Unit4Body Language-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第一册

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.an identical gesture 一个同样的手势 2. put one's arm around one's waist搂住某人的腰 3.break down barriers 打破障碍 4.fake certificates 假凭证 5.internal injuries 内伤 6.reveal a secret 泄露一条秘密 7.catch sb. a blow on the chin 一拳打在某人下巴上 8.a chest infection 胸部感染 9.inquire about my book 询问我的书 10.have to intervene to prevent the situation worsening 不到不干预以阻止形式变的更糟 11.electronic component 电子零件 12.a tone of surprise 一种惊奇的口气 核心单词三遍熟 1.appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 2.gesture n. 手势；姿势；姿态 3.cheek n. 面颊；脸颊 4.bow vi. 鞠躬；点头 vt. 低（头）n.弓；蝴蝶结 5.incident n. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突 6.twin adj. 双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n. 孪生之一；双胞胎之一 7．bend vt． ＆ vi．（bent，bent）（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向 8.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 9.lower vt. 把······放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的 10.stare vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视 11.ceiling n. 天花板；上限 12.distract vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心 13.chest n. 胸部；胸膛 14.merely adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过 15.bother vi.&.vt. 费心；麻烦；因······操心 麻烦；不便 16.weep vi. &. vt. 哭泣；流泪 17.conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触 18.ultimately adv. 最终；最后 19. tone n.语气；腔调；口吻 拓展单词寻规记 1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact vi.相互交流；相互影响 2．vary vi．（根据情况）变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n.多样性；变化；种类 3．approve vi．赞成；同意 vt．批准；通过→approval n.赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 4．employ vt．使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n.雇主；雇用者→employment n.雇用；聘用 5．differ vi．相异；不同于→different adj．不同的；有差异的→difference n.差别；差异 6．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt．使生气；激怒→angry adj．生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地 7．reliable adj．可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi．依赖；信赖 8．slight adj．轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv．略微；稍微 9．assess vt．评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定 10．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate ut．教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n.教育 11．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend vt．8．vi．照料；护理vi.倾向于；有......的趋势 12． barely adv．几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bareadj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 13．occupy vt．占据；占用→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n.占领；职业 14．distinguish vi．8．vt．区分；辨别→distinguished adj．卓越的；杰出的 15．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地 16. embarrassed adj．难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj．使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬 17．ashamed adj．羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 18．adjust v．调整；调节 vi．8．vt．适应；（使）习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n.调整；调节；适应 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 名词后缀­al表示行为状态等 ①approve批准；认可；赞成→approval批准；认可；赞成　②arrive到达→arrival到达；到达者；到达物 ③survive存活；幸存→survival存活；幸存 ④remove移走；消除；开除→removal移走；拿走；消除；开除 ⑤dispose处理→disposal清除；处理 ⑥deny否认→denial否认 ⑦bury埋葬→burial埋葬；葬礼 ⑧festive节日的→festival节日 背热考单词 1．approve vi.赞成；同意　vt.批准；通过 背重点 背写作佳句 1)approve sth. 　　　　　　　通过/批准某事 approve of (sb./sb.' s) doing sth. 同意(某人)做某事 2)win one's approval 得到某人的批准/同意 give (one's) approval to 同意；批准 ①Hopefully, you can approve of my ideas and perfect our library.希望你能同意我的想法并改造图书馆。(建议信) ②My father nodded approvingly and gave his approval to my decision to go to the farm again.父亲赞许地点点头，同意了我再次去农场的决定。[2021·浙江卷读后续写] 2.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证　n．目击者；证人 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be (a) witness to sth. 　目击/看见(某事发生) give witness to ... 为……作证 2)witness sth. 目击/目睹某事 3)时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth. 某时/某地目睹/见证了…… ①Your success in the competition is a witness to your hard work.你在比赛中的成功是你努力的见证。(祝贺信) ②The neighborhood witnessed a poorly­dressed boy selling popcorn from door to door. 穿得破破烂烂的男孩在附近走家串户卖爆米花。 3.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用 背重点 背写作佳句 1)employ sb. to do sth. 　　　雇用/聘请某人做某事 employ sb. as ... 雇用/聘请某人担任…… 2)be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事 3)employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板 employee n. 雇工；雇员 employment n. 职业；工作 ①My mother is a teacher whose time is employed in teaching and taking care of the family. 我妈妈是老师，她的时间都用在教学和照顾家人上。 ②The next three weeks witnessed me employed in the project. 接下来的三周我忙于该课题。 4.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于　n．帮助；恩惠；赞同 背重点 背写作佳句 1) 　　　　帮某人忙 2)in sb.'s favour 对某人有利的 in favour of 支持；赞同 I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play. 我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，指导我们修改一部短剧。(求助信) 5.occupy vt.占据；占用 背重点 背写作佳句 1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 　　　　　　　　　　　忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 2)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 忙于某事 3)keep sb./oneself occupied 使某人/自己忙碌 The twins soon found themselves occupied in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself with the breakfast. 双胞胎很快忙于打扫厨房，他们的父亲则忙着做早餐。[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写] 6.distinguish vi.& vt. 区分；辨别 背重点 背写作佳句 1)distinguish between ... and ... 　　　　　　　　　　　