专题04 阅读理解七选五20篇【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

专题04 阅读理解七选五20篇(考题猜想) 译林牛津选择必修第一册Unit3-4，选择必修第二册, 选择必修第三册Unit 1-2 话题1：美术与摄影 A (24-25高二上·江西景德镇·期中)There’s an art to arranging pictures on a wall. 1 . Are you trying to be surprising with your picture placement? Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork? Once you’ve identified the goal, let the following general principles guide you. Get the height right Conventional wisdom says art should be hung at eye level. But “eye level” means different things to different people. So a basic rule is to hang pieces so that their centers are 56 to 60 inches above the floor. And if the art is going over furniture, aim to hang it 8 to 10 inches from the top of the sofa or whatever piece is beneath it. Whatever height you choose, keep in mind: from a psychological perspective, if it’s a scene from nature, for example, 2 . Take care when grouping pieces When grouping art pieces to create a gallery wall, give priority to the thing that is most special. 3 , ensuring there is a visually equal distance between one another. A good rule is to aim for two inches apart with smaller items, and at most six inches apart with larger works. In this case, it brings people a harmonious visual effect. 4 When arranging artwork in a group, look for one or two elements(元素) that repeat between the pieces, whether it’s a similar color, or a particular style of frame(框架). When they all share this common characteristic, the brain says, “Oh, this was meant to be,”—it becomes easier to process what you’ re looking at. Create balance and symmetry(对称) Research shows that humans prefer symmetry. A 2018 study from the University of Vienna found that both art history and psychology students at the university level prefer symmetrical patterns with art over asymmetrical ones; In other experiments, researchers in Rome found that visual symmetry even leads to positive mood changes in viewers. Make a proper arrangement Before you commit to the arrangement you have in mind by hammering(捶打) holes into a wall, lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look. Consider this a rehearsal(彩排) for your personal art show. 5 . A. Locate a consistent link. B. Ensure two important repeated elements. C. Be mindful of the space between the frames. D. it’s most relaxing if it seems like we can step into it. E. Once you’ve got the correct layout, hammer the nails. F. it should be hung as high as possible to be more dramatic. G. The first step is to think about what you’ re trying to achieve. B Capturing photos of individuals can be an opportunity to show their personality, convey information and tell a story. I’m a photographer and have taken photos of musicians, athletes, politicians, actors and many others. Here are some tips to keep in mind as you take photos of people. Be decisive while making room for collaboration (合作) Having your photo taken can be troublesome. To ease your subjects’ anxiety, you should be confident, calm and decisive. 6 , including how many shots you have planned, and showing them the different locations and styling choices. If you have time, get their feedback about a proposed shot. During the shoot, check in and see if there are changes that will make the subjects more comfortable. 7 , be decisive and prioritize getting the job done. Prioritize needs and wants For me, the order of priority is my clients’ needs, my investments and then the subjects’ requests. 8 . But with the restrictions of practical circumstances, follow your own order of priority. 9 With any lighting situation, test the light by having your subjects turn in a circle so you can see how light changes on their faces. 10 . If you fall in love with a shot, but the subject says, “I just shot there last week, so I don’t want to do that,” you have to adjust quickly. Something unexpected can happen, so you must be prepared to take action. A. Respect your subjects B. Given a time restriction C. In an ideal world, everyone can be satisfied D. Make preparations and adjustments in photography E. If you have enough time to shoot in the right location F. You can lead the shoot by walking them through the process G. It’s important to have a plan in case your initial choice can’t work out 话题2：诗歌2篇 A How to become a successful poet Poems are little machines made of words. lf you want to make them go, it'll take some work. However, by learning as much as you can about the poetry written today and by writing constantly and actively, 1 . Study poetry from every era. If you don't know Keats or Kerouac, you're not going to be a successful poet. 2 from the Romantic era to the Beats, as well as contemporary poetry being written by people who are still alive. 3 A successful poet is one who is constantly engaged with poetry, reading, writing, and revising their work. Successful poets don't wait until “inspiration” strikes to write apoem, and they get to work at their desk, computer, or journal, treating the writing of a poem as the work that it is. Keep a poetry image journal. Carry it everywhere you go, 4 . You don't have to write a full poem every time you sit down to write, as many successful poets build their poems likes culptures (雕塑). Share your work with good poets and accept criticism gracefully. Some people will like your poetry, others won't. 5 , but continue writing and revising your work constantly. Learn everything you can from people who know more than you. A. Write by yourself B. Write constantly. C. you can become a successful poet D. Don't dwell on what the haters say E. figure out how you're going to make money F. Try to learn about the different periods and movements in poetry G. so that if you come up with a poem or idea, you can write it down B I learned my first poem written by John Donne at school and I still remember the whole thing today. It’s just one of many poems I’ve stored in my memory, ready to recite(背诵) and enjoy whenever I please. It seems that poetry learning has gone out of fashion, but I’m still a fan because it doesn’t just breed a lifelong love of poetry. 6 So why not dig out a poem you love and use it to exercise your recall? Step 1. Know that poems are designed to stick in your mind. 7 See how they leave you with memory-arousing images, how they surprise you by breaking the rules, and how they control your senses and emotions. These are all great ways to make information more memorable. Step 2. 8 When you’re learning a poem, try linking the last word of one line to the first word of the next. In my John Donne’s poem, one line ends with “see”, and the next starts with “which”, so I pictured a “sea witch”. Making links like these can also help with learning names, and many other kinds of information. Step 3. Put in a performance. When you’re practising a poem, read it aloud, as dramatically and emotionally as you can. 9 Step 4. Enjoy yourself. Learning poems gives your memory a workout, which improves your mood and gets you into good learning habits. Have fun putting rhymes into your shopping list, using rhythm to learn names, or “performing” revision notes before an exam. 10 And, in the process, you’ll be making your memory stronger for everything. A. Learn through links since memory relies on connections. B. It also boosts confidence and develops lasting memory skills. C. So identify the tricks poets use — rhythm, rhyme and repetition. D. Thus, short poems are good options because they are easily memorized. E. Follow these steps to appreciate poems and enjoy them wherever you are. F. Memory experts believe poetry learning can even cultivate an interest in study. G. Adding gestures and moving around the room can also strengthen your learning. 话题3：大众媒体2篇 A Certain brands and products can be easily recognized at a glance by people worldwide. 1 Just mentioning the words golden arches(拱门) brings to mind burgers and fries from McDonald’s. With such universal popularity, many people are confused as to why these large and famous companies do so much advertising and have such large advertising budgets. 2 Most business owners who are just starting to understand how vital advertising is to their growth. Putting in the time and money to market your company can help it grow over time. 3 Continuing to advertise after achieving success helps businesses maintain a positive image with the public. It can also help attract new customers as demographics(客户群体) change as time passes. Furthermore, advertising helps to inform your customers of updates to old products and introduce new ones. However, the ultimate goal of advertising for both big and small companies is to earn more income and maximize profits. 4 Is it better to stick to traditional forms of media, like newspapers and television, or embrace(接纳) new forms of online advertising on social media sites? While many new smaller companies tend to focus their limited budgets on social media and internet marketing, it is usually better for larger, well-established companies to do both. For example, over 95% of homes receive television signals, while only around 75% of the population has access to the internet. 5 Also, older, wealthier people are more likely to notice television advertising than online advertising. While the focus of advertising might change over time, companies must certainly continue to use it to grow. A. Is advertising necessary? B. After all, shouldn’t their global success speak for itself? C. This same principle holds true for older successful brands. D. Therefore, television advertising gives companies access to more people. E. Another major question companies must find the answer to is how to advertise. F. The money invested in these advertisements could be used for more worthwhile businesses. G. Almost everyone is familiar with the red labeling of Coca-Cola or the symbolic flower logo of Huawei. B Short-form videos, also known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels. 6 However, there’s a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children’s brains. The phenomenon known as “TikTok Brain” arises from the app’s short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine(多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain’s pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains. 7 They stimulated the brain’s reward centers more intensely than random videos. Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users. 8 According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex(前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility. 9 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts. In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children’s attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks. 10 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle. A. Some even do not include text at all. B. TikTok’s feed is created addictive by design. C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25. D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts. E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected. F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users. G. They’re brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive. 话题4：运动文化3篇 A (24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习) Lessons that are Learned from the Olympics The Olympic Games are enjoyed by everyone. Here are some tips about how to bring the deeper meaning of the Olympics into your life. ◆Excellence comes with hard work and practice. Learning about the training schedules of Olympic athletes reminds us that success doesn’t come easily. Repetition is the servant(仆人) of success. Set long-term goals as well as realistic ones. 1 And remember the most important competitor you have is actually you. ◆ 2 There are hundreds of events at the Olympics, each standing for a specific activity that athletes have chosen to follow. You can recognize the creativity and excitement and form strong feelings about it, which will help you to achieve your dreams. ◆Expect to fail sometimes. Every athlete who has made it into Olympic competition has suffered injury and disappointment along the way, but that has not been the end of their dream. 3 You can treat your setbacks(挫折) as a teaching tool. ◆Enjoy your success. Observe the Olympic athletes when they stand on the winners’ platform with their medals, listening to their national anthems(国歌). Their pride is obvious. Enjoy the feelings of power that come from your achievement. 4 ◆Enjoy other cultures. With its symbol of the five-ring Olympic flag, the Olympics celebrate the unity of the games while honoring individual nationality. 5 A. You deserve it. B. Have confidence in yourselves. C. Work hard for your personal best. D. Find your strong feelings and develop it. E. Enough practice will make you successful. F. Athletes show respect to those from other countries. G. They know that they can learn more from failure than success. B Why do we say “it’s not the winning but the taking part that counts”? The founder of the modern Olympic Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, once said “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part.” Most people seem to agree that trying and failing is more admirable than not trying at all. 6 In young children’s sporting events, the last place is often rewarded with a “wooden spoon”. 