专题02 选择性必修第一册 Unit2 Success 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型【知识清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲(北师大版2019）

专题02 选择性必修第一册 Unit2 Success 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型 B1U2重点单词变形 1． adj.坚定的，坚决的→determine v.决心；决定→determination n．决心；决定 2． adj.乐观的，乐观主义的→(反义词)pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 3． adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的→commit v．犯罪；犯错；自杀；承诺→commitment n.投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 4． adj.遵守纪律的→discipline v．处罚；训练，管教；自我控制 n．纪律，风纪；自制力 5． adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地→enthusiasm n．热情 6． adj.有抱负的，有雄心的→ambition n．雄心；野心 7． adj.感激的→appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感激→appreciation n．欣赏；感激 8． n．伤，损害→injure v．损害，伤害→injured adj.受伤的 9． n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的；协作的 10． n．雇员→employ v．雇用→employer n．雇主 11． adv.舒服地，舒适地→comfort v.安慰 n．舒适；安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的，舒适的 12． adj.最后的，最终的→ultimately adv.最后；根本；基本上 13． n．大笔的钱，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 14． n．饥饿，饥荒→hungry adj.饥饿的→hungrily adv.饥饿地 15． adj.有影响力的→influence n．& v．影响 16． vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→devoted adj.热衷于……的；挚爱的；忠诚的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱；关照 17． n．生产；产量→produce v．生产→product n．产品 18． n.冠军称号，冠军地位→champion n．冠军 19． n．出版商→publish v．出版 20． vt.拒绝接受→rejection n．抛弃；拒绝接受 21． adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的→motivate vt.激励→motivation n．激励；动机；积极性→motivated adj.有动机的；目的明确的→(反义词)unmotivated adj.无动机的；不积极的；不主动的 22． vt.& n．限制，限定→limited adj.有限的→(反义词)limitless adj.无限制的；无限的 23． vt.说服；使确信；使信服→convinced adj.确信的；深信的→convincing adj.令人信服的 24. n．极端 adj.极端的→extremely adv.非常，极其；极端地 25. adj.学术的→academy n．学院；研究院；学会；专科院校→academically adv.学术上；学业上 26． adj.戒备的，自卫的→defend v．防御；自卫；保卫→defence n．防御；自卫；保卫 27． adj.自私的，自私自利的→(反义词)selfless adj.无私的→self n．自身，自己 28． adj.无数的，数不尽的→count v．数数 29． vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸→boiling adj.沸腾的；激昂的→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的 30． n．长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．加长 31． adj.正常的，平常的→normally adv.正常地，平常地 B1U2重点词组再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．Yes, that a lot of (有意义). 2．They spend half of their time (凭空想出) ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect... 3．However, there are people who have (放弃) their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. 4．There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which Jason enjoys (照料). 5．He (厌倦) being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing. 6．He made the choice to all his money (捐赠).　 7．They didn't have the chance to learn and (出人头地) in life. 8．Joson Harley decided to (脱离) of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. 9．For more than 50 years, he has his life (致力于) rice production. 10．I was (处于……危险之中) being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with. 11．These are the fears I face as a professional athlete (日常基础上). 12．It (归结为) this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination. 13．From a small girl, I would (留下来) at lunch time just to (获得成功) on class work (而不是) go out and play. 14．That is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm (专心致志于). 15．It's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will you (使与众不同) from your competitors. B1U2重点句型 1. that引导同位语从句 ①(教材P30)There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! 毫无疑问，没有迹象表明杰森是一个富有且成功的人！ ②(人教选必二U3)However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. 然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康状况不佳的真正推手并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。 (1)从属连词that引导同位语从句时，常跟在某些抽象名词(fact、belief、news、doubt、hope、sign、thought、idea、suggestion、problem、possibility、evidence、chance、plan、question等)之后，起补充说明的作用； (2)同位语从句也可以由连接代词who、what、whose、which及连接副词how、when、where、why或从属连词whether来引导。 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/补全句子/句型转换 (1)(外研选必二U6)There is no doubt humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. (2)(译林选必三U2)As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question (其他行星上是否有生命)． (3)Without doubt, you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance. → of the Tang Dynasty in advance.(that引导同位语从句) 2. make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ①(教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.　杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有一点钱就能让他自由。 ②(人教必修二U4)Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. 学习这个国家的历史将使你的访问更加愉快。 “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构： (1)make＋宾语＋n./adj. (2)make＋宾语＋do(被动语态中要加上to) (3)make＋宾语＋done (4)make＋it＋宾语补足语＋to do/doing/从句 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself (hear). (2)He is stubborn, which makes it no use (quarrel) with him about it. (3)你最好提前掌握一些基本的汉语，这样会让你更容易适应在北京的新生活。 