Unit4Adversity and Courage-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第三册

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.adversity and courage 逆境与勇气 2.join an expedition 加入一个探险队 3.show remarkable endurance 展现出非凡的忍耐力 4.be full of vigour 充满活力 5.in a small cupboard 在一个小橱柜里 6.become a steward 成为一名乘务员 7. turn the stove off 把炉火关掉 8. live a miserable life 过着悲惨的生活 9.a dangerous voyage 一次危险的航海 10.a cosy bedroom 一间舒适的卧室 11. selfish and bad-tempered 自私且脾气坏 12.show genuine concern for others 真正关心其他人 13.bark all the time 一直叫 14.the next Rugby World Cup 下一届橄榄球世界杯赛 15.be cold and damp 又冷又湿 16. entrust the task to his nephew 把这任务托付给了他的侄儿 17．the perfect candidate for the job 这项工作的最佳候 选人 核心单词三遍熟 1.bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快 2.aboard adv.&. prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） 3.blanket n. 毯子 4.voyage n. &. vi. 航海；航行 5.navy n. 海军；海军部队 6.envy n.&.vt 羡慕；妒忌 7.crew n. （轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 8.thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 9.furniture n. 家具 10.recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 11.rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 12. motive n. 动机；原因；目的 拓展单词寻规记 1．qualified adj．符合资格；具备······的知识（或技能、学历等）→qualify v.（使）具有资格；（使）合格→qualification n.资格；资历；资格证书 2．enthusiastic adj．热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n.热情；热忱 3．assign vt．分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配 4．belongings n．［pl．］财物；动产→belong vi．属于；应在（某处） 5． selfish adj．自私的→selfishly adv．自私地→selfishness n.自私 6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 7．resolve vi．8．vt．决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n.决议；解决；坚定 8．cruel adj．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv．残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n.残忍；残酷 9．unfortunately adv． 不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately（反）adv.幸运地→fortune n.运气；财产 10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南vt．带领；引导；为······领路 11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise ut．8．vi．公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n.广告；宣传 12．loyal adj．忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实 13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt．犯（错误、罪行等）vi．8．vt．（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证→commnitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 名词后缀­tion/­ation表示状态或行为 ①qualify使有资格→qualification资格　 　　　②apply申请；应用→application申请；应用 ③introduce介绍；采用→introduction介绍；采用 ④add加→addition增加 ⑤describe描写；描述→description描写；描述 ⑥assume假定；设想→assumption假定；假设 ⑦consume消费；消耗→consumption消费；消耗 ⑧subscribe订阅→subscription订阅 背热考单词 1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be qualified for/to do sth. 有……的资格/有资格做 某事 2)qualify sb. 使某人有资格做某事 3)have the qualification for/to do 有……的资格 ①With a good command of English, I'm quite qualified for the job.我的英语很好，完全可以胜任这份工作。(申请信) ②I have taken part in several similar activities, which will qualify me for the voluntary work.我参加过几次类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(申请信) 2.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be enthusiastic about... 对……充满热情的 be enthusiastic to do sth. 对做某事充满热情 2)enthusiasm n. 热心；热忱；热情 I am Li Hua from Class 3. I'm very enthusiastic about our English speaking program. 我是3班的李华。我对我们的英语口语节目很感兴趣。[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文] 3.envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌 背重点 背写作佳句 1)envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕/嫉妒某人做某事 2)with envy 羡慕地/嫉妒地 be green with envy 嫉妒得眼红 3)be the envy of 是令……羡慕/妒忌的对象 ①I envied him being enthusiastic and full of energy and it seemed that he never felt exhausted. 我羡慕他的热情和充沛的精力，他似乎从不感到疲惫。 ②I was green with envy because she was really dressed to the teeth at the party.她在派对上穿得真华丽，我非常眼红。 4.sink (sank/sunk, sunk, sinking) vi.沉没；下沉；下降　vt.使下沉；使沉没　n．洗涤槽，水槽 背重点 背写作佳句 sink to 沉入；下沉 one's heart sinks/spirits sink 心情沉重；情绪低落 be sunk in 陷入…… a sinking feeling/ship 不祥之感/颓丧感/沉船 ①She felt desperately tired and her spirits sank． 她感到极度疲惫，情绪低落。(读后续写心理描写) ②With a sinking heart, he dragged his feet on the way home. 他心情沉重，拖着沉重的脚步回家。 5.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 背重点 背写作佳句 1)abandon oneself to (doing)sth./be abandoned to (doing) sth. 陷入/沉湎于(做)某事 abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事 abandon sb. 抛弃/遗弃某人 2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ①Lacking self­discipline, they may abandon themselves/be abandoned to playing online games.他们缺乏自律，可能会沉迷玩网络游戏。[2022·全国乙卷短文] ②We sang, danced, and laughed with abandon, forgetting the troubles in our lives.我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读后续写情感描写) 6.guidance n.指导；引导；导航 背重点 背写作佳句 1)under one's guidance ＝under the guidance of sb. 在某人的指导下 2) guide sb.to... 引导某人到…… It was under your professional guidance that we have made such rapid progress in English. 正是在你的专业指导下，我们的英语进步如此之快。 