7 Perhaps “taking part” is just a myth(不真实的事) designed to cheer up the slowest children: to take the edge off failure. 8 They say that effort and trying hard to reach a goal are commendable(值得赞扬的) in themselves. Winning athletes are those who combine this good behaviour with natural talent. 9 De Coubertin himself coined the motto(格言) “Citius, Altius, Fortius” — “faster, higher, stronger” — for his Games. It is an ambiguous(模棱两可的) motto and one that could be taken to include trying hard to beat one’s personal best as well as going for gold. Competition is not unacceptable. It is reasonable that winners be rewarded, even if their victories sometimes are a matter of chance. 10 And games are important to humanity. Celebrating achievement is also not in itself unacceptable but it can drive some competitors to unacceptable behaviour. A. Many people would say otherwise. B. Competition is the essence of a game. C. There are other goals to work for apart from a medal. D. Grown-up athletes don’t even have this to look forward to. E. It is commonly accepted that through sport one learns to persevere. F. In practice, though, most people seem only to be interested in the medal lists. G. The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world. C Youth sports are going to teach young players a lot more than how to shoot a basketball or run faster. 11 These sportsmanship values are just as important as the development of athletic skills. Thus, coaches must drill positive values into children with strict athletic training. There are several important pieces of advice that should be kept in mind in coaching. Promote integrity(诚实正直) When it comes to young athletes, promoting integrity should remain at the forefront of every athletic competition. 12 . Never encourage athletes to perform morally or legally questionable actions during gameplay. Encourage teamwork One of the most important aspects of sports is the development of teamwork. One way is to encourage players to help their teammates who might be struggling or to work with kids who might be left out. Also, mistakes will present themselves as good opportunities for coaches to help build teamwork. But remember not to embarrass players by calling them out individually. 13 14 Sometimes players need to be singled out for poor displays of sportsmanship, lack of effort, or simply important teaching moments. However, never call out a player in front of other people. It is only natural that sometimes children’s emotions get the best of them or children lose focus and make silly mistakes. Coaches need to control their emotions and avoid yelling at a player in front of the team. 15 Instead, pull the player aside privately and politely explain what went wrong and how to correct it in the future. A. Criticize wisely and privately B. Correct a player with patience C. This only serves to cause embarrassment D. An individual cannot have success on every play E. Instead, strengthen the idea that the team both succeeds and fails together F. They can also promote values such as respect, teamwork, and commitment G. Therefore, a coach should encourage a team to always play within the rules 话题5： 医疗健康和科技5篇 A First-aid kits are most commonly used for minor injuries like cuts, but they can also help you in less-common emergency situations, such as heart attacks or life-threatening bleeding. 1 Buy the right container Your first-aid items should be kept in a waterproof bag or an airtight container with clear separate sections that allow you to quickly see what's inside the kit. 2 . A good quality ready-made first-aid kit should have most, if not all, of the things recommended on the official website of the Red Cross. 3 Add notice to your calendar to remind you to check and make sure any medications in the kit are valid. “That also reminds you why you have a first-aid kit, and it may also help you recall any we've had, ”Dr. Charlton says. Get some training There's no better way to prepare yourself for emergencies than by taking a course. Organizations like the Red Cross offer basic first aid and CPR certifications that can be completed over a weekend. 4 , some in pocket size that you can keep in your kit. These guides can help you through a range of situations—from panic attacks to spinal(脊柱)injuries—with pictograms. Know when to get help 5 . If a wound is large or deep, or doesn't stop bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure, call 911 or head to the nearest hospital emergency room. Also seek help if you or someone else has trouble breathing, or experiences sudden or severe pain or any other potential medical emergency. A. Keep items separate B. Check validity period C. They also publish handbooks D. The first aid videos are also provided by the Red Cross E. Any cut longer than l inch will need medical assistance F. That way you needn't dig around it to find what you need G. Here are the important basics you can prepare for any emergency B There are numerous reasons why people don’t take First Aid training programs. 6 Or they think that accidents happen to other people, not to them or their friends, family and colleagues. But if you ask any individual who has already taken a first aid training program if it was worth it, their answer will be “Yes!” Having, some basic first aid knowledge is essential and here are the reasons. 7 Having a basic first aid knowledge means that you’ll be confident in your skills and abilities in relation to first aid administration. By taking first aid training, it helps you to reflect on yourself and how you and others react in certain situations. Having this understanding will boost your confidence in a wide range of non-medical day-to-day situations. It does more than help save lives. It’s true that having first aid training undoubtedly helps save lives. 8 Giving appropriate first aid immediately can also help to reduce a person’s recovery time and make the difference between the patient having a temporary (短暂的) disability and a long-term disability. It enables you to increase patients? comfort. Not all accidents, injuries or illnesses require a trip to the hospital but it doesn’t mean they don’t cause pain and suffering to the patient. 9 By knowing how to act — even just by employing simple techniques such as applying an ice pack correctly, you’ll help ease his discomfort. It gives you tools to prevent the situation from becoming worse. By being able to provide basic care you can stabilize a patient until emergency medical services arrive. You’ll learn how to use basic. household items as tools to cope with many situations. You’ll also be trained in how to collect information and data about what happened and the patients’ condition. This information will be passed on to the emergency services, which saves them time. 10 A. They are too busy. B. However, that’s not all. C. It helps improve your skills. D. It creates confidence to give first aid. E. You will be a valuable link in the chain of survival. F. You must look after yourself and ensure your own safety. G. A child who is crying because of a sprained ankle is suffering. C (24-25高二上·福建龙岩·期中)Why is a compliment (称赞) so powerful? One of the most important things to humans is to feel valued and respected by others, says Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist, who has researched compliments. 11 With that in mind, we asked her to share some of her favorite compliments. “You handled that situation so well.” Bohns recently used her favorite compliment when she saw a server address a difficult situation with a customer at the bar. “I like it so much because you use it in anxious moments where the other person is often unsure of whether they handled a situation OK,” she says. 12 Give your compliments generously. People sometimes worry that they’re going over and will start to sound insincere. That concern is unfounded. “ 13 ” This compliment—one of Bohns’ favorites—works well among romantic partners and close family members. “It’s a beautiful way to stress how their presence turns life into something meaningful, despite boring routines of our everyday lives,” she says. If you’re afraid that giving a compliment like this will feel strange, you’re not alone. 14 If it makes you personally feel like the bar is lowered for you to give a compliment if you write it down, or if you practice saying it out loud or giving your pet cat the compliment first, do that. “Hey, great dress!” Feel free to compliment strangers. In Bohns ’research, students on a college campus were told to approach a stranger of the same gender and compliment them about, for example, their nice shirt. Before heading out, the study participants tended to underestimate their positive effect while overestimating how annoying it would be. Across all contexts, strangers are more likely to be pleased than confused. Plus, who knows? 15 A. Respect is vital when you deliver compliments. B. You make even ordinary moments feel extraordinary. C. One way to overcome this fear is to do a practice run. D. In situations that call for a compliment, don’t hesitate. E. You bring out the best in people when giving a compliment. F. You might make a new friend in addition to making someone’s day. G. She holds that people feel better after giving and receiving a compliment. D It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 16 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator(呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 17 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator(人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation(给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 18 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 19 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 20 A. It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B. That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C. We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D. Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E. Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F. In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G. It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. E (24-25高二上·吉林·期中)Tidying your desk, watering your plants or folding laundry — these household chores are hardly the height of hedonism(享乐主义). 21 . Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms that might explain the perfect pleasure of puttering(慢条斯理地做) . They may well encourage you to engage in it more often. Pleasant distractions On the surface level, puttering may be useful because it occupies the mind, so that we give fewer resources to the things that are worrying us. For instance, we may find household tasks can help us focus on the present moment. People completing these small tasks often report a significantly better mood. 22 , as if the immersion(沉浸) in the simple activity had refreshed their minds. 23 Unlike other distracting activities — such as playing computer games or watching trashy TV — puttering also has the advantage of being positive and useful, increasing our “perceived control”. When we feel anxious, a sense of helplessness can heighten the physiological stress response, increasing levels of hormones. Ideally, we would deal directly with the upsetting situation itself. But research suggests we can gain a perception of control from activities that may have little effect on the situation that’s bothering us. Tidy room, focused mind 24 . If your puttering takes the form of organizing and decluttering(清理), you may find that the tidier environment is itself a form of comfort. To summarize, if we see order outside, it helps us to feel a bit less chaotic inside. 25 . A. Being powerful B. A feeling of control C. The benefits do not end there D. We will feel great anxiety in our mind E. This included reduced nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration” F. It is comforting because it makes life easier to manage and more predictable G. Yet we often find ourselves seeking pleasure and comfort in small repetitive tasks 话题6：旅游和太空探索5篇 A (24-25高二上·四川成都·期中)Whether you’re heading out for a day trip or a quick weekend getaway (短期休假), we will share some travel tips in this guide to help you make your experience more enjoyable. 1 The best way to travel doesn’t necessarily mean the fastest. Sometimes it means the most enjoyable. Too much consideration on short journeys is not worth it. If you’ve got a preference for a certain means of transport, it’s often worth traveling that way for short distances, even if it ends up taking you a little longer. Study the city you will travel to 2 , like NYC. Others simply aren’t. In Amsterdam, the best way to get about is by bike — whether you use the city’s shared bikes or rent one from your hotel. In Southeast Asia, you’d better rent a scooter (小型摩托车). What works here might not work there. 