Unit5Poems-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第三册

UNIT 5　POEMS 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.a historical drama 历史剧 2.as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 3.a very pretty butterfly 一只非常漂亮的蝴蝶 4.lie on the lawn 躺在草坪上 5.be full of cherry blossoms 满是樱花 6.revolve around the sun 绕太阳公转 7.beyond comprehension 无法理解 8.the latest version 最新版本 9.a new era of peace 和平时代的来临 10,a piece of string 一根细绳 11.a barren desert 贫瘠的沙漠 12.be overcome with grief 悲痛欲绝 13.seasonal variation 季节性变化 14.a dominant and selfish man一个专横自私的人 核心单词三遍熟 1.rhythm n.节奏；韵律；规律 2.folk adj. 民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的 3.recite vt. 背诵；吟诵；列举 4.dawn n. 黎明；开端；萌芽 5.amateur n. 业余爱好者 adj. 业余的；业余爱好的 6.tease vi.&. vt. 取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄 7.format n. 格式；总体安排；（出版物的）版式 vt. 格式化 8.respective adj. 分别的；各自的 9.delicate adj. 精美的；精致的；脆弱的 10.await vt. 等候；期待；将发生在 11.blank adj. 空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的； 没表情的 n. 空白；空格 12.sow vt.&. vi. 播种；种 13.seed n. 种子；起源；萌芽 14.deadline n. 最后期限；截止日期 15.contest n.比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt. 争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩 16.polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n. 上光剂；抛光；擦亮 17.wherever conj. 在任何地方；在所有······的情况下 adv. （用于问句）究竟在（到）哪里 18．complicated adj．复杂的；难懂的 19.prejudice n. 偏见；成见 vt. 使怀有（或形成）偏见 拓展单词寻规记 1．drama n．戏；剧；戏剧艺术→dramatic adj．戏剧（性）的；突然的→dramatically adv突然地；戏剧地；引人注日地 2．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事w，感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲哀的 3．imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像→imagc n．形象；印象 4．literary adj．文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n.文学 5．sympathetic adj．同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n同情，赞同 6. innocent adj．天真无邪的；无辜的；尤恶意的→innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪 7．correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系→correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信 8．variation n．变化；变体；变奏曲→vary zi．变化；不同→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n.多样性；变化 9．racial adj．种族的；人种的→race n．竞赛；种族 vi．8．v.（与······）赛跑；（与······）竞争 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 形容词词尾­ent变­ence ＝名词 ①innocent天真的→innocence天真　　　　　②absent缺席的→absence缺席；缺乏 ③evident明显的→evidence证据 ④convenient方便的→convenience方便 ⑤different不同的→difference不同 ⑥intelligent有才智的→intelligence才智 ⑦patient耐心的→patience耐心 ⑧silent沉默的→silence沉默 ⑨violent暴力的→violence暴力 ⑩diligent勤奋的→diligence勤奋 背热考单词 1．sorrow n.[U]悲伤；悲痛；[C]伤心事　vi.感到悲伤 背重点 背写作佳句 1)to one's sorrow 使某人悲伤的是 mix joy with sorrow 悲喜交加 drown one's sorrow in wine 借酒浇愁 2)sorrow at/over/for sth. 对某事感到悲伤 ①A wave of sorrow welled up within her. Tears were beginning to gather in her eyes.一阵悲伤涌上心头，她眼里涌上泪水。(读后续写情感描写) ②He sorrowed at the news of his friend's accident, his hands shaking.他听到朋友出事的消息很悲伤，双手颤抖。 2.mood n．情绪；心情；语气 背重点 背写作佳句 in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好 put sb. in a better mood 使某人心情更好 be/feel in the/no mood for sth. 有/没……的心情 be/feel in the/no mood to do sth. 有/没做某事的心情 ①Depressed, she felt in no mood to do anything but weep in her room.她很沮丧，除了在房间里哭泣，什么也不想做。(读后续写情感描写) ②Having finished a string of things，I am in the mood to walk on the lawn.做完一连串的事情后，我很想去草坪上走走。 3.correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系 背重点 背写作佳句 1)correspond with/to 与……相符/一致 correspond to 相当于；相类似 correspond with sb. 和某人通信 2)be in correspondence with... 和……通信；与……一致 I used to correspond with/be in correspondence with my friends by letters while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.我过去经常写信与朋友联络， 而现在网络使我们的沟通更方便了。 4.sympathy n.同情；赞同 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have/feel (no) sympathy for sb. (不)同情某人 in sympathy with... 赞同/支持 with sympathy 同情地 2)be/feel sympathetic to/towards... 同情…… ①Out of sympathy my mother gave some money to the poor old man.出于同情，我妈妈给了这位可怜的老人一些钱。 ②He also expressed his sympathy for the poor and common people in his poetry. 他还在诗歌中表达了对穷人和普通百姓的同情。 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．be made up of　　　　　　由……组成(构成) 2．have control over 能够控制 3．make a living 谋生 4．make sense 有意义， 讲得通 5．keep up with 赶上，跟上 6．to the point 中肯，扼要；切题 7．give it a try 试一试 8．in addition to 除……之外(还有，也) 9．in the beginning 开始，开端；起初 10．make it 成功 第二组　课文词块 1．convey certain feelings 传达特定的情感 2．folk song 民歌；民谣 3．a particular theme 一个特定主题 4．be popular with English writers 受英国作家的欢迎 5．hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想 6．compose poetry 创作诗歌 7．sow the seeds of love 播下爱的种子 8．become more complicated 变得更加复杂 9．from beginning to end 从头到尾三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：why引导的定语从句 教材原句：There are various reasons why people compose poetry．人们写诗的原因多种多样。 经典佳句： The reason why we hold this colorful event is that we can exchange ideas about the cultural differences between New Zealand and China.我们举办这次丰富多彩活动的原因是我们能就新西兰和中国之间的文化差异交换意见。 2.句型公式：be＋adj.＋to do sth. 教材原句：The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite．这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。 经典佳句：I think it is very easy to learn English well in this new method. 我认为用这种新方法学好英语很容易。 3.句型公式：by doing (作状语)主句 教材原句：By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。 经典佳句：By participating in the cultural festival, we have developed a deep friendship.通过参加文化节，我们建立了深厚的友谊。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Bernard and his parents were moved in 　tears　 （tear） when seeing the big basket full of popcorn. 2.I went through 　complicated　 （complicate） emotions， such as fear， anxiety and sadness， just like many other people. 3.The poet composed quite a few poems 　featuring　 （feature） the image of cherry blossoms， and describing the joys and 　sorrows　 （sorrow） of life. 4.The good-tempered man wore a 　sorrowful　 （sorrow） expression when reading the poem. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.　To contest　 （contest） in the competition， the enthusiastic student has to finish the assignment that involves 　reciting　 （recite） ten poems. 2.Only when we make our actions correspond 　with　 our words can we win the trust of others. 3.With so many types of bicycles 　to choose　 （choose） from， I was really at a loss as to which one to buy. 4.I had sympathy 　for　 Tom from the bottom of my heart， who was leading a miserable life full of adversities. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.To our amazement， in the final match， the third seed， defeated Katerina Maleeva.　　n.种子选手　 2.And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the budget to buy one.　　 n.人们　 3.That small fishing village has now blossomed into an important port.　　vi.发展成为　 Ⅳ应用文写作——通知——诗歌朗诵比赛 练单句： 1.为了激发同学们对诗歌的兴趣，更好地弘扬中华民族的传统文化，我们将于5月10日在学校礼堂举行中国诗歌朗诵比赛。 　To arouse students’ interest in poetry and better carry forward our traditional culture， a Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest will be held at the school hall on 10 May.　 2.选手们将背诵诗歌，评委将根据选手的发音、节奏和情感评分。 　Contestants will recite poems and judges will grade them according to contestants’ pronunciation， rhythm and emotion.　 3.然后是诗歌的随机测试，要求参赛者在听到诗歌名字和作者后背诵诗歌。前三名将获得奖励。 　Then follows a random quiz of poems， where contestants should recite this poem on hearing the title and the author.The top three winners will get an award.　（定语从句） 4.在截止日期5月2日之前报名参加比赛。 　Sign up for the contest before the deadline， 2 May.　 5.试一试，你一定会通过欣赏诗歌之美获益匪浅。 　Give it a try， and you will surely gain a lot by appreciating the beauty of poetry.　 组语篇： 　　　To arouse students’ interest in poetry and better carry forward our traditional culture， a Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest will be held at the school hall on 10 May.　 　Firstly， contestants will recite poems and judges will grade them according to contestants’ pronunciation， rhythm and emotion.Then follows a random quiz of poems， where contestants should recite this poem on hearing the title and the author.The top three winners will get an award.　 　Sign up for the contest before the deadline， 2 May.Give it a try， and you will surely gain a lot by appreciating the beauty of poetry.　 Ⅴ读后续写——玛丽在教室里一直盯着手机看，这时，老师走过来…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.老师查看教室时，注意到了玛丽。 The teacher 　was scanning the classroom when he noticed Mary　. 2.玛丽一直盯着手机，直到老师拍了拍她的肩膀她才意识到老师正站在她面前。 　With her eyes glued to/fixed on the phone， it was not until the teacher patted her on the shoulder that　 Mary realised the teacher was standing in front of her.（with 复合结构；强调句） 3.玛丽慢慢抬起眼睛，迎上老师的目光，停了一会儿，然后垂了下来。 　Mary’s eyes lifted slowly， met the teacher’s　， paused for a moment， and then dropped. 4.她使劲儿咽了咽口水，盯着地面好久，想着如何处理。 She swallowed hard， 　eyes dropped to the ground for a long moment　， wondering how she could deal with it. 5.老师紧紧地盯着她手中的手机， 耐心地等待她的解释。 　The teacher fixed/focused his eyes on the mobile phone in her hand　， waiting patiently for her explanation. 6.她抬头直视老师的眼睛，告诉了他实情。 