Unit1People of Achievement-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.make great contributions in treating malaria　在治疗疟疾方面做出巨大贡献 2.an academic career 学术生涯 3.set a realistic objective 确定一个切实可行的目标 4.protect my property 保护我的财产 5.a chemical substance 一种化学物质 6.draw a flow chart 画一张流程图 7.get over numerous difficulties　　战胜无数的困难 8.a real genius　　　　　　　　　一个真正的天才 9.discover the theory of relativity 发现了相对论 10.study for one's doctorate 攻读博士学位 11.an financial institution 一个金融机构 12.an extraordinary achievement 一项卓越的成就 13.grow a beard and a moustache 留起络腮胡子和髭 14.mourn his brother's death 哀悼哥哥的去世 核心单词三遍熟 1.crucial adj.　　　　至关重要的；关键性的 2.vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的； 充满生机的 3.boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 4.liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的 5.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 6.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 7.defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 8.apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 9.insist vi.& vt.　　　　　 坚持；坚决要求 10.mostly adv.　　　　　　主要地；一般地 11.flee vi.& vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 12.circumstance n. [usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 13.flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 14.infer vt. 推断；推定 15.gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 16.encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 17.mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；忧伤 18.remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 19.sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 20.draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟 拓展单词寻规记 1.commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺 2.academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的 3.botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学 4.evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估 5.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别 6.analyse vt.分析→analysis (pl.analyses) n．分析 7.scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 8.conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出 9.novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的 10.found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建者；创始人 11.politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 12.gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地 13.passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.有激情的 14.consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.结果；因此；所以 15.professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的 n．专业人士 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 名词后缀­sion/­ssion 表示性质或行为等 ①conclude下结论→conclusion结论　　　　　　②decide决定→decision决定 ③explode爆炸→explosion爆炸 ④expand扩张；增加→expansion扩张；增加 ⑤extend延伸→extension延伸 ⑥admit准许；承认→admission准许加入 ⑦permit允许→permission允许 背热考单词 1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的，充满生机的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be vital to/for ...　　　　对……至关重要 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 It is vital that ...(should) do sth. 做某事是十分重要的 2)be of vital importance 至关重要的 There is no doubt that enough sleep is vital for/to the students' physical and mental health. 毫无疑问，充足的睡眠对学生的身心健康至关重要。 2.commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证　vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 背重点 背写作佳句 1)commit mistakes/a crime　　　　犯错/犯罪 commit oneself to do/doing sth. 承诺做某事 2)commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于做某事 be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于做某事 3)make a commitment to (do/doing) sth. 保证/承诺做某事 ①I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English, which can gradually improve your oral English. 我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。(建议信) ②With the help of their father, the twins were committed to making delicious breakfast.在父亲的帮助下，双胞胎致力于做一顿美味的早餐。[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写] 3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 背重点 背写作佳句 1)acknowledge It is widely/generally acknowledged that... 　　　　　　　　　　　　……是大家公认的。 2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 ①It is acknowledged that the ocean plays a key role in our planet. 大家公认海洋在地球上至关重要。[2022·全国甲卷短文] ②Tom acknowledged being defeated in the competition, which made us quite depressed. 汤姆承认在比赛中失败了，这使我们很沮丧。(读后续写情感描写) 4.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 背重点 背写作佳句 1)As is apparently shown in the picture above... 　　　　　　　　正如上面图画所明显展示的那样…… 2)apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的 It is apparent (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是明显的 As is apparently shown above the chart, 65% of the students enjoy listening to English songs to learn English. 正如上表所明显展示的那样，65%的学生喜欢听英文歌曲来学习英语。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 5.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 背重点 背写作佳句 1)insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事 2)insist that 从句，从句用陈述语气，表“坚持说……” 3)insist (that) sb./sth.(should) do，从句用should do形式， should可省略，表“坚持主张；坚决要求” ①The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time. 学生会坚决要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。 ②My mother insisted that the video should be posted online, so I had to give in to her. 我妈妈坚持要把视频发到网上，所以我只好让步了。 6.conclusion n．结论；推论 背重点 背写作佳句 1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论 come to the conclusion that ... 得出……的结论 in conclusion 总而言之 2)conclude 从……推断出…… conclude sth. 