区分/辨别………… distinguish ... from ... 使……有别于…… distinguish oneself to be/as... 作为……而出名 2)be distinguished for/as ... 因/作为……而出名 ①Distinguished for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩，每年都有大量的游客。(推荐信) ②Students should distinguish between right and wrong/distinguish right from wrong．学生应该明辨是非。 7.bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心　n．麻烦；不便 背重点 背写作佳句 bother doing/to do sth. 　　　　费心做某事 bother oneself with/about ... 为……烦恼 it bothers/bothered sb. that ... ……使某人心烦/不安 It bothered me that I was stuck in the pumpkin like a caged animal while my mom was filming my whole embarrassment.使我心烦的是我像困兽一样困在南瓜中，而妈妈在拍着我的糗事。 8.adjust vt.调整；调节　vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 背重点 背写作佳句 1)adjust to (doing) sth. 　　　　适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应…… adjust ... to ... 调整……以适应…… 2)make adjustments/an adjustment to ... 对……作出调整 ①In this way, you may adjust yourself to living in China soon. 这样，你就能很快适应在中国生活了。(建议信) ②After waving goodbye to the family, I adjusted my mirror and then edged my car out of the parking place. 我向这家人挥手告别后，调整了一下后视镜，然后慢慢地把车开出了停车场。(读后续写动作描写) 二、背词块——丰富表达 第一组　核心短语 1．by contrast 相比之下 2．by comparison (与……)相比较 3．make inferences 推理；推断 4．break down 消除；分解；打破 5．straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐 6．in other words 换句话说；也就是说 7．call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 8．at work 有某种影响；在工作 第二组　课文词块 1．vary from culture to culture 因文化的不同而不同 2．make eye contact 眼神交流 3．look into one's eyes 注视某人的眼睛 4．shake one's head 摇头 5．kiss sb. on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊 6．get through difficult situations 摆脱困境 7．feel down 感到沮丧 8．lean forward 向前倾斜 9．have one's head lowered 低下头 10．in one's mind 在某人的脑海中 三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：as引导的原因状语从句 教材原句：However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免作出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。 经典佳句：We must have confidence, as it is the key to winning the match. 我们必须要有信心，因为这是赢得比赛的关键。 2.句型公式：部分否定 教材原句：Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. 当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。 经典佳句：I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me. 不是所有的传统习俗我都了解，但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。 3.句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. 愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿并拢或交叉，像是在保护自己的身体。 经典佳句：Please don't have the students disturbed while they are reviewing their lessons. 请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Our program， which is mainly about students’ studies and school lives， has a 　different　 （differ） topic each time. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） As a special 　education　 （educate） teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 3.She said that she had been struggling to find someone 　reliable　 （rely） to walk Velma， and that she truly appreciated my assistance. 4.When it was his turn to give his speech， nervous and 　embarrassed　 （embarrass）， he walked onto the stage. 5.There are 　various　 （vary） approaches to the center， where experts will try to make twins 　distinguished　 （distinguish）. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.The light of the setting sun shone on the boys， 　witnessing　 （witness） the start of a new friendship. 2.In the street， she found herself 　stared　 （stare） at by a stranger， which made her a little nervous. 3.With some encouragement from my colleagues， I had one of my poems 　published　 （publish）. 4.While 　riding　 （ride） his bike home on a cold night， he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Although the two young women were strangers before the meet， they’ve since become friends.　　n.体育比赛，运动会　 2.He employed an appropriate method to solve the problem.　　vt.运用，使用　 3.Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more.　　vt.使发怒　 Ⅳ应用文写作——回复信——介绍文化与习俗 练单句： 1.得知你下学期要来我们学校做交换生，我很高兴。 　I’m glad to learn you’re coming to our school as an exchange student next term.　 2.至于我们日常生活中的肢体语言，我想告诉你一些，以避免一些可能的尴尬。 　As for body language in our daily lives， I’d like to share with you some to avoid any possible embarrassment.　（embarrassment） 3.我们往往点头、微笑和握手问候对方，而不是亲吻对方的脸颊。 　We tend to greet each other with nods， smiles and handshakes rather than kiss each other on the cheek.　（greet； kiss sb on the cheek） 4.在交谈中，眼神交流而不是直盯着对方是有礼貌的。 　During the conversation， it’s good manners to have eye contact instead of staring directly at others.　（stare at） 5.在课堂上，如果学生有问题，举手是恰当得体的。 　In class， it is appropriate for students to raise their hands if they have any questions.　（appropriate） 6.希望我的介绍能对你有所帮助。 　I hope my introduction will be of some help to you.　 组语篇： Dear Peter， 　I’m glad to learn you’re coming to our school as an exchange student next term.As for body language in our daily lives， I’d like to share with you some to avoid any possible embarrassment.　 　We tend to greet each other with nods， smiles and handshakes rather than kiss each other on the cheek.Moreover， during the conversation， it’s good manners to have eye contact instead of staring directly at others.Additionally， in class， it is appropriate for students to raise their hands if they have any questions.　 　I hope my introduction will be of some help to you.　 Yours， Li Hua Ⅴ读后续写——约翰坐在窗边看书，抬眼向窗外望去…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.约翰坐在窗边，目光紧盯着一本书。 John sat beside the window， 　with his eyes fixed/focused on a book　.（with复合结构） 2.他看完书后，抬眼向窗外望去。 