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．turn sb. down　　　　　　　拒绝(某人) 2．make fire 生火 3．give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 4．keep one's spirits up 保持某人高昂的情绪 5．cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来 6．be bored with 对……厌倦的 7．pay sb. back 回报某人 8．be/become stuck in 困住；陷于 9．be enthusiastic about 对……热情 10．hold on 坚持住；等一下；别挂断 第二组　课文词块 1．apply to join the expedition 申请加入探险之旅 2．be full of vigour 朝气蓬勃 3．set off 出发 4．personal belongings 个人物品 5．keep our spirits up 使我们保持高昂的情绪 6．go from bad to worse 每况愈下 7．make it 获得成功 8．feel low 感到沮丧 9．team spirit 团队精神 10．keep us optimistic 我们保持乐观 11．fill me with hope 让我充满希望 12．join the navy 参加海军三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：It happened that ...碰巧或恰巧…… 教材原句：Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。 经典佳句：Sam is my colleague, and it happens that we spent our childhood in the same community. 山姆是我的同事，并且我们碰巧在同一个社区长大。 2.句型公式：条件句的虚拟语气 教材原句：If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve. 要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。 经典佳句： Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.要是我撇下乔尼，妈妈肯定会不高兴的。 3.句型公式：感叹句 教材原句：How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，大家会多么羡慕我啊！ 经典佳句：How frightened we were when the polar bear opened its mouth and charged towards us! 当北极熊张开嘴向我们冲来的时候，我们是多么的害怕啊！ 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Dozens of ____________ （qualify） students took part in the campaign and practised frequently under the ___________ （guide） of some experienced writers and teachers. 2.It took the city _____________ （rough） 2 weeks to restore the garden to its former beauty. 3._________________ （advertise） persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. 4._______________ （fortunate）， they didn’t seize the opportunity to finish these ______________ （assign） ahead of time. 5.I just escaped from the flood and all my ___________ （belong） were swept away. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.In the lab， keeping things clean and _______________ （organise） can help provide a safer environment. 2.He _____________（envy） by his friends because he was selected to attend the ceremony on behalf of the company. 3.Our monitor is enthusiastic __________ creating a harmonious campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it. 4.Tom had to turn ___________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he ____________ （assign） to do an important job. 5.As is known to all， he has remained loyal ___________ his political principles and he will never betray his motherland. 6.In no sense should you lose heart； keep trying and you will make __________ sooner or later. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.To my sadness， my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking.　_____________ 2.（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.　_____________________ 3.The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died.　_________________ Ⅳ应用文写作——建议信——不要放弃学业 练单句： 1.得知你打算辍学，我写信来说服你不要放弃你的学业。 _____________________________________， I am writing to persuade you not to give up your studies. 2.我必须告诉你不要冒险。否则，没有好的教育，将来你会失去许多好机会。 I must tell you not to take risks._____________________________________________________. 3.因为你才15岁，你无法想象如果你离开学校会怎样。 As you are only 15 years old， you can’t imagine __________________________________. 4.我强烈建议你从现在开始专注于学习。 I strongly suggest that you _____________________________________. 5.作为你忠实的朋友，我将不遗余力地提供给你及时的指导。加油！ ___________________________________________________________________.Come on！ 组语篇： Dear Tom， 　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua Ⅴ读后续写——我来到詹姆斯家里，给他送圣诞礼物…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.当我走近那幢房子时，远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。 When I approached the house， a big leafy tree ___________________________. 2.我回头瞥了一眼以确保没有人跟着我。 ___________________________________ to make sure that no one was following me. 3.看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物并按了门铃。 _________________________________________， I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell.（分词短语作状语） 4.我飞快地躲到大树后，偷偷从树后望着门。 _________________________________________________and peeped at the door. 5.当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时，他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。 When James came out and spotted the box， ______________________________. 6.他的目光落在那件温暖的外套上。 ________________________________________________________ （简单句） 7.他跳起来，眼睛闪闪发光地跑去喊他的妈妈。 He jumped/leapt to his feet， _______________________________________.