专题16：Unit 1～Unit 8 期末语法归纳与专项训练-2024-2025学年八年级上学期英语期末复习高分秘籍及真题专练（沪教牛津版）

专题16：Unit 1~Unit 8 期末语法综合归纳与专项训练（沪教牛津版） Part I 语法要点归纳 Unit 1 不定代词some&any 以及复合不定代词 一、some&any 的用法归纳 （一）Some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“一些….”但二者在用法上还是有区别的。 some一般用于肯定句 any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 （二）some和any的特殊用法： ①some用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。 eg： Would you like some tea？你要喝点茶吗？ ②any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。 eg：Any person that is interested in the project can join us.对这个项目感兴趣的任何人都可加入我们。 ③some+单数名词, 表示某一 二、复合不定代词的用法归纳 thing body one some something somebody someone any anything anybody anyone every everything everybody everyone no nothing nobody no one 注意： ①.不定代词+形容词，形容词后置 something important anything possible nothing wrong 例句：Is there anything important this month? 这个月有没有什么重要的事情？ There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。 ②.复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Someone wants to see you outside. 外面有人想见你。 Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。/一切皆有可能。 Unit 2 数词 一、定义与分类 数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。 二、基数词 1. hundred（百）, thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion(十亿) About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。 Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。 2. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如： He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。 This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。 三、序数词 ( hundred—hundredth thousand—thousandth million--millionth) 基数词表示几个，后接名词复数，而序数词表示第几个（即一个），后接可数名词的单数。 如：six friends(六个朋友) the sixth friend（第六个朋友） 序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。 如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。 He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。 注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。 如：We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。 one two three four five six seven eight nine first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twenty thirty hundred thousand million twentieth thirtieth hundredth thousandth millionth 四、分数、倍数、小数和百分数 1. 分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。 如： two thirds=2/3 three fifths=3/5 注：1/2 通常读作 a [one] half，一般不读作a second；1/4 可读作 a [one] fourth，也可读作 a [one] quarter。 2. 倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。如： They’re twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。 Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。 3. 百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 percent。如： thirty percent=30% 60 percent=60% 4、小数。 小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如: 9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。 五、表示日期 1949年1949读作nineteen forty-nine 6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June 2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six 1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred 六、表示钟点 半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。 08:00 eight o’clock或eight 09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine 02:30 two thirty或half past/after two 05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six 七、表示约数 1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如： The boy bought dozens of pencils.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。 Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。 2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。 如: nearly two hours将近两个小时。 3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。 如: more than 100 years一百多年。 4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。 如: about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。 5. 用to, from…to…, between…and表示介于两数词。如： His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month. 他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。 Unit 3 形容词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater greatest 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider bravest widest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier happiest 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive most difficult most expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 注意： (1) 有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以­ow，­er结尾的词。 (2) 有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much许多的 more most little less least far farther距离远的 farthest距离最远 far further距离更远；程度更胜 furthest距离最远；程度最深 old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) 3. 常考结构和句型 一、原级结构和句型 形容词的原级通常用于两者之间的比较，常用句型为： (1)“A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B”表示“A比B……”．例如： This book is more expensive than that one. 这本书比那本书更贵。 (2)带as(so)… as的结构 1. 在表示“和…一样…”时，可用“as... as”结构(前面的as后要用原形)： 　　He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。 　　I’ll give you as much help as I can. 我将尽量帮助你。 　　The airport was as crowded as ever. 机场还是像平常那样拥挤。 　　You’re as good a singer as Johny Buck. 你的歌唱得像约尼∙伯克一样好。 2. 在表示“不像…那样…”时可用“not as(so)... as”这种结构： 　　It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。 　　He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。 3. 这种结构中也可包含次数，倍数；一个状语或有almost, just, nearly, quite这类副词形容： 　　The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那头鲸有她的那艘船的两倍长。 　　Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子约为我们房子三倍大。 　　My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英语掌握得还不及你的一半好。 　　He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他几乎和她姐姐一样勤奋。 She is nearly as tall as her mother. 她几乎和她妈妈一样高。 4. as... as还可用在许多固定说法中： as well as 也 as soon as 一...就 as long as 只要 as far as we know 据我们所知...... 二、比较级结构和句型 （1）.“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级（或more and more+原级）”表示“越来越 ……”。例如： The night is getting shorter and shorter. 夜变得越来越短。 Their daughter becomes more and more beautiful. 他们的女儿变得越来越漂亮了。 （2）.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。例如： The more, the better. 越多越好。 形容词的比较级前可用much，a little，a bit，a lot，far，even，rather等修饰，表示比较的程度。例如： This room is rather brighter than that one.这个房间比那个房间明亮多了。 　A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle. 计算机比自行车贵多了。 注意：形容词比较级表示最高级的含义用法： 1. “否定词+谓语+比较级”相当于最高级。如： I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird I’ve ever seen. 这是我所见过的最好的鸟。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好啊！我从来没有听过这么动听的声音。 2. ~ + be + the 比较级 + of the two. （两个之中比较…的那一个，~包含在两个之中） Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy. 三. 最高级 三者或三者以上相比较，用“the+形容词最高级”的结构表示，后面一般带有表示比较范围的介词短语。常用句型为： （1）A + be + the + 形容词最高级(+名词)+ of/in...表示“A在……中是最……的”。例如： Spring is the best season of a year.春天是一年中最好的季节。 （2） “one of+the+ 形容词的最高级+可数名词的复数”表示“最......的之一”。 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一 （3）“the+ 序数词+形容词的最高级+名词单数+范围......”：表示“在某范围内是第几…的” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 （4）A是我见过(听过,读过)....最…的：A…+ the+最高级+(that) I have ever seen/heard/read Harry Potteris the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. 哈利波特是我读过的最有趣的书。 （5）Which (who)… (the)+最高级,   A, B or C? 意为：A ,B,C哪个最…? Which country is the largest，China，Russia or Canada？ 哪个国家是最大，中国，俄罗斯还是加拿大？ Unit 5&Unit 6 现在完成时 一、概念：1.动作发生在过去,但对现在产生影响。 Eg: Thank you for inviting me, but I have seen the film. (Now I know about the film, so I don’t want to see it again.) 2.表示过去已经开始而且持续到现在的动作或状态 Eg: I have lived in Shenzhen for ten years. Eg: He has learned English since he was five. 2、 现在完成时态的构成： 3、 动词过去分词规则变化和不规则变化 过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked；help→helped 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d like→liked；live→lived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed cry→cried；study→studied 以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned 不规则：动词过去分词不规则表（教材） 四、现在完成时态常与一些时间状语连用： yet, already, just, before, ever, never, recently, so far（到目前为止）, till/until, up to now/till（直到现在), in the past few years（在过去的几年），since then (从那时候开始） etc. 六、already 和yet, ever 和never, since 和for 的区别： 1.already (已经）& yet（已经）的用法 already 用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑问句。如： Eg: I have seen the film already. Eg: He hasn't come back from Shanghai yet. Eg: Has he come back yet? 2.ever (曾经） & never （从不）的用法 ever 常用于疑问句，never常用于陈述句。如： Eg: Has Anne ever been to Australia? Eg: My mother has never travelled by air. 3.since & for 的用法 (1) since四种用法： a) since + 过去一个时间点（1980, March, half past six) Eg: I have been here since 1989. b) since + 一段时间 + ago Eg: I have been here since five months ago. c) since + 从句 Eg: Great change have taken place since you left. d) It is + 一段时间 + since 从句 （过去时） Eg: It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. (2) for 引导的表示一段时间的状语 Eg: They have been in Canada for ten years. (3) 对since+表过去的时间点, for+时间段连用提问都用how long。 Eg: My brother has kept this book for 5 weeks. (特殊疑问句) → How long has your brother kept this book? 五、瞬间性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时, 将瞬间性动词转化为持续性动词 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。    表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间 for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词 since last year, since 5 days ago; 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 have come/ gone back → have been back went → have/ has been there died → have been dead borrowed → have/ has kept bought →have had joined →have/ has been in…/ → have/ has been a …member left →have/ has been away became →have/ has been began/ started →have/ has been on finished →have/ has been over went out →have/has been out opened →have/ has been open（形容词） closed →have/ has been closed(形容词） 六．比较：have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in He went to Shanghai last week 上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海 He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 [在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了] He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了 [也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里] He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 [现在还在上海没有离开呢] He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10年 [现在不在上海了] 总结： have/has been in表示延续性动作，后面可以接时间。 have/has been to表示曾经去过某地，说话时已不在那个地方。 have/has gone to表示已经去了某地，说话时仍然在那个地方。 Unit 7 If 引导的条件状语句 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if。 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种（非真实条件句会在高中的虚拟语气中学习），其引导的真实条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 1) 如果 if 条件句讲述自然规律，肯定会发生的事情或客观事实，主句和if从句都用一般现在时态。（主现从现） Eg: If you take a fish out of water, it dies.如果把鱼从水中拿出，它会死。 2)  在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，谈论将来可能出现的情况时， 主句 一般将来时态 祈使句 + if从句（一般现在时态） 情态动词 （主现从现）If you put a piece of paper into water, it gets wet. 如果你把一张纸放进水中，它会变湿。 （主将从现）I’ll buy a car if I have enough money. 如果我有足够的钱， 我会买一辆车。 （主祈从现）Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。 (主情从现) If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly. 如果我早早地到那里， 我就可以快点看病。 【注意】 此处if引导的从句，还可由 when， as soon as(一…就…), （not）…until （直到…才），unless(除非)来引导。 Unit 8 情态动词 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 can，may，must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法： 1. can 的用法： （1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t .  她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 （2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.   你可以用我的字典。 （3）.表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。 2. could的用法： （1）can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10.  他十岁时就会写诗。 （2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 3. may的用法： （1）.表示请求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。  (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.  (3) .may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如：He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。  (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed！祝你成功！ 4. must的用法： (1).must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？ (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如：You mustn’t play with fire.  你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。 （3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t  或 don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗？—No, you needn’t.不，你不必。  (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 注意其反意问句的构成形式： 　当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分) 5. need的用法： （1）.need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need 提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 needn’t或don’t have to。 如：—Need I stay here any longer?  我还有必要留在这儿吗？—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不， 你不必。 (2).need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。 如果是物作主语，一般用need doing 与 need to be done这种情况下应注意两点： ①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要维修了。 6. dare 的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need，有两种词性： （1）dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗？I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me? 我可不敢问她，你能帮我问问吗？ （2）dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如：He doesn’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。 　　注意：在口语中，dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said? 你敢告诉她我说的话吗？I didn’t dare look at him.我不敢看他。 7. shall 的用法： shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？ 在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。 (1).用“Let's do...”来提出建议。如：Let's go for a walk after supper. (2).用“What/How about...?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us? (3).用“Why not...?”来提出建议，表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。“Why not...?”实际上是“Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day? (4).用“Would you like...?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要……吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?　Would you like to go and see her? 因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法： Shall we go for a swim?　 Let's go for a swim，shall we?　 What about/How about going swimming?　 Why not go for a swim?　 Would you like to go for a swim?　 What do you think of going for a swim? 8. should的用法： 1. 情态动词should 常用来表示劝告、建议或义务，意思是“应该”，可用于各种 人称，其语气比 must 及ought to委婉后接不带to的动词不定式。此外， should 还可表示合理的推论，意思是“应该；理应；一定 . . . . 吧”。例如：      1）You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .         你不应该匆忙作出这样的决定。      2）The party should be great fun .          那个集会一定很有意思。  2.“should + have + 过去分词”常表示如下意思：      1）表示义务并指过去的情况。意思是“本来应该 . . . . （却没有）；要是已经. . . . . 就 好了”，即指过去应该做某事而没有做，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：       (1) You are right . I should have thought of that .          你说得对，我应该想到这一点。      （2）They should not have left so soon .          他们不应当走得这么早。 2）表示预期。意思是“应该 . . . . 了；一定已经 . . . . 了”，指某个动作到现在应该发生了，只表示一种合理的推测或看法，不含责备的意思。如：     （1）The train should have already left .          火车大概已经开走了。     （2）They should have known the news.          他们一定知道这个消息了吧。 9.had better 的用法      1. had better 是固定词组，意思是“应该；最好”，后接不带 to 的不定式，其用法相当于情态动词，动词 had 没有人称或数的变化。had better 常用来提出建议，语气较强，往往含有强迫或命令的口气，故常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级或平辈之间。该短语指的是现在或将来的情况，而不是指过去。 had better的简略式为：'d better 。如：        1) You'd better go there by bus.            你最好是坐公共汽车去那里。        2) We had better start at once .            我们最好立刻出发。     2. had better的否定是had better not；疑问式是将 had 放在主语之前。如：        1) We'd better not tell him the news. 我门最好不要告诉他这个消息。        2）Hadn't we better go to the station to meet him ?             我门去车站去接他们不是更好一点吗？    3. 在反意疑问句中，疑问部分一般用“ had + 主语？”, 但有时也可用“ Will        you ?”, 表示一种请求或建议。如：       1）You'd better not go out today , had you ?今天你最好不要外出，好吗？       2）I must stay at home this afternoon. You had better come to my house , will you ?           我今天下午必须留在家里，你最好来我家，好吗？     4. 对长辈或上级说话时，应避免使用 had better 。比较礼貌的说法是 It may /        might be better for you to do sth .。如：        It might be better for you to take a taxi.          你最好是乘出租车去。 10. will 的用法： will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。 注意：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答: 1.对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may.  Yes, of course.　Yes, certainly. Sure .　 No, you mustn’t.  No, you can’t. 2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must.  No,… needn’t/ don’t have to. 3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称， 表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种： Yes, please.　All right.　No, thank you. 5. would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)　Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)　All right/ OK/ With pleasure.　Certainly. (No, thank you .)　Yes, please. 【情态动词易混点归纳】 易混点一: can和be able to: 两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中 要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to 常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时 就会说英语。We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。 易混点二：can’t 和 mustn’t 1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为： （1）不会。如：I can’t speak English . 我不会说英语。 （2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。 （3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.. 那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。 2. mustn’t 意为“ 禁止、不许”， 用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。 如：You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。　　 易混点三：must 和 have to 1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害， 我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。 2. have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。 Unit 1~Unit 8期末语法专题训练 一、单项选择 1．Tom likes DIY because he enjoys making ________. A．new something B．anything new C．something new D．new everything 2．—What shall we do this weekend? —You can go swimming, hiking, or ________ else you enjoy doing. A．anything B．nobody C．everything D．somebody 3．—Do you have ________ English storybooks? —No, I don’t. But I have ________ Chinese storybooks. A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some 4．—Could you give me ________ juice? —Sorry, I don’t have ________. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 5．My mum wants to buy ________ rice because there isn’t ________ in the kitchen. A．any; some B．some; some C．any; any D．some; any 6．Since everyone ________ here, let’s begin our class. A．are B．is C．were D．has been 7．—Would you like _________ coffee? —Sure, I’d like to drink _________. It’s very cold outside. A．some; anything hot B．some; something hot C．any; anything hot D．any; something hot 8．—Did you see ________ at China National Tea Museum in Hangzhou? —Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there. A．something interesting B．everything interesting C．anything interesting D．nothing interesting 9．— What would you like to drink, sir? —________ but coffee. I live on it every day. A．Anything B．Everything C．Something D．Nothing 10．—Hey, Bill. ________ is waiting for you in the library. —It must be David. A．Everyone B．Someone C．Anyone 11．Sunday is ________ day of a week in some countries. A．the one B．one C．the first D．first 12．People planted a tree here ten years ago. And now the tree is ________. A．three-meter-tall B．three-meters-tall C．three meter tall D．three meters tall 13．It’s dangerous to swim in the river, for it is ________ deep. A．10-metre B．10 metres C．10-metres D．10 metres’ 14．In our class, ________ of the students ________ boys. A．three fifth; are B．three fifths; are C．three fifths; is D．three fifth; is 15．—Please turn to Page ________ and look at the ________ picture. —OK. A．Twelfth; twelfth B．Twelve; twelve C．Twelfth; twelve D．Twelve; twelfth 16．Our school has built a new building. There are _________ floors in this building and my classroom is on _________ floor. A．six; the fifth B．sixth; fifth C．six; fifth D．sixth; the fifth 17．The great inventor had ________ inventions in his life. And the ________ one is the most important. A．hundred; five B．hundreds of; five C．hundreds of; fifth D．hundred; fifth 18．There are _________ stars in the sky but we can only see about six _________ stars. A．a large amount of; thousand B．a large number of; thousand C．a large amount of; thousands D．a large number of; thousands 19．Today ________ people across the world own mobile phones. A．million B．millions of C．three millions D．million of 20．The hole is ________. Be careful not to fall into it. A．two metres long B．two metres deep C．two-metre long D．two-metre deep 21．Almost ________ of the students in our school ________ boys. A．three quarter, are B．three quarters, are C．three quarters, is D．third quarter, is 22．________, Mr. Smith came to China. He was ________ then, I remember. A．In 1990s, in the thirties B．On the 1990s, in the thirty C．In the 1990s, in his thirties D．On 1990s, in his thirties 23．________ of the teachers in the school is 300. ________ of them are women teachers. A．The number, First fourth B．The number; One fourth C．A number, One second D．A number; Three quarters 24．________ children had a good festival on the ________ Children’s Day. A．Millions of, sixty B．Ten million; sixty C．Millions of; sixtieth D．Ten millions; sixtieth 25．—How was your trip to the park last Sunday? —It couldn’t be ________. We lost our way in the park and it kept raining all the day. A．nicer B．worst C．worse D．good 26．This is ________ phone in our shop. Nothing else is cheaper. A．cheaper B．the cheapest C．more expensive D．the most expensive 27．—Remember to put on warm clothes. It’s getting _________ these days. —I wish the weather in winter could be as _________ as that in spring. A．hotter; warm B．colder; warm C．hotter; warmer D．colder; warmer 28．Nanjing isn’t ________ large as Shanghai. But it’s the second ________ city in East China. A．