Unit3Environmental Protection-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第三册

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.restrict the gas emissions　　　限制气体排放 2.have an impact on Earth's ecology 对地球生态有影响 3.reduce our “carbon footprint” 减少碳足迹 4.produce more carbon dioxide 产生更多的二氧化碳 5.fossil fuel 化石燃料 6.a lovely penguin 一只可爱的企鹅 7.the Amazon Basin 亚马孙河流域 8.buy some tropical fruits　　　买一些热带水果 9.destroy the economy and create chaos 摧毁经济、制造混乱 10.a nuclear power plant 一个核电站 11.the king of the jungle 丛林之王 12.a joint enterprise 共同事业 13.garbage disposal methods 垃圾处理方法 14.discuss tomorrow's agenda 讨论明天的议程 核心单词三遍熟 1.melt vi.& vt.　　　(使)融化；熔化；软化 2.release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布 3.fuel n. 燃料；刺激性言行 4.worldwide adv. 遍及全球地 　 　　adj. 世界各地的；全世界的 5.trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向 6.broadcast vt.& vi. 播送；广播；传播 　　 　n. 广播节目；电视节目 7.policy n. 政策；方针；原则 8.reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；变革；改良 9.undergo vt.　　　　　经历；经受(变化、不快等) 10.annual adj. 每年的；一年的 　　　n. 年刊；年鉴 11.sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 12.jungle n. (热带)丛林；密林 13.smog n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物) 14.originate vi.& vt. 起源；发源；创立 15.garbage n. 垃圾；废物 16.restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复 17.dozen n. (一)打；十二个 18.fine vt. 对……处以罚款 拓展单词寻规记 1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死 2.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的 3.frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率 4.harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地 5.submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 6.conservation n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约 7.inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员 8.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 否定前缀in­表示“不……的” ①visible看得见的→invisible看不见的　　　②active活跃的→inactive不活跃的 ③direct直接的→indirect间接的 ④complete完整的→incomplete不完整的 ⑤convenient方便的→inconvenient不方便的 ⑥dependent依赖的→independent独立的 ⑦capable有能力的→incapable无能力的 ⑧significant重要的→insignificant不重要的 词根记忆法：词根form的单词网 ①form v．形成　n．表格　　　　　　　　 　②inform v．通知 ③perform v．表演；表现 ④transform v．改变；转变 ⑤uniform n．制服 ⑥platform n．平台；站台 背热考单词 1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 背重点 背写作佳句 1)starve to death 饿死 be starving for sth. 渴望某物 be starving to do sth. 渴望做某事 2)die of starvation 饿死 Penniless and starving, the child stood near the road and begged for a meal, otherwise he would starve to death． 这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。(读后续写动作描写) 2.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 背重点 背写作佳句 1)seize sth. from sb. 从某人手中夺取某物 seize sb. by the... 抓住某人……(的某个 身体部位) 2)seize the chance /opportunity to do sth. 抓住做某事的机会 3)表情感的名词＋seize sb./sb. be seized with/by＋表情感的名词，感到无比…… ①A wave of fear seized me. Shaking like a leaf, I had never been so scared in all my life.我吓得瑟瑟发抖，一辈子也没这么害怕过。(读后续写情感描写) ②He sprung to his feet，seized the money from her and dashed out. But Adam seized him by the arm and got her money back. 他一跃而起，从她手里抢过钱，冲了出去。但亚当抓住了他的胳膊，把她的钱要了回来。(读后续写动作描写) 3.submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服(give in) 背重点 背写作佳句 1)submit to 服从于；屈从于 submit oneself to... 服从…… submit...to... 向……提交…… 2)submission n. 屈服；服从 Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15. 对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。 4.campaign n.运动；战役　vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动 背重点 背写作佳句 launch/start a campaign　　发起一项运动 Our school is launching a campaign to arouse students' awareness of living a low carbon life. 我们学校正在开展一项运动来唤起学生的低碳生活意识。 5.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许 背重点 背写作佳句 1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 2)be tolerant of/towards... 对……宽容 Instead of blaming the child，she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go. 她没有责备孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，就放他走了。 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．on behalf of　　　　　　 　　代表(代替)某人 2．dozens of 许多；很多 3．refer to 参考；涉及；指的是 4．have an impact on 对……产生影响 5．lead to 导致；通向 6．end up 最终 7．contribute to 有助于；导致 8．set up 建立；开业；竖立 9．carry out 执行，实行；贯彻 10．in effect 实际上；生效 第二组　课文词块 1．Earth's ecology 地球生态 2．keep Earth's climate warm and habitable 使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住 3．be trapped in the atmosphere 被困在大气层中 4．burn fossil fuel 燃烧化石燃料 5．take appropriate action 采取适当的措施 6．reduce our “carbon footprint” 减少我们的“碳足迹” 7．seize every opportunity 抓住每一个机会 8．one of the most well­known tourist destinations 最著名的旅游目的地之一 9．head towards a clean and sustainable future 朝着清洁的、可持续发展 的未来迈进 10．