以(做)某事结束某事 ①I concluded from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用自己的双手劳动很重要。 ②In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain and sunshine. 总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。(参赛短文) 7.circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 背重点 背写作佳句 in/under ... circumstances　　　在……的情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置句首，主谓部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许 ①Please keep in mind that under no circumstances should we leave any marks on the cultural relics. 请记住，在任何情况下我们都不能在文物上留下任何痕迹。 ②If circumstances permit，I will go on talking about the crucial problem，which is difficult to cope with. 如果情况允许，我将继续谈论这个很难处理的关键问题。 8.consequence n．结果；后果 背重点 背写作佳句 as a consequence＝in consequence　　　因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为；由于 face/take the consequences 面对/承担结果 I carelessly got the plan ruined, and consequently/in consequence/as a consequence, I had to face the consequences.我不小心把计划搞砸了，因此我必须承担后果。(读后续写) 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2．insist on 坚决要求 3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4．flow chart 流程图 5．come to power (开始)掌权；上台 6．take up a position 担任；任职 7．sum up 总结；概括 8．lead to 导致 第二组　课文词块 1．be mistaken for 被误认为是 2．be awarded to 被颁发给 3．a crucial new treatment for malaria 一种重要的疟疾新疗法 4．a committed and patient scientist 一位忠诚和耐心的科学家 5．with the objective of discovering a new treatment 带着发现一种新的治疗方法的目的 6．get stuck 进入僵局；遇到困难 7．analyse the medical texts 分析医学文献 8．make great achievements in physics and mathematics 在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就 9．spread Chinese medicine around the world 把中医传播到世界各地 10．make numerous contributions to the world 为世界做出许多贡献 11．out of a strong passion for knowledge 出于对知识的强烈热情 12．be recorded as a miracle 被记载为奇迹三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：be thought to do sth. 教材原句：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。 经典佳句：Last week, a group of foreign students came to our school and experienced Chinese tea culture, which is thought to be the symbol of Chinese culture. 上周，一群外国学生来到我们学校，体验了被认为是中国文化象征的中国茶文化。 2.句型公式：upon/on doing ... 教材原句：Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said ... 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：…… 经典佳句：On/Upon returning, Bernard thanked the Meredith family with misty eyes. 伯纳德一回来就含着泪感谢了梅雷迪斯一家。 3.句型公式：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 教材原句：On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀伤。 经典佳句：It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books. 人们普遍认为书的影响如此之大，以至于应该鼓励人们阅读更多书籍。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Additionally， I have a strong desire to devote myself to the development and construction of our country by using my ______________ （profession） knowledge. 2.（2023·全国乙卷）From the English side， we have ____________ （science） reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. 3.The ___________ （novel） was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving ___________（gentle） in the breeze. 4._______________ （apparent）， the information ____________ （obtain） from the website is not true. 5.I am convinced that with our joint efforts， the situation will be __________ （gradual） improved. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1._______________ （commit） to scientific research to a great extent， he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday. 2.__________ （encounter） a frightening beast on the way to the market the other day， the servant _____________（flee） with her heart beating wildly. 3.The visiting team ______________ （defeat） by our women football team last night， which made our fans excited and proud. 4.______________ （found） in 1985 in Beijing， it is now a nation-wide organization， where the performance of the employee _____________ （evaluate） last month. 5.Upon ______________（graduate） from the university， the committed man took __________ a position in the company. 6.__________ （insist） that Tom had stolen the car， the old lady insisted that he _____________________ （send） to the police. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Little by little， these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.　___________________ 2.Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.　_______________ 3.（2022·全国乙卷）Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.　______________ Ⅳ.应用文写作——人物描写——我最尊敬的人 练单句 1.我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治疗病人的疾病。 The person I respect most is my uncle ______________________________ of their diseases all his life. 2.无论遇到什么困难，他绝不承认失败。 Whatever difficulties he encounters，_________________________________________________. 3.自从他上任以来，他坚持全心全意为所有的病人服务。 Ever since he took up his position， _________________________________________________. 4.帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.一听说上海急需医生，他毫不犹豫地前往上海。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 组语篇 　___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ读后续写——父亲对我非常生气，他就像一头发怒的狮子…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.我父亲有生以来从未对我如此生气过。 _______________________________________________________ （倒装句） 2.他就像一头发怒的狮子，眼睛里闪烁着无法抑制的怒火。 _______________________________________________________ （比喻） 3.他气得咬牙切齿，几乎在发抖，但他没有像往常那样怒吼或用拳头捶桌子。 _______________________________________________________,but ________________________________________________________.（并列句） 4.他只是默默地瞪着我。他愤怒的目光真把我吓坏了。 _________________________________________________________________ 5.