。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词put，应用副词carelessly。故填carelessly。 48．考查动词时态。句意：他一到北京就去看望母亲，他母亲闻到了他口袋里茶叶的香味，想尝一尝。根据句意和前文visited可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填smelled/smelt。 49．考查形容词。句意：喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神，她甚至称赞这是治愈一切疾病的良药。此处是find+宾语+形容词结构，空处应为形容词作宾补，故填energetic。 （九） 书面表达 50．（23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was time for the annual Potato-Salad Contest in Russet Park. After trying for the third time, Alexis shook her head sadly. There was no way she would win the Golden Potato again because Grandpa wasn’t here this year. Memories of how Grandpa taught her to make potato rose in her mind. She sighed and missed Grandpa so much. Alexis cut the potatoes and mixed the boiled potatoes, some sauces and a little salt and peppers in a bowl. But it didn’t taste right. Alexis tried a bite of the salad mixture, wondering what was missing. Seeing her frown, Mom suggested, “What about something spicy? Your  Grandpa loved spicy things.” “You’re right! Maybe he put a jalapeno pepper in it,”  Alexis said, cutting up a bright green jalapeno and adding it to the bowl. It was closer, but it still didn’t taste right. Alexis was drooping her head, disappointed. “Should we look in a cookbook?” “Grandpa was never one to follow a recipe,” Dad entered the kitchen and said. It was true. People loved Grandpa’s potato salad because it was one of a kind. Alexis remembered posing with Grandpa for a photo while they were making the salad. Photo! That gave her an idea. Alexis hurried to the bookcase and found an old photo album. She immediately flipped it open, expecting to find clues in the photos there. Lots of photos showed Grandpa and Grandma cooking together. Dad laughed, “He and Grandma loved to tease each other but he always called her Honey.” “Do you think he put honey in the potato salad?” Mum asked. “It is worth a try,” said Alexis. She stirred some honey into the bowl. But it still wasn’t quite right. Alexis’ heart sank, on the verge of giving up. Dad kept flipping the album. At the end of the album was the picture of Grandpa and Alexis making the salad together. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 It looked like Grandpa was crying in the photo. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With hesitation, the family tasted the potato salad with onions in it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 It looked like Grandpa was crying in the photo. Crying! Yes, the secret was about crying! Grandpa once said with wet eyes that the potato salad definitely brought tears to his eyes. It seemed that Alexis found out the final secret ingredient. Full of hope in her eyes, she quickly rushed to the cabinet and grabbed an onion. Then, delighted and expected, she cut the onion with tears in her eyes. Finally, adding the onions into the salad and mixed it, Alexis’s palms getting sweaty. Heart raising, she held the salad to her family and waited for their try. With hesitation, the family tasted the potato salad with onions in it. Nodding their heads at the same time, smile flickered across everyone’s face. They eventually figured out Grandpa’s recipe. Finally, Alexis completed the salad and took part in the contest. As the result that Alexis’s potato salad won was announced, Alexis was thinking about Grandpa, her tears welling up uncontrollably. She hugged the Golden Potato to her chest and wore a shining smile, saying “Just because of the onions.” It’s not only a recipe for delicious food but also a recipe for a happy family. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Alexis参加一年一度的土豆沙拉大赛，却始终无法做出爷爷的味道。她从照片中得到线索，发现了爷爷制作土豆沙拉的秘诀，最终完成了沙拉并获胜。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“照片里爷爷好像在哭。”可知，第一段可描写Alexis发现了爷爷菜谱的秘密，并让家人品尝重新做好的沙拉。 ②由第二段首句内容“一家人犹豫了一下，尝了尝土豆沙拉里的洋葱。”可知，第二段可描写制作成功，赢得比赛和Alexis感悟。 2.续写线索：发现线索——完成沙拉——家人品尝——比赛获胜——Alexis感到快乐——Alexis感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 发现：find out/discover 急忙：rush to/hurry to 充满：be full of /be filled with 情绪类 美味的：delicious/tasty 快乐的：happy/joyful 【点睛】[高分句型1] Finally, adding the onions into the salad and mixed it, Alexis’s palms getting sweaty. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] As the result that Alexis’s potato salad won was announced, Alexis was thinking about Grandpa, her tears welling up uncontrollably. (运用了that引导同位语从句) 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity 本单元的写作任务是写一篇地点介绍，介绍一个有显著文化特征的地方。写作时特别注意以下几点： 1．要以第三人称进行介绍；2．文章通常以一般现在时为主；3．介绍应全面、准确、有条理，详略得当。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读里面的语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络为写作素材！ Task 2 （23-24高一下·福建福州·期末）假如你是李华，请你给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文，介绍我们的首都——北京。要点如下： 1. 基本概况：人口约2000万，面积16000多平方千米，位于华北平原北部(North China plain)； 2. 历史与文化：有3000多年的历史，是我国的政治、文化中心；交通便利，有天安门广场、故宫、长城等很多旅游景点。 注意：词数100左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Beijing, the capital of China, has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers. Located in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons. Beijing has a history of more than 3,000 years. As the political and cultural center of China, Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world. Beijing is also a great place to enjoy your holiday and it’s convenient to travel there. There are many places of interest, such as Tian’anmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall and the Bird’s Nest. Now, Beijing is playing a more and more important role in the world. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文，介绍我们的首都——北京。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：host→hold 位于：locate→situate 吸引：draw→catch 重要：important→crucial 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Located in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons. 拓展句：Beijing has four distinct seasons, which is located in the north of the North China Plain. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Located in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons. (运用了过去分词作状语) [高分句型2] Beijing is also a great place to enjoy your holiday and it’s convenient to travel there. (运用了it作形式主语) $$