3 . Try all the available options Maybe you’re not sure about the best means of transport for you. 4 . See what catching the subway is like, try cycling or riding the bus. It’s hard to predict what will be the most convenient. LA has a low-cost public transport network but car-pooling is cheaper, and scooters are the best for getting around West Hollywood. You won’t know until you try them all. Don’t rely on map apps Map apps are useful, but they don’t take into account the possibility of packed subways, queues for taxis and the heat of a train in summer. Besides, they are a bit behind the real traffic time. 5 . — by the time you’ve driven halfway, you might still have another 30 minutes to go. A. Then experience them all B. Some cities are quite walkable C. You can ask the locals for advice D. Think about how you want to travel E. Maybe the map is directing you to a wrong way F. So don’t bother to find the so-called one-size-fits-all answer G. So don’t assume something is a 30-minute drive just because a map app says so B (24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中)Standing on a hill at Cliveden Gardens on a sunny winter day, its dark-green lake surrounded by centuries-old trees took my breath away. 6 It’s just a local park near London that I’d never heard of during my eight years living in the UK. As I admired the peaceful garden, it taught me a lesson about the British culture of understatement (低调). “The English landscape is more beautiful because its beauty is understated,” my friend Will said to me later as we walked through an exhibition at Tate Britain. He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside. “This is the landscape I grew up with”, he said. Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests, this scenery doesn’t shout about its beauty. 7 I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London. 8 Indeed, Oxford and Cambridge and the beloved Lake District National Park are some iconic symbols of Britain. But it would be a pity if they miss out on the lesser-known parts of the English landscape. 9 I remember a straight-A classmate once telling me he “survived exams” and another friend from Oxford introducing himself as “studying in the countryside”. This modesty also has its mirror in Chinese culture. I remember my parents’ telling me to work hard but not to exaggerate my achievements. Chinese culture is full of proverbs such as “real gold will shine sooner or later”, to encourage long-term devotion to one’s chosen area of expertise. Experiencing both cultures, I’ve realized that the English and Chinese both express achievements with understatement. 10 It reflects the unspoken charm in both British and Chinese traditions. And it’s an off-the-beaten-path attraction well worth exploration. A. I’ve been impressed by British humor all the time. B. They tend to prefer places with a strong reputation. C. But the more I looked, the more I saw its quiet elegance. D. Cliveden isn’t a famous holiday place where visitors flock. E. Rather, its beauty is reserved for the local community only. F. This mix makes me appreciate the unusual beauty of Cliveden. G. Over the years, I’ve been familiarizing myself with British modesty. C Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 11 Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 12 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe. 13 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 14 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(胶) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 15 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion(十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused. D Does alien life exist? It’s a question many people have tried to answer. 16 AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. AI works by taking in lots of data, then making predictions based on it. The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic(生物性的) or abiotic. 17 To train the AI program, the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials. The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair, bones, teeth, eaves, coal, and chemicals were alive or not.   18 19 “We may be able to find a life-form from another planet.” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC. “If we do find signs of life elsewhere, we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin.” For now, though, the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated. For example, the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3. 5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia. 20 However, others think the rocks just have unusual patterns. The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance over. NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life. Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033. A. People’s answers are various. B. Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin. C. The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate. D. The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life-forms. E. Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples. F. Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI. G. The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil. E (24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习) Why we forget? Remembering things is an important function of our brain — if we can’t recall how to do something, we can’t survive. If you think about it, there is so much we have to remember — from where we leave our car keys to how we walk. 21 Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things? It maybe because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time. When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later. 22 It is also possible that memories decline over time. If you don’t perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it. This could be because our memory is full,or that our short-term memory is easier to access. 23 Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there? This is called “The Doorway Effect”. This occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about many different things. So, if you have a mind like a sieve(筛子) ,it could be because you have too much on your mind. But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it. 24 That’s when we’re at more risk of getting Alzheimer’s disease. However, forgetting is not always a bad thing! It would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us. 25 A. That’s something worth remembering! B. Maybe it’s no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful. C. But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down. D. If you don’t have these connections, then it can be easier to forget. E. However, it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved. F. We also need some mental relaxation such as listening to some classical music. G. Beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline. ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解七选五20篇(考题猜想) 译林牛津选择必修第一册Unit3-4，选择必修第二册, 选择必修第三册Unit 1-2 话题1：美术与摄影 A (24-25高二上·江西景德镇·期中)There’s an art to arranging pictures on a wall. 1 . Are you trying to be surprising with your picture placement? Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork? Once you’ve identified the goal, let the following general principles guide you. Get the height right Conventional wisdom says art should be hung at eye level. But “eye level” means different things to different people. So a basic rule is to hang pieces so that their centers are 56 to 60 inches above the floor. And if the art is going over furniture, aim to hang it 8 to 10 inches from the top of the sofa or whatever piece is beneath it. Whatever height you choose, keep in mind: from a psychological perspective, if it’s a scene from nature, for example, 2 . Take care when grouping pieces When grouping art pieces to create a gallery wall, give priority to the thing that is most special. 3 , ensuring there is a visually equal distance between one another. A good rule is to aim for two inches apart with smaller items, and at most six inches apart with larger works. In this case, it brings people a harmonious visual effect. 4 When arranging artwork in a group, look for one or two elements(元素) that repeat between the pieces, whether it’s a similar color, or a particular style of frame(框架). When they all share this common characteristic, the brain says, “Oh, this was meant to be,”—it becomes easier to process what you’ re looking at. Create balance and symmetry(对称) Research shows that humans prefer symmetry. A 2018 study from the University of Vienna found that both art history and psychology students at the university level prefer symmetrical patterns with art over asymmetrical ones; In other experiments, researchers in Rome found that visual symmetry even leads to positive mood changes in viewers. Make a proper arrangement Before you commit to the arrangement you have in mind by hammering(捶打) holes into a wall, lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look. Consider this a rehearsal(彩排) for your personal art show. 5 . A. Locate a consistent link. B. Ensure two important repeated elements. C. Be mindful of the space between the frames. D. it’s most relaxing if it seems like we can step into it. E. Once you’ve got the correct layout, hammer the nails. F. it should be hung as high as possible to be more dramatic. G. The first step is to think about what you’ re trying to achieve. 【答案】1. G 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. E 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何把画挂在墙上提出几点建议。 1. 根据上句“There’s an art to arranging pictures on a wall. (把画挂在墙上是一门艺术。)”以及后句“Are you trying to be surprising with your picture placement? Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork? (你是想用你的照片来给人惊喜吗？你是想引起人们对某件艺术品的好奇心还是想吸引人们的注意力？)”为把画挂在墙上的效果的具体介绍。可知，设空处承上启下，说明画挂在墙上需要思考想要达到的效果，G项：The first step is to think about what you’ re trying to achieve(第一步是想想你想要达到什么目标)合乎题意，故选G。 2. 根据上句“Whatever height you choose, keep in mind: from a psychological perspective, if it’s a scene from nature, for example, (从心理学的角度来看，无论你选择什么高度，都要记住：例如，如果是大自然的场景)”可知，设空处为如果是大自然的场景，从心理学的角度来看应该达到的效果，D项：it’s most relaxing if it seems like we can step into it(如果我们可以进入大自然的场景，那是最放松的)合乎题意。故选D。 3. 根据后句“ensuring there is a visually equal distance between one another. (确保彼此之间的视觉距离相等。)”可知，确保彼此之间的视觉距离相等，需要注意框架之间的空间。C项：Be mindful of the space between the frames(注意框架之间的空间)合乎题意。故选C。 4. 设空处概括本段内容，为本段小标题， 设空处与上下段的首句句式保持一致，即应是祈使句。根据本段“When arranging artwork in a group, look for one or two elements (元素) that repeat between the pieces, whether it’s a similar color, or a particular style of frame (框架) (在一组作品中安排艺术品时，寻找一两个在作品之间重复的元素，无论是相似的颜色，还是特定风格的框架)”可知，这样做的目的是确保一致性链接，A项：Locate a consistent link(确定一致性链接)概括本段，合乎题意。故选A。 5. 根据上文“Before you commit to the arrangement you have in mind by hammering (捶打) holes into a wall, lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look. (在你打算在墙上打洞之前，先把你的计划放在地板上，了解一下它会是什么样子。)”可知，设空处承接上句，说明确定好后，下一步的做法，E项：Once you’ve got the correct layout, hammer the nails(一旦你有了正确的布局，锤钉子)合乎题意。故选E。 B Capturing photos of individuals can be an opportunity to show their personality, convey information and tell a story. I’m a photographer and have taken photos of musicians, athletes, politicians, actors and many others. Here are some tips to keep in mind as you take photos of people. Be decisive while making room for collaboration (合作) Having your photo taken can be troublesome. To ease your subjects’ anxiety, you should be confident, calm and decisive. 6 , including how many shots you have planned, and showing them the different locations and styling choices. If you have time, get their feedback about a proposed shot. During the shoot, check in and see if there are changes that will make the subjects more comfortable. 7 , be decisive and prioritize getting the job done. Prioritize needs and wants For me, the order of priority is my clients’ needs, my investments and then the subjects’ requests. 8 . But with the restrictions of practical circumstances, follow your own order of priority. 9 With any lighting situation, test the light by having your subjects turn in a circle so you can see how light changes on their faces. 10 . If you fall in love with a shot, but the subject says, “I just shot there last week, so I don’t want to do that,” you have to adjust quickly. Something unexpected can happen, so you must be prepared to take action. A. Respect your subjects B. Given a time restriction C. In an ideal world, everyone can be satisfied D. Make preparations and adjustments in photography E. If you have enough time to shoot in the right location F. You can lead the shoot by walking them through the process G. It’s important to have a plan in case your initial choice can’t work out 【答案】6. F 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. G 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拍摄人物照片时需要注意的几个要点，包括在拍摄过程中要果断并留出合作的空间，优先考虑客户需求、自身投入以及被摄对象的意愿，并测试光线以及灵活应对意外情况。 