我紧张地咽了口唾沫，舔了舔嘴唇，把目光移开。 _________________________________________________________________ （三连动作链） 6.他沉默了一会儿，愤怒地跺了跺脚，愤然摔门而去。 After a few moments of silence， he _______________________________________， __________________________________________________________________.（三连动作链） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·山东省济宁市高三上学期期中]The beautiful island country of Madagascar has a serious school shortage. About a third of Malagasy children have no access to education because the schools are too far away or severely overcrowded. Thinking Huts， a non­profit organization dedicated to increasing global access to education， plans to tackle the issue with a series of 3D­printed schools， the first of which was completed in April 2022. The 765­square­feet structure， named Bougainvillea， will house 30 students. The construction began with the printer pouring a cement­like(水泥状) mixture in a pattern to create the walls. The entire process took just 18 hours！ The roof， doors and windows were locally sourced， and the walls were made of a cement mixture that can resist big environmental pressures in the area. Bougainvillea was 3D printed by 14 Trees， a company with experience printing buildings throughout Kenya and Malawi. Maggie Grouts， the 22­year­old founder of Thinking Huts， is a senior at the University of Colorado and was just 15 when she started Thinking Huts. Adopted from a rural village when she was 18 months old， Grout realized that not all kids were as fortunate as her and wanted to help. The idea for the 3D­printed schools came to her after brainstorming with her father on ways to use the technology for the greater good. The 3D printing approach shrinks the construction turnaround time from months to days， as well as the cost. This allows more schools to be built in less time and reduces the building's carbon footprints. And these savings in time， cost and materials meet a real need for education infrastructure (基础设施) to help bridge the global opportunity gap. “Thinking Huts hopes to have a Thinking Hut in every community where children do not have a place for education and is fundraising to develop this goal. By using 3D printing， we are combining the potential of technology with architectural solutions that tackle real problems the world faces within education，” says Grouts. 1．What are 3D­printed schools intended for？ A．Reducing construction wastes. B．Helping deal with a shortage of schools. C．Providing high­quality education for local students. D.Drawing public attention to 3D­printing technology. 2．Which of the following statements best describes Bougainvillea？ A．It has a complex architectural structure. B．It features strong resistance to bad weather. C.It is built with the help of the local government. D.It can hold more students than traditional schools. 3．What can be inferred about Maggie Grouts from the text？ A．She is truly creative and warmhearted. B．She had no access to school as a child. C.She is devoted to designing 3D­printed products. D.She raised money for kids from rural areas. 4．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4？ A．The advantages of 3D­printed schools. B．The wide popularity of 3D­printing technology. C.The significance of narrowing the global opportunity gap. D.The impact of 3D­printed buildings on the environment. B [2024·石家庄市部分名校高三上学期一调]Could a new treatment developed by the US company Lilly mean “the beginning of the end” of Alzheimer's？ Could we even cure it some day？ These are headlines and questions swirling (流传) around after news of a new drug， called donanemab， showed promising results in phase­3 trials. The brain science behind Alzheimer's is complex， but CT and MRI scans suggest that poisonous changes occur in the brain， including the abnormal build­up of proteins called amyloid plaques and tau tangles. The damage starts in the parts of the brain essential for forming memories but then spreads throughout the organ， with brain tissue shrinking significantly. Developing treatments for Alzheimer's has been a challenge， with almost 20 years passing with no new drugs. But in the last year， two new ones have emerged： donanemab and lecanemab. Neither are cures or magic bullets for the disease， but they do address key symptoms. They target the amyloid proteins that can accumulate in the brain and damage neurons， slowing down its progression. While this news is exciting， there are major caveats. One is whether it will ever become available on the NHS. The cost is estimated to be about ￡20，000 per person per year of treatment. Another is the serious side effects： in the study， brain swelling occurred in 24% of participants and brain bleeding occurred in 31.4% on the drug compared with 13.6% in the placebo (安慰剂) group. There were also three deaths during the trial. Part of the problem for me， as an academic， in assessing the drug is that the full results of the trial haven't yet been shared publicly or published in a peer­review(ed) journal. We cannot access the full data or examine the trial yet， and there is always a motivation for private companies to overstate the effectiveness of new drugs. Trial results need to be assessed by an independent body of experts. While it is unlikely to change clinical practice until at least 2025， the news of donanemab is again an indication that science is continuing to make progress when it comes to treating the major causes of illness and death， even one related to the highly complex inner workings of the brain. So， there are caveats and the need for caution， but these new drugs are indeed the grounds for that rare thing these days： hope. 5．