set up strict regulations 制定严格的规定 11．garbage disposal methods 垃圾处理方法 12．carry out inspections regularly 定期进行检查 三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：There is little doubt that ...“毫无疑问……” 教材原句：There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。 经典佳句： There is little doubt that we benefit a lot from the Internet. 毫无疑问，我们从互联网中受益良多。[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] 2.句型公式：含蓄虚拟语气 教材原句：Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。 经典佳句： As we know, we human beings could not live without wildlife, because they play an important role in keeping the balance of nature. 众所周知，我们人类不能没有野生动物，因为它们在保持自然平衡方面起着重要作用。 3.句型公式：it is believed that... 教材原句：With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 有了这些措施，人们相信，漓江的美会被保留下来给后代。 经典佳句：It is believed that with our joint efforts, we can have cleaner oceans in the future. 人们相信，在我们的共同努力下，未来我们可以拥有更干净的海洋。[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living 　harmoniously　 （harmony） with nature once more. 2.World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated 　annually　 （annual） by consumer organisations worldwide. 3.The new 　policies　 （policy） are expected to help change the local economic situation. 4.It was not the duration of the work but the 　frequency　 （frequent） of working overtime that worried me.Even worse， my new surroundings were difficult 　to tolerate　 （tolerate）. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.In my opinion， only by facing difficulties bravely and 　seizing　 （seize） opportunities can one succeed. 2.When the team composed of five members eventually reached the destination， they almost 　starved　（starve） to death. 3.Only if you don’t submit yourself 　to　 difficulties can you make more and more progress. 4.The article was written in 1946， since when the education system 　has undergone　 （undergo） great changes. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.（2023·全国乙卷）As time went by， she thought more and more that she could make the London Games — and win.　　vt.成功获得或达到（某一位置或速度等）　 2.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.　　vt.常去，常到　 3.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas， while reducing it in other spots， leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.　　vt.刺激　 Ⅳ应用文写作——倡议书——保护社区环境 练单句： 1.毫无疑问，社区是我们共同的家，我们大部分时间都在社区生活和放松。 　There is no doubt that the community is our shared home， where we spend most time living and relaxing.　（同位语从句＋定语从句） 2.我无法容忍我们一些居民涂鸦和乱扔垃圾的不正当行为。 　I can hardly tolerate some improper behaviour among us residents： scribbling and littering everywhere.　 3.必须采取措施解决这个问题，让垃圾得到妥善处理。 　Measures/Steps must be taken to solve this issue and get the garbage properly disposed of.　 4.我们社区需要更多垃圾桶，这样居民就可以更方便扔垃圾了。 　More garbage cans are needed in our neighbourhood， in which case residents can throw garbage more conveniently.　 5.应该鼓励居民养成良好的习惯和环保意识。 　Residents should be encouraged to develop good habits and awareness of environmental protection.　 6.实际上，所有居民的共同努力将有助于建设一个更和谐、更宜居的社区。 　In effect， the joint efforts of all residents will contribute to a more harmonious and habitable community.　 组语篇： Dear neighbours， 　There is no doubt that community is our shared home， where we spend most time living and relaxing.However， I can hardly tolerate some improper behaviour among us residents： scribbling and littering everywhere.Measures/Steps must be taken to solve this issue and get the garbage properly disposed of.　 　In my view， more garbage cans are needed in our neighbourhood， in which case residents can throw garbage more conveniently.Meanwhile， residents should be encouraged to develop good habits and awareness of environmental protection.　 　In effect， the joint efforts of all residents will contribute to a more harmonious and habitable community.　 Ⅴ读后续写——约翰跳下卡车，朝大楼飞奔而去，但是一个保安走过来阻止了他…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.约翰不再犹豫，跳下卡车，朝大楼飞奔而去。 No longer hesitating， 　John jumped off the truck and flew towards the building　. 2.他从后门溜进大楼，希望没人注意到他。 　He stole/slid into the building from the back door， hoping no one would notice him.　 （简单句＋分词作状语） 3.一个保安走过来，礼貌地问他和谁有约。 　A security guard approached　 and asked politely whom he had made an appointment with.（简单句） 4.男人向出口冲去，惊恐地逃走了。 　The man dashed/rushed for the exit， and escaped in great panic.　 （简单句） 5.他飞奔回家，冲进卧室。 　Racing/Dashing/Running home， he burst into the bedroom.　 （分词作状语） 6.他开始皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去。 　He started pacing up and down in the room with a frown on his face.　 