6. 后文“including how many shots you have planned, and showing them the different locations and styling choices. (包括你计划了多少张照片，并向他们展示不同的地点和造型选择。)”详细介绍了摄影师需要告知被拍摄者的拍摄过程和细节，是对F项“You can lead the shoot by walking them through the process (开始拍摄之前，你可以先介绍一遍拍摄流程)”中“the process”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选F。 7. 设空处后是逗号，且后文“be decisive and prioritize getting the job done. (要果断，优先完成工作。)”是祈使句，句中没有连词出现，由此推知，设空句不能是完整的句子，只有B、E两项符合；结合下文中“prioritize getting the job done (优先完成工作)”可推知，如果时间紧迫，需优先完成拍摄工作，B项“Given a time restriction (倘若有时间限制)”符合语境。故选B。 8. 根据后文“But with the restrictions of practical circumstances, follow your own order of priority. (但由于实际情况的限制，请按照自己的优先顺序行事。)”中“But with the restrictions of practical circumstances”可知，上下文有转折关系，下文谈的是实际情况，C项“In an ideal world, everyone can be satisfied (在一个理想的世界里，每个人都能得到满足)”讲的是理想情况，上下文构成转折关系。故选C。 9. 设空句是本段小标题。根据后文“With any lighting situation, test the light by having your subjects turn in a circle so you can see how light changes on their faces. (在任何照明情况下，让你的拍摄对象转一圈来测试光线，这样你就可以看到光线在他们脸上的变化。)”可知，本段建议要做好摄影光线的准备和调整工作。所以D项“Make preparations and adjustments in photography (做好摄影中的准备和调整)”是最佳标题句。故选D。 10. 后文“If you fall in love with a shot, but the subject says, “I just shot there last week, so I don’t want to do that,” you have to adjust quickly. Something unexpected can happen, so you must be prepared to take action. (如果你喜欢一个镜头，但拍摄对象说，“我上周刚在那里拍过，所以我不想那样做，”你必须迅速调整。一些意想不到的事情可能会发生，所以你必须准备好采取行动。)”用举例的方式说明摄像师要有Plan B，以应对客户提出的新要求，是对G项“It’s important to have a plan in case your initial choice can’t work out (重要的是，如果你的第一选择行不通，要有另一个计划)”观点的解释说明。故选G。 话题2：诗歌2篇 A How to become a successful poet Poems are little machines made of words. lf you want to make them go, it'll take some work. However, by learning as much as you can about the poetry written today and by writing constantly and actively, 1 . Study poetry from every era. If you don't know Keats or Kerouac, you're not going to be a successful poet. 2 from the Romantic era to the Beats, as well as contemporary poetry being written by people who are still alive. 3 A successful poet is one who is constantly engaged with poetry, reading, writing, and revising their work. Successful poets don't wait until “inspiration” strikes to write apoem, and they get to work at their desk, computer, or journal, treating the writing of a poem as the work that it is. Keep a poetry image journal. Carry it everywhere you go, 4 . You don't have to write a full poem every time you sit down to write, as many successful poets build their poems likes culptures (雕塑). Share your work with good poets and accept criticism gracefully. Some people will like your poetry, others won't. 5 , but continue writing and revising your work constantly. Learn everything you can from people who know more than you. A. Write by yourself B. Write constantly. C. you can become a successful poet D. Don't dwell on what the haters say E. figure out how you're going to make money F. Try to learn about the different periods and movements in poetry G. so that if you come up with a poem or idea, you can write it down 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. B 4. G 5. D 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何成为成功的诗人的有效建议。 1. 前文“Poems are little machines made of words. lf you want to make them go, it'll take some work. However, by learning as much as you can about the poetry written today and by writing constantly and actively (诗是由文字组成的小机器。如果你想让它们走，这需要一些努力。然而，通过尽可能多地学习今天所写的诗歌，通过不断地、积极地写作)”说明了如果想要写出好的诗歌，就要通过不断地积极地写作，这是成为成功的诗人的方式，因此推断C项“你可以成为一个成功的诗人”符合语境，故选C。 2. 前文“If you don't know Keats or Kerouac, you're not going to be a successful poet. (如果你不知道济慈或凯鲁亚克，你就不会成为一个成功的诗人。)”讲述要了解一些著名的诗人，后文“from the Romantic era to the Beats, as well as contemporary poetry being written by people who are still alive (从浪漫主义时代到垮掉的一代，以及由健在的人创作的当代诗歌)”继续说明要了解一些不同时代的人的写的诗歌，因此推断F项“努力学习诗歌的不同时期和运动”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。 3. 空处是段落标题。后文“A successful poet is one who is constantly engaged with poetry, reading, writing, and revising their work. Successful poets don't wait until “inspiration” strikes to write apoem, and they get to work at their desk, computer, or journal, treating the writing of a poem as the work that it is. (一个成功的诗人是一个不断从事诗歌，阅读，写作和修改他们的作品的人。成功的诗人不会等到“灵感”来了才写诗，他们会在办公桌前、电脑前或日记前工作，把写诗当作工作来对待。)”可知，本段讲述要不断地尝试写作，才能成为成功的诗人。故选B。 4. 前文“Keep a poetry image journal. Carry it everywhere you go(坚持写诗歌意像日记。随身携带)”讲述要坚持写诗歌日志，随身携带日志，分析句子结构，空处要填从句，因此推断G项“以便于如果你想到一首诗或一个想法，你就可以把它写下来”符合语境，故选G。 5. 前文“Some people will like your poetry, others won't. (有些人会喜欢你的诗，有些人不会。)”讲述你的诗歌不可能每个人都喜欢，后半句“but continue writing and revising your work constantly (但是要不断地写作和修改你的作品)”与前文是转折关系，因此推断D项“不要老是想着那些讨厌你的人说的话”符合语境，说明如果有人不喜欢你的诗歌，也要不断地坚持写作和修改，不要总是想着那些讨厌的人说的话，故选D。 B I learned my first poem written by John Donne at school and I still remember the whole thing today. It’s just one of many poems I’ve stored in my memory, ready to recite(背诵) and enjoy whenever I please. It seems that poetry learning has gone out of fashion, but I’m still a fan because it doesn’t just breed a lifelong love of poetry. 6 So why not dig out a poem you love and use it to exercise your recall? Step 1. Know that poems are designed to stick in your mind. 7 See how they leave you with memory-arousing images, how they surprise you by breaking the rules, and how they control your senses and emotions. These are all great ways to make information more memorable. Step 2. 8 When you’re learning a poem, try linking the last word of one line to the first word of the next. In my John Donne’s poem, one line ends with “see”, and the next starts with “which”, so I pictured a “sea witch”. Making links like these can also help with learning names, and many other kinds of information. Step 3. Put in a performance. When you’re practising a poem, read it aloud, as dramatically and emotionally as you can. 9 Step 4. Enjoy yourself. Learning poems gives your memory a workout, which improves your mood and gets you into good learning habits. Have fun putting rhymes into your shopping list, using rhythm to learn names, or “performing” revision notes before an exam. 10 And, in the process, you’ll be making your memory stronger for everything. A. Learn through links since memory relies on connections. B. It also boosts confidence and develops lasting memory skills. C. So identify the tricks poets use — rhythm, rhyme and repetition. D. Thus, short poems are good options because they are easily memorized. E. Follow these steps to appreciate poems and enjoy them wherever you are. F. Memory experts believe poetry learning can even cultivate an interest in study. G. Adding gestures and moving around the room can also strengthen your learning. 【答案】6. B 7. C 8. A 9. G 10. E 【知识点】诗歌、学习、方法/策略 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了学习诗歌的步骤和方法。 6. 根据前一句“It seems that poetry learning has gone out of fashion, but I’m still a fan because it doesn’t just breed a lifelong love of poetry(似乎诗歌学习已经过时了，但我仍然是一个粉丝，因为它不仅培养了对诗歌的终身热爱)”可知，空格处的句子应该接着说作者喜欢学诗歌的原因，所以B项“It also boosts confidence and develops lasting memory skills.(它还能增强信心，培养持久的记忆技能)”填入空格处符合语境，B选项中的also与前一句中的doesn’t just形成“不仅……而且……”结构。故选B项。 7. 根据空格前的句子“Know that poems are designed to stick in your mind. (要知道，诗歌的设计是为了让你铭记在心)”可知，空格处的句子应该解释诗歌适合记忆的因素，所以C项“So identify the tricks poets use — rhythm, rhyme and repetition.(所以要识别诗人使用的技巧——节奏、押韵和重复。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选C项。 8. 根据空格后的句子“When you’re learning a poem, try linking the last word of one line to the first word of the next.(当你学习一首诗的时候，试着把一行的最后一个单词和下一行的第一个单词连起来。)”可知，空格处的句子应该是建议通过联系来学习诗歌，所以A项“Learn through links since memory relies on connections.(通过联系来学习，因为记忆依赖于联系。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 9. 根据前文“Put in a performance. When you’re practising a poem, read it aloud, as dramatically and emotionally as you can.(进行表演。当你练习一首诗的时候，大声朗读，尽可能戏剧化和充满感情。)”可知，空格处的句子应该是建议通过表演来学习诗歌，所以G项“Adding gestures and moving around the room can also strengthen your learning.(增加手势和在房间里走动也可以加强你的学习。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 10. 空格处的句子在最后一段，是总结句，应该是对以上提到的几种方法的总结，所以E项“Follow these steps to appreciate poems and enjoy them wherever you are.(按照这些步骤来欣赏诗歌，无论你在哪里都能享受它们。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选E项。 话题3：大众媒体2篇 A Certain brands and products can be easily recognized at a glance by people worldwide. 1 Just mentioning the words golden arches(拱门) brings to mind burgers and fries from McDonald’s. With such universal popularity, many people are confused as to why these large and famous companies do so much advertising and have such large advertising budgets. 2 Most business owners who are just starting to understand how vital advertising is to their growth. Putting in the time and money to market your company can help it grow over time. 3 Continuing to advertise after achieving success helps businesses maintain a positive image with the public. It can also help attract new customers as demographics(客户群体) change as time passes. Furthermore, advertising helps to inform your customers of updates to old products and introduce new ones. However, the ultimate goal of advertising for both big and small companies is to earn more income and maximize profits. 4 Is it better to stick to traditional forms of media, like newspapers and television, or embrace(接纳) new forms of online advertising on social media sites? While many new smaller companies tend to focus their limited budgets on social media and internet marketing, it is usually better for larger, well-established companies to do both. For example, over 95% of homes receive television signals, while only around 75% of the population has access to the internet. 5 Also, older, wealthier people are more likely to notice television advertising than online advertising. While the focus of advertising might change over time, companies must certainly continue to use it to grow. A. Is advertising necessary? B. After all, shouldn’t their global success speak for itself? C. This same principle holds true for older successful brands. D. Therefore, television advertising gives companies access to more people. E. Another major question companies must find the answer to is how to advertise. F. The money invested in these advertisements could be used for more worthwhile businesses. G. Almost everyone is familiar with the red labeling of Coca-Cola or the symbolic flower logo of Huawei. 【答案】1. G 2. B 3. C 4. E 5. D 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了为什么大公司尽管已经取得了全球性的成功，仍然需要进行大量的广告宣传。 1. 根据前文“Certain brands and products can be easily recognized at a glance by people worldwide. (某些品牌和产品很容易被世界各地的人们一眼认出。)”以及后文“Just mentioning the words golden arches (拱门) brings to mind burgers and fries from McDonald’s. (只要提到“金拱门”这个词，就会让人想起麦当劳的汉堡和薯条。)”可知，前文讲述某些品牌和产品很容易被世界各地的人们一眼认出，后文举了麦当劳的例子，所以空处也可能是举例子，所以G项“Almost everyone is familiar with the red labeling of Coca-Cola or the symbolic flower logo of Huawei. (几乎每个人都熟悉可口可乐的红色标签或华为的象征性花朵标志。)”符合文意，是对前文的举例。故选G项。 2. 根据前文“With such universal popularity, many people are confused as to why these large and famous companies do so much advertising and have such large advertising budgets. (由于如此普遍的知名度，许多人都很困惑，为什么这些大而著名的公司做这么多的广告，有这么大的广告预算。)”可知，B项“After all, shouldn’t their global success speak for itself? (毕竟，它们在全球的成功不应该不言自明吗?)”是对前文问题的进一步提问，从而引出本文主题，符合文意。故选B项。 3. 根据前文“Most business owners who are just starting to understand how vital advertising is to their growth. Putting in the time and money to market your company can help it grow over time. (大多数企业主刚刚开始了解广告对他们的发展是多么重要。投入时间和金钱来营销你的公司可以帮助它随着时间的推移而成长。)”可知，C项“This same principle holds true for older successful brands. (同样的原则也适用于较老的成功品牌。)”是对前文的进一步说明，其中This same principle指的是前文提到“投入时间和金钱来营销你的公司可以帮助它随着时间的推移而成长”，符合文意。故选C项。 4. 分析设空位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Is it better to stick to traditional forms of media, like newspapers and television, or embrace (接纳) new forms of online advertising on social media sites? While many new smaller companies tend to focus their limited budgets on social media and internet marketing, it is usually better for larger, well-established companies to do both. For example, over 95% of homes receive television signals, while only around 75% of the population has access to the internet. (是坚持传统的媒体形式，如报纸和电视，还是在社交媒体网站上接受新的在线广告形式?虽然许多新成立的小公司倾向于将有限的预算集中在社交媒体和网络营销上，但对于大型、成熟的公司来说，两者兼而有之通常更好。例如，超过95%的家庭接收到电视信号，而只有大约75%的人口可以上网。)”可知，本段主要讲述了，如何做广告，所以E项“Another major question companies must find the answer to is how to advertise. (公司必须找到答案的另一个主要问题是如何做广告。)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选E项， 5. 