She looked up， 　looked the teacher in the eye/looked into the teacher’s eyes　 and told him the truth.（并列谓语） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　The teacher was scanning the classroom when he noticed Mary.With her eyes glued to/fixed on the phone， it was not until the teacher patted her on the shoulder that Mary realised the teacher was standing in front of her.Mary’s eyes lifted slowly， met the teacher’s， paused for a moment， and then dropped.She swallowed hard， eyes dropped to the ground for a long moment， wondering how she could deal with it.The teacher fixed/focused his eyes on the mobile phone in her hand， waiting patiently for her explanation.Finally， she looked up， looked the teacher in the eye/looked into the teacher’s eyes and told him the truth.　 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·河南省信阳市高三上学期一模]My phone rang after I boarded the plane. It was my former PhD advisor calling to tell me that an article which had just been posted was identified errors in a paper we'd published in Nature. My stomach dropped when I knew many critics were demanding a retraction (撤回). The plane soon took off. I spent the 16­hour flight processing a mix of emotions—disbelief， embarrassment， frustration—and wondering what this would mean for my career. After the plane landed， I took out my laptop and logged on the airport WiFi so I could read the critique myself. It was harsh and thorough， pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data， which we'd gathered from other studies. The fallout was swift and intense. I received a flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues， but many were harshly critical of our work. I felt deeply embarrassed by the criticism. When it became clear that the retraction was unavoidable， I formally offered my resignation to my department head. He didn't accept it， saying a resignation wasn't needed considering the errors in the paper were honest mistakes. The experience helped me grow as a scientist. I learned that it is better to be open and responsible， even if it means admitting mistakes. I can't expect myself to know everything as a scientist and my work will be stronger if I seek out diverse expertise and opinions. In the end， the reality is that the retractions are a necessary part of the science process—and one that shouldn't be viewed only through a negative lens (透镜). Retractions can also be an opportunity to learn and improve. Honest mistakes happen， and researchers should be encouraged， not punished， for doing the right thing and retracting flawed work. 1.What news did the author get after boarding the plane？ A．Some mistakes were found in his published paper. B．His research paper would be published. C．His adviser demanded that he should retract his paper. D．His career might be influenced by his paper. 2.What does the underlined word “fallout” mean？ A．Answer. B．Pain. C．Result. D．Shame. 3.Why was the author's resignation refused？ A．He corrected his mistakes in the paper. B．He made the mistakes unintentionally. C．He had a very good reputation of honesty. D．He was believed to publish sound science. 4.What lesson did the author learn from his experience？ A．Honest mistakes are necessary in science. B．Scientists had better know everything. C．Admitting mistakes is really embarrassing. D．Mistakes can be a good chance to learn. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者发表的研究论文被发现错误而不得不撤回，但这件事也让作者明白了撤回错误是科学过程中必不可少的部分，不应该消极地看待它，因为它也是一个学习和提高的机会。 1.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My phone rang after I boarded the plane. It was my former PhD advisor calling to tell me that an article which had just been posted was identified errors in a paper we'd published in Nature.”可知，作者登上飞机后得知了自己发表的论文中被发现了一些错误。 2.答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“I received a flood of emails and messages.”可知，作者下飞机后收到了大量的电子邮件和信息，由此可推测出，这篇文章被指出错误所带来的后果非常迅速而强烈。fallout意为“后果”，与result意思最接近。 3.答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He didn't accept it， saying a resignation wasn't needed considering the errors in the paper were honest mistakes.”可知，部门领导认为作者没必要辞职，因为论文中的错误是无心之失，即作者不是故意犯错的。 4.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Retractions can also be an opportunity to learn and improve. Honest mistakes happen， and researchers should be encouraged， not punished， for doing the right thing and retracting flawed work.”可知，当出现错误时，研究人员认为收回有错的工作应该得到鼓励，撤回也是一个学习和提高的机会，由此可推测出，犯错也是一个学习的好机会。 