（独立主格结构） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 提高能力 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·重庆市高三上学期期中]The topic of China's “slash youth” has fueled heated debate on social media recently， drawing attention to the diverse pursuits of the younger generation. The slash youth， which could also be called slashers or the slash­generation， means those who refuse to be defined or bound by just one personal identity. They are keen to present themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities， such as a nurse and model， a teacher and stand­up comedian， or an engineer and band player. Rather than material comforts， they pursue meaningful achievements. A study on “slash youth” published in the China Youth Research magazine analyzes the background of this phenomenon： with part of modern society's structured organization and stability norms are broken， flexible labor markets and structural unemployment have emerged， eliminating the sense of job security for young people in employment. Young people also face the dilemma of self­actualization， including the sense of powerlessness， a lost sense of value and a lack of self­identity in their profession， which forces them to re­find the meaning of work. “The ‘slash life’ shows that our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive and it welcomes everyone's self fulfillment，” said Shi Yanrong， an associate researcher from Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences. The researcher added that in the current context where people have multiple interests and are willing to pay for these interests nowadays， the “slash life” of the youth would drive the growth of a new economy， just as animation culture affected the market. 1.Which is true about the slash youth？ A．Tending to pursue meaningful achievements. B．Enjoying posting themselves on social media. C．Adjusting themselves to challenges in life. D．Refusing to undertake multiple careers. 2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ A．The significance of flexible labor markets. B．Reasons for the appearance of slash youth. C．Young people's interest in their profession. D．Causes of losing power among the youth. 3.What does Shi Yanrong think of the slash life？ A．It can gain people's independence. B．It inspires young people's creativity. C．It can pick up an economic growth. D．It enables young people to earn high. 4.What is the purpose of the text？ A．To provide latest career guidance. B．To introduce a social phenomenon. C．To analyze a new cultural difference. D．To highlight a unique life experience. B [2024·江苏省镇江市高三学情调查]Eugene Newman Parker， a leading figure in heliospheric (日球层的) physics for the past half century， passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94. Hailed (誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics， Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker.” In 2018， Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor. Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”， a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent， causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker's research was published in 1958， his theory was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum (真空)， and was thus completely empty of any matter. But， there were no errors in his study or his calculations， and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962， when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted. That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers： “If you do something new or innovative， expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you're wrong， you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co­authored a paper with his students， thus urging them to be independent. Parker was humble， straightforward， and wise. His son Eric said， “My sister Joyce and I didn't get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker's death， they traveled to Lund， Sweden， to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy. 5.What can we learn from the second paragraph？ A．A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker. B．The sun has less effects on Earth than expected. C.Parker deserved credit for his great contributions. D．NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect. 6.Why did people view Parker's theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first？ A．It went against the popular opinion at that time. B．Some mistakes were found in his calculations. C．The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA. D．Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets. 7.What did Parker suggest young researchers do？ A．Seek close cooperation. B．Avoid high expectations. C．Learn by trial and error. D．Compete against others. 8.What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage？ A．Straightforward and generous. B．Responsible and accessible. C．Intelligent yet conservative. D．Distinguished yet modest. Ⅱ.