You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance, ．(现在分词短语作结果状语)(应用文写作之建议信) 3. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词 ①(教材P36)I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 ②(外研选必一U6)Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”， but the “busiest job in the world”！　本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应该被宣传为“最好的”，而应该是“世界上最繁忙的工作”！ (1)can/could have done表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定，意为“可能已经……”，一般用于疑问句和否定句；could have done还可以用于肯定句，表示“本可以做而未做”；can't/couldn't have done表示“不可能做”； (2)must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定做过”，用于肯定句； (3)may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might have done还可表示“本可以……、本该……”； (4)needn't have done表示“本来不必做而实际上却做了”； (5)ought to/should have done表示“过去本来应该做而实际上却没有做”；oughtn't to/shouldn't have done表示“过去本来不应该做而实际上却做了”。 [应用内化] 用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”填空/完成句子 (1)I can't find my purse. I (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. (2)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it (be) fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (3)I (not take) away your laptop, for I didn't know you want to use it.(应用文写作之道歉信) (4)乔治不可能走得太远，他的咖啡还是热的。 George his coffee is still warm. (5)你本没有必要来；我已经完成了这项工作。 You I have finished the work. 4. “would do...rather than do...”意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……” ①(教材P36)From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play.　当我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。 ②(外研选必二U3)After all, how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call? 毕竟，现在我们中有多少人宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的信息也不愿打电话？ （2）rather than意为“与其；不愿；而不是”，当连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与其前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 [应用内化] 完成句子/一句多译 (1)(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)因此，学生应该抽出更多的时间来阅读英语，而不是看太多电影或听太多音乐。 Therefore, students should spare more time for English reading ． (2)尽管有许多巨大的困难，但我宁愿努力也不愿放弃。 →In spite of many massive difficulties, ． →In spite of many massive difficulties, ． →In spite of many massive difficulties, ． 5. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 ①(教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.　如果你想说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么我都会全力以赴。 ②(人教必修一U5)Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，不论中国人在哪里生活，也不论说何种方言，他们仍然能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后； (2)whatever、whoever、whichever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what、no matter who、no matter which； (3)no matter how或however后接形容词或副词的结构是：no matter how/however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语＋其他。 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(译林选必一U1) I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, cooked low and slow. (2)(人教选必一U3)Whichever and you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you! (3)In fact, it means that if you are really resolved to do something, difficult it might be, never give up. (4)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了无论可能出现什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。 (个人发展与提升) I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance， ．(读后续写之主旨升华) B1U2核心词汇全面攻破 1．average adj.(无比较级)平均的；平庸的；普通的 n．平均；平均数；平均水平；平均标准v.平均为……；计算出……的平均数 (1)an average of　　平均有(后跟数词) on average 平均 above/below average 平均水平以上/以下 up to average 达到一般水准 (2)average out 算出平均数 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①It is said that the time spent on homework by the Chinese students is more than four hours a day average. ②The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the world's highest plateau， (average) over 4，000 metres above sea level. 完成句子 ③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，满分作文)我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师，他中等身材，戴着一副眼镜。 The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher， ． ④(2022·浙江卷1月)在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性参加了自行车运动测试，直到她们感到疲惫。 For the study, 191 women 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out. ⑤所有学生每周有两节体育课，平均每天跑20分钟。(话题写作之文娱活动) All students have two PE classes a week and ． ⑥谈及这次期末考试，有90个同学得了满分，平均每个班级有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。 With reference to the end-of-term examination, there were 90 students getting full marks, 18 students in each class. Tom's mark was while John's was ． 2． committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的　 (1)commit v．　犯(错，罪)；承诺，保证；投入 commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 向某人承诺(做)某事 commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀 (2) be committed to (doing) sth. 全身心地投入(做)某事，致力于(做)某事 (3)commitment n. 投入，花费(常与介词to连用)；献身，奉献；许诺，承诺；忠诚 make a commitment to sb./sth. 