What can we learn about Alzheimer's from the passage？ A．There exists a new drug to cure it completely. B．Most people will develop Alzheimer's when they are old. C．It is caused by the accumulation of some proteins in the brain. D．It results from the loss of memories as people get older. 6．What does the underlined word “caveats” mean in Paragraph 4？ A．Warnings. B．Discussions. C．Debates. D．Weaknesses. 7．What is the problem of the new drug according to the author as an academic？ A．It has serious side effects such as brain bleeding and deaths. B．The effectiveness may be blown up without fair assessment. C．The cost of the new drug is out of reach for ordinary people. D．There is no possibility for new drugs to be admitted into the NHS. 8．What is the author's attitude towards the new drug？ A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent. Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·山东省济南市高三三模]It was a regular day for high school teacher Cesar Punzalan. When he walked into the classroom， his students__1__ him as usual. As he stood behind his desk， ready to start the class， a student __2__ a brown box on his table. Slowly， Punzalan removed the cover and was __3__. There was a pair of brand­new __4__ inside the box. As expected， Punzalan couldn't control his __5__ and teared up. Several months ago， the students learned that Mr Punzalan had to walk for one hour daily to school. __6__， that wasn't all. He had a sick child at home. His thoughtful students __7__ he had been coming to school in worn­out shoes for a long time. They __8__ that maybe he didn't wish to buy new shoes because his salary was going toward his kid's __9__. Or perhaps he wanted to see how long his __10__ shoes would last. Whatever the real reasons， his students __11__ to help in any way possible. __12__， they purchased a lovely gift for Mr. Punzalan， sharing the kindness with him. While he struggled to talk， a sense of __13__ was written all over his face. He considered himself __14__ to be blessed with so many sweet students！ Teachers play an important role in our life. They __15__ the same love and care as we show to our parents. 1．A.congratulated B．greeted C．respected D．inspired 2．A.painted B．found C．slipped D．threw 3．A.annoyed B．frightened C．relieved D．surprised 4．A.shoes B．glasses C．gloves D．socks 5．A.likes B．emotions C．worries D．thoughts 6．A.Actually B．Originally C．Normally D．Briefly 7．A.agreed B．denied C．forgot D．learnt 8．A.figured B．complained C．admitted D．recalled 9．A.interest B．education C．treatment D．insurance 10．A.fancy B．strange C．cheap D．old 11．A.happened B．determined C．continued D．hesitated 12．A.Yet B．Thus C．Otherwise D．Instead 13．A.loss B．guilt C．responsibility D．happiness 14．A.different B．fortunate C．impressive D．successful 15．A.deserve B．spread C．require D．admire 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.make great contributions in treating malaria　在治疗疟疾方面做出巨大贡献 2.an academic career 学术生涯 3.set a realistic objective 确定一个切实可行的目标 4.protect my property 保护我的财产 5.a chemical substance 一种化学物质 6.draw a flow chart 画一张流程图 7.get over numerous difficulties　　战胜无数的困难 8.a real genius　　　　　　　　　一个真正的天才 9.discover the theory of relativity 发现了相对论 10.study for one's doctorate 攻读博士学位 11.an financial institution 一个金融机构 12.an extraordinary achievement 一项卓越的成就 13.grow a beard and a moustache 留起络腮胡子和髭 14.mourn his brother's death 哀悼哥哥的去世 核心单词三遍熟 1.crucial adj.　　　　至关重要的；关键性的 2.vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的； 充满生机的 3.boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 4.liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的 5.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 6.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 7.defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 8.apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 9.insist vi.& vt.　　　　　 坚持；坚决要求 10.mostly adv.　　　　　　主要地；一般地 11.flee vi.& vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 12.circumstance n. [usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 13.flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 14.infer vt. 推断；推定 15.gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 16.encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 17.mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；忧伤 18.remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 19.sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 20.draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟 拓展单词寻规记 1.commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺 2.academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的 3.botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学 4.evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估 5.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别 6.analyse vt.分析→analysis (pl.analyses) n．分析 7.scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 8.conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出 9.novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的 10.found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建者；创始人 11.politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 12.gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地 13.passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.有激情的 14.consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.