根据前文“While many new smaller companies tend to focus their limited budgets on social media and internet marketing, it is usually better for larger, well-established companies to do both. For example, over 95% of homes receive television signals, while only around 75% of the population has access to the internet. (虽然许多新成立的小公司倾向于将有限的预算集中在社交媒体和网络营销上，但对于大型、成熟的公司来说，两者兼而有之通常更好。例如，超过95%的家庭接收到电视信号，而只有大约75%的人口可以上网。)”可知，D项“Therefore, television advertising gives companies access to more people. (因此，电视广告让公司接触到更多的人。)”和前文构成因果关系，并引出下文“Also, older, wealthier people are more likely to notice television advertising than online advertising. (此外，年龄较大、较富有的人更容易注意到电视广告，而不是网络广告。)”符合文意。故选D项。 B Short-form videos, also known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels. 6 However, there’s a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children’s brains. The phenomenon known as “TikTok Brain” arises from the app’s short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine(多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain’s pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains. 7 They stimulated the brain’s reward centers more intensely than random videos. Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users. 8 According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex(前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility. 9 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts. In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children’s attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks. 10 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle. A. Some even do not include text at all. B. TikTok’s feed is created addictive by design. C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25. D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts. E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected. F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users. G. They’re brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive. 【答案】6. G 7. F 8. E 9. C 10. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了短视频对儿童和青少年大脑发展的影响。 6. 根据下文“However, there’s a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children’s brains.(然而，越来越多的人担心看太多短片会影响孩子的大脑)”中“However”可知，上下文有转折关系，下文讲短视频的问题：会影响孩子的大脑”，G项“They’re brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.(它们是简短的引人注目的视频，可以使人愉快和入迷)”讲短视频的魅力，与下文构成转折关系。故选G项。 7. 上文“A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.(一项研究调查了短视频对青少年大脑的影响)”提到一个关于短视频对青少年大脑的影响的研究，F项“It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.(它揭示这些视频是个性化的，经过挑选并提供给用户的)”承接上文，说明研究的结果，句中“It”指代上文“A study”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 8. 上文“Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.(值得注意的是，社交媒体平台可能会对年轻用户阅读习惯的养成造成很大伤害)”指出社交媒体平台对阅读习惯的养成的影响，E项“Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.(短期记忆和集中注意力的能力都会受到影响)”承接上文，说明其具体影响：影响短期记忆和集中注意力的能力，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 9. 下文“This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.(这种延迟发育使年轻人更容易受到short的影响)”中提到“This delayed development”，根据指代关系，上文会明确其指代的具体内容，C项“But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.(但它要到25岁左右才能完全成熟)”和上文“The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.(前额叶皮层负责注意力、自我控制、记忆和学习灵活性)”告知，下文的“延迟发育”指的是“前额叶皮层的延迟发育”。故选C项。 10. 上文“To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.(为了解决这个问题，父母可以和他们的孩子就潜在的风险进行开诚布公的交流)”提出解决问题的一个办法：父母和孩子进行交流。D项“It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.(使用屏幕时间管理工具是很有帮助的)”给出另一个办法，建议使用屏幕时间管理工具。下文“Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.(此外，鼓励体育活动和户外活动对于发展平衡的生活方式也至关重要)”提出第三个建议：鼓励体育活动和户外活动。所以，D项与上下文构成并列关系，就如果解决问题给出切实可行的建议。故选D项。 话题4：运动文化3篇 A (24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习) Lessons that are Learned from the Olympics The Olympic Games are enjoyed by everyone. Here are some tips about how to bring the deeper meaning of the Olympics into your life. ◆Excellence comes with hard work and practice. Learning about the training schedules of Olympic athletes reminds us that success doesn’t come easily. Repetition is the servant(仆人) of success. Set long-term goals as well as realistic ones. 1 And remember the most important competitor you have is actually you. ◆ 2 There are hundreds of events at the Olympics, each standing for a specific activity that athletes have chosen to follow. You can recognize the creativity and excitement and form strong feelings about it, which will help you to achieve your dreams. ◆Expect to fail sometimes. Every athlete who has made it into Olympic competition has suffered injury and disappointment along the way, but that has not been the end of their dream. 3 You can treat your setbacks(挫折) as a teaching tool. ◆Enjoy your success. Observe the Olympic athletes when they stand on the winners’ platform with their medals, listening to their national anthems(国歌). Their pride is obvious. Enjoy the feelings of power that come from your achievement. 4 ◆Enjoy other cultures. With its symbol of the five-ring Olympic flag, the Olympics celebrate the unity of the games while honoring individual nationality. 5 A. You deserve it. B. Have confidence in yourselves. C. Work hard for your personal best. D. Find your strong feelings and develop it. E. Enough practice will make you successful. F. Athletes show respect to those from other countries. G. They know that they can learn more from failure than success. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. G 4. A 5. F 【知识点】竞技/比赛、体育精神 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从奥运会中可以学到的五个教训：努力工作和练习带来卓越、发现激情、期待失败、享受成功以及享受其他文化。 1. 上文“Learning about the training schedules of Olympic athletes reminds us that success doesn’t come easily. Repetition is the servant of success. Set long-term goals as well as realistic ones.(了解奥林匹克运动员的训练日程提醒我们成功并非易事。重复是成功的仆人。设定长期目标以及现实的目标)”说明成功来之不易，下文“And remember the most important competitor you have is actually you.(记住，你最重要的竞争对手实际上是你自己)”表明要和自己竞争，C项“为你的个人最佳而努力”呼应本段的小标题“Excellence comes with hard work and practice.(卓越来自努力工作和实践)”，并强调了个人努力的重要性，承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。 2. 下文“There are hundreds of events at the Olympics, each standing for a specific activity that athletes have chosen to follow. You can recognize the creativity and excitement and form strong feelings about it, which will help you to achieve your dreams.(奥运会中有数百个项目，每个项目都代表着运动员们所选择追求的具体活动。你可以认识到这些活动中的创造力和激情，并对其产生强烈的感情，这将有助于你实现自己的梦想)”强调要通过发现自己的激情所在来推动自己前进，实现梦想，D项“找到你强烈的情感并发展它”总结了这段话的核心内容，适合作为本段的小标题，符合语境。故选D项。 3. 上文“Every athlete who has made it into Olympic competition has suffered injury and disappointment along the way, but that has not been the end of their dream.(每一位参加奥运会的运动员一路上都遭受了受伤和失望，但这并不是他们梦想的终点)”表明运动员所受的挫折，下文“You can treat your setbacks as a teaching tool.(你可以将你的挫折视为一种教学工具)”教你怎样面对挫折，G项“他们知道可以从失败中学到比成功更多的东西”回应了上文关于经历挫折的内容，并且鼓励人们把挫折当作学习的机会，与下文提到的将挫折视为教学工具的观点一致，符合语境，故选G项。 4. 上文“Observe the Olympic athletes when they stand on the winners’ platform with their medals, listening to their national anthems. Their pride is obvious. Enjoy the feelings of power that come from your achievement.(观察奥运选手们站在领奖台上，挂着奖牌，聆听国歌时的情景。他们的自豪感显而易见。享受你的成就所带来的力量感)”鼓励读者认可自己的成就，A项“你值得拥有”是对前文描述的成功感受的一种肯定，告诉读者应当对自己的成就感到自豪，并且认为这是应得的，承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。 5. 上文“With its symbol of the five-ring Olympic flag, the Olympics celebrate the unity of the games while honoring individual nationality.(奥运会以其五环旗象征庆祝比赛的团结，同时尊重每个国家的国籍)”体现了对不同文化的尊重，F项“运动员们对他国的人表示尊重”承接上文，并与本段标题“Enjoy other cultures.(享受其他文化)”相呼应。故选F项。 B Why do we say “it’s not the winning but the taking part that counts”? The founder of the modern Olympic Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, once said “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part.” Most people seem to agree that trying and failing is more admirable than not trying at all. 6 In young children’s sporting events, the last place is often rewarded with a “wooden spoon”. 7 Perhaps “taking part” is just a myth(不真实的事) designed to cheer up the slowest children: to take the edge off failure. 8 They say that effort and trying hard to reach a goal are commendable(值得赞扬的) in themselves. Winning athletes are those who combine this good behaviour with natural talent. 9 De Coubertin himself coined the motto(格言) “Citius, Altius, Fortius” — “faster, higher, stronger” — for his Games. It is an ambiguous(模棱两可的) motto and one that could be taken to include trying hard to beat one’s personal best as well as going for gold. Competition is not unacceptable. It is reasonable that winners be rewarded, even if their victories sometimes are a matter of chance. 10 And games are important to humanity. Celebrating achievement is also not in itself unacceptable but it can drive some competitors to unacceptable behaviour. A. Many people would say otherwise. B. Competition is the essence of a game. C. There are other goals to work for apart from a medal. D. Grown-up athletes don’t even have this to look forward to. E. It is commonly accepted that through sport one learns to persevere. F. In practice, though, most people seem only to be interested in the medal lists. G. The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world. 【答案】6. F 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 【语篇解读】本文是议论文。作者引用现代奥林匹克运动之父顾拜旦的话论述了比赛中最重要的不是胜利，而是参与。 6. 根据上文“Most people seem to agree that trying and failing is more admirable than not trying at all. (大多数人似乎都同意，尝试和失败比根本不尝试更令人钦佩。)”可知，作者在此处主要讨论人们关于比赛中最重要的事情的看法，F项通过though与上文内容形成转折，only to be interested in the medal lists也与上文中的agree that trying and failing is more admirable than not trying at all构成了对比关系。故F项“但实际上，大多数人似乎只对奖牌获得者感兴趣。”符合此处内容。故选F。 7. 根据上文“In young children’s sporting events, the last place is often rewarded with a “wooden spoon”. (在儿童体育比赛中，最后一名通常会被奖励“末名奖。”)”可知，本句承接上文，继续介绍成人比赛的情况，D项中的Grown-up athletes与上文中的young children构成了对比关系，同时this指代上文中的wooden spoon。D选项“成年运动员甚至没有这样的期待”符合语境。故选D。 8. 根据上文“Perhaps “taking part” is just a myth (不真实的事) designed to cheer up the slowest children: to take the edge off failure. (也许“参与”只是一个神话，旨在让最慢的孩子们振作起来：消除失败的痛苦。)”和下文“They say that effort and trying hard to reach a goal are commendable (值得赞扬的) in themselves. (他们说，尝试和努力达到一个目标本身是值得称赞的。)”可知，此处需要填入一个起转折作用的句子。A项中的otherwise与上文内容形成转折，下文中的They say that effort and trying hard to reach a goal are commendable in themselves是对A项内容的具体解释，同时下文中的They指代A项中的Many people。A选项“很多人会有不同的看法。”符合语境。故选A。 9. 根据后文“De Coubertin himself coined the motto (格言) “Citius, Altius, Fortius” — “faster, higher, stronger” — for his Games. It is an ambiguous (模棱两可的) motto and one that could be taken to include trying hard to beat one’s personal best as well as going for gold. (顾拜旦自己为他的奥运会创造了“Citius, Altius, Fortius”——“更快，更高，更强”。这是一个模棱两可的座右铭，它可以被理解为包括努力打破个人最好成绩和夺取金牌。)”可知，本空为该段的主旨句。根据下文中的include trying hard to beat one’s personal best as well as going for gold可知，作者认为运动员参加比赛除了夺取奖牌还可以有其他的奋斗目标，例如刷新自己的最好成绩，因此C项“除了奖牌，还有其他的目标。”最能概括本段主旨。故选C。 10. 根据本段的主旨句“Competition is not unacceptable.( 竞争并非不可接受。)”和“It is reasonable that winners be rewarded, even if their victories sometimes are a matter of chance. (胜利者得到奖励是合理的，即使他们的胜利有时是偶然的。)”可知，作者在本段主要论述竞争在比赛中不是不可接受的，相反，竞争在比赛中很重要，因此B项“竞争是比赛的本质。”符合此处内容。B项中的Competition与主旨句中的Competition构成原词复现的关系，同时B项也与下文中的And games are important to humanity在内容上构成顺承关系。故选B。 C Youth sports are going to teach young players a lot more than how to shoot a basketball or run faster. 11 These sportsmanship values are just as important as the development of athletic skills. Thus, coaches must drill positive values into children with strict athletic training. There are several important pieces of advice that should be kept in mind in coaching. Promote integrity(诚实正直) When it comes to young athletes, promoting integrity should remain at the forefront of every athletic competition. 12 . Never encourage athletes to perform morally or legally questionable actions during gameplay. Encourage teamwork One of the most important aspects of sports is the development of teamwork. One way is to encourage players to help their teammates who might be struggling or to work with kids who might be left out. Also, mistakes will present themselves as good opportunities for coaches to help build teamwork. But remember not to embarrass players by calling them out individually. 13 14 Sometimes players need to be singled out for poor displays of sportsmanship, lack of effort, or simply important teaching moments. However, never call out a player in front of other people. It is only natural that sometimes children’s emotions get the best of them or children lose focus and make silly mistakes. Coaches need to control their emotions and avoid yelling at a player in front of the team. 15 Instead, pull the player aside privately and politely explain what went wrong and how to correct it in the future. A. Criticize wisely and privately B. Correct a player with patience C. This only serves to cause embarrassment D. An individual cannot have success on every play E. Instead, strengthen the idea that the team both succeeds and fails together F. They can also promote values such as respect, teamwork, and commitment G. Therefore, a coach should encourage a team to always play within the rules 【答案】11. F 12. G 13. E 14. A 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。