When he finished the book， 　he raised/lifted his eyes and looked out of the window　. 3.他高兴地唱着歌，用天真无邪的眼睛注视着周围的一切。 Singing happily， 　he gazed at the surroundings with innocent eyes　. 4.约翰注意到有个男人靠近，他的眼睛注视着他的一举一动。 John noticed a man approaching， 　and his eyes followed his every move　. 5.当认出来人是谁时，约翰张大了嘴巴，眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。 When he recognised who the visitor was， John opened his mouth wide， 　his eyes sparkling/shining/twinkling with excitement　.（独立主格） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　John sat beside the window， with his eyes fixed/focused on a book.When he finished the book， he raised/lifted his eyes and looked out of the window.Singing happily， he gazed at the surroundings with innocent eyes.Suddenly， John noticed a man approaching， and his eyes followed his every move.When he recognised who the visitor was， John opened his mouth wide， his eyes sparkling/shining/twinkling with excitement.　 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·沈阳市高三教学质量监测(三)]Many years ago，when I was in high school and working on weekends to pay for the extras—like a class trip that my family couldn't really afford，I lost my wallet. One day， while putting gas in my old car ， I paid and drove off， not realizing my wallet had slipped out of my pocket. I hadn't even noticed it was missing it when a man phoned and asked if I had lost my wallet. I checked it and to my horror，I had. He asked me to tell him how much money was in it and then told me where to pick up my wallet. As I pulled into his driveway，I noticed his wheelchair van and the ramp (坡道) leading up to the house. I was thinking that there was no way this could have man easily got my wallet. He had to pull over his van，get in his wheelchair，lower the lift，and then pick it up. I was just astonished. I knocked on the door and he let me in. I thanked him about 10 times. I was stuck，though. While I didn't want to insult (冒犯) him by offering money，I really felt like offering something. So I asked him if there was anything I could do to repay his kindness，and he said “Just pass my kindness on”．I said I would be certain to do that，as I was raised to be honest in any event. I wanted to repay his kindness，so I wholeheartedly promised. Well，one does not find many wallets and so it was about 10 years later that I found one. It took me several days to track down the man to whom the wallet belonged. He lived in another state. I hated going through his wallet，but I finally located him through a business card he had in it. He was actually surprised that his money was still in the wallet and he tried to hand me $20. I told him “Thanks，but just pass my kindness on”． 1．How did the finder make sure the wallet belonged to the author？ A．He phoned the gas station. B．He checked the amount of money. C．He went through the wallet. D．He asked where the wallet was lost. 2．How did the author feel when he realized the finder's being disabled？ A．Satisfied. B．Shocked. C．Delighted. D．Horrified. 3．What did the author do to thank the disabled man in Paragraph 4？ A．He accepted the man's proposal. B．He handed the man some money. C．He passed the man's kindness on. D．He put the money into an account. 4．What lesson can we learn from the text？ A．Kindness can be passed on. B．Finders keepers，losers weepers. C．Kindness lives in our heart. D．One good turn deserves another. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在多年前丢失了一个钱包，一名残疾人捡到并归还了钱包，作者想做些什么来报答他的善意，但这名残疾人仅仅让作者把这份善意传递下去。多年后，作者终于有了机会实现自己的诺言。 1.答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“He asked me to tell him how much money was in it and then told me where to pick up my wallet”可知，他让作者告诉他里面有多少钱，然后他就告诉作者去哪里取回钱包。 2.答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者认为他不可能轻易地捡起作者的钱包，他必须把车停到路边，坐上轮椅，然后降下升降板才能捡起钱包。作者对此感到非常吃惊，故选B。 3.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段的“So I asked him if there was anything I could do to repay his kindness ...I wanted to repay his kindness，so I wholeheartedly promised”可知，当作者问他自己能做些什么来回报他这份善意时，他说只需要把他的善意传递下去。作者说自己一定会那么做，因为作者从小就被教育无论如何都要诚实。作者想要回报这份善意，所以作者发自内心地承诺了他。故选A。 4.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文中两次提到的“pass my kindness on”可知，本文主要讲述了多年前作者钱包丢失，好心人捡到并归还了钱包，作者答应将善意传递下去，约十年后作者捡到别人钱包，把善意传递下去的故事。故选A项“善意可以被传递下去”。 B [2024·广东省部分名校高三联合质量检测]Dogs may have earned the title of our best friends through their interactions with humans， but now researchers say these social skills could， be present shortly after birth rather than being learned. To better understand the role of biology in dogs' abilities to communicate with humans， the researchers studied 375 eight­week­old service dogs. They looked at how these dogs performed in a series of tasks， designed to measure their communication skills. The puppies were still living with their littermates (同窝出生者) and had not been sent to live with a volunteer puppy raiser， making it unlikely that they had learned about his or her behavior. In the first task， a person hid a treat beneath one of two overturned cups and pointed to it to see if the puppy could follow the gesture. Since dogs are good at using noses to find things a treat was also taped to the insides of， both cups. In the second task， puppies watched as the researchers placed a yellow block next to the correct cup， instead of pointing to indicate where the puppy should look for the food. The third task was designed to observe puppies' tendency to look at human faces. The researchers spoke to the puppy in a voice people sometimes use when talking to a baby. They then measured how long the puppy fixed a stare on the human. In the last task， researchers sealed： a treat inside a closed container and presented it to the puppy. They then measured how often the puppy looked to the human for help in opening the container. The study found that while many of the puppies were responsive to humans' physical and verbal cues， very few looked to humans for help with the unsolvable task. Researchers said， “This suggests that while puppies may be born knowing how to respond to human­initiated communication， the ability to initiate communication on their own may come later.” The next step will be to see if specific genes that may contribute to dogs' abilities to communicate with humans can be identified. 