对某人/某事做出承诺 carry out one's commitment 履行承诺 make a commitment to (doing) sth. 保证/承诺做某事 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津卷)This requires (commit) to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. ②However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment something larger than our own little egos (自我)． ③Both sides committed themselves to (settle) the dispute peacefully. 补全句子/完成句子 ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)To begin with, focusing on the topics appealing to teenagers, our programme (致力于提高) students' understanding of domestic and international affairs. ⑤(2022·天津卷，书面表达)正如你在短视频中看到的，英语口语俱乐部的成员每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高他们的英语口语。同时，他们保证经常和他们的同学练习英语口语。 As you can see in the short video，the members of spoken English club ，which will improve their spoken English gradually. Meanwhile，they ． ⑥我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，窘得满脸通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写) I ，my face flushing with embarrassment. 3.contribute vi.& vt.增进；捐献；促成　 (1)contribute sth. to ...　　把某物捐献给…… contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 contribute significantly/greatly to 很大程度上导致 (2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to ... 对……作出贡献 (3)contributor n. 捐款人；捐助者；投稿者 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2021·全国乙卷)Besides, making a schedule is a must，for good time management will contribute our efficiency. ②Your (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success. ③Apart from money，people contributed food and clothes the disaster area. 完成句子 ④只有这样我们才能为我们的家庭和社会作出巨大贡献。 Only in this way . (倒装句) ⑤诚实和勤奋是美德，有助于成功和幸福。(应用文写作之安慰信) Honesty and hard work are virtues， . ⑥拥有决心和奉献精神，每个人都可以为社会的发展做出贡献。(读后续写之升华句) With determination and devotion， ． 3． convince vt.说服；使确信　 (1)convince sb. of sth.　使某人信服某事 convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that... 使某人确信…… (2)convinced adj. 确信的，深信的 be convinced of/that... 确信…… (3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①There is (convince) evidence that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing. ②I have convinced David (take) up the challenge and decide to join in the cross-country team. ③Scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. ④From his words，I was entirely of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince) 补全句子/完成句子 ⑤(2021·全国乙卷) (我完全确信) with the tips above we will become smart online learners and get the most value out of our next class. ⑥我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。 and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position. ⑦我已经说服爸爸支持我们沿湄公河骑行的计划。告诉他我们所做的准备之后，我已使他相信我们有能力独自安全旅行。 I to cycle along the Mekong River. After telling him what we have prepared, ． [名师点津]　I'm convinced (that)相当于I'm sure (that)或I believe (that)，都表示“我相信”之意，后面接一个that引起的宾语从句。 4． cooperation n．合作，协作　 (1)in cooperation with　与……合作 (2)cooperate vi. 合作，协作 cooperate with sb. in/on sth. 在……方面与某人合作 (3)cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Public libraries connected by a (cooperate) network benefit readers by sending a needed book to a library branch nearby. ②We would like to see closer (cooperate) between parents and schools. 补全句子/完成句子 ③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)In order to expand sales, he tried to (跟超市和电影院合作). ④我们过去侧重提供援助，现在强调经济合作。 While in the past we stressed aid, ． 5． determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心　 (1)determine on/upon　　　决定 determine to do... 决心做…… be determined by... 由……决定 (2)determined adj. 坚定的；坚决的，果断的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) (3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国乙卷)From then on, I was (determine) to master this fascinating sport. ②He determined facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality. ③He was (determine) to become a top student, so he determined (overcome) more difficulties with courage and (determine)． 完成句子 ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)听了我的话，大卫泪流满面，他转向我，坚定地表达了自己要完成越野跑的决心。 At my words, with tears rolling down his cheeks, David turned to me and ． ⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写之情感描写)作为学校的一名特殊教育老师，我熟悉David所面临的挑战，也为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。 As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and ． 6． devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于　 (1)devote...to...　把……奉献给……；专注于…… devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 (2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to 专心于；致力于 (3)devotion n. 奉献；献身；忠诚 devotion to ... 献身于…… [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ① all his life to educating his students, the old teacher was admired for his to the education cause.(devote) ②I still remember what you have devoted to (improve) my oral English and writing skills. 