体育活动不仅能让青少年强身健体，还可以教给他们各种体育精神。那么教练们在训练运动员时该如何培养这些运动精神呢？本文作者给出了几条建议。 11. 根据后半句“These sportsmanship values are just as important as the development of athletic skills. (这些体育精神和运动员技能发展是一样重要)”可知，本句是在说明后文提到的具体的体育精神，故F选项“它们可以培养如尊重，合作以及奉献等这样的体育精神”可以与之构成顺承关系。故选F。 12. 根据空格前“promoting integrity should remain at the forefront (弘扬诚信精神应该是最核心的)”和空格后“Never encourage athletes to perform morally or legally questionable actions during gameplay (比赛中永远不要鼓励运动员做哪些道德上或法律上有争议的事情)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出教练永远要鼓励队员们在规则内比赛。故G选项“因此，教练永远要鼓励队员们在规则内比赛”符合语境。故选G。 13. 本段的小标题为“团队合作”以及上文“But remember not to embarrass players by calling them out individually. (但是记得不要单独把个体队员叫出来让他们尴尬)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出正确做法。故E项“相反地，要加强胜负都是团队的这种想法”符合语境。故选E。 14. 本空需要选择一个小标题。本段介绍不论因为什么原因批评队员的时候，不要把队员单独挑出来，当着其他人的面大吼大叫。而是要把队员拉到一边，私下里礼貌解释错在哪儿以及该如何纠正。故A选项“私下里建设性地批评”最能概括了本段的内容的建议。故选A。 15. 根据空前一句“Coaches need to control their emotions and avoid yelling at a player in front of the team. (教练需要控制自己的情感，避免在人前冲队员大喊大叫)”可知，本句是在说明上文导致的结果：这只会引起尴尬。故C项中的“这只会引起尴尬”符合语境。故选C。 话题5： 医疗健康和科技5篇 A First-aid kits are most commonly used for minor injuries like cuts, but they can also help you in less-common emergency situations, such as heart attacks or life-threatening bleeding. 1 Buy the right container Your first-aid items should be kept in a waterproof bag or an airtight container with clear separate sections that allow you to quickly see what's inside the kit. 2 . A good quality ready-made first-aid kit should have most, if not all, of the things recommended on the official website of the Red Cross. 3 Add notice to your calendar to remind you to check and make sure any medications in the kit are valid. “That also reminds you why you have a first-aid kit, and it may also help you recall any we've had, ”Dr. Charlton says. Get some training There's no better way to prepare yourself for emergencies than by taking a course. Organizations like the Red Cross offer basic first aid and CPR certifications that can be completed over a weekend. 4 , some in pocket size that you can keep in your kit. These guides can help you through a range of situations—from panic attacks to spinal(脊柱)injuries—with pictograms. Know when to get help 5 . If a wound is large or deep, or doesn't stop bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure, call 911 or head to the nearest hospital emergency room. Also seek help if you or someone else has trouble breathing, or experiences sudden or severe pain or any other potential medical emergency. A. Keep items separate B. Check validity period C. They also publish handbooks D. The first aid videos are also provided by the Red Cross E. Any cut longer than l inch will need medical assistance F. That way you needn't dig around it to find what you need G. Here are the important basics you can prepare for any emergency 【答案】1. G 2. F 3. B 4. C 5. E 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了急救包在应对紧急情况下的重要性，并提供了一些关于购买和使用急救包的建议。 1. 根据上文“First-aid kits are most commonly used for minor injuries like cuts, but they can also help you in less-common emergency situations, such as heart attacks or life-threatening bleeding. (急救包最常用于处理割伤等轻伤，但在心脏病发作或危及生命的出血等不太常见的紧急情况下也能提供帮助。)”可知，作者接下来会介绍如何应对紧急情况，与G项“Here are the important basics you can prepare for any emergency (以下是你可以为任何紧急情况准备的重要基本知识)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。 2. 根据上文“Your first-aid items should be kept in a waterproof bag or an airtight container with clear separate sections that allow you to quickly see what's inside the kit. (你的急救物品应该放在防水袋或密封容器中，容器内有清晰的分隔区域，让你能快速看到急救包内的物品。)”可知，这样的设计可以让你快速找到需要的物品，与F项“That way you needn't dig around it to find what you need (这样你就不用翻找就能找到你需要的东西)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。 3. 根据下文“Add notice to your calendar to remind you to check and make sure any medications in the kit are valid. (在你的日历上添加提醒，确保检查急救包中的所有药物是否有效。)”可知，作者建议定期检查急救包中的药物是否有效，与B项“Check validity period (检查有效期)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。 4. 根据下文“some in pocket size that you can keep in your kit. These guides can help you through a range of situations—from panic attacks to spinal(脊柱)injuries—with pictograms. (有些手册只有口袋大小，你可以放在急救包中。这些指南可以通过图解帮助你应对从恐慌发作到脊柱损伤等一系列情况。)”可知，红十字会除了提供认证课程外，还出版了一些手册，与C项“They also publish handbooks (他们还出版手册)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。 5. 根据下文“If a wound is large or deep, or doesn't stop bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure, call 911 or head to the nearest hospital emergency room. (如果伤口很大或很深，或者在施压10分钟后仍未止血，请拨打911或前往最近的医院急诊室。)”可知，作者在这里列举了一些需要寻求医疗帮助的情况，与E项“Any cut longer than l inch will need medical assistance (任何超过一英寸的伤口都需要医疗援助)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。 B There are numerous reasons why people don’t take First Aid training programs. 6 Or they think that accidents happen to other people, not to them or their friends, family and colleagues. But if you ask any individual who has already taken a first aid training program if it was worth it, their answer will be “Yes!” Having, some basic first aid knowledge is essential and here are the reasons. 7 Having a basic first aid knowledge means that you’ll be confident in your skills and abilities in relation to first aid administration. By taking first aid training, it helps you to reflect on yourself and how you and others react in certain situations. Having this understanding will boost your confidence in a wide range of non-medical day-to-day situations. It does more than help save lives. It’s true that having first aid training undoubtedly helps save lives. 8 Giving appropriate first aid immediately can also help to reduce a person’s recovery time and make the difference between the patient having a temporary (短暂的) disability and a long-term disability. It enables you to increase patients? comfort. Not all accidents, injuries or illnesses require a trip to the hospital but it doesn’t mean they don’t cause pain and suffering to the patient. 9 By knowing how to act — even just by employing simple techniques such as applying an ice pack correctly, you’ll help ease his discomfort. It gives you tools to prevent the situation from becoming worse. By being able to provide basic care you can stabilize a patient until emergency medical services arrive. You’ll learn how to use basic. household items as tools to cope with many situations. You’ll also be trained in how to collect information and data about what happened and the patients’ condition. This information will be passed on to the emergency services, which saves them time. 10 A. They are too busy. B. However, that’s not all. C. It helps improve your skills. D. It creates confidence to give first aid. E. You will be a valuable link in the chain of survival. F. You must look after yourself and ensure your own safety. G. A child who is crying because of a sprained ankle is suffering. 【答案】6. A 7. D 8. B 9. G 10. E 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述参加急救培训是必要的，并分析了原因。 6. 根据上文“There are numerous reasons why people don’t take First Aid training programs.(人们不参加急救培训课程的原因有很多)”以及后文“Or they think that accidents happen to other people, not to them or their friends, family and colleagues.(或者他们认为事故发生在其他人身上，而不是发生在他们自己或他们的朋友、家人和同事身上)”可知，上文提到人们不参加急救培训项目的原因有很多，接下来举例说明原因，后文Or说明这里列举了两个原因。那么不参加培训应该是因为人们太忙，没有时间，这是其中的一个原因。A项的主语They指代前一句中的people，并且与后一句中的they一致。A选项“他们太忙了”符合语境，故选A。 7. 根据本段内容“Having a basic first aid knowledge means that you’ll be confident in your skills and abilities in relation to first aid administration. By taking first aid training, it helps you to reflect on yourself and how you and others react in certain situations. Having this understanding will boost your confidence in a wide range of non-medical day-to-day situations.(有一个基本的急救知识意味着你将对你的技能和能力在急救管理方面有信心。通过接受急救培训，它可以帮助你反思自己，以及你和其他人在某些情况下的反应。有了这方面的了解，你会在日常的非医疗状况中增强信心)”可知，本段主要讲述具备基本的急救知识意味着对自己在急救管理方面的技能和能力充满信心。D选项“它增加了进行急救的信心”符合语境，故选D。 8. 根据上文“It's true that having first aid training undoubtedly helps save lives.(的确，接受急救训练无疑有助于拯救生命)”以及后文“Giving appropriate first aid immediately can also help to reduce a person's recovery time and make the difference between the patient having a temporary (短暂的) disability and a long term disability.(立即给予适当的急救也可以帮助减少病人的恢复时间，并使患有暂时或长期残疾的患者之间产生差异)”可知，本段主题句是“急救知识不仅有助于拯救生命”，后文则指出立即给予适当的急救也有助于缩短患者的恢复时间，并影响到患者会产生暂时性残疾还是长期残疾。说明本句与上文构成转折，指出有助于拯救生命还不是急救知识的全部。B选项“然而，这还不是全部”符合语境，故选B。 9. 根据上文“Not all accidents, injuries or illnesses require a trip to the hospital but it doesn't mean they don't cause pain and suffering to the patient.(并非所有的事故、受伤或疾病都需要去医院，但这并不意味着它们不会给病人带来痛苦)”以及后文“By knowing how to act-even just by employing simple techniques such as applying an ice pack correctly, you'll help to relieve his discomfort.(只要知道如何行动——哪怕只是运用一些简单的技巧，比如正确使用冰袋，你就能帮助他减轻不适)”可知，本句提到具体的一个需要急救的人。后文his即G项的A child。G选项“一个因为脚踝扭伤而哭泣的孩子是痛苦的”符合语境，故选G。 10. 根据上文“By being able to provide basic care you can stabilize a patient until emergency medical services arrive. You'll learn how to use basic household items as tools to cope with many situations. You'll also be trained in how to collect information and data about what happened and the patients' condition. This information will be passed on to the emergency services, which saves them time.(通过提供基本的护理，你可以在紧急医疗服务到来之前稳定病人的病情。你将学习如何使用基本的家庭用品作为工具来应对许多情况。你还将接受如何收集关于发生了什么和病人情况的信息和数据的培训。这些信息将被传递给紧急服务部门，这就节省了他们的时间)”可知，上文提到你还将接受培训，了解如何收集有关发生事件和患者病情的信息和数据。这些信息将传递给应急服务部门，从而节省他们的时间，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这一行动的意义：你将成为生存链条中有价值的一环。E选项“你将成为生存链条中有价值的一环”符合语境，故选E。 C (24-25高二上·福建龙岩·期中)Why is a compliment (称赞) so powerful? One of the most important things to humans is to feel valued and respected by others, says Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist, who has researched compliments. 11 With that in mind, we asked her to share some of her favorite compliments. “You handled that situation so well.” Bohns recently used her favorite compliment when she saw a server address a difficult situation with a customer at the bar. “I like it so much because you use it in anxious moments where the other person is often unsure of whether they handled a situation OK,” she says. 12 Give your compliments generously. People sometimes worry that they’re going over and will start to sound insincere. That concern is unfounded. “ 13 ” This compliment—one of Bohns’ favorites—works well among romantic partners and close family members. “It’s a beautiful way to stress how their presence turns life into something meaningful, despite boring routines of our everyday lives,” she says. If you’re afraid that giving a compliment like this will feel strange, you’re not alone. 14 If it makes you personally feel like the bar is lowered for you to give a compliment if you write it down, or if you practice saying it out loud or giving your pet cat the compliment first, do that. “Hey, great dress!” Feel free to compliment strangers. In Bohns ’research, students on a college campus were told to approach a stranger of the same gender and compliment them about, for example, their nice shirt. Before heading out, the study participants tended to underestimate their positive effect while overestimating how annoying it would be. Across all contexts, strangers are more likely to be pleased than confused. Plus, who knows? 15 A. Respect is vital when you deliver compliments. B. You make even ordinary moments feel extraordinary. C. One way to overcome this fear is to do a practice run. D. In situations that call for a compliment, don’t hesitate. E. You bring out the best in people when giving a compliment. F. You might make a new friend in addition to making someone’s day. G. She holds that people feel better after giving and receiving a compliment. 【答案】11. G 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. F 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用社会心理学家Vanessa Bohns的研究和观点，来阐述赞美的重要性和如何有效地给予赞美。 11. 根据上文“Why is a compliment (称赞) so powerful? One of the most important things to humans is to feel valued and respected by others, says Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist, who has researched compliments.(为什么赞美如此有力？研究赞美的社会心理学家凡妮莎·博恩斯说，对人类来说，最重要的事情之一就是感受到他人的重视和尊重。)”可知，这里讲赞美可让我们感受到他人的重视和尊重。而G项She holds that people feel better after giving and receiving a compliment.(她认为，人们在给予和接受赞美后会感觉更好。)符合语境，其中She指代上文Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist，且 feel better与上文feel valued and respected by others对应，所以本句有承上作用。故选G项。 12. 根据下文“Give your compliments generously. People sometimes worry that they’re going over and will start to sound insincere. That concern is unfounded.(慷慨地给出你的赞美。人们有时担心它们会过头，听起来会不真诚。这种担忧是没有根据的。)”可知，这里主要讲要慷慨地给出你的赞美，而D项In situations that call for a compliment, don’t hesitate.(在需要赞美的情况下，不要犹豫。)符合语境，don’t hesitate与下文Give your compliments generously对应，所以本句有启下作用。