5．Why were eight­week­old service dogs chosen for the study？ A．They were the best age to learn. B．They were cute and safe to deal with. C．They were unlikely influenced by their mates. D．They had had little contact with humans before. 6．What is the researchers' purpose in taping food to both cups？ A．To provide clues for the puppies' final decisions. B.To make comparisons between different conditions. C．To prevent the puppies from making use of their smell. D．To check the puppies' preference for a particular color． 7．What can we know from the study？ A．Puppies can understand our body language. B．Puppies are good at asking humans for help. C．Puppies are born to arouse communication with humans. D．Puppies need specific genes to communicate with humans. 8．What can be the best title for the text？ A．Dogs—talented performers B．Dogs—humans' best friends C．Dogs—born to be able to learn D．Dogs—born to understand humans B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员表示，这些社交技能可能在出生后不久就会出现，而不是后天习得的。文章主要介绍了关于狗天生就能理解人类的研究过程以及研究发现小狗可能一出生就知道如何回应人类发起的交流，但他们自己发起交流的能力可能要晚一些。 5.答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The puppies were still living with their littermates (同窝出生者) and had not been sent to live with a volunteer puppy raiser， making it unlikely that they had learned about his or her behavior.”可知，选择8个星期大的小狗是因为它们还未与人类有过接触及互动，符合实验的设计要求。 6.答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Since dogs are good at using noses to find things a treat was also taped to the insides of， both cups.”可知，这样做是为了避免小狗使用自己的嗅觉做出判断。 7.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The study found that while many of the puppies were responsive to humans' physical and verbal cues， very few looked to humans for help with the unsolvable task.”可知，小狗对人类的肢体和语言暗示有反应，即能理解人类的一些肢体语言。 8.答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dogs may have earned the title of our best friends through their interactions with humans， but now researchers say these social skills could， be present shortly after birth rather than being learned.”结合文章主要介绍了关于狗天生就能理解人类的研究过程以及研究发现小狗可能一出生就知道如何回应人类发起的交流，但他们自己发起交流的能力可能要晚一些。D选项“生来就能理解人类的狗”最符合文章标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 [2024·安徽省名校联盟高三大联考]Gesturing is powerful and important to our conversations. The challenge is to use it to good effect. Here are some tips that can help you take advantage of gesturing. Encourage gesturing in your children， students and anyone else you are trying to teach. __1__ Gesturing while learning will also make them more likely to solve the same problem in a new way. That is important because being able to generalize what we learn is essential to acquiring new knowledge. __2__ While learning to talk， children typically convey sentence­like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone—for example， pointing at a box and saying “open”. If a child fails to produce these gesture­word combinations， it may be a sign that their spoken language development will be delayed， allowing you to intervene and help. Pay attention to other people's gestures. These offer a window into the speakers' thoughts. These thoughts are often at the cutting­edge of their knowledge or address issues that are uppermost in their minds. __3__ Be careful that your gestures say what you want them to. Those you talk to will pay attention to your gestures， so choose them wisely. __4__ And if you are questioning someone， be aware that a gesture may unintentionally influence them to tell you what you want to hear rather than give their own fair answer. Gesture more when you speak. It will help you learn and understand more. If you gesture while talking， you will remember more of what you have said. __5__ This can give you a way of seeing what others are thinking but not saying. A．Observe the gesturing of kids. B．Remember， gestures can reveal what you might want to hide. C．This will help them understand the material you are conveying. D．Whether we realize it or not， gestures are a part of our communication. E．What's more， when you gesture， the people around you tend to do so too. F．Noticing and responding to such gestures will help you understand their thoughts. G．Knowing how to use gestures effectively can make you a better communicator. Ⅱ.七选五 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了如何有效地利用手势。 1.答案与解析：C　上文“Encourage gesturing in your children， students and anyone else you are trying to teach.”说明了一种做法，即鼓励他人使用手势，C项衔接上文，说明该做法的好处，其中“them”指代“children， students and anyone else you are trying to teach”，衔接恰当。 2.答案与解析：A　下文“While learning to talk， children typically convey sentence­like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone” 说明手势对于孩子们学习说话的重要性，A项“Observe the gesturing of kids.” 