B [2024·山东省日照市三模]“Bike buses”—adult­led group bike rides to school — are taking over neighborhoods. Many families are abandoning cars and starting a sweatier morning ride with friends， biking in organized groups led by grown­up volunteers. The effort is a call to fight against climate change， encourage exercise and reduce school drop­off traffic. Both parents and kids say it just makes the children happier. Minneapolis dad Devil Olson organized a bike bus for his local school zone. Olson says cycling creates connectivity between all walks of life. Six years ago， Olson partnered with Minneapolis Public Schools to run a 2­mile bike bus that dropped off students at two elementary schools. So far， Olson has led 11 semi­annual bike buses that have grown from about 60 participants to nearly 150. “We meet at 8 am to play soccer and have some food，”Olson said. “Then we review safety measures and start our ride. It's nothing but laughing， shouting and pure joy.” The group makes about eight stops along the way to pick up children， many of whom are accompanied by parents. “We want kids to celebrate going to school，” explained Olson， adding that the kids who participate enjoy opportunities to communicate with students in different grades. In San Francisco， Lake Bornheimer co­runs SF Bike Bus， which organized city­wide school routes， with the goal of inspiring people around the country to start bike buses. “Our first 3­mile ride included more than 100 kids， families， and adults in one trip to school，” said Bornheimer. The bike bus experience has reassured parents who were otherwise nervous about their children biking around traffic. “Our hope is to create a bike bus for every school in San Francisco，” he said. 5.Which aspect of bike buses is covered in the first paragraph？ A．Their origin. B．Their purpose. C．Their appearance. D．Their development. 6.How does a bike bus benefit children according to Olson？ A．It contributes a lot to their bravery. B．It relieves them of their learning stress. C．It increased their communication chances. D．It improved their academic performances. 7.What does Bornheimer want to do next？ A．Organize more bike buses. B．Remove parents' worries. C．Convince parents to join them. D．Design the best school routes. 8.What is the text mainly about？ A．A great source of happiness. B．A safe means of transportation. C．A rising trend of living in the US. D．A unique way of getting kids to class. B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一种新型的上学的方式——自行车巴士，即由成年人带领的团体骑自行车去学校——正在占领社区。 5.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Many families are abandoning cars and starting a sweatier morning ride with friends， biking in organized groups led by grown­up volunteers. The effort is a call to fight against climate change， encourage exercise and reduce school drop­off traffic.”可知，第一段主要介绍了自行车巴士的目的。 6.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“‘We want kids to celebrate going to school，’ explained Olson， adding that the kids who participate enjoy opportunities to communicate with students in different grades.”可知，Olson认为自行车巴士能够增加学生们交流的机会。 7.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The bike bus experience has reassured parents who were otherwise nervous about their children biking around traffic. ‘Our hope is to create a bike bus for every school in San Francisco，’ he said.”可知，Bornheimer希望能够为旧金山的每一所学校创造一辆自行车巴士，也就是创造更多的自行车巴士。 8.答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段以及最后一段“The bike bus experience has reassured parents who were otherwise nervous about their children biking around traffic. ‘Our hope is to create a bike bus for every school in San Francisco，’ he said.”可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的安全的送孩子上学的独特方式——自行车巴士。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·山东省实验中学第二次模拟]As usual， Lily bought expensive gifts for her children Alice and Peter before Christmas. Her job kept her busy， and she __1__ got to see her children during weekdays. Being a mother， she always wanted to be __2__ her children， but she placed her __3__ first， thinking earning money was more important. Lily __4__ the gifts in secret and decided to give them a day before Christmas since she had to attend a business meeting the next day. __5__， a day later， the meeting got canceled. Lily was __6__ she could spend Christmas with her family. Therefore， she decided to __7__ a party. Lily sent __8__ to all her friends and her father­in­law， Michael. Lily was worried her friends would not feel __9__ in the presence of aged people. Later that day， her children noticed the gifts she had bought. Unexpectedly， neither of them seemed __10__ to open the gifts. On Christmas Eve， Lily __11__ her friends into her house. However， she felt __12__ when she saw Michael walking in. On arrival， Michael gave Alice and Peter presents—some cookie molds (模具)！ The two kids ran happily to their grandfather and showed great __13__ for his gifts， asking him to bake cookies with them. All the guests present were moved by the scene. Lily __14__ all they want is their parents' time and __15__ not what their parents buy them. 1.A.usually B．rarely C．always D．never 2.A.around B．beyond C．without D．for 3.A.family B．heart C．body D．job 4.A.watched B．laid C．hid D．made 5.A.Fortunately B．Eventually C．Suddenly D．Amusingly 6.A.shocked B．touched C．happy D．free 7.A.attend B．throw C．delay D．rule 8.A.blesses B．regards C．letters D．invitations 9.A.confident B．warm C．relaxed D．cool 10.A.shy B．worried C．easy D．eager 11.A.welcomed B．led C．signaled D．waved 12.A.uncomfortable B．refreshed C．surprised D．calm 13.A.respect B．pity C．enthusiasm D．love 14.A.noticed B．realized C．learned D．witnessed 15.A.money B．passion C．knowledge D．attention Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述莉莉工作很忙，很少陪孩子。圣诞节来临时，她给孩子们准备了礼物，但是孩子们对莉莉的礼物并不渴望，而是对爷爷带来的礼物非常感兴趣。这让莉莉意识到孩子们需要的是父母的时间和关注，而不是给他们买了什么礼物。 1.答案与解析：B　根据上文“Her job kept her busy”可知，她的工作很忙，所以很少在工作日见到她的孩子，故选B。 2.答案与解析：A　根据上文“Being a mother”和常识可知，作为妈妈，都想和自己的孩子在一起，故选A。 3.答案与解析：D　根据下文“thinking earning money was more important”可知，此处是把工作放在第一位，故选D。 4.答案与解析：C　根据下文“the gifts in secret and decided to give them a day before Christmas”可知，此处是把礼物藏起来，故选C。 5.答案与解析：A　根据下文“the meeting got canceled”可知，会议取消了，她可以和孩子一起过圣诞节，所以是幸运的，故选A。 6.答案与解析：C　根据下文“she could spend Christmas with her family”可知，能和家人一起过圣诞节，应该是高兴的，故选C。 7.答案与解析：B　根据下文“a party”可知，她可以和家人一起过圣诞节，因此是决定举办一个聚会，故选B。 8.答案与解析：D　根据上文可知，她决定举办一个聚会，应该是邀请亲戚朋友，故选D。 9.答案与解析：C　根据本句“Lily was worried her friends would not feel __9__ in the presence of aged people.”的语境可知，应该是担心朋友们在老年人面前不自在，故选C。 10.答案与解析：D　根据上文“Later that day， her children noticed the gifts she had bought.”可知，出乎意料的是，孩子们并未着急开礼物，故选D。 11.答案与解析：A　根据前文可知，莉莉举办圣诞节派对，邀请朋友来，所以这里应是欢迎朋友，故选A。 12.答案与解析：A　根据下文“The two kids ran happily to their grandfather and showed great __13__ for his gifts， asking him to bake cookies with them.”和下文孩子对自己的礼物并不感兴趣可知，这里是感到不舒服的，故选A。 13.答案与解析：C　根据上文“On arrival， Michael gave Alice and Peter presents — some cookie molds (模具)！ The two kids ran happily to their grandfather”可知，孩子们对爷爷的礼物表现出极大的热情，故选C。 14.答案与解析：B　根据下文“all they want is their parents' time and __15__ not what their parents buy them.”可知，此处是莉莉最后意识到了孩子需要的是父母的陪伴，故选B。 15.答案与解析：D　通读这篇文章可知，孩子们需要的是父母的时间和关注，而不是给他们买了什么礼物，故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 5　POEMS 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.a historical drama 历史剧 2.as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 3.a very pretty butterfly 一只非常漂亮的蝴蝶 4.lie on the lawn 躺在草坪上 5.be full of cherry blossoms 满是樱花 6.revolve around the sun 绕太阳公转 7.beyond comprehension 无法理解 8.the latest version 最新版本 9.a new era of peace 和平时代的来临 10,a piece of string 一根细绳 11.a barren desert 贫瘠的沙漠 12.be overcome with grief 悲痛欲绝 13.seasonal variation 季节性变化 14.a dominant and selfish man一个专横自私的人 核心单词三遍熟 1.rhythm n.节奏；韵律；规律 2.folk adj. 民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的 3.recite vt. 背诵；吟诵；列举 4.dawn n. 黎明；开端；萌芽 5.amateur n. 业余爱好者 adj. 业余的；业余爱好的 6.tease vi.&. vt. 取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄 7.format n. 格式；总体安排；（出版物的）版式 vt. 格式化 8.respective adj. 分别的；各自的 9.delicate adj. 精美的；精致的；脆弱的 10.await vt. 等候；期待；将发生在 11.blank adj. 空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的； 没表情的 n. 空白；空格 12.sow vt.&. vi. 播种；种 13.seed n. 种子；起源；萌芽 14.deadline n. 最后期限；截止日期 15.contest n.比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt. 争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩 16.polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n. 上光剂；抛光；擦亮 17.wherever conj. 在任何地方；在所有······的情况下 adv. （用于问句）究竟在（到）哪里 18．complicated adj．复杂的；难懂的 19.prejudice n. 偏见；成见 vt. 使怀有（或形成）偏见 拓展单词寻规记 1．drama n．戏；剧；戏剧艺术→dramatic adj．戏剧（性）的；突然的→dramatically adv突然地；戏剧地；引人注日地 2．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事w，感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲哀的 3．imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像→imagc n．形象；印象 4．literary adj．