结果；因此；所以 15.professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的 n．专业人士 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 名词后缀­sion/­ssion 表示性质或行为等 ①conclude下结论→conclusion结论　　　　　　②decide决定→decision决定 ③explode爆炸→explosion爆炸 ④expand扩张；增加→expansion扩张；增加 ⑤extend延伸→extension延伸 ⑥admit准许；承认→admission准许加入 ⑦permit允许→permission允许 背热考单词 1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的，充满生机的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be vital to/for ...　　　　对……至关重要 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 It is vital that ...(should) do sth. 做某事是十分重要的 2)be of vital importance 至关重要的 There is no doubt that enough sleep is vital for/to the students' physical and mental health. 毫无疑问，充足的睡眠对学生的身心健康至关重要。 2.commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证　vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 背重点 背写作佳句 1)commit mistakes/a crime　　　　犯错/犯罪 commit oneself to do/doing sth. 承诺做某事 2)commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于做某事 be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于做某事 3)make a commitment to (do/doing) sth. 保证/承诺做某事 ①I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English, which can gradually improve your oral English. 我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。(建议信) ②With the help of their father, the twins were committed to making delicious breakfast.在父亲的帮助下，双胞胎致力于做一顿美味的早餐。[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写] 3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 背重点 背写作佳句 1)acknowledge It is widely/generally acknowledged that... 　　　　　　　　　　　　……是大家公认的。 2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 ①It is acknowledged that the ocean plays a key role in our planet. 大家公认海洋在地球上至关重要。[2022·全国甲卷短文] ②Tom acknowledged being defeated in the competition, which made us quite depressed. 汤姆承认在比赛中失败了，这使我们很沮丧。(读后续写情感描写) 4.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 背重点 背写作佳句 1)As is apparently shown in the picture above... 　　　　　　　　正如上面图画所明显展示的那样…… 2)apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的 It is apparent (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是明显的 As is apparently shown above the chart, 65% of the students enjoy listening to English songs to learn English. 正如上表所明显展示的那样，65%的学生喜欢听英文歌曲来学习英语。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 5.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 背重点 背写作佳句 1)insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事 2)insist that 从句，从句用陈述语气，表“坚持说……” 3)insist (that) sb./sth.(should) do，从句用should do形式， should可省略，表“坚持主张；坚决要求” ①The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time. 学生会坚决要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。 ②My mother insisted that the video should be posted online, so I had to give in to her. 我妈妈坚持要把视频发到网上，所以我只好让步了。 6.conclusion n．结论；推论 背重点 背写作佳句 1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论 come to the conclusion that ... 得出……的结论 in conclusion 总而言之 2)conclude 从……推断出…… conclude sth. 以(做)某事结束某事 ①I concluded from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用自己的双手劳动很重要。 ②In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain and sunshine. 总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。(参赛短文) 7.circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 背重点 背写作佳句 in/under ... circumstances　　　在……的情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置句首，主谓部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许 ①Please keep in mind that under no circumstances should we leave any marks on the cultural relics. 请记住，在任何情况下我们都不能在文物上留下任何痕迹。 ②If circumstances permit，I will go on talking about the crucial problem，which is difficult to cope with. 如果情况允许，我将继续谈论这个很难处理的关键问题。 8.consequence n．结果；后果 背重点 背写作佳句 as a consequence＝in consequence　　　因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为；由于 face/take the consequences 面对/承担结果 I carelessly got the plan ruined, and consequently/in consequence/as a consequence, I had to face the consequences.我不小心把计划搞砸了，因此我必须承担后果。(读后续写) 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2．insist on 坚决要求 3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4．flow chart 流程图 5．come to power (开始)掌权；上台 6．take up a position 担任；任职 7．sum up 总结；概括 8．lead to 导致 第二组　课文词块 1．be mistaken for 被误认为是 2．be awarded to 被颁发给 3．a crucial new treatment for malaria 一种重要的疟疾新疗法 4．a committed and patient scientist 一位忠诚和耐心的科学家 5．with the objective of discovering a new treatment 带着发现一种新的治疗方法的目的 6．get stuck 进入僵局；遇到困难 7．analyse the medical texts 分析医学文献 8．make great achievements in physics and mathematics 在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就 9．spread Chinese medicine around the world 把中医传播到世界各地 10．make numerous contributions to the world 为世界做出许多贡献 11．out of a strong passion for knowledge 出于对知识的强烈热情 12．be recorded as a miracle 被记载为奇迹三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：be thought to do sth. 教材原句：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。 经典佳句：Last week, a group of foreign students came to our school and experienced Chinese tea culture, which is thought to be the symbol of Chinese culture. 上周，一群外国学生来到我们学校，体验了被认为是中国文化象征的中国茶文化。 2.句型公式：upon/on doing ... 教材原句：Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said ... 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：…… 经典佳句：On/Upon returning, Bernard thanked the Meredith family with misty eyes. 伯纳德一回来就含着泪感谢了梅雷迪斯一家。 3.句型公式：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 教材原句：On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀伤。 经典佳句：It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books. 