七选五 [2024·河北省衡水市部分重点高中二模]We are all victims of climate change. Fighting with climate change can feel stressed， but there are a lot of things you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones. Experts recommend the following steps. ●__1__ Talk to your doctor about what types of alerts or weather events you should be looking out for when it comes to heat， stress interactions with medications， or exposures to heat， cold and virus. ●Prepare an emergency supply kit. This is especially important if you live in an area where flooding， hurricanes， or wildfires break out easily. Your family need to be safe. __2__ ●Eat less meat， and take more vitamins. Research found that the diets low in meat and high in fruits and vegetables were linked with less greenhouse gas emissions. __3__ Therefore， you should reduce people's vulnerability in high temperatures. ●Reduce the amount of single­use plastics in your life. The Natural Resources Defense Council says that small individual choices can add up. __4__ For example， you can carry grocery bags and a reusable water bottle and cook more at home. ●Pay attention to heat warnings， and find ways to stay cool. __5__ If you have air­conditioning， make sure it is working， or find out a place with air­conditioning， like a shopping mall， public library， or cooling shelter or community. Make sure you check on your friends during a heat wave， and ask that they check on you. A．Increase your health knowledge. B．It has tips on using easy alternatives. C．Don't be exposed to all kinds of climates. D．They could also lower risks of some diseases. E．And don't forget emergency supplies for pets！ F.Housing quality plays a huge role in your staying cool. G．Even a few hours a day of air­conditioning can avoid heat illness. Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·广东省部分名校高三联合质量检测]When thinking of traveling in Greece， your mind may wander to images of ferries cruising (巡航) across the Aegean Sea. Taking to the water is essential if you plan to travel between the Greek islands， but there 1.________ (be) plenty of other ways to enjoy Greece's amazing landscapes， including planes， trains， buses 2.________ bicycles. Cycling in Greece is growing in 3.________ (popular)， best done in spring and fall rather than high summer. Strong leg muscles are 4.________ must to tackle the mountains， or you can stick to some of the 5.________ (flat) coast roads than the mountain roads. Some are bicycle­friendly， but others have such steep roads 6.________ cycling is not recommended. Overall， cycling infrastructure around Greece leaves something to be desired. Bicycle lanes are rare to nonexistent， and there is a real danger from speeding cars —7.________ (drive) by locals and tourists alike. Bicycles may be carried for free on some ferries， while on others， there may be a fee， or they may not be allowed at all because of a lack of space on board. You can rent bicycles in most tourist hangouts， but they are not as 8.________ (wide) available as cars and motorcycles. Prices range 9.________ 10 to 20 per day， 10.________ (depend) on the type of bicycle. Always make sure the rental cost includes the use of a helmet. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.adversity and courage 逆境与勇气 2.join an expedition 加入一个探险队 3.show remarkable endurance 展现出非凡的忍耐力 4.be full of vigour 充满活力 5.in a small cupboard 在一个小橱柜里 6.become a steward 成为一名乘务员 7. turn the stove off 把炉火关掉 8. live a miserable life 过着悲惨的生活 9.a dangerous voyage 一次危险的航海 10.a cosy bedroom 一间舒适的卧室 11. selfish and bad-tempered 自私且脾气坏 12.show genuine concern for others 真正关心其他人 13.bark all the time 一直叫 14.the next Rugby World Cup 下一届橄榄球世界杯赛 15.be cold and damp 又冷又湿 16. entrust the task to his nephew 把这任务托付给了他的侄儿 17．the perfect candidate for the job 这项工作的最佳候 选人 核心单词三遍熟 1.bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快 2.aboard adv.&. prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） 3.blanket n. 毯子 4.voyage n. &. vi. 航海；航行 5.navy n. 海军；海军部队 6.envy n.&.vt 羡慕；妒忌 7.crew n. （轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 8.thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 9.furniture n. 家具 10.recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 11.rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 12. motive n. 动机；原因；目的 拓展单词寻规记 1．qualified adj．符合资格；具备······的知识（或技能、学历等）→qualify v.（使）具有资格；（使）合格→qualification n.资格；资历；资格证书 2．enthusiastic adj．热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n.热情；热忱 3．assign vt．分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配 4．belongings n．［pl．］财物；动产→belong vi．属于；应在（某处） 5． selfish adj．自私的→selfishly adv．自私地→selfishness n.自私 6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 7．resolve vi．8．vt．决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n.决议；解决；坚定 8．cruel adj．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv．残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n.残忍；残酷 9．unfortunately adv． 不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately（反）adv.幸运地→fortune n.运气；财产 10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南vt．带领；引导；为······领路 11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise ut．8．vi．公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n.