文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n.文学 5．sympathetic adj．同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n同情，赞同 6. innocent adj．天真无邪的；无辜的；尤恶意的→innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪 7．correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系→correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信 8．variation n．变化；变体；变奏曲→vary zi．变化；不同→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n.多样性；变化 9．racial adj．种族的；人种的→race n．竞赛；种族 vi．8．v.（与······）赛跑；（与······）竞争 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 形容词词尾­ent变­ence ＝名词 ①innocent天真的→innocence天真　　　　　②absent缺席的→absence缺席；缺乏 ③evident明显的→evidence证据 ④convenient方便的→convenience方便 ⑤different不同的→difference不同 ⑥intelligent有才智的→intelligence才智 ⑦patient耐心的→patience耐心 ⑧silent沉默的→silence沉默 ⑨violent暴力的→violence暴力 ⑩diligent勤奋的→diligence勤奋 背热考单词 1．sorrow n.[U]悲伤；悲痛；[C]伤心事　vi.感到悲伤 背重点 背写作佳句 1)to one's sorrow 使某人悲伤的是 mix joy with sorrow 悲喜交加 drown one's sorrow in wine 借酒浇愁 2)sorrow at/over/for sth. 对某事感到悲伤 ①A wave of sorrow welled up within her. Tears were beginning to gather in her eyes.一阵悲伤涌上心头，她眼里涌上泪水。(读后续写情感描写) ②He sorrowed at the news of his friend's accident, his hands shaking.他听到朋友出事的消息很悲伤，双手颤抖。 2.mood n．情绪；心情；语气 背重点 背写作佳句 in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好 put sb. in a better mood 使某人心情更好 be/feel in the/no mood for sth. 有/没……的心情 be/feel in the/no mood to do sth. 有/没做某事的心情 ①Depressed, she felt in no mood to do anything but weep in her room.她很沮丧，除了在房间里哭泣，什么也不想做。(读后续写情感描写) ②Having finished a string of things，I am in the mood to walk on the lawn.做完一连串的事情后，我很想去草坪上走走。 3.correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系 背重点 背写作佳句 1)correspond with/to 与……相符/一致 correspond to 相当于；相类似 correspond with sb. 和某人通信 2)be in correspondence with... 和……通信；与……一致 I used to correspond with/be in correspondence with my friends by letters while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.我过去经常写信与朋友联络， 而现在网络使我们的沟通更方便了。 4.sympathy n.同情；赞同 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have/feel (no) sympathy for sb. (不)同情某人 in sympathy with... 赞同/支持 with sympathy 同情地 2)be/feel sympathetic to/towards... 同情…… ①Out of sympathy my mother gave some money to the poor old man.出于同情，我妈妈给了这位可怜的老人一些钱。 ②He also expressed his sympathy for the poor and common people in his poetry. 他还在诗歌中表达了对穷人和普通百姓的同情。 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．be made up of　　　　　　由……组成(构成) 2．have control over 能够控制 3．make a living 谋生 4．make sense 有意义， 讲得通 5．keep up with 赶上，跟上 6．to the point 中肯，扼要；切题 7．give it a try 试一试 8．in addition to 除……之外(还有，也) 9．in the beginning 开始，开端；起初 10．make it 成功 第二组　课文词块 1．convey certain feelings 传达特定的情感 2．folk song 民歌；民谣 3．a particular theme 一个特定主题 4．be popular with English writers 受英国作家的欢迎 5．hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想 6．compose poetry 创作诗歌 7．sow the seeds of love 播下爱的种子 8．become more complicated 变得更加复杂 9．from beginning to end 从头到尾三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：why引导的定语从句 教材原句：There are various reasons why people compose poetry．人们写诗的原因多种多样。 经典佳句： The reason why we hold this colorful event is that we can exchange ideas about the cultural differences between New Zealand and China.我们举办这次丰富多彩活动的原因是我们能就新西兰和中国之间的文化差异交换意见。 2.句型公式：be＋adj.＋to do sth. 教材原句：The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite．这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。 经典佳句：I think it is very easy to learn English well in this new method. 我认为用这种新方法学好英语很容易。 3.句型公式：by doing (作状语)主句 教材原句：By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。 经典佳句：By participating in the cultural festival, we have developed a deep friendship.通过参加文化节，我们建立了深厚的友谊。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Bernard and his parents were moved in ____________（tear） when seeing the big basket full of popcorn. 2.I went through _____________ （complicate） emotions， such as fear， anxiety and sadness， just like many other people. 3.The poet composed quite a few poems _____________ （feature） the image of cherry blossoms， and describing the joys and _____________（sorrow） of life. 4.The good-tempered man wore a ___________ （sorrow） expression when reading the poem. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1._____________ （contest） in the competition， the enthusiastic student has to finish the assignment that involves ___________ （recite） ten poems. 2.Only when we make our actions correspond __________ our words can we win the trust of others. 