完成句子 ③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，满分作文)我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，他致力于教学。 The person I admire most is my English teacher ．(定语从句) ④(2022·浙江卷1月)我决定全身心投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则开发科学模型。 while he developed the scientific model. ⑤格林夫人致力于教育聋哑儿童，几乎没有时间照顾自己的女儿。 the deaf children，Mrs. Green has little time to care for her own daughter. ⑥他42岁从商界退休，全身心致力于公共事业。(应用文写作之推荐信) At the age of 42, he retired from business ． [名师点津]　“devote...to...”中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 7． drop out 退学；辍学；退出，脱离　 drop out of (sth.)　　退出(某事) drop off 打盹；小睡；减少；下降；中途下客或卸货 drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人 drop in at sp. 顺便到访某地 drop sb.a line 给某人写封短信 drop back/behind 后退；落后；落在……后面 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop on one of ASL Club's meetings. ②On my way home from work I dropped in my uncle's house. ③Don't drop the others on the trail in case you get lost. ④Her popularity has dropped recently because of that scandal. 完成句子 ⑤据我所知，他有可能辍学去照顾他生病的母亲。 As far as I'm aware, it's likely that he will to attend to his sick mother. ⑥除此之外，你最好带一些小礼物，例如你家乡的土特产。当然，如果你是顺路拜访朋友的话，就没有什么必要了。 Besides, you'd better bring some little gifts, such as local specialties from your country. Of course, ． ⑦她不能在儿子下车的地方找到他。 ⑧长途行军几百公里，没有一个人掉队。 In a long march of several hundred kilometers， ． 8． fashion n．时尚；(衣服、发式等的)流行款式；(行为、活动等的)时兴；时装业　 (1)in fashion　流行的 out of fashion 过时的 come into fashion 开始流行 (2)fashionable adj. 流行的，时兴的，时髦的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The rich man always buys whatever is fashion, regardless of the price of it. ②I believe the new products of our company will come fashion soon. 完成句子 ③那些衣服过时了，并且现在没有人这么穿了。 and nobody wears them now. ④穿着时髦的衣服，她看起来完全不同，像一个电影明星。 she looks totally different, like a movie star. 9． hire v．租用；聘用；雇用 n．租借；租赁；新雇员 　 (1)hire sb. to do sth.　聘请某人做某事 hire out 出租 (2)on hire 出租；雇用 for hire 供出租 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)An actor (hire) by the researchers grabbed her food first. ②Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired (sell) tickets and promote the event. 完成句子 ③根据规定，戏装可向本地剧院租用。 According to the rules, the costumes ． ④约翰自己不需要使用拖拉机时，常把它租给别人。 sometimes when he didn't need it himself. 10． injury n．伤，损害　 (1)do sb. an injury＝do an injury to sb.　伤害某人 (2)injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 the injured 伤员，受伤者 (3)injure vt. 使受伤；损害 injure one's health 损害某人的健康 injure one's feelings 伤害某人的感情 get/be injured in... 伤到…… [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①He lost control of the car, crashed into the truck and got seriously (injure)． ②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer (injury)． ③The (injure)are being sent to hospital after the accident. ④A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles (injure)． 完成句子 ⑤尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。(五育并举之体育) ，he was determined to finish the marathon. ⑥救援队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。 The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows， and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.　 ⑦我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。 I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one， ． 11． make sense解释得通；有意义 common sense　 常识 a sense of humor/direction/responsibility/ connectedness 幽默/方向/责任/联系感 make sense of ... 理解……；弄懂…… make no sense 没意义 in a/one/some sense 从某种/一定意义上来讲 There's no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事(几乎)没有意义。 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The new study focused on whether dogs can make sense human faces. 一句多译/完成句子 ②那个宇航员说的话我听不懂。 What the astronaut said to me. →I couldn't what the astronaut said. ③现在没必要为这件事担忧。 ④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)“对所发生的事情感到后悔是毫无意义的。让我们再试一次。”父亲说。 “ . Let's try again，” said the father. ⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)从某种意义上说，Youth是一个帮助我提高英语水平的好老师。 ，Youth is a good teacher that helps me to improve my English. 12． promote vt.促进，增进；晋升；使升级；宣传，促销　 (1)promote ...as ...　　把……提升为…… promote sb. to sth. 提升/晋升某人到……职位 promote ...from ...to ... 把……从……提升到…… (2)promotion n. 提升，晋升；提拔；促进；推销 get/win/gain promotion 得到晋升 (3)promoter n. 发起者，赞助者 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2023·浙江卷) I (promote)to the position of manager a few months ago. ②While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote), he did his best to perform his duty. ③(2022·全国乙卷)A four-year tea (promote) — Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative. 补全句子/完成句子 ④(2021·浙江卷，应用文之宣传稿) To show the talents of our students and to (推广中国文化), our school is hosting a Chinese painting exhibition this week at the Main Hall. ⑤广告公司总是不得不想出新方法来推销产品。然而，在我看来真正重要的是产品的质量。