as; largest B．like; largest C．as; larger D．like; large 29．—How careful you are, Helen! —We must. As we all know that ________ we do, ________ mistakes we will make. A．the more careful; the fewer B．the more carefully; the less C．the more careful; the less D．the more carefully; the fewer 30．Max spends ________ time than ________ reading English in his class. A．fewer; any students B．less; any student C．fewer; any other students D．less; any other student 31．We felt proud (骄傲的) that China won more gold medals than ________ in Europe (欧洲) in the Paris Olympic Games in the summer of 2024. A．any other countries B．the other countries C．any country D．other countries 32．—Andy! Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is ________ best film I have ever seen. —I can’t agree more. I have never seen ________ better one before. A．the; the B．/; the C．a; a D．the; a 33．If you compare Linda ________ Mary, you will find Mary is ________ of the two. A．to; the smarter B．with; smarter C．to; smarter D．with; the smarter 34．The rabbit is ________ smaller than the pig, but it runs faster. A．more B．so C．much D．quite 35．Mary’s Clothes Store is one of ________ stores in town. A．the most cheaply B．the cheapest C．the most cheap D．the cheapliest 36．— Mary is one of ________ students in our class. — She is as ________ as her friends. A．friendlier; the friendliest B．friendly; friendliest C．friendliest; friendlier D．the friendliest; friendly 37．—Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ in China? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest cities; any other B．the biggest city; any other C．the biggest cities; the other D．the biggest city; the other 38．The Dongting Lake is ________ lake in China. A．second largest B．second large C．the second largest D．largest 39．My grandmother ________ here for 10 years, so she knows well about her neighbourhood. A．lives B．has lived C．will live D．was living 40．They ________ England and they will be back next week. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have gone in D．has been on 41．Her son __________ the army for two months. She misses him very much. A．has joined B．has been in C．joined D．was 42．Elizabeth ________ this book ________ she was a teenager. A．has bought; since B．bought; since C．has had; since D．has bought; from 43．—________ Ann ever ________ online with you? —No, she hasn’t. A．Have; chated B．Has; chated C．Have; chatted D．Has; chatted 44．—Have you ________ spoken to a foreign visitor? —No, not ________. A．ever; never B．yet; ever C．ever; yet D．yet; yet 45．Miss Li ________ in Shenyang since she ________ school. A．has worked, has left B．worked, left C．worked, has left D．has worked, left 46．My life has changed a lot _________ five years ago. A．for B．since C．in D．of 47．We ________ our foreign teacher since he ________ to America. A．haven’t heard from; returned B．didn’t hear from; returned C．didn’t hear from; returns D．haven’t heard from; returns 48．It is said that the number of forest Parks in Guangdong _______ to more than 1,000 so far. A．increase B．increased C．has increased D．will increase 49．Ben sings _________ but he draws _________ than his brother. A．bad; worse B．bad; better C．badly; worse D．badly; better 50．—Have you ever _________ any other country before? —Yes. I _________ Australia last year. I’ve stayed there for two weeks. A．been to; gone to B．been to; went to C．gone to; been to D．gone to; went to 51．—When _________ your dad _________ this car? —In 2013. He _________ this car for ten years. He loves it very much. A．has; bought; has had B．has; bought; has bought C．did; buy; has bought D．did; buy; has had 52．My parents have worked in Guangzhou ________ November 2016. I have studied in Guangzhou ________ several years. A．since; for B．for; since C．since; since D．for; for 53．—What do you think of the exam? —It is not as _________ as before. I think I need to study harder. A．easy B．easily C．easier D．the easiest 54．Every year, we give away ________ books to the children in the countryside.We gave away ________ books to them last month. A．thousands of; seven hundred B．thousand of ; seven hundred C．thousands of; seven hundreds D．thousand of; seven hundreds 55．—Have you ________ been to the Canton Tower? —No, I have ________ been there before. I hope I can visit it soon. A．ever; yet B．ever; never C．already; never D．yet; ever 56．Li Ming ________ the book for many years since he ________ it as a prize in the competition. A．kept; got B．has kept; has got C．has kept; get D．has kept; got 57．I really need ________ to help me carry the heavy box, but I can't find ________ here. A．somebody; nobody B．somebody; anybody C．anybody; somebody D．nobody; anybody 58．I’m sure that you will succeed one day ________ you don’t give up easily. A．unless B．or C．but D．if 59．My grandpa is nearly ________ years old.We will celebrate his ________ birthday next month. A．seventy; seventy B．seventy; seventieth C．seventieth; seventy D．seventieth; seventieth 60．You had better ________ football near the street. It’s very dangerous. A．not to play B．don’t play C．not play D．to not play 61．In winter, the weather in Guangzhou is ________ that in Northern areas. A．very warm than B．much warmer than C．more warmer than D．even warm as 62．—Tomorrow is my ________ birthday. Would you like to come to my birthday party? —Sure. I’d like to. A．twelve B．twelveth C．twelfth D．the twelfth 63．You ________ marks in the exam if you don’t improve your hand-writing. A．lose B．lost C．will lose D．have lost 64．You _________ do more exercise _________ you want to be stronger. A．had better; if B．had better; unless C．had better not; if D．had better not; unless 65．Linda and Lucy ________ many places of interest in Guangzhou since 5 years ago. A．visited B．will visit C．has visited D．have visited 66．It made me ________ in language learning when I was young. A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．interestingly 67．If you wish to invite ________ people to visit you, you must ask your host for permission first. A．other B．others C．another D．the other 68．Lily is a helpful girl. She gives me ________ advice as she can whenever I am in trouble. A．as many B．as more C．as most D．as much 69．If our government ________ attention to controlling food safety now, our health ________ in danger. A．won’t pay; is B．doesn’t pay; is C．won’t pay; will be D．doesn’t pay; will be 70．—I failed again! I feel very upset. —Don’t lose heart. If you ________ going, you will make it finally! A．keep B．kept C．will keep D．are keeping 71．—We will certainly go to a good high school ________ we work hard. —Yes. Our dream will come true by working hard. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as far as D．even if 72．I wonder if Sally ________ to my party next Sunday. If she ________ to my party, I’ll be very happy. A．goes, goes B．will go, will go C．goes, will go D．will go, goes 73．Our country will be much better for everyone ________ we all do something to help now. A．if B．before C．so that D．even though 74．Jenny will do her homework as soon as she ________ back home. A．was coming B．will come C．came D．comes 75．—Whose schoolbag is this? —It ________ be Peter’s, but I’m not sure. A．need B．can C．must D．might 76．I think I ________ be a singer when I grow up. But I’m not sure. A．need B．might C．should D．must 77．— Must I take my swimming suit? — No, you_________. We will just go hiking in the mountain. A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 78．— May I watch movies on the Internet, mom? — I’m afraid you ________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t 79．—Can we play games here? —Better not. If you ________, please go to the open space there. A．can B．must C．may D．will 80．—Where are you going on a school trip this term, Simon? —I’m not sure. We ________ visit Qixia Hill. Autumn is the best time to go there. A．must B．will C．should D．may 81．—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. —I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．needn’t 82．It is snowing heavily. For your safety, you __________ take the underground instead of riding bicycles to school. A．had better not B．needn’t C．had better D．need 83．When you are in the school library, you ________ speak loudly. A．had better B．ought to not C．should D．ought not to 84．The editors ________ decide the title of the newspaper as soon as possible. A．could B．might C．may D．ought to 85．—Mom, ________ I hang out with my friends? —Sure, but you ________ get home before 9:00 p.m. A．can; might B．can; have to C．must; have to D．must; might 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．—What’s up, Sandy? —Look! What a mess! Somebody (break) that window. 2．She has her old car and bought a new one. (sell) 3．The little girl (read) many books since she was five years old. 4．We are tired out now because we (ride) the bike for such a long time. 5．Mr Wang (teach) in this school for twenty years. 6．Our English teacher will go to Britain for (far) study next month. 7．The traffic is much (bad) after five o’ clock in big cities. 8．This is one of (exciting) films of this year. 9．In the competition, Linda came first as she made the (few) mistakes. 10．Dumpling House is one of (cheap) restaurant in the city. 11．Can machine be as (intelligence) as human beings? 12．I (not see) my English-speaking friends for a long time. I miss them. 13．—Have you (hear) that Wang Qiang won a game yesterday? —Yes, it’s a piece of good news. 14．Recently, an increasing number of people (fall) in love with Hanfu. 15．Yeah! Our team has (win) the basketball match! 三、语法填空 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 Recently, Lei Jun 1 (become) even more popular on the Internet because of SU7, which is a new kind of electric car. Lei 2 (be) born in a common family in December, 1969 in Hubei. He is a famous Chinese entrepreneur (企业家). He is the cofounder and CEO of Xiaomi which is a global technology giant. With a deep understanding of consumer needs, Lei has turned Xiaomi into one of the most 3 (value) brands in the technology industry. In 2010, he cofounded Xiaomi and managed 4 (create) high-quality, affordable technology products for the consumers. Many mi fans can get better enjoyment at a 5 (low) price. Then, Xiaomi 6 (quick) gained popularity and market share in China. Lei’s leadership style is 7 (know) for its teamwork. He believes that a company’s success not only depends on its products but also lies in its culture and values. Outside of Xiaomi, Lei is also active in charity and has supported a large number of social causes, 8 (include) education and environmental protection. On November 29th, 2023, Lei donated 1.3 billion yuan to his former school—Wuhan University. Lei Jun said that without his former school, there wouldn’t be his 9 (achieve) today. The youth can learn a lot from 10 (he). His personal journey and experience will continue to inspire countless people. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题16：Unit 1~Unit 8 期末语法综合归纳与专项训练（沪教牛津版） Part I 语法要点归纳 Unit 1 不定代词some&any 以及复合不定代词 一、some&any 的用法归纳 （一）Some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“一些….”但二者在用法上还是有区别的。 some一般用于肯定句 any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 （二）some和any的特殊用法： ①some用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。 eg： Would you like some tea？你要喝点茶吗？ ②any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。 eg：Any person that is interested in the project can join us.对这个项目感兴趣的任何人都可加入我们。 ③some+单数名词, 表示某一 二、复合不定代词的用法归纳 thing body one some something somebody someone any anything anybody anyone every everything everybody everyone no nothing nobody no one 注意： ①.不定代词+形容词，形容词后置 something important anything possible nothing wrong 例句：Is there anything important this month? 这个月有没有什么重要的事情？ There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。 ②.复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Someone wants to see you outside. 外面有人想见你。 Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。/一切皆有可能。 Unit 2 数词 一、定义与分类 数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。 二、基数词 1. hundred（百）, thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion(十亿) About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。 Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。 2. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如： He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。 This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。 三、序数词 ( hundred—hundredth thousand—thousandth million--millionth) 基数词表示几个，后接名词复数，而序数词表示第几个（即一个），后接可数名词的单数。 如：six friends(六个朋友) the sixth friend（第六个朋友） 序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。 如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。 He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。 注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。 如：We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。 one two three four five six seven eight nine first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twenty thirty hundred thousand million twentieth thirtieth hundredth thousandth millionth 四、分数、倍数、小数和百分数 1. 分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。 如： two thirds=2/3 three fifths=3/5 注：1/2 通常读作 a [one] half，一般不读作a second；1/4 可读作 a [one] fourth，也可读作 a [one] quarter。 2. 倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。如： They’re twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。 Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。 3. 百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 percent。如： thirty percent=30% 60 percent=60% 4、小数。 小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如: 9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。 五、表示日期 1949年1949读作nineteen forty-nine 6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June 2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six 1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred 六、表示钟点 半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。 08:00 eight o’clock或eight 09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine 02:30 two thirty或half past/after two 05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six 七、表示约数 1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如： The boy bought dozens of pencils.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。 Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。 2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。 如: nearly two hours将近两个小时。 3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。 如: more than 100 years一百多年。 4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。 如: about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。 5. 用to, from…to…, between…and表示介于两数词。如： His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month. 他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。 Unit 3 形容词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater greatest 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider bravest widest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier happiest 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive most difficult most expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 注意： (1) 有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以­ow，­er结尾的词。 (2) 有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much许多的 more most little less least far farther距离远的 farthest距离最远 far further距离更远；程度更胜 furthest距离最远；程度最深 old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) 3. 常考结构和句型 一、原级结构和句型 形容词的原级通常用于两者之间的比较，常用句型为： (1)“A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B”表示“A比B……”．例如： This book is more expensive than that one. 这本书比那本书更贵。 (2)带as(so)… as的结构 1. 在表示“和…一样…”时，可用“as... as”结构(前面的as后要用原形)： 　　He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。 　　I’ll give you as much help as I can. 我将尽量帮助你。 　　The airport was as crowded as ever. 机场还是像平常那样拥挤。 　　You’re as good a singer as Johny Buck. 你的歌唱得像约尼∙伯克一样好。 2. 在表示“不像…那样…”时可用“not as(so)... as”这种结构： 　　It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。 　　He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。 3. 这种结构中也可包含次数，倍数；一个状语或有almost, just, nearly, quite这类副词形容： 　　The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那头鲸有她的那艘船的两倍长。 　　Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子约为我们房子三倍大。 　　My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英语掌握得还不及你的一半好。 　　He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他几乎和她姐姐一样勤奋。 She is nearly as tall as her mother. 她几乎和她妈妈一样高。 4. as... as还可用在许多固定说法中： as well as 也 as soon as 一...就 as long as 只要 as far as we know 据我们所知...... 二、比较级结构和句型 （1）.“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级（或more and more+原级）”表示“越来越 ……”。例如： The night is getting shorter and shorter. 夜变得越来越短。 Their daughter becomes more and more beautiful. 他们的女儿变得越来越漂亮了。 （2）.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。例如： The more, the better. 越多越好。 形容词的比较级前可用much，a little，a bit，a lot，far，even，rather等修饰，表示比较的程度。例如： This room is rather brighter than that one.这个房间比那个房间明亮多了。 　A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle. 计算机比自行车贵多了。 注意：形容词比较级表示最高级的含义用法： 1. “否定词+谓语+比较级”相当于最高级。如： I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird I’ve ever seen. 这是我所见过的最好的鸟。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好啊！我从来没有听过这么动听的声音。 2. ~ + be + the 比较级 + of the two. （两个之中比较…的那一个，~包含在两个之中） Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy. 三. 最高级 三者或三者以上相比较，用“the+形容词最高级”的结构表示，后面一般带有表示比较范围的介词短语。常用句型为： （1）A + be + the + 形容词最高级(+名词)+ of/in...表示“A在……中是最……的”。例如： Spring is the best season of a year.春天是一年中最好的季节。 （2） “one of+the+ 形容词的最高级+可数名词的复数”表示“最......的之一”。 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一 （3）“the+ 序数词+形容词的最高级+名词单数+范围......”：表示“在某范围内是第几…的” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 （4）A是我见过(听过,读过)....最…的：A…+ the+最高级+(that) I have ever seen/heard/read Harry Potteris the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. 哈利波特是我读过的最有趣的书。 （5）Which (who)… (the)+最高级,   A, B or C? 意为：A ,B,C哪个最…? Which country is the largest，China，Russia or Canada？ 哪个国家是最大，中国，俄罗斯还是加拿大？ Unit 5&Unit 6 现在完成时 一、概念：1.动作发生在过去,但对现在产生影响。 Eg: Thank you for inviting me, but I have seen the film. (Now I know about the film, so I don’t want to see it again.) 2.表示过去已经开始而且持续到现在的动作或状态 Eg: I have lived in Shenzhen for ten years. Eg: He has learned English since he was five. 2、 现在完成时态的构成： 3、 动词过去分词规则变化和不规则变化 过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked；help→helped 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d like→liked；live→lived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed cry→cried；study→studied 以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned 不规则：动词过去分词不规则表（教材） 四、现在完成时态常与一些时间状语连用： yet, already, just, before, ever, never, recently, so far（到目前为止）, till/until, up to now/till（直到现在), in the past few years（在过去的几年），since then (从那时候开始） etc. 六、already 和yet, ever 和never, since 和for 的区别： 1.already (已经）& yet（已经）的用法 already 用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑问句。如： Eg: I have seen the film already. Eg: He hasn't come back from Shanghai yet. Eg: Has he come back yet? 2.ever (曾经） & never （从不）的用法 ever 常用于疑问句，never常用于陈述句。如： Eg: Has Anne ever been to Australia? Eg: My mother has never travelled by air. 3.since & for 的用法 (1) since四种用法： a) since + 过去一个时间点（1980, March, half past six) Eg: I have been here since 1989. b) since + 一段时间 + ago Eg: I have been here since five months ago. c) since + 从句 Eg: Great change have taken place since you left. d) It is + 一段时间 + since 从句 （过去时） Eg: It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. (2) for 引导的表示一段时间的状语 Eg: They have been in Canada for ten years. (3) 对since+表过去的时间点, for+时间段连用提问都用how long。 Eg: My brother has kept this book for 5 weeks. (特殊疑问句) → How long has your brother kept this book? 五、瞬间性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时, 将瞬间性动词转化为持续性动词 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。    表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间 for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词 since last year, since 5 days ago; 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 have come/ gone back → have been back went → have/ has been there died → have been dead borrowed → have/ has kept bought →have had joined →have/ has been in…/ → have/ has been a …member left →have/ has been away became →have/ has been began/ started →have/ has been on finished →have/ has been over went out →have/has been out opened →have/ has been open（形容词） closed →have/ has been closed(形容词） 六．比较：have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in He went to Shanghai last week 上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海 He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 [在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了] He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了 [也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里] He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 [现在还在上海没有离开呢] He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10年 [现在不在上海了] 总结： have/has been in表示延续性动作，后面可以接时间。 have/has been to表示曾经去过某地，说话时已不在那个地方。 have/has gone to表示已经去了某地，说话时仍然在那个地方。 Unit 7 If 引导的条件状语句 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if。 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种（非真实条件句会在高中的虚拟语气中学习），其引导的真实条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 1) 如果 if 条件句讲述自然规律，肯定会发生的事情或客观事实，主句和if从句都用一般现在时态。（主现从现） Eg: If you take a fish out of water, it dies.如果把鱼从水中拿出，它会死。 2)  在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，谈论将来可能出现的情况时， 主句 一般将来时态 祈使句 + if从句（一般现在时态） 情态动词 （主现从现）If you put a piece of paper into water, it gets wet. 