引出下文，对孩子们手势的观察。衔接恰当。 3.答案与解析：F　上文“These offer a window into the speakers' thoughts. These thoughts are often at the cutting­edge of their knowledge or address issues that are uppermost in their minds.”说明关注别人手势有助于了解其想法，故选F。 4.答案与解析：B　上文“Be careful that your gestures say what you want them to. Those you talk to will pay attention to your gestures， so choose them wisely.”说明手势会透露自己的信息，B项“Remember， gestures can reveal what you might want to hide.”进一步说明手势的重要性，衔接上文，说明要明智地选择交谈之人。 5.答案与解析：E　上文“If you gesture while talking， you will remember more of what you have said.”说明做手势的好处，E项衔接上文，进一步阐明做手势带来的影响。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·湘豫名校联考高三上期中]A lot of digital publishing products 1.________ (associate) with Rongbao， the panda mascot of the 31st International University Sports Federation FISU Summer World University Games， 2.________ (demonstrate) on July 25， 2023. The collection， which 3.________ (consist) of five digital products， was created by Chengdu B­ray Media Co.， Ltd， the 4.________ (office) dealer of the Games. These digital publishing products are legitimate publications 5.________ (bear) international standard book numbers (ISBNs)， 6.________ content and copyright ownership have been verified by publishing agencies. They are recorded on the block chain and grant unique ownership rights to 7.________ (purchase). What delights people most is 8.________ the digital publishing products are available on the flagship store of the 31st FISU Summer World University Games on Tmall， Alibaba's e­commerce platform， which is popular 9.________ young consumers， and in licensed Games stores in Chengdu. The 31st FISU Summer World University Games was 10.________ (successful) held in Chengdu， southwest China's Sichuan Province from July 28 to August 8. Ⅲ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了成都世界大学生运动会吉祥物——蓉宝的揭晓，引发了人们的广泛关注和热烈欢迎，同时官方还发布了该吉祥物的相关介绍和如何购买等信息。 1.答案与解析：associated　be associated with“与……有关系”，本句为形容词作后置定语。 2.答案与解析：were demonstrated　根据“on July 25， 2023”可知，为一般过去时，主语与谓语为被动关系。 3.答案与解析：consists　consist of表示“由……组成”，此处作定语从句的谓语，且表示客观事实，故用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。故填consists。 4.答案与解析：official　形容词作定语，修饰名词dealer。故填official。 5.答案与解析：bearing　空处为非谓语动词，legitimate publications与bear为主动关系，用现在分词。 6.答案与解析：whose　空处为定语从句，此处修饰前面的These digital publishing products， 表示所属关系，故用whose。故填whose。 7.答案与解析：purchasers　所给的purchase为动词，此处表示“购买者”，故用复数形式purchasers作宾语。 8.答案与解析：that　is后接表语从句，句意和句子结构完整， 故填that。 9.答案与解析：with/among　be popular with/among“受到……的欢迎”。 10.答案与解析：successfully　修饰动词held，应用副词作状语。故填successfully。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.an identical gesture 一个同样的手势 2. put one's arm around one's waist搂住某人的腰 3.break down barriers 打破障碍 4.fake certificates 假凭证 5.internal injuries 内伤 6.reveal a secret 泄露一条秘密 7.catch sb. a blow on the chin 一拳打在某人下巴上 8.a chest infection 胸部感染 9.inquire about my book 询问我的书 10.have to intervene to prevent the situation worsening 不到不干预以阻止形式变的更糟 11.electronic component 电子零件 12.a tone of surprise 一种惊奇的口气 核心单词三遍熟 1.appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 2.gesture n. 手势；姿势；姿态 3.cheek n. 面颊；脸颊 4.bow vi. 鞠躬；点头 vt. 低（头）n.弓；蝴蝶结 5.incident n. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突 6.twin adj. 双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n. 孪生之一；双胞胎之一 7．bend vt． ＆ vi．（bent，bent）（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向 8.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 9.lower vt. 把······放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的 10.stare vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视 11.ceiling n. 天花板；上限 12.distract vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心 13.chest n. 胸部；胸膛 14.merely adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过 15.bother vi.&.vt. 费心；麻烦；因······操心 麻烦；不便 16.weep vi. &. vt. 哭泣；流泪 17.conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触 18.ultimately adv. 最终；最后 19. tone n.语气；腔调；口吻 拓展单词寻规记 1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact vi.相互交流；相互影响 2．vary vi．（根据情况）变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n.多样性；变化；种类 3．approve vi．赞成；同意 vt．批准；通过→approval n.赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 4．employ vt．使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n.雇主；雇用者→employment n.雇用；聘用 5．differ vi．相异；不同于→different adj．不同的；有差异的→difference n.差别；差异 6．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt．使生气；激怒→angry adj．生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地 7．reliable adj．可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi．依赖；信赖 8．slight adj．轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv．略微；稍微 9．assess vt．评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定 10．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate ut．教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n.教育 11．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend vt．8．vi．照料；护理vi.倾向于；有......的趋势 12． barely adv．几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bareadj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 13．occupy vt．占据；占用→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n.占领；职业 14．distinguish vi．8．vt．区分；辨别→distinguished adj．卓越的；杰出的 15．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地 16. embarrassed adj．难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj．使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬 17．ashamed adj．羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 18．adjust v．调整；调节 vi．8．vt．