(议论文之个人观点) Advertising companies are always having to . However, it seems to me that it is the quality of products that really matters. 13． recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的　 (1)recognise vt.　　认出，识别出；承认 recognise sb./one's voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音 be recognised to be/as ... 被认为是…… It is recognised that ... 人们意识到…… recognise ...by/from ... 通过……认出…… (2)recognition n. 承认，认可，认出，辨别出 beyond recognition 辨认不出来 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江卷1月)More importantly, I earned my teammate's (recognise) and we have become good friends since then. ②Huang Danian was recognised one of the world's leading experts who contribute to deep earth exploration technology. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognise) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 完成句子 ④钟南山被公认为中国医学领域最伟大的科学家之一。 Zhong Nanshan one of the greatest scientists in the field of medicine in China. ⑤不要等到别人对你微笑你才对人友善，不要等到寂寞才明白朋友的价值。(应用文写作之日记) Don't wait for a smile to be nice, and . ⑥自从我上次离开这里，这个小城已变得认不出来了。 The town has changed since I was last here. ⑦人们都认为聂海胜是一位自律、敬业的航天员。 Nie Haisheng is a disciplined and committed astronaut. 14． ruin n．毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟 vt.毁掉；糟蹋；毁坏；使破产　 (1)ruin oneself　毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/hope/chance 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/希望/机会 (2)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 fall into ruin 败落 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in (ruin)． ②It rained for one week on end, completely (ruin) our holidays. 完成句子 ③地震过后，整个城市成了一片废墟，使我们彻夜未眠。 after the earthquake, which made us awake all night. ④他犯了一个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。 He made a mistake， his chance of going abroad. [名师点津]　destroy，damage也可以表示毁坏，但程度较轻；do/cause damage to对……造成损害。 B1U2 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 devote，strive，drop out，income，commit，ambitious，convince Tom，who is of average height, is a teacher who is optimistic，persistent，enthusiastic as well as 1. to his job. When he was a student，he was 2. and dreamed of becoming an astronaut. However，as he grew up，he was ultimately determined to become a teacher and 3. himself to teaching，because he appreciated his teacher's commitment to the teaching career. Now，he is a volunteer teacher in a small village，4. more people to have faith in the power of education. Tom has been 5. to achieve his goal，which is influential. Because of his effective teaching style, it is normal for students in the village school to be disciplined and not to 6. of school. All the villagers are appreciative of his devotion for their children's enormous academic progress. With reference to him, we can boil down to the conclusion that Tom is an outstanding and motivating teacher，applying himself to training more useful young people for our country without considering his 7. . He has contributed to many students' getting on in the future. Ⅱ.一词多义无障碍 1．average A．vt.平均为 B．n.平均数　C．adj.普通的 D．adj.平均的 (1)On the whole，the average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. (2)It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. (3)There was nothing special about the presentation—it was only average. (4)Economic growth is expected to average 2% next year. 2．advanced (1)The disease is too far advanced to be treated. (2)There are only three of us on the advanced course. (3)The ancient Egyptians have advanced civilization. 3．skip (1)Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast，meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast. (2)You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class. (3)The bombers skipped the country shortly after the explosion. (4)She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news. 4．host A．n.主办方，东道主 B．n主持人　C．n主人　D．vt.主持节目　E．vt.主办 (1)We thanked our hosts for a very enjoyable evening. (2)Japan is playing host to the next international conference. (3)At the evening party, the host said whoever was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward. (4)Which country is going to host the next World Cup？ (5)An excellent announcer should pronounce every word clearly when hosting a programme. Ⅲ.熟词生义猜的快 1．The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. A．雇用　 B．应用，运用　　 C．忙于 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. A．进入 B．参赛作品 C．出场 3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)But some ecologists and fashion enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠)． A．(做事的)方式 B．时装 C．流行款式 4. (2020·天津卷7月)For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. A．渴望 B．饥荒 C．挨饿 Ⅳ.核心词汇强化练 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute some of these qualities. 2．I found his speech (convince) and he would call on more people to take regular exercise. 3．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a (commit)． 