3.With so many types of bicycles __________ （choose） from， I was really at a loss as to which one to buy. 4.I had sympathy ____________ Tom from the bottom of my heart， who was leading a miserable life full of adversities. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.To our amazement， in the final match， the third seed， defeated Katerina Maleeva.____________　 2.And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the budget to buy one.　___________ 3.That small fishing village has now blossomed into an important port.　_______________ Ⅳ应用文写作——通知——诗歌朗诵比赛 练单句： 1.为了激发同学们对诗歌的兴趣，更好地弘扬中华民族的传统文化，我们将于5月10日在学校礼堂举行中国诗歌朗诵比赛。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.选手们将背诵诗歌，评委将根据选手的发音、节奏和情感评分。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.然后是诗歌的随机测试，要求参赛者在听到诗歌名字和作者后背诵诗歌。前三名将获得奖励。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（定语从句） 4.在截止日期5月2日之前报名参加比赛。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.试一试，你一定会通过欣赏诗歌之美获益匪浅。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 组语篇： 　　_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ读后续写——玛丽在教室里一直盯着手机看，这时，老师走过来…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.老师查看教室时，注意到了玛丽。 The teacher __________________________________________. 2.玛丽一直盯着手机，直到老师拍了拍她的肩膀她才意识到老师正站在她面前。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mary realised the teacher was standing in front of her.（with 复合结构；强调句） 3.玛丽慢慢抬起眼睛，迎上老师的目光，停了一会儿，然后垂了下来。 _____________________________________________， paused for a moment， and then dropped. 4.她使劲儿咽了咽口水，盯着地面好久，想着如何处理。 She swallowed hard， ________________________________________， wondering how she could deal with it. 5.老师紧紧地盯着她手中的手机， 耐心地等待她的解释。 _____________________________________________________________， waiting patiently for her explanation. 6.她抬头直视老师的眼睛，告诉了他实情。 She looked up， _________________________________________________ and told him the truth.（并列谓语） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·河南省信阳市高三上学期一模]My phone rang after I boarded the plane. It was my former PhD advisor calling to tell me that an article which had just been posted was identified errors in a paper we'd published in Nature. My stomach dropped when I knew many critics were demanding a retraction (撤回). The plane soon took off. I spent the 16­hour flight processing a mix of emotions—disbelief， embarrassment， frustration—and wondering what this would mean for my career. After the plane landed， I took out my laptop and logged on the airport WiFi so I could read the critique myself. It was harsh and thorough， pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data， which we'd gathered from other studies. The fallout was swift and intense. I received a flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues， but many were harshly critical of our work. I felt deeply embarrassed by the criticism. When it became clear that the retraction was unavoidable， I formally offered my resignation to my department head. He didn't accept it， saying a resignation wasn't needed considering the errors in the paper were honest mistakes. The experience helped me grow as a scientist. I learned that it is better to be open and responsible， even if it means admitting mistakes. I can't expect myself to know everything as a scientist and my work will be stronger if I seek out diverse expertise and opinions. In the end， the reality is that the retractions are a necessary part of the science process—and one that shouldn't be viewed only through a negative lens (透镜). Retractions can also be an opportunity to learn and improve. Honest mistakes happen， and researchers should be encouraged， not punished， for doing the right thing and retracting flawed work. 1.What news did the author get after boarding the plane？ A．Some mistakes were found in his published paper. B．His research paper would be published. C．His adviser demanded that he should retract his paper. D．His career might be influenced by his paper. 2.What does the underlined word “fallout” mean？ A．Answer. B．Pain. C．Result. D．Shame. 3.Why was the author's resignation refused？ A．He corrected his mistakes in the paper. B．He made the mistakes unintentionally. C．He had a very good reputation of honesty. D．He was believed to publish sound science. 4.What lesson did the author learn from his experience？ A．Honest mistakes are necessary in science. B．Scientists had better know everything. C．Admitting mistakes is really embarrassing. D．