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　No longer hesitating， John jumped off the truck and flew towards the building.He stole/slid into the building from the back door， hoping no one would notice him.However， a security guard approached and asked politely whom he had made an appointment with.The man dashed/rushed for the exit， and escaped in great panic.Racing/Dashing/Running home， he burst into the bedroom.Then he started pacing up and down in the room with a frown on his face.　 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·安徽江淮十校高三第一次联考]A 12­year­old girl， Eleanor Woods， has created a green backpack that filters (过滤) out air pollution. Her innovative bag won the award of the “Backpack to the Future” competition. The competition was launched to encourage students to combine an interest in fashion with a career in science， technology， engineering or maths. Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo—a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy—the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby. Air pollution was always Eleanor's concern. Meanwhile， spending a lot of time with her asthmatic (患哮喘病的) mum， Eleanor especially focused on how pollution affects a person's health and the spread of diseases. “We have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma. But what if she wants to go out？ It would be inconvenient and dangerous！ My Breathe Better Backpack is about keeping those like my mother safe using an air filter. It looks cool and will help get them outside and fight off colds，” Eleanor said. The girl added， “My generation has really realized pollution， and we have lessons on it at school. This is another reason why I designed this， because we need to do something.” The Breathe Better Backpack came under the spotlight in the competition. Stratton Smith， one of the judges of the competition， said the impact of Eleanor's design would be far­reaching. “If just a few people start using it， it can be really good for the planet，” he explained. 1.What inspired Eleanor Woods to design the backpack？ A．The award of the competition. B．High expenses of air filters. C．Stratton Smith's behaviour. D．Her concern for air pollution. 2.What do we know about the backpack？ A．It collects polluted air. B．It is powered by wind. C．It is of practical use. D．It sells well at present. 3.Who will most probably benefit from the backpack？ A．Students living in poverty. B．Those suffering from asthma. C．People working in an open way. D．Judges worried about pollution. 4.Which of the following best describes Eleanor Woods？ A．Humorous and modest. B．Ambitious and selfless. C．Confident and fearless. D．Creative and considerate. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了12岁的女孩Eleanor Woods在经历了母亲患有哮喘病不方便出门，又意识到大气污染的负面影响之后，设计出能够过滤空气的背包。 1.答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段“Air pollution was always Eleanor's concern.”以及第五段“My generation has really realized pollution， and we have lessons on it at school. This is another reason why I designed this， because we need to do something.”可知，Eleanor Woods对大气污染的担忧激发了她发明过滤空气背包。 2.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo—a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy—the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby.”以及第四段“It looks cool and will help get them outside and fight off colds，”可知，Eleanor Woods发明的背包能够过滤空气，是有实际用处的。 3.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段“We have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma. But what if she wants to go out？ It would be inconvenient and dangerous！ My Breathe Better Backpack is about keeping those like my mother safe using an air filter.”可知，这款背包可让哮喘患者安全出门，推测哮喘病患者可能从背包中受益。 4.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段“A 12­year­old girl， Eleanor Woods， has created a green backpack that filters out air pollution. Her innovative bag won the award of the ‘Backpack to the Future’ competition.”以及第四段“Air pollution was always Eleanor's concern. Meanwhile， spending a lot of time with her asthmatic mum， Eleanor especially focused on how pollution affects a person's health and the spread of diseases. ”可知，Eleanor Woods关心空气污染，花很多时间陪伴自己的母亲，发明能够过滤空气的背包，Eleanor Woods是有创造力且体贴的。 