广告；宣传 12．loyal adj．忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实 13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt．犯（错误、罪行等）vi．8．vt．（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证→commnitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 名词后缀­tion/­ation表示状态或行为 ①qualify使有资格→qualification资格　 　　　②apply申请；应用→application申请；应用 ③introduce介绍；采用→introduction介绍；采用 ④add加→addition增加 ⑤describe描写；描述→description描写；描述 ⑥assume假定；设想→assumption假定；假设 ⑦consume消费；消耗→consumption消费；消耗 ⑧subscribe订阅→subscription订阅 背热考单词 1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be qualified for/to do sth. 有……的资格/有资格做 某事 2)qualify sb. 使某人有资格做某事 3)have the qualification for/to do 有……的资格 ①With a good command of English, I'm quite qualified for the job.我的英语很好，完全可以胜任这份工作。(申请信) ②I have taken part in several similar activities, which will qualify me for the voluntary work.我参加过几次类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(申请信) 2.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be enthusiastic about... 对……充满热情的 be enthusiastic to do sth. 对做某事充满热情 2)enthusiasm n. 热心；热忱；热情 I am Li Hua from Class 3. I'm very enthusiastic about our English speaking program. 我是3班的李华。我对我们的英语口语节目很感兴趣。[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文] 3.envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌 背重点 背写作佳句 1)envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕/嫉妒某人做某事 2)with envy 羡慕地/嫉妒地 be green with envy 嫉妒得眼红 3)be the envy of 是令……羡慕/妒忌的对象 ①I envied him being enthusiastic and full of energy and it seemed that he never felt exhausted. 我羡慕他的热情和充沛的精力，他似乎从不感到疲惫。 ②I was green with envy because she was really dressed to the teeth at the party.她在派对上穿得真华丽，我非常眼红。 4.sink (sank/sunk, sunk, sinking) vi.沉没；下沉；下降　vt.使下沉；使沉没　n．洗涤槽，水槽 背重点 背写作佳句 sink to 沉入；下沉 one's heart sinks/spirits sink 心情沉重；情绪低落 be sunk in 陷入…… a sinking feeling/ship 不祥之感/颓丧感/沉船 ①She felt desperately tired and her spirits sank． 她感到极度疲惫，情绪低落。(读后续写心理描写) ②With a sinking heart, he dragged his feet on the way home. 他心情沉重，拖着沉重的脚步回家。 5.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 背重点 背写作佳句 1)abandon oneself to (doing)sth./be abandoned to (doing) sth. 陷入/沉湎于(做)某事 abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事 abandon sb. 抛弃/遗弃某人 2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ①Lacking self­discipline, they may abandon themselves/be abandoned to playing online games.他们缺乏自律，可能会沉迷玩网络游戏。[2022·全国乙卷短文] ②We sang, danced, and laughed with abandon, forgetting the troubles in our lives.我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读后续写情感描写) 6.guidance n.指导；引导；导航 背重点 背写作佳句 1)under one's guidance ＝under the guidance of sb. 在某人的指导下 2) guide sb.to... 引导某人到…… It was under your professional guidance that we have made such rapid progress in English. 正是在你的专业指导下，我们的英语进步如此之快。 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．turn sb. down　　　　　　　拒绝(某人) 2．make fire 生火 3．give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 4．keep one's spirits up 保持某人高昂的情绪 5．cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来 6．be bored with 对……厌倦的 7．pay sb. back 回报某人 8．be/become stuck in 困住；陷于 9．be enthusiastic about 对……热情 10．hold on 坚持住；等一下；别挂断 第二组　课文词块 1．apply to join the expedition 申请加入探险之旅 2．be full of vigour 朝气蓬勃 3．set off 出发 4．personal belongings 个人物品 5．keep our spirits up 使我们保持高昂的情绪 6．go from bad to worse 每况愈下 7．make it 获得成功 8．feel low 感到沮丧 9．team spirit 团队精神 10．keep us optimistic 我们保持乐观 11．fill me with hope 让我充满希望 12．join the navy 参加海军三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：It happened that ...碰巧或恰巧…… 教材原句：Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。 经典佳句：Sam is my colleague, and it happens that we spent our childhood in the same community. 山姆是我的同事，并且我们碰巧在同一个社区长大。 2.句型公式：条件句的虚拟语气 教材原句：If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve. 要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。 经典佳句： Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.要是我撇下乔尼，妈妈肯定会不高兴的。 3.句型公式：感叹句 教材原句：How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，大家会多么羡慕我啊！ 经典佳句：How frightened we were when the polar bear opened its mouth and charged towards us! 当北极熊张开嘴向我们冲来的时候，我们是多么的害怕啊！ 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Dozens of 　qualified　 （qualify） students took part in the campaign and practised frequently under the 　guidance　 （guide） of some experienced writers and teachers. 2.It took the city 　roughly　 （rough） 2 weeks to restore the garden to its former beauty. 3.　Advertisements　 （advertise） persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. 4.　Unfortunately　 （fortunate）， they didn’t seize the opportunity to finish these 　assignments　 （assign） ahead of time. 5.I just escaped from the flood and all my 　belongings　 （belong） were swept away. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.In the lab， keeping things clean and 　organised　 （organise） can help provide a safer environment. 