人们普遍认为书的影响如此之大，以至于应该鼓励人们阅读更多书籍。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Additionally， I have a strong desire to devote myself to the development and construction of our country by using my 　professional　 （profession） knowledge. 2.（2023·全国乙卷）From the English side， we have 　scientific　 （science） reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. 3.The 　novelist　 （novel） was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving 　gently　 （gentle） in the breeze. 4.　Apparently　 （apparent）， the information 　obtained　 （obtain） from the website is not true. 5.I am convinced that with our joint efforts， the situation will be 　gradually　 （gradual） improved. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.　Committed　 （commit） to scientific research to a great extent， he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday. 2.　Encountering　 （encounter） a frightening beast on the way to the market the other day， the servant 　fled　 （flee） with her heart beating wildly. 3.The visiting team 　was defeated　 （defeat） by our women football team last night， which made our fans excited and proud. 4.　Founded　 （found） in 1985 in Beijing， it is now a nation-wide organization， where the performance of the employee 　was evaluated　 （evaluate） last month. 5.Upon 　graduating　 （graduate） from the university， the committed man took 　up　 a position in the company. 6.　Insisting　 （insist） that Tom had stolen the car， the old lady insisted that he 　（should） be sent　 （send） to the police. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Little by little， these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.　　n.生物，活物　 2.Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.　　adj.新颖的　 3.（2022·全国乙卷）Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.　　n.实验对象　 Ⅳ.应用文写作——人物描写——我最尊敬的人 练单句 1.我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治疗病人的疾病。 The person I respect most is my uncle 　who is committed to curing patients　 of their diseases all his life. 2.无论遇到什么困难，他绝不承认失败。 Whatever difficulties he encounters，　under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat　. 3.自从他上任以来，他坚持全心全意为所有的病人服务。 Ever since he took up his position， 　he has insisted on serving all the patients heart and soul　. 4.帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。 　It is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.　 5.一听说上海急需医生，他毫不犹豫地前往上海。 　Upon/On hearing that Shanghai was in great need of doctors， he headed for Shanghai without hesitation.　 组语篇 　　　The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life.Whatever difficulties he encounters， under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat.Ever since he took up his position， he has insisted on serving all the patients heart and soul.In his opinion， it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.Upon/On hearing that Shanghai was in great need of doctors， he headed for Shanghai without hesitation.　 Ⅴ读后续写——父亲对我非常生气，他就像一头发怒的狮子…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.我父亲有生以来从未对我如此生气过。 　Never had my father been so angry with me in all his life.　 （倒装句） 2.他就像一头发怒的狮子，眼睛里闪烁着无法抑制的怒火。 　With unstoppable rage in his eyes， he was like an angry lion.　 （比喻） 3.他气得咬牙切齿，几乎在发抖，但他没有像往常那样怒吼或用拳头捶桌子。 　His teeth locked together in anger and he was almost shaking　， but 　he neither shouted in anger nor slammed his fist on the table as usual　.（并列句） 4.他只是默默地瞪着我。他愤怒的目光真把我吓坏了。 　He just glared at me silently.His glaring eyes really frightened me.　 5.我紧张地咽了口唾沫，舔了舔嘴唇，把目光移开。 　I swallowed nervously， licked my lips and looked away.　 （三连动作链） 6.他沉默了一会儿，愤怒地跺了跺脚，愤然摔门而去。 After a few moments of silence， he 　stamped his feet angrily and stormed out　， 　slamming the door furiously behind him　.（三连动作链） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　Never had my father been so angry with me in all his life.With unstoppable rage in his eyes， he was like an angry lion.His teeth locked together in anger and he was almost shaking， but he neither shouted in anger nor slammed his fist on the table as usual.He just glared at me silently.His staring eyes really frightened me.I swallowed nervously， licked my lips and looked away.After a few moments of silence， he stamped his feet angrily and stormed out， slamming the door furiously behind him.　 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·山东省济宁市高三上学期期中]The beautiful island country of Madagascar has a serious school shortage. About a third of Malagasy children have no access to education because the schools are too far away or severely overcrowded. Thinking Huts， a non­profit organization dedicated to increasing global access to education， plans to tackle the issue with a series of 3D­printed schools， the first of which was completed in April 2022. The 765­square­feet structure， named Bougainvillea， will house 30 students. The construction began with the printer pouring a cement­like(水泥状) mixture in a pattern to create the walls. The entire process took just 18 hours！ The roof， doors and windows were locally sourced， and the walls were made of a cement mixture that can resist big environmental pressures in the area. Bougainvillea was 3D printed by 14 Trees， a company with experience printing buildings throughout Kenya and Malawi. Maggie Grouts， the 22­year­old founder of Thinking Huts， is a senior at the University of Colorado and was just 15 when she started Thinking Huts. Adopted from a rural village when she was 18 months old， Grout realized that not all kids were as fortunate as her and wanted to help. The idea for the 3D­printed schools came to her after brainstorming with her father on ways to use the technology for the greater good. The 3D printing approach shrinks the construction turnaround time from months to days， as well as the cost. This allows more schools to be built in less time and reduces the building's carbon footprints. And these savings in time， cost and materials meet a real need for education infrastructure (基础设施) to help bridge the global opportunity gap. “Thinking Huts hopes to have a Thinking Hut in every community where children do not have a place for education and is fundraising to develop this goal. By using 3D printing， we are combining the potential of technology with architectural solutions that tackle real problems the world faces within education，” says Grouts. 1．What are 3D­printed schools intended for？ A．Reducing construction wastes. B．Helping deal with a shortage of schools. C．Providing high­quality education for local students. D.Drawing public attention to 3D­printing technology. 2．Which of the following statements best describes Bougainvillea？ A．It has a complex architectural structure. B．It features strong resistance to bad weather. C.It is built with the help of the local government. D.It can hold more students than traditional schools. 3．What can be inferred about Maggie Grouts from the text？ A．She is truly creative and warmhearted. B．She had no access to school as a child. C.She is devoted to designing 3D­printed products. D.She raised money for kids from rural areas. 4．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4？ A．The advantages of 3D­printed schools. B．The wide popularity of 3D­printing technology. C.The significance of narrowing the global opportunity gap. D.The impact of 3D­printed buildings on the environment. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Maggie Grouts在马达加斯加创办3D打印学校的事迹。 1.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“The beautiful island country of Madagascar has a serious school shortage.”及“Thinking Huts， a non­profit dedicated to increasing global access to education， plans to tackle the issue with a series of 3D­printed schools， the first of which was completed in April 2022.”可知，3D打印学校的目的是帮助解决学校短缺问题。 2.答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The 765­square­feet structure， named Bougainvillea， will house 30 students.”及“The roof， doors and windows were locally sourced， and the walls were made of a cement mixture that can resist big environmental pressures in the area.”可知，Bougainvillea的建筑特点是抵抗坏天气能力强。 3.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Adopted from a rural village when she was 18 months old， Grout realized that not all kids were as fortunate as her and wanted to help. The idea for the 3D­printed schools came to her after brainstorming with her father on ways to use the technology for the greater good.”可知，Maggie Grouts很有创造力(创办3D打印学校)，也很热心(帮助孩子们接受教育)。 4.答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据第四段“3D打印方法将施工周转时间从几个月缩短到几天，也降低了成本。这使得在更短的时间内建造更多的学校，减少了建筑的碳足迹。这些在时间、成本和材料上的节省满足了教育基础设施的实际需求，以帮助弥合全球机会差距。”等内容可知，本段主要讲了3D打印学校的优势。 B [2024·石家庄市部分名校高三上学期一调]Could a new treatment developed by the US company Lilly mean “the beginning of the end” of Alzheimer's？ Could we even cure it some day？ These are headlines and questions swirling (流传) around after news of a new drug， called donanemab， showed promising results in phase­3 trials. The brain science behind Alzheimer's is complex， but CT and MRI scans suggest that poisonous changes occur in the brain， including the abnormal build­up of proteins called amyloid plaques and tau tangles. The damage starts in the parts of the brain essential for forming memories but then spreads throughout the organ， with brain tissue shrinking significantly. Developing treatments for Alzheimer's has been a challenge， with almost 20 years passing with no new drugs. But in the last year， two new ones have emerged： donanemab and lecanemab. Neither are cures or magic bullets for the disease， but they do address key symptoms. They target the amyloid proteins that can accumulate in the brain and damage neurons， slowing down its progression. While this news is exciting， there are major caveats. One is whether it will ever become available on the NHS. The cost is estimated to be about ￡20，000 per person per year of treatment. Another is the serious side effects： in the study， brain swelling occurred in 24% of participants and brain bleeding occurred in 31.4% on the drug compared with 13.6% in the placebo (安慰剂) group. There were also three deaths during the trial. Part of the problem for me， as an academic， in assessing the drug is that the full results of the trial haven't yet been shared publicly or published in a peer­review(ed) journal. We cannot access the full data or examine the trial yet， and there is always a motivation for private companies to overstate the effectiveness of new drugs. Trial results need to be assessed by an independent body of experts. While it is unlikely to change clinical practice until at least 2025， the news of donanemab is again an indication that science is continuing to make progress when it comes to treating the major causes of illness and death， even one related to the highly complex inner workings of the brain. So， there are caveats and the need for caution， but these new drugs are indeed the grounds for that rare thing these days： hope. 5．What can we learn about Alzheimer's from the passage？ A．