如果你把一张纸放进水中，它会变湿。 （主将从现）I’ll buy a car if I have enough money. 如果我有足够的钱， 我会买一辆车。 （主祈从现）Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。 (主情从现) If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly. 如果我早早地到那里， 我就可以快点看病。 【注意】 此处if引导的从句，还可由 when， as soon as(一…就…), （not）…until （直到…才），unless(除非)来引导。 Unit 8 情态动词 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 can，may，must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法： 1. can 的用法： （1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t .  她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 （2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.   你可以用我的字典。 （3）.表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。 2. could的用法： （1）can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10.  他十岁时就会写诗。 （2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 3. may的用法： （1）.表示请求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。  (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.  (3) .may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如：He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。  (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed！祝你成功！ 4. must的用法： (1).must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？ (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如：You mustn’t play with fire.  你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。 （3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t  或 don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗？—No, you needn’t.不，你不必。  (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 注意其反意问句的构成形式： 　当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分) 5. need的用法： （1）.need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need 提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 needn’t或don’t have to。 如：—Need I stay here any longer?  我还有必要留在这儿吗？—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不， 你不必。 (2).need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。 如果是物作主语，一般用need doing 与 need to be done这种情况下应注意两点： ①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要维修了。 6. dare 的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need，有两种词性： （1）dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗？I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me? 我可不敢问她，你能帮我问问吗？ （2）dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如：He doesn’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。 　　注意：在口语中，dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said? 你敢告诉她我说的话吗？I didn’t dare look at him.我不敢看他。 7. shall 的用法： shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？ 在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。 (1).用“Let's do...”来提出建议。如：Let's go for a walk after supper. (2).用“What/How about...?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us? (3).用“Why not...?”来提出建议，表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。“Why not...?”实际上是“Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day? (4).用“Would you like...?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要……吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?　Would you like to go and see her? 因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法： Shall we go for a swim?　 Let's go for a swim，shall we?　 What about/How about going swimming?　 Why not go for a swim?　 Would you like to go for a swim?　 What do you think of going for a swim? 8. should的用法： 1. 情态动词should 常用来表示劝告、建议或义务，意思是“应该”，可用于各种 人称，其语气比 must 及ought to委婉后接不带to的动词不定式。此外， should 还可表示合理的推论，意思是“应该；理应；一定 . . . . 吧”。例如：      1）You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .         你不应该匆忙作出这样的决定。      2）The party should be great fun .          那个集会一定很有意思。  2.“should + have + 过去分词”常表示如下意思：      1）表示义务并指过去的情况。意思是“本来应该 . . . . （却没有）；要是已经. . . . . 就 好了”，即指过去应该做某事而没有做，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：       (1) You are right . I should have thought of that .          你说得对，我应该想到这一点。      （2）They should not have left so soon .          他们不应当走得这么早。 2）表示预期。意思是“应该 . . . . 了；一定已经 . . . . 了”，指某个动作到现在应该发生了，只表示一种合理的推测或看法，不含责备的意思。如：     （1）The train should have already left .          火车大概已经开走了。     （2）They should have known the news.          他们一定知道这个消息了吧。 9.had better 的用法      1. had better 是固定词组，意思是“应该；最好”，后接不带 to 的不定式，其用法相当于情态动词，动词 had 没有人称或数的变化。had better 常用来提出建议，语气较强，往往含有强迫或命令的口气，故常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级或平辈之间。该短语指的是现在或将来的情况，而不是指过去。 had better的简略式为：'d better 。如：        1) You'd better go there by bus.            你最好是坐公共汽车去那里。        2) We had better start at once .            我们最好立刻出发。     2. had better的否定是had better not；疑问式是将 had 放在主语之前。如：        1) We'd better not tell him the news. 我门最好不要告诉他这个消息。        2）Hadn't we better go to the station to meet him ?             我门去车站去接他们不是更好一点吗？    3. 在反意疑问句中，疑问部分一般用“ had + 主语？”, 但有时也可用“ Will        you ?”, 表示一种请求或建议。如：       1）You'd better not go out today , had you ?今天你最好不要外出，好吗？       2）I must stay at home this afternoon. You had better come to my house , will you ?           我今天下午必须留在家里，你最好来我家，好吗？     4. 对长辈或上级说话时，应避免使用 had better 。比较礼貌的说法是 It may /        might be better for you to do sth .。如：        It might be better for you to take a taxi.          你最好是乘出租车去。 10. will 的用法： will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。 注意：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答: 1.对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may.  Yes, of course.　Yes, certainly. Sure .　 No, you mustn’t.  No, you can’t. 2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must.  No,… needn’t/ don’t have to. 3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称， 表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种： Yes, please.　All right.　No, thank you. 5. would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)　Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)　All right/ OK/ With pleasure.　Certainly. (No, thank you .)　Yes, please. 【情态动词易混点归纳】 易混点一: can和be able to: 两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中 要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to 常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时 就会说英语。We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。 易混点二：can’t 和 mustn’t 1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为： （1）不会。如：I can’t speak English . 我不会说英语。 （2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。 （3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.. 那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。 2. mustn’t 意为“ 禁止、不许”， 用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。 如：You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。　　 易混点三：must 和 have to 1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害， 我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。 2. have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。 Unit 1~Unit 8期末语法专题训练 一、单项选择 1．Tom likes DIY because he enjoys making ________. A．new something B．anything new C．something new D．new everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Tom喜欢DIY因为他喜欢制作一些新的东西。 考查形容词及不定代词用法。something一些事情，一般用于肯定句；anything一些事情，用于否定句或疑问句；everything每件事情。根据“Tom likes DIY because he enjoys making...”可知，他喜欢制作一些新的东西，不定代词需用something，形容词修饰不定代词时，放其后。故选C。 2．—What shall we do this weekend? —You can go swimming, hiking, or ________ else you enjoy doing. A．anything B．nobody C．everything D．somebody 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这周末我们应该做什么呢？——你们可以去游泳、远足或者（做）任何其他你们喜欢做的事。 考查代词辨析。anything任何事；nobody没有人；everything每件事；somebody某人。根据“You can go swimming, hiking, or...else you enjoy doing.”可知，本句表示提建议做某事，排除B、D；anything else意为“任何其他的事情”，在本句中表示除了去游泳、远足外任何其他的事情，排除C。故选A。 3．—Do you have ________ English storybooks? —No, I don’t. But I have ________ Chinese storybooks. A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你有一些英语故事书吗？ ——我没有。但是我有一些汉语故事书。 考查some和any辨析。some一些，常用于肯定句；any任何，常用于否定句和疑问句。分析题干，问句为一般疑问句，应用any修饰宾语“English storybooks”；答句为肯定句，应用some修饰宾语“Chinese storybooks”。故选D。 4．—Could you give me ________ juice? —Sorry, I don’t have ________. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能给我一些果汁吗？——对不起，我没有。 考查不定代词辨析。some一些；any一些，任何。some用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，juice“果汁”，不可数名词；any用于疑问句和否定句。故选A。 5．My mum wants to buy ________ rice because there isn’t ________ in the kitchen. A．any; some B．some; some C．any; any D．some; any 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈想买一些米饭，因为厨房里没有。 考查词义辨析。some一些，常用于肯定句；any任一，常用于否定句或疑问句中。根据“My mum wants to buy…rice”的语境可知，此处为肯定句，用some；根据第二个空前的“there isn’t”可知，此处为否定句，用any。故选D。 6．Since everyone ________ here, let’s begin our class. A．are B．is C．were D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：既然大家都在这里，让我们开始上课吧。 考查主谓一致和时态。复合不定代词“everyone”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，所以排除A和C选项；根据“let’s begin our class”可知，强调影响用现在完成时。故选D。 7．—Would you like _________ coffee? —Sure, I’d like to drink _________. It’s very cold outside. A．some; anything hot B．some; something hot C．any; anything hot D．any; something hot 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你想要一些咖啡吗？——当然，我想喝一些热的。外面太冷了。 考查不定代词。some一些，某些，某个（常用在肯定句中，用在疑问句中是希望得到对方的肯定回答）；any一些，任何（常用在否定句和疑问句中）；something某物（常用在肯定句中）；anything任何东西（常用在否定句和疑问句中）；hot热的。根据“Would you like...coffee?”可知，是希望得到对方的肯定回答，故空一用some；根据“Sure,...It’s very cold outside.”可知，顾客确实想要喝一些热的，此句是肯定句，且形容词修饰不定代词要后置，故空二填“something hot”。故选B。 8．—Did you see ________ at China National Tea Museum in Hangzhou? —Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there. A．something interesting B．everything interesting C．anything interesting D．nothing interesting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在杭州的中国国家茶叶博物馆看到什么有趣的东西了吗？——是的。我在那里看到了许多漂亮的茶具和各种各样的茶。 考查不定代词辨析。something某事，某物，常用于肯定句中；everything所有事物；anything任何事物，常用于否定句或疑问句中；nothing没有什么。根据“Did you see…at China National Tea Museum in Hangzhou?”可知，句子是疑问句，此处在询问有没有看到什么有趣的事物，用anything interesting。故选C。 9．— What would you like to drink, sir? —________ but coffee. I live on it every day. A．Anything B．Everything C．Something D．Nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——先生，您想喝点什么？——只要咖啡。我每天都靠它生活。 考查代词辨析。Anything任何事物；Everything任何事物；Something某物；Nothing没什么。根据“I live on it every day.”可知，此处说的是每天都喝咖啡，应该用nothing but，表示“只要”。故选D。 10．—Hey, Bill. ________ is waiting for you in the library. —It must be David. A．Everyone B．Someone C．Anyone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嘿，比尔。有人在图书馆等你。——一定是大卫。 考查代词辨析。Everyone每个人；Someone有人，某人；Anyone任何人。根据“It must be David.”可知，此处指有人在等比尔。故选B。 11．Sunday is ________ day of a week in some countries. A．the one B．one C．the first D．first 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在一些国家中，星期天是一周的第一天。 考查序数词。one一，基数词；first第一，序数词。根据“day of a week”可知，此处表示一周中的第一天，表示顺序应用序数词，序数词前面要用定冠词the。故选C。 12．People planted a tree here ten years ago. And now the tree is ________. A．three-meter-tall B．