2.He 　was envied　（envy） by his friends because he was selected to attend the ceremony on behalf of the company. 3.Our monitor is enthusiastic 　about　 creating a harmonious campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it. 4.Tom had to turn 　down　 the invitation to the party last weekend because he 　had been assigned　 （assign） to do an important job. 5.As is known to all， he has remained loyal 　to　 his political principles and he will never betray his motherland. 6.In no sense should you lose heart； keep trying and you will make 　it　 sooner or later. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.To my sadness， my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking.　　adj.放纵的　 2.（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.　　n.洗涤槽，水槽　 3.The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died.　　n.树皮　 Ⅳ应用文写作——建议信——不要放弃学业 练单句： 1.得知你打算辍学，我写信来说服你不要放弃你的学业。 　Learning that you are going to drop out of school　， I am writing to persuade you not to give up your studies. 2.我必须告诉你不要冒险。否则，没有好的教育，将来你会失去许多好机会。 I must tell you not to take risks.　Otherwise， you will lose many good opportunities in the future without a good education　. 3.因为你才15岁，你无法想象如果你离开学校会怎样。 As you are only 15 years old， you can’t imagine 　what will happen if you leave school　. 4.我强烈建议你从现在开始专注于学习。 I strongly suggest that you 　should be committed to studying from now on　. 5.作为你忠实的朋友，我将不遗余力地提供给你及时的指导。加油！ 　As your loyal friend， I will spare no effort to offer you timely guidance.Come on！ 组语篇： Dear Tom， 　　　Learning that you are going to drop out of school， I am writing to persuade you not to give up your studies.　 　I must tell you not to take risks.Otherwise， you will lose many good opportunities in the future without a good education.Besides， as you are only 15 years old， you can’t imagine what will happen if you leave school.So I strongly suggest that you should be committed to studying from now on.　 　As your loyal friend， I will spare no effort to offer you timely guidance.Come on！　 Yours， Li Hua Ⅴ读后续写——我来到詹姆斯家里，给他送圣诞礼物…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.当我走近那幢房子时，远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。 When I approached the house， a big leafy tree 　 came into view at some distance　. 2.我回头瞥了一眼以确保没有人跟着我。 　I glanced back over my shoulder　 to make sure that no one was following me. 3.看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物并按了门铃。 　Seeing no other people notice me　， I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell.（分词短语作状语） 4.我飞快地躲到大树后，偷偷从树后望着门。 　I hid quickly behind the big tree and peeped at the door. 5.当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时，他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。 When James came out and spotted the box， 　his eyes widened in surprise　. 6.他的目光落在那件温暖的外套上。 　His eyes fell on the warm overcoat.　 （简单句） 7.他跳起来，眼睛闪闪发光地跑去喊他的妈妈。 He jumped/leapt to his feet， 　his eyes twinkling as he ran to call his mother　.（独立主格结构） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　When I approached the house， a big leafy tree came into view at some distance.I glanced back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me.Seeing no other people notice me， I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell.After that， I hid quickly behind the big tree and peeped at the door.When James came out and spotted the box， his eyes widened in surprise.His eyes fell on the warm overcoat.Then， he jumped/leapt to his feet， his eyes twinkling as he ran to call his mother.　 提高能力 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·重庆市高三上学期期中]The topic of China's “slash youth” has fueled heated debate on social media recently， drawing attention to the diverse pursuits of the younger generation. The slash youth， which could also be called slashers or the slash­generation， means those who refuse to be defined or bound by just one personal identity. They are keen to present themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities， such as a nurse and model， a teacher and stand­up comedian， or an engineer and band player. Rather than material comforts， they pursue meaningful achievements. A study on “slash youth” published in the China Youth Research magazine analyzes the background of this phenomenon： with part of modern society's structured organization and stability norms are broken， flexible labor markets and structural unemployment have emerged， eliminating the sense of job security for young people in employment. Young people also face the dilemma of self­actualization， including the sense of powerlessness， a lost sense of value and a lack of self­identity in their profession， which forces them to re­find the meaning of work. “The ‘slash life’ shows that our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive and it welcomes everyone's self fulfillment，” said Shi Yanrong， an associate researcher from Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences. The researcher added that in the current context where people have multiple interests and are willing to pay for these interests nowadays， the “slash life” of the youth would drive the growth of a new economy， just as animation culture affected the market. 