B [2024·山东省潍坊市高三素养能力测评]In recent years， lots of American companies have gotten behind a potential climate solution called carbon capture and storage， and the government has backed it with billions of dollars in tax preferences and direct investments. The idea is to trap planet­heating carbon dioxide from the smokestacks of factories and power plants and ship it to sites via thousands of miles of new pipelines. Communities nationwide are pushing back against these pipeline construction and underground sites， arguing they don't want the pollution running through their land. Now the U. S. Forest Service is proposing to change a rule to allow storing this carbon dioxide pollution under the country's national forests and grasslands. “Authorizing carbon capture and storage on National Forest System (NFS) lands would support the Administration's goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent below the 2005 levels by 2030，” the proposed rule change says. Some experts， like June Sekera， a research fellow with Boston University， question the timing of the proposed rule change， given community pushback across the country to pipelines planned on private land. Yet she says the Forest Service proposal to open up national parks for CO2 storage is “an__end__run around local towns and counties. And it's a much simpler and less expensive route.” In an email， Scott Owen， press officer for the Forest Service， writes that the proposed rule change would allow the Forest Service to consider proposals for carbon capture and storage projects. He writes that any proposals must still pass through a secondary screening， adding， “The Forest Service has been ‘screening’ proposals for use of NFS lands for over 20 years as a means to be increasingly consistent in our processes and also to be able to reject those uses that are inconsistent with the management of the public's land.” He notes that the Forest Service currently does not have any carbon capture project proposals under consideration. The Forest Service has opened public comments on the proposed rule change until Jan. 2， 2024. 5.What does the Forest Service intend to do by changing a rule？ A．Answer the appeals of communities. B．Provide legal space for carbon storage. C．Enlarge national pipeline storage capacity. D．Loosen tax burden on American companies. 6.What does the underlined phrase “an end run” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A．An eventful act. B．A desperate try. C．An alternative way. D．A breathtaking race. 7.What can we infer about carbon capture project from the last paragraph？ A．It is still up in the air. B．It is dead in the water. C．It is widely recognized. D．It is far from satisfactory. 8.What does the text mainly talk about？ A．A fruitful research. B．A timely rule change. C．An authorized project. D．A controversial proposal. B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。近年来，许多美国公司都支持一种潜在的气候解决方案，即碳捕获和储存，政府也以数十亿美元的税收优惠和直接投资来支持它。文章主要说明了美国林务局提议修改规定，允许将二氧化碳污染储存在国家森林和草原之下，文章列举了一些人对此做法的不同看法。 5.答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，林务局改变规则的目的是为碳储存提供法律空间。 6.答案与解析：C　词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“And it's a much simpler and less expensive route.”可知，后文提到开放国家公园储存二氧化碳的提议是一条更简单、更便宜的路线，即是“绕过当地城镇和县的另一种方式”。故画线词意思是“另一种方式”。 7.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“He notes that the Forest Service currently does not have any carbon capture project proposals under consideration. The Forest Service has opened public comments on the proposed rule change until Jan. 2， 2024.”可推知，碳捕获项目还没定下来。 8.答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now the U. S. Forest Service is proposing to change a rule to allow storing this carbon dioxide pollution under the country's national forests and grasslands.”结合文章主要说明了美国林务局提议修改规定，允许将二氧化碳污染储存在国家森林和草原之下，文章列举了一些人对此做法的不同看法。可知，这篇文章主要讲了一项有争议的提议。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·山东省潍坊市高三素养能力测评]In 2014， XuYitang， a student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts， saw corals at an aquarium for the first time. Little did he know the chance __1__ with the creature would spark a lifelong __2__. He began to __3__ the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants， fish and corals. He also searched for information on relevant forums online， and before long， started __4__ a coral in a small fish tank at home. “The coral organism is quite __5__ and has extremely high __6__ for water quality，” recalls Xu. “In the beginning， its state was not good.” As he became better __7__ about the creature， he learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean， providing __8__ for a quarter of all marine life. __9__ ， rising sea temperatures have led to coral __10__. Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and __11__ to protect them. Fast­forward to today，he __12__ a coral conservationist in a Sanya­based tropical biological research center. Each day， he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and __13__ the growth and development of the creatures. His story has been __14__ in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth that aims to use documentary shorts and in­depth studio interviews to __15__ the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life. 1.A.incident B．witness C．encounter D．appointment 2.A.passion B．vision C．friendship D．career 3.A.study B．frequent C．examine D．discover 4.A.treating B．preserving C．selecting D．growing 5.A.tough B．smooth C．delicate D．impressive 6.A.benefits B．requirements C．expenses D．responses 7.A.reminded B．informed C．warned D．convinced 8.A.shelters B．partners C．opportunities D．services 9.A.Somehow B．Nevertheless C．Therefore D．Unfortunately 10.A.extinction B．variation C．decline D．expansion 11.A.responsibility B．relief C．achievement D．belonging 12.A.consults with B．applies for C．seeks out D．acts as 13.A.find out B．note down C．show off D．speed up 14.A.revised B．contributed C．announced D．featured 15.A.assess B．follow C．relate D．invent Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了徐益堂2014年偶然间在水族馆看到了珊瑚，喜欢上了珊瑚，于是开始了解并且自己培育珊瑚。如今，他抓住机会成为了一名珊瑚保护主义者，他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《燃烧的青春》报道。 1.答案与解析：C　句意：他一点也不知道与这个生物的偶然相遇会点燃他一生的激情。根据后文“He began to __3__ the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants， fish and corals.”他看到珊瑚，喜欢上了珊瑚，可知是一次和珊瑚的偶然相遇。 2.答案与解析：A　根据后文“learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants， fish and corals”可知，徐益堂了解并且自己养殖珊瑚，可知喜欢上了珊瑚，成了一生的爱好。 3.答案与解析：B　句意：他开始经常去当地的市场，向卖植物、鱼和珊瑚的商人学习珊瑚养殖。根据后文“the local market to learn about coral farming”指常去当地的市场，了解珊瑚。 4.答案与解析：D　句意：他还在网上搜索了相关论坛的信息，不久之后，他开始在家里的一个小鱼缸里种植珊瑚。根据后文“a coral in a small fish tank at home”可知设置鱼缸是为了种植珊瑚。 5.答案与解析：C　句意：“珊瑚生物非常脆弱，对水质的要求非常高，”徐回忆说。后文提到珊瑚对水质要求高，说明脆弱。 6.答案与解析：B　根据后文“for water quality”此处指珊瑚对水质的要求高。 7.答案与解析：B　句意：随着他对这种生物了解的加深，他了解到珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了避难所。根据上文“He also searched for information on relevant forums online”此处指他对这种生物了解的加深，故选B。 8.答案与解析：A　根据上文“coral reefs are known as ‘tropical rainforests’ and ‘underwater gardens’ of the ocean”可知，珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”是因为它为四分之一的海洋生物提供了避难所。 9.答案与解析：D　根据后文“rising sea temperatures”可知，海洋温度升高导致珊瑚减少，是不幸的。 10.答案与解析：C　根据后文“to protect them”珊瑚需要保护，是因为气候导致了它们减少。 11.答案与解析：A　根据上文“Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and”指保护珊瑚的紧迫感和责任感。 12.答案与解析：D　根据后文“a coral conservationist in a Sanya­based tropical biological research center”指他担任珊瑚保护主义者。 13.答案与解析：B　根据后文“the growth and development of the creatures.”可知，潜入海里是为了记录这些生物的生长发育。 14.答案与解析：D　句意：他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《燃烧的青春》报道，该节目旨在用纪录片短片和深入的演播室采访来讲述来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。根据后文“in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth”指他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《燃烧的青春》报道，应用featured。 15.答案与解析：C　根据后文“the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life”可知，这个节目讲述了来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.restrict the gas emissions　　　限制气体排放 2.have an impact on Earth's ecology 对地球生态有影响 3.reduce our “carbon footprint” 减少碳足迹 4.produce more carbon dioxide 产生更多的二氧化碳 5.fossil fuel 化石燃料 6.a lovely penguin 一只可爱的企鹅 7.the Amazon Basin 亚马孙河流域 8.buy some tropical fruits　　　买一些热带水果 9.destroy the economy and create chaos 摧毁经济、制造混乱 10.a nuclear power plant 一个核电站 11.the king of the jungle 丛林之王 12.a joint enterprise 共同事业 13.garbage disposal methods 垃圾处理方法 14.discuss tomorrow's agenda 讨论明天的议程 核心单词三遍熟 1.melt vi.& vt.　　　(使)融化；熔化；软化 2.release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布 3.fuel n. 燃料；刺激性言行 4.worldwide adv. 遍及全球地 　 　　adj. 世界各地的；全世界的 5.trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向 6.broadcast vt.& vi. 播送；广播；传播 　　 　n. 广播节目；电视节目 7.policy n. 政策；方针；原则 8.reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；变革；改良 9.undergo vt.　　　　　经历；经受(变化、不快等) 10.annual adj. 每年的；一年的 　　　n. 年刊；年鉴 11.sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 12.jungle n. (热带)丛林；密林 13.smog n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物) 14.originate vi.& vt. 起源；发源；创立 15.garbage n. 垃圾；废物 16.restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复 17.dozen n. (一)打；十二个 18.fine vt. 对……处以罚款 拓展单词寻规记 1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死 2.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的 3.frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率 4.harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地 5.submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 6.conservation n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约 7.inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员 8.