three-meters-tall C．three meter tall D．three meters tall 【答案】D 【详解】句意：十年前人们在这里种了一棵树，现在这棵树有3米高。 考查数词用法。three-meter-tall三米高，只能做定语，位于名词前；three-meters-tall表达错误；three meter tall表达错误；three meters tall三米高。根据“And now the tree is”可知，作表语时数词后跟名词复数形式，不用连字符。选D。 13．It’s dangerous to swim in the river, for it is ________ deep. A．10-metre B．10 metres C．10-metres D．10 metres’ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在这条河里游泳是危险的，因为它有10米深。 考查复合形容词和名词所有格。根据句意可知，此处表示“10米深”，表示长、宽、高、面积等，用“基数词+单位词（meter, foot, inch, kilogram等）+形容词（long, wide, high等）”。故选B。 14．In our class, ________ of the students ________ boys. A．three fifth; are B．three fifths; are C．three fifths; is D．three fifth; is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我们班五分之三的学生是男生。 考查分数表达和主谓一致。当分数中的分子大于1时，分母需要加s，因此排除A和D两项。主语students是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式are，因此排除C项。故选B。 15．—Please turn to Page ________ and look at the ________ picture. —OK. A．Twelfth; twelfth B．Twelve; twelve C．Twelfth; twelve D．Twelve; twelfth 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——请翻到第十二页，看第十二张图片。——好的。 考查数词。根据“Page”可知此处表示页码，用基数词Twelve；第二个空表示“第十二张图片”，表示顺序用序数词twelfth。故选D。 16．Our school has built a new building. There are _________ floors in this building and my classroom is on _________ floor. A．six; the fifth B．sixth; fifth C．six; fifth D．sixth; the fifth 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校建了一座新楼。这座大楼有六层，我的教室在第五层。 考查基数词与序数词。six六，基数词；sixth第六，序数词；fifth第五，序数词。第一个空后是floors是名词复数，表示数量，用基数词；第二空后的floor是单数，要用序数词表示顺序，前面要加定冠词the。故选A。 17．The great inventor had ________ inventions in his life. And the ________ one is the most important. A．hundred; five B．hundreds of; five C．hundreds of; fifth D．hundred; fifth 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位伟大的发明家一生中有数百项发明。第五项是最重要的。 考查数词。hundred百，前面要用具体数字不用复数，即数字+hundred+名词复数；hundreds of成百上千，表示笼统数字，即前面不能加具体数字；five五，fifth第五。根据“The great inventor had...inventions in his life.”可知前面没有具体数字，表示笼统数字，用hundreds of；根据“And the...one is the most important.”可知the后加序数词，用fifth。故选C。 18．There are _________ stars in the sky but we can only see about six _________ stars. A．a large amount of; thousand B．a large number of; thousand C．a large amount of; thousands D．a large number of; thousands 【答案】B 【详解】句意：天空中有很多星星，但我们只能看到大约6000颗星星。 考查词汇辨析。a large amount of大量的，修饰不可数名词；a large number of许多，修饰可数名词复数；thousand千，前面有具体数词时，thousand不能用复数形式。第一个空后面的stars是可数名词，故用a large number of。第二个空前面有具体的数字six，故用thousand。故选B。 19．Today ________ people across the world own mobile phones. A．million B．millions of C．three millions D．million of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天，全世界有数百万人拥有手机。 考查million的用法。million百万；millions of数百万；three millions和million of都是错误表达。当million前面有具体的数字修饰时，million用单数形式；当million前面没有具体的数字修饰，且与of连用时，million用复数形式。根据题干和选项可知，millions of符合语境。故选B。 20．The hole is ________. Be careful not to fall into it. A．two metres long B．two metres deep C．two-metre long D．two-metre deep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个洞有两米深。小心不要掉进去。 考查深度、高度等表达。根据“Be careful not to fall into it.”可知，此处表示深度用deep，排除A和C选项；英语中长度宽度等的表示方法为“基数词+单位词+形容词”，基数词超过1的，后单位词需要用复数形式，所以B选项正确；D选项三个单词之前都需要连字符，且只能放在名词前作定语。故选B。 21．Almost ________ of the students in our school ________ boys. A．three quarter, are B．three quarters, are C．three quarters, is D．third quarter, is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校几乎四分之三的学生是男生。 考查分数的表达以及主谓一致。分数的表达为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，四分之三的表达为three quarters。当分数修饰名词，be动词与of后的名词students保持一致，应用are，故选B。 22．________, Mr. Smith came to China. He was ________ then, I remember. A．In 1990s, in the thirties B．On the 1990s, in the thirty C．In the 1990s, in his thirties D．On 1990s, in his thirties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：20世纪90年代，史密斯先生来到中国。我记得他当时三十多岁。 考查数词的用法。第一空表示年代，用In the 1990s表示“在20世纪90年代”；第二空表示年龄，用“in one’s +数词复数”表示“在某人多少岁的时候”。故选C。 23．________ of the teachers in the school is 300. ________ of them are women teachers. A．The number, First fourth B．The number; One fourth C．A number, One second D．A number; Three quarters 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这所学校的教师人数是300人。其中四分之一是女教师。 考查the number of的用法以及分数表达。the number of……的数量；a number of大量的。根据“of the teachers in the school is 300”可知是教师的数量是300，用the number of，排除CD；表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数，表示四分之一为one fourth。故选B。 24．________ children had a good festival on the ________ Children’s Day. A．Millions of, sixty B．Ten million; sixty C．Millions of; sixtieth D．Ten millions; sixtieth 【答案】C 【详解】句意：数以百万计在第六十个儿童节上度过了一个愉快的节日。 考查大数表达和序数词。million“百万”，前面有具体数字时，不加s，也不加of；前面无数字，后面有of时，需要加s，所以排除D；sixty六十，基数词；sixtieth第六十，序数词。根据第二空前的定冠词the可知，此处是指第六十个儿童节，应用sixtieth。故选C。 25．—How was your trip to the park last Sunday? —It couldn’t be ________. We lost our way in the park and it kept raining all the day. A．nicer B．worst C．worse D．good 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你上星期天去公园玩得怎么样？——情况再糟糕不过了。我们在公园里迷路了，雨下了一整天。 考查形容词比较级的用法。nicer更好的；worst最差的；worse更差的；good好的。根据“We lost our way in the park and it kept raining all the day.”可知，应是比较糟糕的，couldn’t be worse表示“不能再糟糕了”，即不能比这种情况更糟糕了。故选C。 26．This is ________ phone in our shop. Nothing else is cheaper. A．cheaper B．the cheapest C．more expensive D．the most expensive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我们店里最便宜的手机。没有其他更便宜的。 考查最高级。cheaper更便宜的；the cheapest最便宜的；more expensive更贵的；the most expensive最贵的。根据“Nothing else is cheaper”可知是指这是我们店里最便宜的手机，需用最高级，故选B。 27．—Remember to put on warm clothes. It’s getting _________ these days. —I wish the weather in winter could be as _________ as that in spring. A．hotter; warm B．colder; warm C．hotter; warmer D．colder; warmer 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——记得穿上暖和的衣服。这几天越来越冷了。——我希望冬天的天气能像春天一样温暖。 考查形容词的比较级和原级。根据“Remember to put on warm clothes.”可知这几天变冷了，故用形容词的比较级colder；as+形容词/副词的原级+as意为“和……一样”。故选B。 28．Nanjing isn’t ________ large as Shanghai. But it’s the second ________ city in East China. A．as; largest B．like; largest C．as; larger D．like; large 【答案】A 【详解】句意：南京不像上海那么大。但它是中国东部第二大城市。 考查“not as...as...”结构及形容词最高级用法。as像，如同；like像。根据“Nanjing isn’t...large as Shanghai.”可知，此处为“not as+形容词原级+as...”结构进行同级比较，所以第一空填写as；根据“it’s the second...city in East China”可知，此处比较范围大于三者，“序数词+最高级+名词”表示“第几最……”，所以第二空填写形容词最高级。故选A。 29．—How careful you are, Helen! —We must. As we all know that ________ we do, ________ mistakes we will make. A．the more careful; the fewer B．the more carefully; the less C．the more careful; the less D．the more carefully; the fewer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——海伦，你真细心！——我们必须这样。我们都知道，越仔细，我们犯的错误就越少。 考查比较级。careful细心的，形容词；carefully细心地，副词；fewer更少的，修饰可数名词复数；less少的，修饰不可数名词。此处用“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”。第一空用副词比较级修饰动词do；第二空用fewer修饰可数名词复数mistakes。故选D。 30．Max spends ________ time than ________ reading English in his class. A．fewer; any students B．less; any student C．fewer; any other students D．less; any other student 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马克斯在班上读英语的时间比其他任何学生都少。 考查比较级。fewer更少的，修饰可数名词；less较少的，修饰不可数名词。time不可数名词，应用less修饰；马克斯是他的班级中的一员，用作句子的主语，比较对象应该与把他排除之外的其他人相比，any other student“任何其它学生”符合。故选D。 31．We felt proud (骄傲的) that China won more gold medals than ________ in Europe (欧洲) in the Paris Olympic Games in the summer of 2024. A．any other countries B．the other countries C．any country D．other countries 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们感到自豪的是，中国在2024年夏天的巴黎奥运会上获得的金牌比欧洲任何国家都多。 考查比较级的用法。any other countries任何别的国家；the other countries其他国家；any country任何国家；other country表达错误。中国和欧洲国家属于不同范围的比较，应用“比较级+than any+单数名词”结构，故选C。 32．—Andy! Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is ________ best film I have ever seen. —I can’t agree more. I have never seen ________ better one before. A．the; the B．/; the C．a; a D．the; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——安迪！《哈利波特与火焰杯》是我看过的最好的电影。—— 我非常同意。我从来没见过比这更好的电影。 考查冠词。第一空空格后best为最高级，前面要加定冠词the；第二空根据句意可知此处是用“否定词＋a+比较级”表示最高级含义。故选D。 33．If you compare Linda ________ Mary, you will find Mary is ________ of the two. A．to; the smarter B．with; smarter C．to; smarter D．with; the smarter 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你把琳达和玛丽比较一下，你会发现玛丽是二人中更聪明的那一个。 考查动词短语和形容词比较级。compare...to把……比作；compare...with把……与……相比，第一空是将二人进行比较，应用with。根据“Mary is...of the two”可知，此处特指两个人中更聪明的那一个。故选D。 34．The rabbit is ________ smaller than the pig, but it runs faster. A．more B．so C．much D．quite 【答案】C 【详解】句意：兔子比猪小得多，但它跑得快。 考查副词辨析。more更多；so如此；much很，非常；quite相当。根据“The rabbit is ... smaller than the pig, but it runs faster.”可知，兔子比猪小得多，修饰比较级应用much，其他选项语意不通。故选C。 35．Mary’s Clothes Store is one of ________ stores in town. A．the most cheaply B．the cheapest C．the most cheap D．the cheapliest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：玛丽服装店是镇上最便宜的商店之一。 考查形容词最高级的用法。由“is one of”可知，此空用形容词最高级，cheap最高级形式为：the cheapest最便宜的。故选B。 36．— Mary is one of ________ students in our class. — She is as ________ as her friends. A．friendlier; the friendliest B．friendly; friendliest C．friendliest; friendlier D．the friendliest; friendly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——玛丽是我们班最友好的学生之一。——她和她的朋友一样友好。 考查形容词原级和最高级。friendlier更友好的，形容词比较级； the friendliest最友好的，形容词最高级；friendly友好的，形容词原级。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……的……之一……”，第一空应用形容词最高级。as ... as和……一样，中间用形容词原级。故选D。 37．—Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ in China? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest cities; any other B．the biggest city; any other C．the biggest cities; the other D．the biggest city; the other 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道上海是中国最大的城市之一吗？——知道，它比中国其他任何城市都大。 考查形容词的比较级和最高级用法。根据“Shanghai is one of…in China”可知，第一空表示上海是中国最大的城市之一，可用“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。any other任何其他的；the other（两者中的）另一个；根据“it’s bigger than…city in China.”可知，第二空是说上海比其他任何城市更大，应用any other。故选A。 38．The Dongting Lake is ________ lake in China. A．second largest B．second large C．the second largest D．largest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：洞庭湖是中国第二大湖。 考查最高级。根据“...lake in China”可知是中国第二大湖，用结构“the+序数词+最高级”，表示“第几最……的”。故选C。 39．My grandmother ________ here for 10 years, so she knows well about her neighbourhood. A．lives B．has lived C．will live D．was living 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我祖母在这里住了10年，所以她很了解她所在的社区。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“for 10 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，空处所在句的主语为“My grandmother”，所以谓语用三单形式。故选B。 40．They ________ England and they will be back next week. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have gone in D．has been on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们去了英国，下周将回来。 考查现在完成时。have gone to已经去了某地(还没有回来)；have been to已经去过某地(现在人已经回来了)；have gone in此短语不存在；has been on是表示动作的持续性。