1.Which is true about the slash youth？ A．Tending to pursue meaningful achievements. B．Enjoying posting themselves on social media. C．Adjusting themselves to challenges in life. D．Refusing to undertake multiple careers. 2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ A．The significance of flexible labor markets. B．Reasons for the appearance of slash youth. C．Young people's interest in their profession. D．Causes of losing power among the youth. 3.What does Shi Yanrong think of the slash life？ A．It can gain people's independence. B．It inspires young people's creativity. C．It can pick up an economic growth. D．It enables young people to earn high. 4.What is the purpose of the text？ A．To provide latest career guidance. B．To introduce a social phenomenon. C．To analyze a new cultural difference. D．To highlight a unique life experience. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“斜杠青年”和现在的青年人为什么要成为“斜杠青年”，及他们对社会产生的影响。 1.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Rather than material comforts， they pursue meaningful achievements.”可知，关于“斜杠青年”正确的是他们倾向于追求有意义的成就。 2.答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，年轻人在就业中失去工作安全感，并且面临着自我实现的困境，包括在职业中的无力感、价值感的丧失和自我认同的缺乏，推断出第三段主要讲述了“斜杠青年”这一社会现象出现的原因。 3.答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段推断，史燕荣认为斜杠生活可以促进经济增长。 4.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段“The topic of China's ‘slash youth’ has fueled heated debate on social media recently， drawing attention to the diverse pursuits of the younger generation.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为了介绍“斜杠青年”这种社会现象。 B [2024·江苏省镇江市高三学情调查]Eugene Newman Parker， a leading figure in heliospheric (日球层的) physics for the past half century， passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94. Hailed (誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics， Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker.” In 2018， Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor. Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”， a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent， causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker's research was published in 1958， his theory was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum (真空)， and was thus completely empty of any matter. But， there were no errors in his study or his calculations， and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962， when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted. That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers： “If you do something new or innovative， expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you're wrong， you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co­authored a paper with his students， thus urging them to be independent. Parker was humble， straightforward， and wise. His son Eric said， “My sister Joyce and I didn't get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker's death， they traveled to Lund， Sweden， to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy. 5.What can we learn from the second paragraph？ A．A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker. B．The sun has less effects on Earth than expected. C.Parker deserved credit for his great contributions. D．NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect. 6.Why did people view Parker's theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first？ A．It went against the popular opinion at that time. B．Some mistakes were found in his calculations. C．The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA. D．Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets. 7.What did Parker suggest young researchers do？ A．Seek close cooperation. B．Avoid high expectations. C．Learn by trial and error. D．Compete against others. 8.What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage？ A．Straightforward and generous. B．Responsible and accessible. C．Intelligent yet conservative. D．Distinguished yet modest. B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球物理学的领军人物，尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。 5.答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.”以及“NASA even stated that ‘the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker.’”可知，帕克对整个日球物理学领域做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。 6.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“ When Parker's research was published in 1958， his theory was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.”以及“The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum (真空)， and was thus completely empty of any matter.”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度，因为它违背了当时的流行观点。故选A。 7.