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 否定前缀in­表示“不……的” ①visible看得见的→invisible看不见的　　　②active活跃的→inactive不活跃的 ③direct直接的→indirect间接的 ④complete完整的→incomplete不完整的 ⑤convenient方便的→inconvenient不方便的 ⑥dependent依赖的→independent独立的 ⑦capable有能力的→incapable无能力的 ⑧significant重要的→insignificant不重要的 词根记忆法：词根form的单词网 ①form v．形成　n．表格　　　　　　　　 　②inform v．通知 ③perform v．表演；表现 ④transform v．改变；转变 ⑤uniform n．制服 ⑥platform n．平台；站台 背热考单词 1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 背重点 背写作佳句 1)starve to death 饿死 be starving for sth. 渴望某物 be starving to do sth. 渴望做某事 2)die of starvation 饿死 Penniless and starving, the child stood near the road and begged for a meal, otherwise he would starve to death． 这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。(读后续写动作描写) 2.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 背重点 背写作佳句 1)seize sth. from sb. 从某人手中夺取某物 seize sb. by the... 抓住某人……(的某个 身体部位) 2)seize the chance /opportunity to do sth. 抓住做某事的机会 3)表情感的名词＋seize sb./sb. be seized with/by＋表情感的名词，感到无比…… ①A wave of fear seized me. Shaking like a leaf, I had never been so scared in all my life.我吓得瑟瑟发抖，一辈子也没这么害怕过。(读后续写情感描写) ②He sprung to his feet，seized the money from her and dashed out. But Adam seized him by the arm and got her money back. 他一跃而起，从她手里抢过钱，冲了出去。但亚当抓住了他的胳膊，把她的钱要了回来。(读后续写动作描写) 3.submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服(give in) 背重点 背写作佳句 1)submit to 服从于；屈从于 submit oneself to... 服从…… submit...to... 向……提交…… 2)submission n. 屈服；服从 Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15. 对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。 4.campaign n.运动；战役　vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动 背重点 背写作佳句 launch/start a campaign　　发起一项运动 Our school is launching a campaign to arouse students' awareness of living a low carbon life. 我们学校正在开展一项运动来唤起学生的低碳生活意识。 5.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许 背重点 背写作佳句 1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 2)be tolerant of/towards... 对……宽容 Instead of blaming the child，she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go. 她没有责备孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，就放他走了。 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．on behalf of　　　　　　 　　代表(代替)某人 2．dozens of 许多；很多 3．refer to 参考；涉及；指的是 4．have an impact on 对……产生影响 5．lead to 导致；通向 6．end up 最终 7．contribute to 有助于；导致 8．set up 建立；开业；竖立 9．carry out 执行，实行；贯彻 10．in effect 实际上；生效 第二组　课文词块 1．Earth's ecology 地球生态 2．keep Earth's climate warm and habitable 使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住 3．be trapped in the atmosphere 被困在大气层中 4．burn fossil fuel 燃烧化石燃料 5．take appropriate action 采取适当的措施 6．reduce our “carbon footprint” 减少我们的“碳足迹” 7．seize every opportunity 抓住每一个机会 8．one of the most well­known tourist destinations 最著名的旅游目的地之一 9．head towards a clean and sustainable future 朝着清洁的、可持续发展 的未来迈进 10．set up strict regulations 制定严格的规定 11．garbage disposal methods 垃圾处理方法 12．carry out inspections regularly 定期进行检查 三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：There is little doubt that ...“毫无疑问……” 教材原句：There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。 经典佳句： There is little doubt that we benefit a lot from the Internet. 毫无疑问，我们从互联网中受益良多。[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] 2.句型公式：含蓄虚拟语气 教材原句：Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。 经典佳句： As we know, we human beings could not live without wildlife, because they play an important role in keeping the balance of nature. 众所周知，我们人类不能没有野生动物，因为它们在保持自然平衡方面起着重要作用。 3.句型公式：it is believed that... 教材原句：With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 有了这些措施，人们相信，漓江的美会被保留下来给后代。 经典佳句：It is believed that with our joint efforts, we can have cleaner oceans in the future. 人们相信，在我们的共同努力下，未来我们可以拥有更干净的海洋。[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living _____________ （harmony） with nature once more. 2.World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated ___________ （annual） by consumer organisations worldwide. 3.The new __________ （policy） are expected to help change the local economic situation. 4.It was not the duration of the work but the ___________ （frequent） of working overtime that worried me.Even worse， my new surroundings were difficult ____________（tolerate）. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.In my opinion， only by facing difficulties bravely and _____________ （seize） opportunities can one succeed. 2.When the team composed of five members eventually reached the destination， they almost 　____________（starve） to death. 