适应；（使）习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n.调整；调节；适应 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 名词后缀­al表示行为状态等 ①approve批准；认可；赞成→approval批准；认可；赞成　②arrive到达→arrival到达；到达者；到达物 ③survive存活；幸存→survival存活；幸存 ④remove移走；消除；开除→removal移走；拿走；消除；开除 ⑤dispose处理→disposal清除；处理 ⑥deny否认→denial否认 ⑦bury埋葬→burial埋葬；葬礼 ⑧festive节日的→festival节日 背热考单词 1．approve vi.赞成；同意　vt.批准；通过 背重点 背写作佳句 1)approve sth. 　　　　　　　通过/批准某事 approve of (sb./sb.' s) doing sth. 同意(某人)做某事 2)win one's approval 得到某人的批准/同意 give (one's) approval to 同意；批准 ①Hopefully, you can approve of my ideas and perfect our library.希望你能同意我的想法并改造图书馆。(建议信) ②My father nodded approvingly and gave his approval to my decision to go to the farm again.父亲赞许地点点头，同意了我再次去农场的决定。[2021·浙江卷读后续写] 2.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证　n．目击者；证人 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be (a) witness to sth. 　目击/看见(某事发生) give witness to ... 为……作证 2)witness sth. 目击/目睹某事 3)时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth. 某时/某地目睹/见证了…… ①Your success in the competition is a witness to your hard work.你在比赛中的成功是你努力的见证。(祝贺信) ②The neighborhood witnessed a poorly­dressed boy selling popcorn from door to door. 穿得破破烂烂的男孩在附近走家串户卖爆米花。 3.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用 背重点 背写作佳句 1)employ sb. to do sth. 　　　雇用/聘请某人做某事 employ sb. as ... 雇用/聘请某人担任…… 2)be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事 3)employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板 employee n. 雇工；雇员 employment n. 职业；工作 ①My mother is a teacher whose time is employed in teaching and taking care of the family. 我妈妈是老师，她的时间都用在教学和照顾家人上。 ②The next three weeks witnessed me employed in the project. 接下来的三周我忙于该课题。 4.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于　n．帮助；恩惠；赞同 背重点 背写作佳句 1) 　　　　帮某人忙 2)in sb.'s favour 对某人有利的 in favour of 支持；赞同 I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play. 我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，指导我们修改一部短剧。(求助信) 5.occupy vt.占据；占用 背重点 背写作佳句 1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 　　　　　　　　　　　忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 2)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 忙于某事 3)keep sb./oneself occupied 使某人/自己忙碌 The twins soon found themselves occupied in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself with the breakfast. 双胞胎很快忙于打扫厨房，他们的父亲则忙着做早餐。[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写] 6.distinguish vi.& vt. 区分；辨别 背重点 背写作佳句 1)distinguish between ... and ... 　　　　　　　　　　　区分/辨别………… distinguish ... from ... 使……有别于…… distinguish oneself to be/as... 作为……而出名 2)be distinguished for/as ... 因/作为……而出名 ①Distinguished for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩，每年都有大量的游客。(推荐信) ②Students should distinguish between right and wrong/distinguish right from wrong．学生应该明辨是非。 7.bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心　n．麻烦；不便 背重点 背写作佳句 bother doing/to do sth. 　　　　费心做某事 bother oneself with/about ... 为……烦恼 it bothers/bothered sb. that ... ……使某人心烦/不安 It bothered me that I was stuck in the pumpkin like a caged animal while my mom was filming my whole embarrassment.使我心烦的是我像困兽一样困在南瓜中，而妈妈在拍着我的糗事。 8.adjust vt.调整；调节　vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 背重点 背写作佳句 1)adjust to (doing) sth. 　　　　适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应…… adjust ... to ... 调整……以适应…… 2)make adjustments/an adjustment to ... 对……作出调整 ①In this way, you may adjust yourself to living in China soon. 这样，你就能很快适应在中国生活了。(建议信) ②After waving goodbye to the family, I adjusted my mirror and then edged my car out of the parking place. 我向这家人挥手告别后，调整了一下后视镜，然后慢慢地把车开出了停车场。(读后续写动作描写) 二、背词块——丰富表达 第一组　核心短语 1．by contrast 相比之下 2．by comparison (与……)相比较 3．make inferences 推理；推断 4．break down 消除；分解；打破 5．straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐 6．in other words 换句话说；也就是说 7．call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 8．at work 有某种影响；在工作 第二组　课文词块 1．vary from culture to culture 因文化的不同而不同 2．make eye contact 眼神交流 3．look into one's eyes 注视某人的眼睛 4．shake one's head 摇头 5．kiss sb. on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊 6．get through difficult situations 摆脱困境 7．feel down 感到沮丧 8．lean forward 向前倾斜 9．have one's head lowered 低下头 10．in one's mind 在某人的脑海中 三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：as引导的原因状语从句 教材原句：However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免作出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。 经典佳句：We must have confidence, as it is the key to winning the match. 我们必须要有信心，因为这是赢得比赛的关键。 2.句型公式：部分否定 教材原句：Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. 当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。 经典佳句：I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me. 不是所有的传统习俗我都了解，但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。 3.句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. 愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿并拢或交叉，像是在保护自己的身体。 经典佳句：Please don't have the students disturbed while they are reviewing their lessons. 请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Our program， which is mainly about students’ studies and school lives， has a ___________ （differ） topic each time. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） As a special ______________ （educate） teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 3.She said that she had been struggling to find someone ___________ （rely） to walk Velma， and that she truly appreciated my assistance. 