根据“they will be back next week”可知，他们还没有回来，选项A符合题意。故选A。 41．Her son __________ the army for two months. She misses him very much. A．has joined B．has been in C．joined D．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她的儿子参军两个月了。她非常想念他。 考查现在完成时。has joined表示“已经加入”，强调动作的完成；has been in表示“已经在某地待了多长时间”，强调状态的持续；joined表示“加入”，是一般过去时；was表示“是”，是一般过去时。根据“the army for two months”可知，强调状态的持续，应用现在完成时，B选项符合，故选B。 42．Elizabeth ________ this book ________ she was a teenager. A．has bought; since B．bought; since C．has had; since D．has bought; from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：伊丽莎白从她是青少年起就有这本书。 考查现在完成时和时间状语从句。第一空根据“Elizabeth…this book”可知，此处是指拥有这本书很久了，应用现在完成时的延续性动词，选项AD“has bought”是瞬时性动词，不符合题意；B选项“bought”是一般过去时，不符合题意；C选项“has had”是延续性动词，符合题意；第二空根据“this book…she was a teenager.”可知，此处是自从她是青少年起，用since引导时间状语从句。故选C。 43．—________ Ann ever ________ online with you? —No, she hasn’t. A．Have; chated B．Has; chated C．Have; chatted D．Has; chatted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——安曾经和你网上聊天吗？——不，没有。 考查现在完成时态。根据“No, she hasn’t”可知，时态为现在完成时，由于主语是三单所以助动词用has，chat的过去分词是chatted。故选D。 44．—Have you ________ spoken to a foreign visitor? —No, not ________. A．ever; never B．yet; ever C．ever; yet D．yet; yet 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你和外国游客交谈过吗？——不，没有。 考查现在完成时。问句为现在完成时，表示曾经是否做过某事，用ever“曾经”；根据“No,  not”可知，是否定回答，yet表示“尚，还，仍”,用于否定句中。故选C。 45．Miss Li ________ in Shenyang since she ________ school. A．has worked, has left B．worked, left C．worked, has left D．has worked, left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李老师从学校毕业后就在沈阳工作。 考查时态。根据“Miss Li...in Shenyang since she...school”可知自从离开学校就在沈阳工作，主句用现在完成时have/has done；从句用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选D。 46．My life has changed a lot _________ five years ago. A．for B．since C．in D．of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自五年前以来，我的生活发生了很大变化。 考查介词。for后跟一段时间，用于现在完成时；since后跟时间点，用于现在完成时；in后跟时间段，用于一般将来时；of……的。“five years ago”是时间点，且该句为现在完成时，所以应用介词since，故选B。 47．We ________ our foreign teacher since he ________ to America. A．haven’t heard from; returned B．didn’t hear from; returned C．didn’t hear from; returns D．haven’t heard from; returns 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从我们的外教回国后我们没有收到他的消息。 考查动词时态。根据题干和选项，可知句意为“自从我们的外教回国后我们没有收到他的消息。”由句中的“since 自从”，可知主句时态用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+done，否定形式为haven’t/hasn’t+done，主语是we，用haven’t，hear from sb“收到某人的消息”，hear的过去分词是heard；主句时态为现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，所以第二个空用returned，故选A。 48．It is said that the number of forest Parks in Guangdong _______ to more than 1,000 so far. A．increase B．increased C．has increased D．will increase 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说到目前为止广东森林公园的数量已经增加到1000个以上。 考查现在完成时。根据“so far”可知，此句的时态是现在完成时，而主语“the number of forest Parks”是第三人称单数，因此“has increased”符合句意。故选C。 49．Ben sings _________ but he draws _________ than his brother. A．bad; worse B．bad; better C．badly; worse D．badly; better 【答案】D 【详解】句意：本唱得不好，但他画得比他哥哥好。 考查副词以及比较级。bad差的，形容词；badly差地，副词；worse更差；better更好。第一空修饰动词sing，应填副词badly。but前半句说唱得不好，but表示转折，后面应说画得更好，故选D。 50．—Have you ever _________ any other country before? —Yes. I _________ Australia last year. I’ve stayed there for two weeks. A．been to; gone to B．been to; went to C．gone to; been to D．gone to; went to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你以前去过其他国家吗？ ——对。我去年去了澳大利亚。我在那里待了两个星期。 考查动词时态。has gone to意为“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场；has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，说话人已经回来了；went to去过，一般过去。根据“Have you ever”可知第一空询问是否曾去过其他国家，应用have been to结构，排除C和D；根据“last year”可知第二空用一般过去时，排除选项C，故选B。 51．—When _________ your dad _________ this car? —In 2013. He _________ this car for ten years. He loves it very much. A．has; bought; has had B．has; bought; has bought C．did; buy; has bought D．did; buy; has had 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你爸爸什么时候买的这辆车？——在2013年。他已经拥有它十年的时间了。他非常喜欢它。 考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法。根据“In 2013”可知，问句问的是什么时候买的车，用一般过去时。第二空根据“for ten years”可知，应用延续性动词has had。故选D。 52．My parents have worked in Guangzhou ________ November 2016. I have studied in Guangzhou ________ several years. A．since; for B．for; since C．since; since D．for; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父母从2016年11月起就在广州工作，我在广州学习好多年了。 考查介词。since自从……以来，后面接时间点，常与现在完成时连用；for长达……，后面接时间段。第一个空后面November 2016是一个时间点，用since，第二个空后面several years是一个时间段，用for。故选A。 53．—What do you think of the exam? —It is not as _________ as before. I think I need to study harder. A．easy B．easily C．easier D．the easiest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得这次考试怎么样？——它不像以前那么容易。我想我需要更加努力地学习。 考查形容词原级。easy容易的；easily容易地；easier更容易的；the easiest最容易的。空处位于is后应用形容词作表语，not as...as“不如……”，中间加形容词原级，故选A。 54．Every year, we give away ________ books to the children in the countryside.We gave away ________ books to them last month. A．thousands of; seven hundred B．thousand of ; seven hundred C．thousands of; seven hundreds D．thousand of; seven hundreds 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年，我们给农村的孩子们送去成千上万本书。上个月我们向他们赠送了700本书。 考查大数表达法。thousand千；hundred百。它们与of连用表示泛指时，需要加复数词尾-s，thousands of“数千的”；与数字连用表示具体数量时，通常不加复数词尾-s。故选A。 55．—Have you ________ been to the Canton Tower? —No, I have ________ been there before. I hope I can visit it soon. A．ever; yet B．ever; never C．already; never D．yet; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你去过广州塔吗？——不，我从来没去过那里。我希望不久后我能去参观它。 考查副词辨析。ever“曾经”；never“从不”；already“已经”；yet“仍然”。根据否定回答可知，从未去过广州塔，have never been to“从未去过”。故选B。 56．Li Ming ________ the book for many years since he ________ it as a prize in the competition. A．kept; got B．has kept; has got C．has kept; get D．has kept; got 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从李明在比赛中得到这本书作为奖品以来，他已经保存了它很多年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for many years”可知，第一空应用现在完成时，结构为has/have done，keep的过去分词为kept；根据“since he...it as a prize in the competition.”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，用一般过去时态，get的过去式为got。故选D。 57．I really need ________ to help me carry the heavy box, but I can't find ________ here. A．somebody; nobody B．somebody; anybody C．anybody; somebody D．nobody; anybody 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我真的需要某人帮我搬那个重箱子，但是我在这里找不到任何人。 考查复合不定代词。somebody某人，用于肯定句；anybody任何人，用于否定句或疑问句；nobody没有人。根据“I really need... to help me carry the heavy box”是肯定句，可知是需要某人帮助，用somebody；根据“but I can’t find ...here.”是否定句，可知是没有任何人帮忙，用anybody。故选B。 58．I’m sure that you will succeed one day ________ you don’t give up easily. A．unless B．or C．but D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我相信如果你不轻易放弃，总有一天你会成功的。 考查连词辨析。unless除非，如果不；or否则；but但是；if如果。“you don’t give up easily”是“you will succeed one day”的条件，应用if“如果”引导条件状语从句。故选D。 59．My grandpa is nearly ________ years old.We will celebrate his ________ birthday next month. A．seventy; seventy B．seventy; seventieth C．seventieth; seventy D．seventieth; seventieth 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的外公近乎70岁。我们下个月将会为他庆祝他70岁生日。 本题数词的用法。seventy七十，基数词；seventieth第七十，序数词。表达年龄应用基数词seventy；第70个生日应用序数词seventieth。故选B。 60．You had better ________ football near the street. It’s very dangerous. A．not to play B．don’t play C．not play D．to not play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你最好不要在街道附近踢足球。这很危险。 考查had better的用法。had better not do sth.“最好不要做某事”，因此用动词原形play，其前加not。故选C。 61．In winter, the weather in Guangzhou is ________ that in Northern areas. A．very warm than B．much warmer than C．more warmer than D．even warm as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在冬天，广州的天气比北方地区的天气暖和得多。 考查形容词比较级。根据“the weather in Guangzhou is...that in Northern areas”并结合选项可知，此处是冬天广州的天气跟北方地区的天气相比较，排除A和D；warm的比较级形式为warmer，不能使用more修饰。故选B。 62．—Tomorrow is my ________ birthday. Would you like to come to my birthday party? —Sure. I’d like to. A．twelve B．twelveth C．twelfth D．the twelfth 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——明天是我十二岁生日。你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗？——当然。我愿意。 考查序数词。根据“Tomorrow is my...birthday.”可知，此处要用序数词作定语，twelfth“第十二”，前面有物主代词my，不需要再加定冠词the。故选C。 63．You ________ marks in the exam if you don’t improve your hand-writing. A．lose B．lost C．will lose D．have lost 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你不改善你的书写，你就会在考试中失分。 考查条件状语从句的主将从现。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则 ，从句使用一般现在时，主句则使用一般将来时，其谓语结构为：will+动词原形。故选C。 64．You _________ do more exercise _________ you want to be stronger. A．had better; if B．had better; unless C．had better not; if D．had better not; unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你想变得更强壮，你最好多做运动。 考查had better和连词if的用法。had better do sth最好做某事；had better not do sth最好不做某事；if如果；unless除非。根据“You...do more exercise...you want to be stronger.”可知，如果你想变得更强壮，你最好多做运动。故选A。 65．Linda and Lucy ________ many places of interest in Guangzhou since 5 years ago. A．visited B．will visit C．has visited D．have visited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：琳达和露西从5年前开始参观了广州的许多名胜古迹。 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“since 5 years ago”可知，“since+时间点”为现在完成时的标志，其结构应为：have/has+过去分词，故排除A和B；由于主语Linda and Lucy为复数，故后面的助动词用have。故选D。 66．It made me ________ in language learning when I was young. A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．interestingly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这使我年轻时对语言学习感兴趣。 考查make后接形容词的用法以及形容词词义辨析。interest兴趣（名词）；interested感兴趣的（形容词）；interesting有趣的（形容词）；interestingly有趣的是（副词）。make sb.+形容词表示“使某人……”，interested通常用于修饰人，interesting通常用于修饰事物，结合题干可知，被修饰的是me，指人，所以用interested。 故选B。 67．If you wish to invite ________ people to visit you, you must ask your host for permission first. A．other B．others C．another D．the other 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你希望邀请他人来拜访你，你必须首先征得主人的允许。 考查代词用法。other“其他的，别的”，形容词；others“其他的，别的”，不定代词，泛指另外的人或事物中的一部分；another“另一个的，其他的”，修饰名词单数，泛指另外的人或事物中的某一个；the other“另外的，另外一个的”，特指两者中的另一个或另一些。根据语境可知，空格处修饰名词people，people是集合名词，意为“人，人们”，此处泛指其他的人，因此用other作定语。 故选A。 68．Lily is a helpful girl. She gives me ________ advice as she can whenever I am in trouble. A．as many B．as more C．as most D．as much 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Lily是一个乐于助人的女孩。无论何时我处于困难中，她都会给予我尽可能多的建议。 考查as...as的用法和不可数名词的修饰词。as....as中用形容词或副词的原级；advice“建议”，是不可数名词，用much来修饰。 故选D。 69．If our government ________ attention to controlling food safety now, our health ________ in danger. A．won’t pay; is B．doesn’t pay; is C．won’t pay; will be D．doesn’t pay; will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果我们的政府现在不注意控制食品安全，我们的健康将处于危险之中。 考查时态。分析题目可知，此处是由if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，将来时结构为will do。故选D。 70．—I failed again! I feel very upset. —Don’t lose heart. If you ________ going, you will make it finally! A．keep B．