3.Only if you don’t submit yourself _________ difficulties can you make more and more progress. 4.The article was written in 1946， since when the education system ___________ （undergo） great changes. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.（2023·全国乙卷）As time went by， she thought more and more that she could make the London Games — and win.　_________________________ 2.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.　_________________ 3.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas， while reducing it in other spots， leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.　________________ Ⅳ应用文写作——倡议书——保护社区环境 练单句： 1.毫无疑问，社区是我们共同的家，我们大部分时间都在社区生活和放松。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________（同位语从句＋定语从句） 2.我无法容忍我们一些居民涂鸦和乱扔垃圾的不正当行为。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.必须采取措施解决这个问题，让垃圾得到妥善处理。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.我们社区需要更多垃圾桶，这样居民就可以更方便扔垃圾了。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.应该鼓励居民养成良好的习惯和环保意识。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.实际上，所有居民的共同努力将有助于建设一个更和谐、更宜居的社区。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 组语篇： Dear neighbours， __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ读后续写——约翰跳下卡车，朝大楼飞奔而去，但是一个保安走过来阻止了他…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.约翰不再犹豫，跳下卡车，朝大楼飞奔而去。 No longer hesitating， __________________________________________________________. 2.他从后门溜进大楼，希望没人注意到他。 ____________________________________________________________________ （简单句＋分词作状语） 3.一个保安走过来，礼貌地问他和谁有约。 __________________________________ and asked politely whom he had made an appointment with.（简单句） 4.男人向出口冲去，惊恐地逃走了。 ___________________________________________________________________（简单句） 5.他飞奔回家，冲进卧室。 ____________________________________________________________ （分词作状语） 6.他开始皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去。 __________________________________________________________________________ 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·安徽江淮十校高三第一次联考]A 12­year­old girl， Eleanor Woods， has created a green backpack that filters (过滤) out air pollution. Her innovative bag won the award of the “Backpack to the Future” competition. The competition was launched to encourage students to combine an interest in fashion with a career in science， technology， engineering or maths. Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo—a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy—the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby. Air pollution was always Eleanor's concern. Meanwhile， spending a lot of time with her asthmatic (患哮喘病的) mum， Eleanor especially focused on how pollution affects a person's health and the spread of diseases. “We have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma. But what if she wants to go out？ It would be inconvenient and dangerous！ My Breathe Better Backpack is about keeping those like my mother safe using an air filter. It looks cool and will help get them outside and fight off colds，” Eleanor said. The girl added， “My generation has really realized pollution， and we have lessons on it at school. This is another reason why I designed this， because we need to do something.” The Breathe Better Backpack came under the spotlight in the competition. Stratton Smith， one of the judges of the competition， said the impact of Eleanor's design would be far­reaching. “If just a few people start using it， it can be really good for the planet，” he explained. 1.What inspired Eleanor Woods to design the backpack？ A．The award of the competition. B．High expenses of air filters. C．Stratton Smith's behaviour. D．Her concern for air pollution. 2.What do we know about the backpack？ A．It collects polluted air. B．It is powered by wind. C．It is of practical use. D．It sells well at present. 3.Who will most probably benefit from the backpack？ A．Students living in poverty. B．Those suffering from asthma. C．People working in an open way. D．Judges worried about pollution. 4.Which of the following best describes Eleanor Woods？ A．Humorous and modest. B．Ambitious and selfless. C．Confident and fearless. D．