4.When it was his turn to give his speech， nervous and ____________ （embarrass）， he walked onto the stage. 5.There are ____________ （vary） approaches to the center， where experts will try to make twins ____________ （distinguish）. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.The light of the setting sun shone on the boys， ____________ （witness） the start of a new friendship. 2.In the street， she found herself ____________ （stare） at by a stranger， which made her a little nervous. 3.With some encouragement from my colleagues， I had one of my poems ___________（publish）. 4.While _____________ （ride） his bike home on a cold night， he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Although the two young women were strangers before the meet， they’ve since become friends.　________________ 2.He employed an appropriate method to solve the problem.　____________ 3.Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more.　_____________ Ⅳ应用文写作——回复信——介绍文化与习俗 练单句： 1.得知你下学期要来我们学校做交换生，我很高兴。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.至于我们日常生活中的肢体语言，我想告诉你一些，以避免一些可能的尴尬。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________（embarrassment） 3.我们往往点头、微笑和握手问候对方，而不是亲吻对方的脸颊。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________（greet； kiss sb on the cheek） 4.在交谈中，眼神交流而不是直盯着对方是有礼貌的。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________（stare at） 5.在课堂上，如果学生有问题，举手是恰当得体的。 _______________________________________________________________________________（appropriate） 6.希望我的介绍能对你有所帮助。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 组语篇： Dear Peter， _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua Ⅴ读后续写——约翰坐在窗边看书，抬眼向窗外望去…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.约翰坐在窗边，目光紧盯着一本书。 John sat beside the window， ___________________________________.（with复合结构） 2.他看完书后，抬眼向窗外望去。 When he finished the book， ______________________________________________________. 3.他高兴地唱着歌，用天真无邪的眼睛注视着周围的一切。 Singing happily， ____________________________________________________________. 4.约翰注意到有个男人靠近，他的眼睛注视着他的一举一动。 John noticed a man approaching， _______________________________________________. 5.当认出来人是谁时，约翰张大了嘴巴，眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。 When he recognised who the visitor was， John opened his mouth wide， _________________________________________________________________.（独立主格） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·沈阳市高三教学质量监测(三)]Many years ago，when I was in high school and working on weekends to pay for the extras—like a class trip that my family couldn't really afford，I lost my wallet. One day， while putting gas in my old car ， I paid and drove off， not realizing my wallet had slipped out of my pocket. I hadn't even noticed it was missing it when a man phoned and asked if I had lost my wallet. I checked it and to my horror，I had. He asked me to tell him how much money was in it and then told me where to pick up my wallet. As I pulled into his driveway，I noticed his wheelchair van and the ramp (坡道) leading up to the house. I was thinking that there was no way this could have man easily got my wallet. He had to pull over his van，get in his wheelchair，lower the lift，and then pick it up. I was just astonished. I knocked on the door and he let me in. I thanked him about 10 times. I was stuck，though. While I didn't want to insult (冒犯) him by offering money，I really felt like offering something. So I asked him if there was anything I could do to repay his kindness，and he said “Just pass my kindness on”．I said I would be certain to do that，as I was raised to be honest in any event. I wanted to repay his kindness，so I wholeheartedly promised. Well，one does not find many wallets and so it was about 10 years later that I found one. It took me several days to track down the man to whom the wallet belonged. He lived in another state. I hated going through his wallet，but I finally located him through a business card he had in it. He was actually surprised that his money was still in the wallet and he tried to hand me $20. I told him “Thanks，but just pass my kindness on”． 1．How did the finder make sure the wallet belonged to the author？ A．He phoned the gas station. B．He checked the amount of money. C．He went through the wallet. D．He asked where the wallet was lost. 2．How did the author feel when he realized the finder's being disabled？ A．Satisfied. B．Shocked. C．Delighted. D．Horrified. 3．What did the author do to thank the disabled man in Paragraph 4？ A．He accepted the man's proposal. B．He handed the man some money. C．He passed the man's kindness on. D．He put the money into an account. 4．What lesson can we learn from the text？ A．Kindness can be passed on. B．Finders keepers，losers weepers. C．Kindness lives in our heart. D．