kept C．will keep D．are keeping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我又失败了！我感到很沮丧。——别灰心。如果你坚持下去，你最终会成功的！ 考查时态。keep原形；kept过去式；will keep一般将来时；are keeping现在进行时。根据“If you …going, you will make it finally!”可知本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句应用一般现在时。故选A。 71．—We will certainly go to a good high school ________ we work hard. —Yes. Our dream will come true by working hard. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as far as D．even if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——只要我们努力学习，我们就一定会进入一所好高中。——是的，我们的梦想将通过努力实现。 考查连词用法。as soon as 一……就……，引导时间状语从句；as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as far as 和……一样远；even if 即使，引导让步状语从句。根据空前后关系可知，努力学习是进入好中学的条件，故选B。 72．I wonder if Sally ________ to my party next Sunday. If she ________ to my party, I’ll be very happy. A．goes, goes B．will go, will go C．goes, will go D．will go, goes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我想知道萨莉下星期天是否会去参加我的聚会。如果她去参加我的聚会，我会很高兴的。 考查时态。第一个句子是if引导的宾语从句，根据“next Sunday”可知从句用一般将来时will do；第二个句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，从句用一般现在时，主语是she，谓语动词用单三。故选D。 73．Our country will be much better for everyone ________ we all do something to help now. A．if B．before C．so that D．even though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我们现在都做一些事情来提供帮助，对于每个人来说我们的国家将变得更好。 考查连词。if如果；before在……前；so that为了；even though即使。横线后是条件状语从句，所以是if。故选A。 74．Jenny will do her homework as soon as she ________ back home. A．was coming B．will come C．came D．comes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：珍妮一回家就会做作业。 考查一般现在时。分析句子可知，句子是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句应该用一般现在时，主语是she，谓语动词用单数第三人称。故选D。 75．—Whose schoolbag is this? —It ________ be Peter’s, but I’m not sure. A．need B．can C．must D．might 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这是谁的书包？——这可能是彼得的，但我不确定。 考查情态动词辨析。need需要；can能；must一定；might可能。根据“but I’m not sure”并结合选项可知，此处指没有把握的推测，might符合。故选D。 76．I think I ________ be a singer when I grow up. But I’m not sure. A．need B．might C．should D．must 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想我长大后可能会当一名歌手。但我不确定。 考查情态动词。need需要；might可能；should应该；must必须。根据“But I’m not sure.”可知，此处应用might表示没有把握的推测。故选B。 77．— Must I take my swimming suit? — No, you_________. We will just go hiking in the mountain. A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我必须带我的泳装吗？——不，你不必。我们只是在山里徒步旅行。 考查情态动词用法。mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能；needn’t不必；can’t不能。must打头的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to，故选C。 78．— May I watch movies on the Internet, mom? — I’m afraid you ________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以在网上看电影吗？——恐怕你不能。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。问句中的may表示请求，根据答语“ I’m afraid you”可知，恐怕不能看电影，故选A。 79．—Can we play games here? —Better not. If you ________, please go to the open space there. A．can B．must C．may D．will 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们可以在这里玩游戏吗？——最好不要。如果你一定要玩，请去那里的空地。 考查情态动词。can可以；must一定；may可能；will将。根据“please go to the open space there.”可知此处是指如果一定要玩，到那边的空地去，must“一定要”符合语境。故选B。 80．—Where are you going on a school trip this term, Simon? —I’m not sure. We ________ visit Qixia Hill. Autumn is the best time to go there. A．must B．will C．should D．may 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——西蒙，这学期你们学校旅行去哪里？——我不确定。我们可能参观栖霞山。秋天是去那里的最佳时间。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；will将会；should应该；may可能。根据“I’m not sure.”可知，西蒙对学校旅行的目的地不是很确定，用may表示可能性不大的推测。故选D。 81．—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. —I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——有些人在一开始并没有展示出他们的才能。——我同意。甚至爱因斯坦直到7岁才会阅读。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t不行，不可以；couldn’t不能，表示过去的能力；needn’t不需要。根据“Even Einstein…read until he was seven.”可知，此处是指爱因斯坦7岁以前都不会阅读，表示过去的能力，用couldn’t。故选C。 82．It is snowing heavily. For your safety, you __________ take the underground instead of riding bicycles to school. A．had better not B．needn’t C．had better D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：雪下得很大。为了你的安全，你最好坐地铁去学校而不是骑自行车。 考查情态动词。had better not最好不；needn’t不必；had better最好；need需要。根据“It is snowing heavily. For your safety,”可知下雪最好坐地铁，骑车危险些，因此此处是劝说，用had better。故选C。 83．When you are in the school library, you ________ speak loudly. A．had better B．ought to not C．should D．ought not to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当你在学校图书馆时，你不应该大声说话。 考查情态动词辨析。had better最好；ought to not错误表达；should应该；ought not to不应该。根据“in the school library”可知，在图书馆不应该大声说话。故选D。 84．The editors ________ decide the title of the newspaper as soon as possible. A．could B．might C．may D．ought to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：编辑们应该尽快决定报纸的标题。 考查情态动词辨析。could能；might可能；may可以；ought to应该。根据 “...decide the title of the newspaper as soon as possible.”可知应是建议尽快做决定，故选D。 85．—Mom, ________ I hang out with my friends? —Sure, but you ________ get home before 9:00 p.m. A．can; might B．can; have to C．must; have to D．must; might 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能和朋友们出去闲逛吗？——当然，但你必须晚上九点前到家。 考查情态动词。can可以；might可以；have to必须，不得不；must必须。根据“Sure”可知问句请求允许，用情态动词can；再由“get home before 9:00 p.m.”可知必须晚上九点前到家，第二空用have to。故选B。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．—What’s up, Sandy? —Look! What a mess! Somebody (break) that window. 【答案】has broken 【详解】句意：——怎么了，Sandy？——看！多么混乱！有人打破了那扇窗户。break“打碎”，根据“What a mess!”可知，此处表达造成的影响，空处应用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语somebody为不定代词，谓语动词用单数has，break“打破”的过去分词为broken。故填has broken。 2．She has her old car and bought a new one. (sell) 【答案】sold 【详解】句意：她卖掉了旧车，买了一辆新车。根据“has”可知，空处用过去分词sold与其构成现在完成时。故填sold。 3．The little girl (read) many books since she was five years old. 【答案】has read 【详解】句意：这个小女孩从五岁起就读了很多书。根据“since she was five years old”和提示词汇可知，“since+句子”常用于现在完成时，主语The little girl为单数，谓语用“has+过去分词”的结构，read为动词过去分词。故填has read。 4．We are tired out now because we (ride) the bike for such a long time. 【答案】have ridden 【详解】句意：我们现在精疲力尽，因为我们骑了这么长时间的自行车。根据“for such a long time”可知用现在完成时have/has done，主语是we，助动词用have，动词ride“骑，乘”过去分词为ridden，故填have ridden。 5．Mr Wang (teach) in this school for twenty years. 【答案】has taught 【详解】句意：王先生已经在这所学校教了二十年书了。根据“for twenty years”可知此处用现在完成时，主语是Mr Wang，结构是has+done，teach的过去分词是taught。故填has taught。 6．Our English teacher will go to Britain for (far) study next month. 【答案】further 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师下个月会去英国进行深造。study为名词，其前应用形容词修饰，结合“go to Britain”可知去英国深造，应是形容词far的比较级further，表示“进一步的”。故填further。 7．The traffic is much (bad) after five o’ clock in big cities. 【答案】worse 【详解】句意：大城市五点以后交通就更糟糕了。much修饰比较级，bad的比较级是worse，故填worse。 8．This is one of (exciting) films of this year. 【答案】the most exciting 【详解】句意：这是今年最令人兴奋的电影之一。根据句型结构“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”，空处应填形容词最高级形式，exciting“令人兴奋的”的最高级为the most exciting，故填the most exciting。 9．In the competition, Linda came first as she made the (few) mistakes. 【答案】fewest 【详解】句意：在比赛中，琳达获得了第一名，因为她犯的错误最少。根据“In the competition, Linda came first”可知，这是三者以上的比较，空格处需要填入形容词的最高级形式来表示“最少的”，few的最高级是fewest。故填fewest。 10．Dumpling House is one of (cheap) restaurant in the city. 【答案】the cheapest 【详解】句意：饺子屋是这个城市中最便宜的餐馆之一。根据“one of…in the city”结构，表示在某个范围内最……之一，需用形容词的最高级形式；cheap的最高级是cheapest，前加定冠词the，故填the cheapest。 11．Can machine be as (intelligence) as human beings? 【答案】intelligent 【详解】句意：机器能像人类一样聪明吗？根据“as...as”可知，此处考查形容词的同级比较，应用名词intelligence“智能”的形容词intelligent“聪明的”。故填intelligent。 12．I (not see) my English-speaking friends for a long time. I miss them. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：我好久没有见到我的那些说英语的朋友了。我想念他们。根据“for a long time”和提示词可知，句子使用现在完成时，用have/has+过去分词的结构。因主语为I且提示词有not，故用haven’t。故填haven’t seen。 13．—Have you (hear) that Wang Qiang won a game yesterday? —Yes, it’s a piece of good news. 【答案】heard 【详解】句意：——你听说王强昨天赢了一场比赛吗？——是的，这是一个好消息。根据空前的“Have”可知，此处用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。故填heard。 14．Recently, an increasing number of people (fall) in love with Hanfu. 【答案】have fallen 【详解】句意：最近，越来越多的人爱上了汉服。根据“Recently”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，主语是“an increasing number of people”，助动词用have，fall的过去分词为fallen。故填have fallen。 15．Yeah! Our team has (win) the basketball match! 【答案】won 【详解】句意：是啊！我们队赢得了篮球比赛！win“赢”，根据has可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为has+动词过去分词，win的过去分词为won。故填won。 三、语法填空 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 Recently, Lei Jun 1 (become) even more popular on the Internet because of SU7, which is a new kind of electric car. Lei 2 (be) born in a common family in December, 1969 in Hubei. He is a famous Chinese entrepreneur (企业家). He is the cofounder and CEO of Xiaomi which is a global technology giant. With a deep understanding of consumer needs, Lei has turned Xiaomi into one of the most 3 (value) brands in the technology industry. In 2010, he cofounded Xiaomi and managed 4 (create) high-quality, affordable technology products for the consumers. Many mi fans can get better enjoyment at a 5 (low) price. Then, Xiaomi 6 (quick) gained popularity and market share in China. Lei’s leadership style is 7 (know) for its teamwork. He believes that a company’s success not only depends on its products but also lies in its culture and values. Outside of Xiaomi, Lei is also active in charity and has supported a large number of social causes, 8 (include) education and environmental protection. On November 29th, 2023, Lei donated 1.3 billion yuan to his former school—Wuhan University. Lei Jun said that without his former school, there wouldn’t be his 9 (achieve) today. The youth can learn a lot from 10 (he). His personal journey and experience will continue to inspire countless people. 【答案】 1．has become 2．was 3．valuable 4．to create 5．lower 6．quickly 7．known 8．including 9．achievement 10．him 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了雷军的经历。 1．句意：最近，雷军在网上更受欢迎了，因为SU7，这是一款新型电动汽车。由时间状语recently可知，此处应用现在完成时have done，主语是三单，助动词用has，become的过去分词是become。故填has become。 2．句意：1969年12月，雷出生在湖北一个普通家庭。由1969可知，动作发生在过去用一般过去时，主语是三单，be动词用was。故填was。 3．句意：凭借对消费者需求的深刻理解，雷军将小米打造成了科技行业最有价值的品牌之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应用value的形容词形式valuable。故填valuable。 4．句意：2010年，他与人共同创立了小米，设法为消费者创造了高质量、价格合理的科技产品。manage to do“设法做成某事”，此处应用不定式。故填to create。 5．句意：许多米粉可以以更低的价格获得更好的体验。根据“get better enjoyment at a ... price”可知，此处是以价格更低获得更好的体验，应用比较级。故填lower。 6．句意：然后，小米迅速在中国获得了知名度和市场份额。此处应用副词修饰动词gained，quick的副词是quickly。故填quickly。 7．句意：雷的领导风格以团队合作著称。be known for“因……而闻名”。故填known。 8．句意：在小米之外，雷军还积极参与慈善事业，支持了大量的社会事业，包括教育和环境保护。句中已有谓语动词， 此处应是非谓语形式，social causes与include之间的主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动含义。故填including。 9．句意：雷军说，没有他以前的学校，就不会有他今天的成就。his后加名词，achieve的名词是achievement。故填achievement。 10．句意：年轻人可以从他身上学到很多东西。from后用人称代词宾格。故填him。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$