Creative and considerate. B [2024·山东省潍坊市高三素养能力测评]In recent years， lots of American companies have gotten behind a potential climate solution called carbon capture and storage， and the government has backed it with billions of dollars in tax preferences and direct investments. The idea is to trap planet­heating carbon dioxide from the smokestacks of factories and power plants and ship it to sites via thousands of miles of new pipelines. Communities nationwide are pushing back against these pipeline construction and underground sites， arguing they don't want the pollution running through their land. Now the U. S. Forest Service is proposing to change a rule to allow storing this carbon dioxide pollution under the country's national forests and grasslands. “Authorizing carbon capture and storage on National Forest System (NFS) lands would support the Administration's goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent below the 2005 levels by 2030，” the proposed rule change says. Some experts， like June Sekera， a research fellow with Boston University， question the timing of the proposed rule change， given community pushback across the country to pipelines planned on private land. Yet she says the Forest Service proposal to open up national parks for CO2 storage is “an__end__run around local towns and counties. And it's a much simpler and less expensive route.” In an email， Scott Owen， press officer for the Forest Service， writes that the proposed rule change would allow the Forest Service to consider proposals for carbon capture and storage projects. He writes that any proposals must still pass through a secondary screening， adding， “The Forest Service has been ‘screening’ proposals for use of NFS lands for over 20 years as a means to be increasingly consistent in our processes and also to be able to reject those uses that are inconsistent with the management of the public's land.” He notes that the Forest Service currently does not have any carbon capture project proposals under consideration. The Forest Service has opened public comments on the proposed rule change until Jan. 2， 2024. 5.What does the Forest Service intend to do by changing a rule？ A．Answer the appeals of communities. B．Provide legal space for carbon storage. C．Enlarge national pipeline storage capacity. D．Loosen tax burden on American companies. 6.What does the underlined phrase “an end run” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A．An eventful act. B．A desperate try. C．An alternative way. D．A breathtaking race. 7.What can we infer about carbon capture project from the last paragraph？ A．It is still up in the air. B．It is dead in the water. C．It is widely recognized. D．It is far from satisfactory. 8.What does the text mainly talk about？ A．A fruitful research. B．A timely rule change. C．An authorized project. D．A controversial proposal. Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·山东省潍坊市高三素养能力测评]In 2014， XuYitang， a student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts， saw corals at an aquarium for the first time. Little did he know the chance __1__ with the creature would spark a lifelong __2__. He began to __3__ the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants， fish and corals. He also searched for information on relevant forums online， and before long， started __4__ a coral in a small fish tank at home. “The coral organism is quite __5__ and has extremely high __6__ for water quality，” recalls Xu. “In the beginning， its state was not good.” As he became better __7__ about the creature， he learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean， providing __8__ for a quarter of all marine life. __9__ ， rising sea temperatures have led to coral __10__. Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and __11__ to protect them. Fast­forward to today，he __12__ a coral conservationist in a Sanya­based tropical biological research center. Each day， he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and __13__ the growth and development of the creatures. His story has been __14__ in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth that aims to use documentary shorts and in­depth studio interviews to __15__ the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life. 1.A.incident B．witness C．encounter D．appointment 2.A.passion B．vision C．friendship D．career 3.A.study B．frequent C．examine D．discover 4.A.treating B．preserving C．selecting D．growing 5.A.tough B．smooth C．delicate D．impressive 6.A.benefits B．requirements C．expenses D．responses 7.A.reminded B．informed C．warned D．convinced 8.A.shelters B．partners C．opportunities D．services 9.A.Somehow B．Nevertheless C．Therefore D．Unfortunately 10.A.extinction B．variation C．decline D．expansion 11.A.responsibility B．relief C．achievement D．belonging 12.A.consults with B．applies for C．seeks out D．acts as 13.A.find out B．note down C．show off D．speed up 14.A.revised B．contributed C．announced D．featured 15.A.assess B．follow C．relate D．invent 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$