There exists a new drug to cure it completely. B．Most people will develop Alzheimer's when they are old. C．It is caused by the accumulation of some proteins in the brain. D．It results from the loss of memories as people get older. 6．What does the underlined word “caveats” mean in Paragraph 4？ A．Warnings. B．Discussions. C．Debates. D．Weaknesses. 7．What is the problem of the new drug according to the author as an academic？ A．It has serious side effects such as brain bleeding and deaths. B．The effectiveness may be blown up without fair assessment. C．The cost of the new drug is out of reach for ordinary people. D．There is no possibility for new drugs to be admitted into the NHS. 8．What is the author's attitude towards the new drug？ A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent. B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种名为donanemab的新药在三期临床试验中显示有一定疗效，给阿尔茨海默氏病患者带来了希望。 5.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段以及第三段最后一句“...proteins that can accumulate in the brain...”可知，大脑中某些蛋白质的积累引起了阿尔茨海默氏病。 6.答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据下文中的“One is... Another is...”可知，有一些重要的注意事项，因此caveats与warnings意义相近。 7.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...there is always a motivation for private companies to overstate the effectiveness of new drugs. Trial results need to be assessed by an independent body of experts.”可知，药物的疗效有可能被夸大。 8.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but these new drugs are indeed the grounds for that rare thing these days： hope.”可知，作者对这种药持赞同的态度。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·山东省济南市高三三模]It was a regular day for high school teacher Cesar Punzalan. When he walked into the classroom， his students__1__ him as usual. As he stood behind his desk， ready to start the class， a student __2__ a brown box on his table. Slowly， Punzalan removed the cover and was __3__. There was a pair of brand­new __4__ inside the box. As expected， Punzalan couldn't control his __5__ and teared up. Several months ago， the students learned that Mr Punzalan had to walk for one hour daily to school. __6__， that wasn't all. He had a sick child at home. His thoughtful students __7__ he had been coming to school in worn­out shoes for a long time. They __8__ that maybe he didn't wish to buy new shoes because his salary was going toward his kid's __9__. Or perhaps he wanted to see how long his __10__ shoes would last. Whatever the real reasons， his students __11__ to help in any way possible. __12__， they purchased a lovely gift for Mr. Punzalan， sharing the kindness with him. While he struggled to talk， a sense of __13__ was written all over his face. He considered himself __14__ to be blessed with so many sweet students！ Teachers play an important role in our life. They __15__ the same love and care as we show to our parents. 1．A.congratulated B．greeted C．respected D．inspired 2．A.painted B．found C．slipped D．threw 3．A.annoyed B．frightened C．relieved D．surprised 4．A.shoes B．glasses C．gloves D．socks 5．A.likes B．emotions C．worries D．thoughts 6．A.Actually B．Originally C．Normally D．Briefly 7．A.agreed B．denied C．forgot D．learnt 8．A.figured B．complained C．admitted D．recalled 9．A.interest B．education C．treatment D．insurance 10．A.fancy B．strange C．cheap D．old 11．A.happened B．determined C．continued D．hesitated 12．A.Yet B．Thus C．Otherwise D．Instead 13．A.loss B．guilt C．responsibility D．happiness 14．A.different B．fortunate C．impressive D．successful 15．A.deserve B．spread C．require D．admire Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因为家中有生病孩子要治疗，教师蓬扎兰不舍得花钱给自己买鞋，他的学生们通过帮他买了一双新鞋来表达对他的热爱和尊敬的故事。 1.答案与解析：B　句意：当他走进教室时，他的学生像往常一样和他打招呼。根据后文“As he stood behind his desk， ready to start the class，”可知，当他站在讲桌后准备讲课时，根据常识推断出学生们在上课前会向老师打招呼。 2.答案与解析：C　句意：当他站在桌子后面准备开始上课时，一个学生把一个棕色的盒子迅速放在桌子上。根据后文“Punzalan removed the cover”可知，蓬扎兰打开了盒盖，说明学生把盒子迅速放在他的桌子上，slip意为“迅速放置”，符合句意。 3.答案与解析：D　句意：慢慢地，蓬扎兰取下盖子，他感到很惊讶。根据后文“As expected， Punzalan couldn't control his __5__ and teared up.”可知，蓬扎兰控制不住情绪，流泪了，说明他对于这个礼物很惊讶。 4.答案与解析：A　根据后文“maybe he didn't wish to buy new shoes”可知，学生认为蓬扎兰不愿意买新鞋，推断出学生送给他一双新鞋。 5.答案与解析：B　句意：不出所料，蓬扎兰无法控制自己的情绪，泪流满面。根据后文“teared up”可知，蓬扎兰泪流满面说明他无法控制自己的情绪。 6.答案与解析：A　根据后文“He had a sick child at home.”可知，蓬扎兰不仅要走路一个小时去上班，家里还有一个生病的孩子，说明事实上他走路上班不是他遇到的全部的困难。 7.答案与解析：D　句意：他体贴的学生们知道他穿着破旧的鞋子来学校已经很长时间了。根据后文“he had been coming to school in worn­out shoes for a long time.”可知，他穿破旧的鞋子上班已经很久了是学生们得知的情况。 8.答案与解析：A　句意：他们认为，也许他不想买新鞋，因为他的工资是用来给孩子治病的。根据后文“maybe he didn't wish to buy new shoes because his salary was going toward his kid's __9__.”可知，学生认为蓬扎兰不愿意买新鞋。 9.答案与解析：C　根据前文“He had a sick child at home.”可知，他有一个生病的孩子，推断出他不买新鞋的原因可能是要用钱给孩子治疗疾病。 10.答案与解析：D　根据前文“worn­out shoes”可知，他穿的鞋子是破旧的。 11.答案与解析：B　句意：无论真正的原因是什么，他的学生们都决定以任何可能的方式提供帮助。根据前文“Mr Punzalan had to walk for one hour daily to school”及“He had a sick child at home.”可知，蓬扎兰不仅要走一个小时的路程上班还有一个生病的孩子在家里，说明学生们决定以任何可能的方式帮助蓬扎兰。 12.答案与解析：B　前文“his students __11__ to help in any way possible.”及后文“they purchased a lovely gift for Mr. Punzalan， sharing the kindness with him.”可知，因为学生们想要以任何可能的形式来帮助蓬扎兰，所以他们购买了礼物，前后文构成因果关系，thus意为“因此”，符合句意。 13.答案与解析：D　根据后文“He considered himself __14__ to be blessed with so many sweet students！”可知，他认为自己很幸运，能被这么多可爱的学生祝福，说明他感到幸福。 14.答案与解析：B　句意：他认为自己是幸运的，拥有这么多可爱的学生！根据后文“to be blessed with so many sweet students”可知，他拥有这么多可爱的学生，说明他觉得自己很幸运。 15.答案与解析：A　句意：他们值得拥有我们对父母同样的爱和关怀。根据前文“Teachers play an important role in our life.”可知，老师在我们的生命中很重要，说明他们值得拥有我们对父母同样的爱和关怀。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$