故选D项。 13. 根据下文“This compliment—one of Bohns’ favorites—works well among romantic partners and close family members. ‘It’s a beautiful way to highlight how their presence turns life into something meaningful, despite boring routines of our everyday lives,’ she says.(这是博恩斯最喜欢的赞美之一，在恋人和亲密的家庭成员之间很管用。她说：‘这是一种美丽的方式，突显了他们的存在如何让生活变得有意义，尽管我们的日常生活很无聊。’)”可知，这个赞美适合浪漫伴侣和亲密的家庭成员之间使用，强调对方的存在如何使生活变得有意义，所以B项You make even ordinary moments feel extraordinary.(你让平凡的时刻变得不平凡)符合文意，对下文有总括作用。故选B项。 14. 根据上文“If you’re afraid that giving a compliment like this will feel strange, you’re not alone.(如果你害怕这样的赞美会让你觉得奇怪，那么你并不孤单)”以及下文“If it makes you personally feel like the bar is lowered for you to give a compliment if you write it down, or if you practice saying it out loud or giving your pet cat the compliment first, do that.(如果你把赞美的话写下来，或者你先练习大声说出来，或者先赞美你的宠物猫，这会让你觉得赞美的门槛降低，那就去做吧)”可知，空格需要提供一个克服这种担忧的方法，所以C项One way to overcome this fear is to do a practice run.(克服这种恐惧的一个方法是进行练习)与这个语境非常吻合，它直接回应了前文的担忧，并提供了后文所描述的建议。故选C项。 15. 根据上文“Feel free to compliment strangers. In Bohns ’research, students on a college campus were told to approach a stranger of the same gender and compliment them about, for example, their nice shirt. Before heading out, the study participants tended to underestimate their positive effect while overestimating how annoying it would be. Across all contexts, strangers are more likely to be pleased than confused. Plus, who knows?(你可以随意赞美陌生人。在博恩斯的研究中，大学校园里的学生被要求接近一个同性陌生人并赞美他们——比如，赞美他们漂亮的衬衫。在出发之前，研究参与者往往低估了他们的积极影响，而高估了他们会有多烦人。在所有情况下，陌生人更容易感到高兴而不是困惑。另外，谁知道呢?)”可知，F项You might make a new friend in addition to making someone’s day.(除了让别人开心之外，你还可能交到一个新朋友)与这个语境非常吻合，描述了赞美陌生人可能带来的社交好处，是对前文方法的总结。故选F项。 D It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 16 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator(呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 17 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator(人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation(给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 18 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 19 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 20 A. It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B. That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C. We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D. Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E. Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F. In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G. It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. 【答案】16. B 17. F 18. E 19. G 20. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种创新的医疗设备——脚动呼吸机(NeoBreathe)。 16. 根据上文“It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries.(当得知一个医疗问题在美国已经得到了很大程度的解决，但仍在困扰中低收入国家时，总是令人心碎。)”可知，上文提到在美国已经很大程度上解决了的医疗问题在低收入和中等收入国家仍然是一个问题，因此空处应该提到一个解决这个问题的新发明或方法。下文中的“a device”指代B项中的“the NeoBreathe”。B项：That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe.(这就是为什么了解NeoBreathe鼓舞人心。)符合语境。故选B。 17. 根据下文“When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs.(当新生儿呼吸困难时，一个临床医生把一个呼吸面罩放在婴儿的脸上，而另一个人挤压通气袋，将空气推入婴儿的肺部。)”可知，上文描述在美国处理新生儿呼吸困难这种情况的方式，所以空格处应该是一个引入话题的句子。F项：In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple.(在美国，挽救一个患有出生窒息症的婴儿相对简单。)符合语境。故选F。 18. 根据上文“But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag.(但在印度等人员更为有限的中低收入国家，复苏并非那么简单。个别临床医生通常单独救活婴儿，用一只手做粘颚、抬下巴和靠脖子三个动作，将呼吸面罩封在婴儿嘴巴周围，用另一只手挤压袋子。)”可知，在一些中低收入国家，没有助手的帮助进行复苏这种操作可能会产生不良后果。E项：Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences.(在没有帮助的情况下执行此程序可能会产生不良后果。)符合语境。故选E。 19. 根据上文“They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator.(他们开发了NeoBreathe，一个脚动复苏器。)”和下文“With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently.(有了空闲的手，操作员可以更有效地进行多任务处理。)”可知，空处说明NeoBreathe的优点。下文中的“With the freed hand”和G项中的“It frees one of the operator’s hands”对应。G项：It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation.(它解放了操作人员的一只手，减少了漏风，显著改善了通风。)符合语境。故选G。 20. 根据上文“The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali.(该设备目前在印度的大多数州以及肯尼亚、南非、尼日利亚和马里使用。)”可知，空处承接上文，提出更多的国家计划引入这种技术。D项：Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina.(此外，秘鲁、智利和阿根廷也计划引入这种技术。)符合语境。故选D。 E (24-25高二上·吉林·期中)Tidying your desk, watering your plants or folding laundry — these household chores are hardly the height of hedonism(享乐主义). 21 . Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms that might explain the perfect pleasure of puttering(慢条斯理地做) . They may well encourage you to engage in it more often. Pleasant distractions On the surface level, puttering may be useful because it occupies the mind, so that we give fewer resources to the things that are worrying us. For instance, we may find household tasks can help us focus on the present moment. People completing these small tasks often report a significantly better mood. 22 , as if the immersion(沉浸) in the simple activity had refreshed their minds. 23 Unlike other distracting activities — such as playing computer games or watching trashy TV — puttering also has the advantage of being positive and useful, increasing our “perceived control”. When we feel anxious, a sense of helplessness can heighten the physiological stress response, increasing levels of hormones. Ideally, we would deal directly with the upsetting situation itself. But research suggests we can gain a perception of control from activities that may have little effect on the situation that’s bothering us. Tidy room, focused mind 24 . If your puttering takes the form of organizing and decluttering(清理), you may find that the tidier environment is itself a form of comfort. To summarize, if we see order outside, it helps us to feel a bit less chaotic inside. 25 . A. Being powerful B. A feeling of control C. The benefits do not end there D. We will feel great anxiety in our mind E. This included reduced nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration” F. It is comforting because it makes life easier to manage and more predictable G. Yet we often find ourselves seeking pleasure and comfort in small repetitive tasks 【答案】21. G 22. E 23. B 24. C 25. F 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家务活等简单重复任务如何通过提供心理上的慰藉、增强控制感和整理环境来改善人的心情和减轻压力。 21. 上文“Tidying your desk, watering your plants or folding laundry — these household chores are hardly the height of hedonism (享乐主义).(整理办公桌、浇花或叠衣服——这些家务活并不是享乐主义的最高境界)”说明家务活并不是典型的享乐行为。空处和前文形成转折关系，并且引出下文。G项中的yet为转折连词，“seeking pleasure and comfort in small repetitive tasks”和下文“might explain the perfect pleasure of puttering (慢条斯理地做)”相呼应，说明尽管家务活并不是享乐主义的最高境界，但是人们还是会在这些琐碎的任务中找到乐趣。所以G项“然而，我们经常发现自己在重复的小任务中寻求快乐和安慰”符合语境。故选G。 22. 上文“People completing these small tasks often report a significantly better mood.(完成这些小任务的人通常会报告心情明显好转)”以及下文“as if the immersion (沉浸) in the simple activity had refreshed their minds.(仿佛沉浸在简单的活动中让他们精神焕发)”说明完成家务小任务会让人心情明显好转。空处进一步说明心情变好的具体表现。E项中的“reduced nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration””和上文中的“a significantly better mood”相呼应，也和下文的“refreshed their minds”相呼应，所以E项“这包括减少了紧张感，甚至有一种“灵感”的感觉”符合语境。故选E。 23. 下文“Unlike other distracting activities — such as playing computer games or watching trashy TV— puttering also has the advantage of being positive and useful, increasing our “perceived control”.(不像其他分散注意力的活动——比如玩电脑游戏或看低质量的电视节目——慢条斯理地做事情也有其积极和有用的一面，能增加我们的“感知控制力”)”以及“But research suggests we can gain a perception of control from activities that may have little effect on the situation that’s bothering us.(但研究表明，我们可以从对困扰我们的情况影响不大的活动中获得控制感)”说明与其他分散注意力的活动相比，慢条斯理地做事还具有积极和有用的优势，可以增加我们的“感知控制”。所以B项“控制的感觉”适合作本段的主旨句。故选B。 24. 标题“Tidy room, focused mind(整洁的房间，专注的思维)”以及下文“If your puttering takes the form of organizing and decluttering (清理), you may find that the tidier environment is itself a form of comfort.(如果你的慢条斯理表现为整理和去杂乱，你可能会发现，整洁的环境本身就是一种安慰)”说明整洁的环境能让人专注，而且如果你的慢条斯理表现为整理和去杂乱，整洁的环境本身就是一种安慰。所以空处承上启下，既总结了标题提到的好处，也引出下文中其它的好处。所以C项“好处不仅仅于此”符合语境。故选C。 25. 上文“To summarize, if we see order outside, it helps us to feel a bit less chaotic inside.(总结来说，如果我们看到外界是有序的，这会帮助我们感觉到内心不那么混乱)”说明整洁的外部环境能带来内心的平静。空处顺接前文，进一步说明整洁的外部环境带来的好处。F项“这让人感到安慰，因为它使生活更容易管理且更具可预测性”符合语境，it指代前文中提到的“order outside”。故选F。 话题6：旅游和太空探索5篇 A (24-25高二上·四川成都·期中)Whether you’re heading out for a day trip or a quick weekend getaway (短期休假), we will share some travel tips in this guide to help you make your experience more enjoyable. 1 The best way to travel doesn’t necessarily mean the fastest. Sometimes it means the most enjoyable. Too much consideration on short journeys is not worth it. If you’ve got a preference for a certain means of transport, it’s often worth traveling that way for short distances, even if it ends up taking you a little longer. Study the city you will travel to 2 , like NYC. Others simply aren’t. In Amsterdam, the best way to get about is by bike — whether you use the city’s shared bikes or rent one from your hotel. In Southeast Asia, you’d better rent a scooter (小型摩托车). What works here might not work there. 3 . Try all the available options Maybe you’re not sure about the best means of transport for you. 4 . See what catching the subway is like, try cycling or riding the bus. It’s hard to predict what will be the most convenient. LA has a low-cost public transport network but car-pooling is cheaper, and scooters are the best for getting around West Hollywood. You won’t know until you try them all. Don’t rely on map apps Map apps are useful, but they don’t take into account the possibility of packed subways, queues for taxis and the heat of a train in summer. Besides, they are a bit behind the real traffic time. 5 . — by the time you’ve driven halfway, you might still have another 30 minutes to go. A. Then experience them all B. Some cities are quite walkable C. You can ask the locals for advice D. Think about how you want to travel E. Maybe the map is directing you to a wrong way F. So don’t bother to find the so-called one-size-fits-all answer G. So don’t assume something is a 30-minute drive just because a map app says so 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. F 4. A 5. G 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一篇旅行指南帮助读者在旅行中做出明智的选择并得到更加愉快的体验。 1. 根据下文“The best way to travel doesn’t necessarily mean the fastest. Sometimes it means the most enjoyable. Too much consideration on short journeys is not worth it. If you’ve got a preference for a certain means of transport, it’s often worth traveling that way for short distances, even if it ends up taking you a little longer. (最好的旅行方式不一定是最快的。有时它意味着最愉快的。在短途旅行中考虑太多是不值得的。如果你对某种交通方式有偏好，那么短途旅行通常是值得的，即使它最终会花费你更多的时间。)”可知，本段主要介绍所考虑的旅游方式。所以D选项“Think about how you want to travel (想想你想要怎样旅行)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 2. 根据后句“Others simply aren’t. Others simply aren’t. In Amsterdam, the best way to get about is by bike —whether you use the city’s shared bikes or rent one from your hotel. (其他的则不是。在阿姆斯特丹，最好的出行方式就是骑自行车——不管你是使用城市的共享单车还是从酒店租一辆。)”以及后面提到的不同地方可知，这里提到不同城市的旅游方式。所以B选项“Some cities are quite walkable (有些城市非常适合步行)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 3. 根据前句“What works here might not work there. (在这里有效的方法在那里不一定有效。)”及本段内容可知，不同城市的最佳出行方式不同，答案不能一刀切。所以F选项“So don’t bother to find the so-called one-size-fits-all answer (所以不要费心去寻找所谓的一刀切的答案)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 4. 根据本段小标题“Try all the available options(尝试所有可用的选项)”及下文“Maybe you’re not sure about the best means of transport for you. (也许你不确定哪种交通方式最适合你。)”可知，本段介绍尝试体验不同的交通方式。所以A选项“Then experience them all (那就全部体验一下)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 5. 根据前句“Besides, they are a bit behind the real traffic time. (此外，他们有点落后于真正的交通时间。)”和后句“by the time you’ve driven halfway, you might still have another 30 minutes to go. (当你开到一半的时候，你可能还有30分钟要走。)”可知，交通信息不及时，所以地图应用程序也会有误。所以G选择项“So don’t assume something is a 30-minute drive just because a map app says so (所以，不要仅仅因为地图应用程序这么说，就认为某个地方需要30分钟的车程)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 B (24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中)Standing on a hill at Cliveden Gardens on a sunny winter day, its dark-green lake surrounded by centuries-old trees took my breath away. 6 It’s just a local park near London that I’d never heard of during my eight years living in the UK. As I admired the peaceful garden, it taught me a lesson about the British culture of understatement (低调). “The English landscape is more beautiful because its beauty is understated,” my friend Will said to me later as we walked through an exhibition at Tate Britain. He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside. “This is the landscape I grew up with”, he said. Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests, this scenery doesn’t shout about its beauty. 7 I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London. 8 Indeed, Oxford and Cambridge and the beloved Lake District National Park are some iconic symbols of Britain. But it would be a pity if they miss out on the lesser-known parts of the English landscape. 