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers： ‘If you do something new or innovative， expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you're wrong， you want to be the first one to know that.”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。 8.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed (誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics， Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.”以及根据最后一段中“Parker was humble， straightforward， and wise.”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 [2024·河北省衡水市部分重点高中二模]We are all victims of climate change. Fighting with climate change can feel stressed， but there are a lot of things you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones. Experts recommend the following steps. ●__1__ Talk to your doctor about what types of alerts or weather events you should be looking out for when it comes to heat， stress interactions with medications， or exposures to heat， cold and virus. ●Prepare an emergency supply kit. This is especially important if you live in an area where flooding， hurricanes， or wildfires break out easily. Your family need to be safe. __2__ ●Eat less meat， and take more vitamins. Research found that the diets low in meat and high in fruits and vegetables were linked with less greenhouse gas emissions. __3__ Therefore， you should reduce people's vulnerability in high temperatures. ●Reduce the amount of single­use plastics in your life. The Natural Resources Defense Council says that small individual choices can add up. __4__ For example， you can carry grocery bags and a reusable water bottle and cook more at home. ●Pay attention to heat warnings， and find ways to stay cool. __5__ If you have air­conditioning， make sure it is working， or find out a place with air­conditioning， like a shopping mall， public library， or cooling shelter or community. Make sure you check on your friends during a heat wave， and ask that they check on you. A．Increase your health knowledge. B．It has tips on using easy alternatives. C．Don't be exposed to all kinds of climates. D．They could also lower risks of some diseases. E．And don't forget emergency supplies for pets！ F.Housing quality plays a huge role in your staying cool. G．Even a few hours a day of air­conditioning can avoid heat illness. Ⅱ.七选五 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在气候变化的情况下保护自己和家人的一些措施。 1.答案与解析：A　下文建议大家和医生谈论健康和天气话题，故A项“增加你的健康常识”为该段主旨句。 2.答案与解析：E　根据上下文可知，此处指除了人之外，宠物的应急设备也要准备。故E项“别忘了宠物的应急用品”符合语境。 3.答案与解析：D　根据该段的主旨句“少吃肉，多摄入维生素”可知，D项“它们(the diets)还可以降低患某些疾病的风险”符合语境。 4.答案与解析：B　上文指出“The Natural Resources Defense Council”提出了一些建议，故B项“它提供了使用简单替代品的建议”与上下文关系紧密。 5.答案与解析：G　根据该段首句和下文中的air­conditioning可知，G项“即使每天开几个小时的空调也可以避免中暑”与上下文关系紧密。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·广东省部分名校高三联合质量检测]When thinking of traveling in Greece， your mind may wander to images of ferries cruising (巡航) across the Aegean Sea. Taking to the water is essential if you plan to travel between the Greek islands， but there 1.________ (be) plenty of other ways to enjoy Greece's amazing landscapes， including planes， trains， buses 2.________ bicycles. Cycling in Greece is growing in 3.________ (popular)， best done in spring and fall rather than high summer. Strong leg muscles are 4.________ must to tackle the mountains， or you can stick to some of the 5.________ (flat) coast roads than the mountain roads. Some are bicycle­friendly， but others have such steep roads 6.________ cycling is not recommended. Overall， cycling infrastructure around Greece leaves something to be desired. Bicycle lanes are rare to nonexistent， and there is a real danger from speeding cars —7.________ (drive) by locals and tourists alike. Bicycles may be carried for free on some ferries， while on others， there may be a fee， or they may not be allowed at all because of a lack of space on board. You can rent bicycles in most tourist hangouts， but they are not as 8.________ (wide) available as cars and motorcycles. Prices range 9.________ 10 to 20 per day， 10.________ (depend) on the type of bicycle. Always make sure the rental cost includes the use of a helmet. Ⅲ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了希腊骑自行车旅行的好处。 1.答案与解析：are　根据上文“Taking to the water is essential”可知为一般现在时，主语为plenty of other ways，谓语用复数。故填are。 2.答案与解析：and　此处planes、trains、buses与bicycles为并列关系，应用连词and。 3.答案与解析：popularity　作介词in的宾语应用名词popularity。 4.答案与解析：a　此处must为可数名词，表示泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 5.答案与解析：flatter　据后文“than the mountain roads”可知应用形容词的比较级。故填flatter。 6.答案与解析：that　此处为such...that...引导结果状语从句。 7.答案与解析：driven　分析句子结构可知drive与逻辑主语cars构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 8.答案与解析：widely　修饰形容词available应用副词widely，故填widely。 9.答案与解析：from　短语range from...to表示“从……到……变化”。故填from。 10.答案与解析：depending　分析句子结构可知depend与其逻辑主语Prices构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填depending。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$