One good turn deserves another. B [2024·广东省部分名校高三联合质量检测]Dogs may have earned the title of our best friends through their interactions with humans， but now researchers say these social skills could， be present shortly after birth rather than being learned. To better understand the role of biology in dogs' abilities to communicate with humans， the researchers studied 375 eight­week­old service dogs. They looked at how these dogs performed in a series of tasks， designed to measure their communication skills. The puppies were still living with their littermates (同窝出生者) and had not been sent to live with a volunteer puppy raiser， making it unlikely that they had learned about his or her behavior. In the first task， a person hid a treat beneath one of two overturned cups and pointed to it to see if the puppy could follow the gesture. Since dogs are good at using noses to find things a treat was also taped to the insides of， both cups. In the second task， puppies watched as the researchers placed a yellow block next to the correct cup， instead of pointing to indicate where the puppy should look for the food. The third task was designed to observe puppies' tendency to look at human faces. The researchers spoke to the puppy in a voice people sometimes use when talking to a baby. They then measured how long the puppy fixed a stare on the human. In the last task， researchers sealed： a treat inside a closed container and presented it to the puppy. They then measured how often the puppy looked to the human for help in opening the container. The study found that while many of the puppies were responsive to humans' physical and verbal cues， very few looked to humans for help with the unsolvable task. Researchers said， “This suggests that while puppies may be born knowing how to respond to human­initiated communication， the ability to initiate communication on their own may come later.” The next step will be to see if specific genes that may contribute to dogs' abilities to communicate with humans can be identified. 5．Why were eight­week­old service dogs chosen for the study？ A．They were the best age to learn. B．They were cute and safe to deal with. C．They were unlikely influenced by their mates. D．They had had little contact with humans before. 6．What is the researchers' purpose in taping food to both cups？ A．To provide clues for the puppies' final decisions. B.To make comparisons between different conditions. C．To prevent the puppies from making use of their smell. D．To check the puppies' preference for a particular color． 7．What can we know from the study？ A．Puppies can understand our body language. B．Puppies are good at asking humans for help. C．Puppies are born to arouse communication with humans. D．Puppies need specific genes to communicate with humans. 8．What can be the best title for the text？ A．Dogs—talented performers B．Dogs—humans' best friends C．Dogs—born to be able to learn D．Dogs—born to understand humans Ⅱ.七选五 [2024·安徽省名校联盟高三大联考]Gesturing is powerful and important to our conversations. The challenge is to use it to good effect. Here are some tips that can help you take advantage of gesturing. Encourage gesturing in your children， students and anyone else you are trying to teach. __1__ Gesturing while learning will also make them more likely to solve the same problem in a new way. That is important because being able to generalize what we learn is essential to acquiring new knowledge. __2__ While learning to talk， children typically convey sentence­like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone—for example， pointing at a box and saying “open”. If a child fails to produce these gesture­word combinations， it may be a sign that their spoken language development will be delayed， allowing you to intervene and help. Pay attention to other people's gestures. These offer a window into the speakers' thoughts. These thoughts are often at the cutting­edge of their knowledge or address issues that are uppermost in their minds. __3__ Be careful that your gestures say what you want them to. Those you talk to will pay attention to your gestures， so choose them wisely. __4__ And if you are questioning someone， be aware that a gesture may unintentionally influence them to tell you what you want to hear rather than give their own fair answer. Gesture more when you speak. It will help you learn and understand more. If you gesture while talking， you will remember more of what you have said. __5__ This can give you a way of seeing what others are thinking but not saying. A．Observe the gesturing of kids. B．Remember， gestures can reveal what you might want to hide. C．This will help them understand the material you are conveying. D．Whether we realize it or not， gestures are a part of our communication. E．What's more， when you gesture， the people around you tend to do so too. F．Noticing and responding to such gestures will help you understand their thoughts. G．Knowing how to use gestures effectively can make you a better communicator. Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·湘豫名校联考高三上期中]A lot of digital publishing products 1.________ (associate) with Rongbao， the panda mascot of the 31st International University Sports Federation FISU Summer World University Games， 2.________ (demonstrate) on July 25， 2023. The collection， which 3.________ (consist) of five digital products， was created by Chengdu B­ray Media Co.， Ltd， the 4.________ (office) dealer of the Games. These digital publishing products are legitimate publications 5.________ (bear) international standard book numbers (ISBNs)， 6.________ content and copyright ownership have been verified by publishing agencies. They are recorded on the block chain and grant unique ownership rights to 7.________ (purchase). What delights people most is 8.________ the digital publishing products are available on the flagship store of the 31st FISU Summer World University Games on Tmall， Alibaba's e­commerce platform， which is popular 9.________ young consumers， and in licensed Games stores in Chengdu. The 31st FISU Summer World University Games was 10.________ (successful) held in Chengdu， southwest China's Sichuan Province from July 28 to August 8. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$