9 I remember a straight-A classmate once telling me he “survived exams” and another friend from Oxford introducing himself as “studying in the countryside”. This modesty also has its mirror in Chinese culture. I remember my parents’ telling me to work hard but not to exaggerate my achievements. Chinese culture is full of proverbs such as “real gold will shine sooner or later”, to encourage long-term devotion to one’s chosen area of expertise. Experiencing both cultures, I’ve realized that the English and Chinese both express achievements with understatement. 10 It reflects the unspoken charm in both British and Chinese traditions. And it’s an off-the-beaten-path attraction well worth exploration. A. I’ve been impressed by British humor all the time. B. They tend to prefer places with a strong reputation. C. But the more I looked, the more I saw its quiet elegance. D. Cliveden isn’t a famous holiday place where visitors flock. E. Rather, its beauty is reserved for the local community only. F. This mix makes me appreciate the unusual beauty of Cliveden. G. Over the years, I’ve been familiarizing myself with British modesty. 【答案】6. D 7. C 8. B 9. G 10. F 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要描述了Cliveden花园的美丽以及花园带给作者的感悟。 6. 根据上文“Standing on a hill at Cliveden Gardens on a sunny winter day, its dark-green lake surrounded by centuries-old trees took my breath away.(在一个阳光明媚的冬日，站在Cliveden花园的一座小山上，深绿色的湖泊被百年古树环绕，这让我屏息凝神)”和下文“It’s just a local park near London that I’d never heard of during my eight years living in the UK.(它只是伦敦附近的一个当地公园，我在英国生活的八年里从未听说过它)”可知，本句主要说明了上文提到的Cliveden花园的情况，结合后文提到这只是一个公园，并不知名，故D项“Cliveden并不是一个游客云集的著名度假胜地”符合语境，故选D。 7. 根据上文“He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside. ‘This is the landscape I grew up with’, he said. Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests, this scenery doesn’t shout about its beauty.(他指着一幅描绘宁静乡村的画。‘这是我成长的环境，’他说。与大瀑布或野生森林不同，这里的风景并不张扬它的美丽)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明朋友对英国风景的看法，故C选项“但我看得越多，就越能看到它宁静的优雅”描述自己的看法，符合语境，故选C。 8. 根据上文“I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London.(我想知道中国游客是否会去伦敦以外的地方旅游)”以及后文“Indeed, Oxford and Cambridge and the beloved Lake District National Park are some iconic symbols of Britain. But it would be a pity if they miss out on the lesser-known parts of the English landscape.(的确，牛津大学和剑桥大学以及深受人们喜爱的湖区国家公园都是英国的标志性象征。但如果他们错过了英国风景中鲜为人知的部分，那就太遗憾了)”可知，上文提到了中国游客是否会去伦敦以外的地方旅游的疑问，后文则提到了一些著名景点，可知本句是在说明中国游客的旅游特点，故B选项“他们往往更喜欢有良好声誉的地方”符合语境，故选B。 9. 根据下文“I remember a straight-A classmate once telling me he “survived exams” and another friend from Oxford introducing himself as ‘studying in the countryside’. This modesty also has its mirror in Chinese culture.(我记得有一次一个全A的同学告诉我，他‘通过了考试’，另一个牛津的朋友介绍自己是‘在农村学习’。这种谦虚在中国文化中也有反映)”可知，下文提到了牛津的朋友的谦逊，故G选项“这些年来，我已经熟悉了英国人的谦逊”符合语境，故选G。 10. 根据上文“Experiencing both cultures, I’ve realized that the English and Chinese both express achievements with understatement.(经历了这两种文化，我意识到英语和汉语都用低调来表达成就)”以及后文“It reflects the unspoken charm in both British and Chinese traditions. And it’s an off-the-beaten-path attraction well worth exploration.(它反映了中英两国传统中不可言说的魅力。这是一个人迹罕至的景点，非常值得探索)”可知，作者经历了两种文化，且都强调了低调，可知本句承接上文说明文化对作者的影响，后文It指代Cliveden。故F选项“这种混合使我欣赏Cliveden不同寻常的美”符合语境，故选F。 C Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 11 Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 12 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe. 13 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 14 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(胶) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 15 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion(十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused. 【答案】11. D 12. F 13. B 14. E 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。 11. 前文“As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. (随着太空旅行时间的延长，在太空中种植食物将是必要的)”提到在太空中种植食物的必要性，后文“Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. (正因为如此，把长途旅行所需的所有东西都送去，只使用一次就扔掉是不现实的)”提到送上太空的物资不能是一次性的，因此D项“The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. (将任何东西送入太空的成本约为每公斤2.2万美元)”与下文构成因果关系，指出送物资上太空成本高昂，承上启下，后文的this指代选项内容。故选D。 12. 前文“Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. (在太空旅行中，植物有多种用途。他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西)”指出太空中的植物用途很多，可以提供更多新鲜事物，F项“Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. (宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中添加水果和蔬菜)”指出宇航员会喜欢吃到新鲜水果和蔬菜，承接上文，继续阐述太空中植物的用途，符合语境。故选F。 13. 根据后文“Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气留在植物周围。这实际上会杀死它们，所以需要风扇来循环空气。没有重力，根‘不知道’向下生长，叶‘不知道’向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶)”可知，在太空中种植植物面临各种挑战，如氧气的滞留、重力的缺失等；空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与挑战相关；B项“However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. (然而，在太空中种植植物也存在挑战)”指出在太空中种植植物面临挑战，契合段落内容；上一段阐述太空植物的多种用途，B选项与上一段构成转折关系，符合语境。故选B。 14. 前文“Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (没有重力，根‘不知道’向下生长，叶‘不知道’向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶)”指出由于缺乏重力，植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题，因此E项“Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. (专门的容器正在开发，以帮助植物正确生长)”符合语境，指出需要特殊的容器来帮助植物正确生长，承接前文。故选E。 15. 前文“They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. (他们正在努力使植物在太空中生长得更快，在更少的水和光的条件下生长，他们正在寻找使植物更抗病的方法)”提到科学家为了在太空中种植植物，围绕植物本身开展的各种研究，后文“Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. (想象一下，有一天沙漠可能会为当地人提供大量新鲜食物，从而节省运输成本。同样，抗病的植物可以提供重要的食物供应)”提到这些研究应用于地球环境时带来的用处，因此C项“Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. (这些方法可能会在地球上带来改进)”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。 D Does alien life exist? It’s a question many people have tried to answer. 16 AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. AI works by taking in lots of data, then making predictions based on it. The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic(生物性的) or abiotic. 17 To train the AI program, the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials. The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair, bones, teeth, eaves, coal, and chemicals were alive or not.   18 19 “We may be able to find a life-form from another planet.” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC. “If we do find signs of life elsewhere, we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin.” For now, though, the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated. For example, the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3. 5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia. 20 However, others think the rocks just have unusual patterns. The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance over. NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life. Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033. A. People’s answers are various. B. Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin. C. The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate. D. The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life-forms. E. Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples. F. Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI. G. The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil. 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. E 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的方法，即使用人工智能(AI)来寻找外星生命。 16. 根据前文“Does alien life exist? It’s a question many people have tried to answer.(外星生命存在吗？这是一个很多人都试图回答的问题)”以及后文“AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.(人工智能是一种允许计算机从经验中学习并执行通常需要人类智能的任务的程序)”可知，前文讲述外星生命，后文讲述人工智能，所以空处应是提及人工智能和外星生命有关，所以F项“Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.(现在，科学家们发现了一种利用人工智能寻找外星生命的新方法)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故选F项。 17. 根据前文“The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic (生物性的) or abiotic.(研究小组利用人工智能方法分析了不同的材料，并确定了它们是生物还是非生物)”可知，本段主要讲述人工智能在分析材料的运用，所以G项“The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.(人工智能还可以判断生物样本目前是活的还是化石)”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选G项。 18. 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“To train the AI program, the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials. The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair, bones, teeth, eaves, coal, and chemicals were alive or not.(为了训练人工智能程序，研究人员给了它134种生物和非生物材料的数据。然后，该程序利用这些知识来预测人类的头发、骨骼、牙齿、屋檐、煤炭和化学品等是否有生命)”可知，本段讲述研究人员如何训练人工智能，所以C项“The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.(研究人员表示，人工智能的准确率为90%)”说明训练的结果，符合本段主题。故选C项。 19. 位于段首，为本段的中心句，根据后文““We may be able to find a life-form from another planet.” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC.(“我们也许能在另一个星球上找到一种生命形式。”华盛顿卡内基科学研究所的Robert Hazen说)”可知，本段讲述人工智能能帮助探测生命形式，所以D项“The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life-forms.(科学家们还认为，这种人工智能工具可以探测到外星生命形式)”介绍科学家的观点，引出下文，符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选D项。 20. 根据前文“For example, the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3. 5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia.(例如，这个工具可以用来解决科学家们对来自西澳大利亚的35亿年前的岩石的分歧)”以及后文“However, others think the rocks just have unusual patterns.(然而，其他人认为这些岩石只是有不寻常的图案)”可知，此处在举例西澳大利亚的35亿年前的岩石进行说明，所以E项“Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.(一些专家认为这些岩石含有地球上最古老的化石样本)”讲述岩石的研究，承上启下，符合此处主题。故选E项。 E (24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习) Why we forget? Remembering things is an important function of our brain — if we can’t recall how to do something, we can’t survive. If you think about it, there is so much we have to remember — from where we leave our car keys to how we walk. 21 Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things? It maybe because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time. When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later. 22 It is also possible that memories decline over time. If you don’t perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it. This could be because our memory is full,or that our short-term memory is easier to access. 23 Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there? This is called “The Doorway Effect”. This occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about many different things. So, if you have a mind like a sieve(筛子) ,it could be because you have too much on your mind. But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it. 24 That’s when we’re at more risk of getting Alzheimer’s disease. However, forgetting is not always a bad thing! It would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us. 25 A. That’s something worth remembering! B. Maybe it’s no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful. C. But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down. D. If you don’t have these connections, then it can be easier to forget. E. However, it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved. F. We also need some mental relaxation such as listening to some classical music. G. Beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. G 25. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类记忆的工作原理以及为什么会忘记事情，同时也提到了忘记并不总是一件坏事。 21. 上文“Remembering things is an important function of our brain-if we can’t recall how to do something, we can’t survive. If you think about it, there is so much we have to remember — from where we leave our car keys to how we walk.(记忆东西是我们大脑的一个重要功能——如果我们不能回忆起如何做事，我们就无法生存。如果你想一下，我们有很多事情要记住——从我们把车钥匙放在哪里到我们如何走路)”讲述了记忆的重要性以及我们需要记忆的事情之多。B选项“Maybe it’s no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful.(也许我们有时会健忘并不奇怪)”与上文构成转折关系，提出虽然记忆很重要，但有时候我们还是会忘记一些事情，进而引出文章关于“Why we forget?”的讨论，上下文语意衔接自然。故选B项。 22. 上文“When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later.(当我们储存信息时，我们经常会与其他事物建立联系，这有助于我们以后回忆)”讲述了我们如何储存信息并帮助回忆。D选项“If you don’t have these connections, then it can be easier to forget.(如果你没有这些联系，那么就更容易忘记)”与上文构成对比关系，指出如果没有这些联系，我们就更容易忘记信息，句中“these connections”指代上文“connections”，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 23. 下文“Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there? This is called ‘The Doorway Effect’.(你有没有走进一个房间去拿东西，结果到了那里却忘了你想要什么？这被称为‘门口效应’)”举例说明了短期记忆有时也会让我们失望。C选项“But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down.(但有时甚至我们的短期记忆也会让我们失望)”是下文要举例证明的观点，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 24. 上文“But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it.(但我们确实需要通过不断地使用它来保持记忆的敏锐)”讲述了我们需要不断使用记忆来保持其敏锐性。G选项“Beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline.(过了50岁，我们的大脑体积往往会缩小，记忆力开始下降)”承接上文，进一步说明了随着年龄的增长，我们的记忆力会自然下降，因此需要不断使用来保持。同时，该选项也与下文“That’s when we’re at more risk of getting Alzheimer’s disease.(那时我们患阿尔茨海默病的风险更高)”构成因果关系，指出记忆力下降与患阿尔茨海默病的风险增加之间的关联。上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 25. 上文“However, forgetting is not always a bad thing! It would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us.(然而，忘记并不总是一件坏事！如果我们记住周围世界的每一个细节，那就会浪费认知资源)”讲述了忘记的好处，即可以避免浪费认知资源。A选项“That’s something worth remembering!(这是值得记住的！)”总结上文，强调了忘记的好处是值得我们记住的，且该选项能够很好地总结全文。故选A项。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$