Mistakes can be a good chance to learn. B [2024·山东省日照市三模]“Bike buses”—adult­led group bike rides to school — are taking over neighborhoods. Many families are abandoning cars and starting a sweatier morning ride with friends， biking in organized groups led by grown­up volunteers. The effort is a call to fight against climate change， encourage exercise and reduce school drop­off traffic. Both parents and kids say it just makes the children happier. Minneapolis dad Devil Olson organized a bike bus for his local school zone. Olson says cycling creates connectivity between all walks of life. Six years ago， Olson partnered with Minneapolis Public Schools to run a 2­mile bike bus that dropped off students at two elementary schools. So far， Olson has led 11 semi­annual bike buses that have grown from about 60 participants to nearly 150. “We meet at 8 am to play soccer and have some food，”Olson said. “Then we review safety measures and start our ride. It's nothing but laughing， shouting and pure joy.” The group makes about eight stops along the way to pick up children， many of whom are accompanied by parents. “We want kids to celebrate going to school，” explained Olson， adding that the kids who participate enjoy opportunities to communicate with students in different grades. In San Francisco， Lake Bornheimer co­runs SF Bike Bus， which organized city­wide school routes， with the goal of inspiring people around the country to start bike buses. “Our first 3­mile ride included more than 100 kids， families， and adults in one trip to school，” said Bornheimer. The bike bus experience has reassured parents who were otherwise nervous about their children biking around traffic. “Our hope is to create a bike bus for every school in San Francisco，” he said. 5.Which aspect of bike buses is covered in the first paragraph？ A．Their origin. B．Their purpose. C．Their appearance. D．Their development. 6.How does a bike bus benefit children according to Olson？ A．It contributes a lot to their bravery. B．It relieves them of their learning stress. C．It increased their communication chances. D．It improved their academic performances. 7.What does Bornheimer want to do next？ A．Organize more bike buses. B．Remove parents' worries. C．Convince parents to join them. D．Design the best school routes. 8.What is the text mainly about？ A．A great source of happiness. B．A safe means of transportation. C．A rising trend of living in the US. D．A unique way of getting kids to class. Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·山东省实验中学第二次模拟]As usual， Lily bought expensive gifts for her children Alice and Peter before Christmas. Her job kept her busy， and she __1__ got to see her children during weekdays. Being a mother， she always wanted to be __2__ her children， but she placed her __3__ first， thinking earning money was more important. Lily __4__ the gifts in secret and decided to give them a day before Christmas since she had to attend a business meeting the next day. __5__， a day later， the meeting got canceled. Lily was __6__ she could spend Christmas with her family. Therefore， she decided to __7__ a party. Lily sent __8__ to all her friends and her father­in­law， Michael. Lily was worried her friends would not feel __9__ in the presence of aged people. Later that day， her children noticed the gifts she had bought. Unexpectedly， neither of them seemed __10__ to open the gifts. On Christmas Eve， Lily __11__ her friends into her house. However， she felt __12__ when she saw Michael walking in. On arrival， Michael gave Alice and Peter presents—some cookie molds (模具)！ The two kids ran happily to their grandfather and showed great __13__ for his gifts， asking him to bake cookies with them. All the guests present were moved by the scene. Lily __14__ all they want is their parents' time and __15__ not what their parents buy them. 1.A.usually B．rarely C．always D．never 2.A.around B．beyond C．without D．for 3.A.family B．heart C．body D．job 4.A.watched B．laid C．hid D．made 5.A.Fortunately B．Eventually C．Suddenly D．Amusingly 6.A.shocked B．touched C．happy D．free 7.A.attend B．throw C．delay D．rule 8.A.blesses B．regards C．letters D．invitations 9.A.confident B．warm C．relaxed D．cool 10.A.shy B．worried C．easy D．eager 11.A.welcomed B．led C．signaled D．waved 12.A.uncomfortable B．refreshed C．surprised D．calm 13.A.respect B．pity C．enthusiasm D．love 14.A.noticed B．realized C．learned D．witnessed 15.A.money B．passion C．knowledge D．attention 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$