4．Chinese sculpture thus found itself (influence) by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. 5． (determine) to make a breakthrough in his career, he works day and night in the company. 6．Being an outgoing student, I'm easy to get along with and always have a sense of duty and (cooperate)． 7．He is desperate to return to his hometown which has changed beyond (recognise)． 8．As is known to all, breakfast is important and we should avoid (skip) it. 9．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to (ruin), the city takes on a new look now. 10．How can you admit your mistakes if you are afraid of punishment and (reject)? 11． average, Americans report that they sit between four and a half to five hours a day. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 选择性必修第一册 Unit2 Success 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型 B1U2重点单词变形 1．determined adj.坚定的，坚决的→determine v.决心；决定→determination n．决心；决定 2．optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的→(反义词)pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 3．committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的→commit v．犯罪；犯错；自杀；承诺→commitment n.投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 4．disciplined adj.遵守纪律的→discipline v．处罚；训练，管教；自我控制 n．纪律，风纪；自制力 5．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地→enthusiasm n．热情 6．ambitious adj.有抱负的，有雄心的→ambition n．雄心；野心 7．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感激→appreciation n．欣赏；感激 8．injury n．伤，损害→injure v．损害，伤害→injured adj.受伤的 9．cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的；协作的 10．employee n．雇员→employ v．雇用→employer n．雇主 11．comfortably adv.舒服地，舒适地→comfort v.安慰 n．舒适；安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的，舒适的 12．ultimate adj.最后的，最终的→ultimately adv.最后；根本；基本上 13．fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 14．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒→hungry adj.饥饿的→hungrily adv.饥饿地 15．influential adj.有影响力的→influence n．& v．影响 16．devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→devoted adj.热衷于……的；挚爱的；忠诚的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱；关照 17．production n．生产；产量→produce v．生产→product n．产品 18．championship n.冠军称号，冠军地位→champion n．冠军 19．publisher n．出版商→publish v．出版 20．reject vt.拒绝接受→rejection n．抛弃；拒绝接受 21．motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的→motivate vt.激励→motivation n．激励；动机；积极性→motivated adj.有动机的；目的明确的→(反义词)unmotivated adj.无动机的；不积极的；不主动的 22．limit vt.& n．限制，限定→limited adj.有限的→(反义词)limitless adj.无限制的；无限的 23．convince vt.说服；使确信；使信服→convinced adj.确信的；深信的→convincing adj.令人信服的 24. extreme n．极端 adj.极端的→extremely adv.非常，极其；极端地 25. academic adj.学术的→academy n．学院；研究院；学会；专科院校→academically adv.学术上；学业上 26．defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的→defend v．防御；自卫；保卫→defence n．防御；自卫；保卫 27．selfish adj.自私的，自私自利的→(反义词)selfless adj.无私的→self n．自身，自己 28．countless adj.无数的，数不尽的→count v．数数 29．boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸→boiling adj.沸腾的；激昂的→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的 30．length n．长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．加长 31．normal adj.正常的，平常的→normally adv.正常地，平常地 B1U2重点词组再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．Yes, that makes a lot of sense(有意义). 2．They spend half of their time dreaming up(凭空想出) ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect... 3．However, there are people who have turned their backs on(放弃) their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. 4．There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which Jason enjoys taking care of(照料). 5．He was tired of(厌倦) being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing. 6．He made the choice to give all his money away(捐赠).　 7．They didn't have the chance to learn and get on(出人头地) in life. 8．Joson Harley decided to drop out(脱离) of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. 9．For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life to (致力于) rice production. 10．I was in danger of(处于……危险之中) being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with. 11．These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis(日常基础上). 12．It boils down to(归结为) this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination. 13．From a small girl, I would stay in(留下来) at lunch time just to get ahead(获得成功) on class work rather than(而不是) go out and play. 14．That is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to(专心致志于). 15．It's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart(使与众不同) from your competitors. B1U2重点句型 1. that引导同位语从句 ①(教材P30)There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! 毫无疑问，没有迹象表明杰森是一个富有且成功的人！ ②(人教选必二U3)However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. 然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康状况不佳的真正推手并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。 (1)从属连词that引导同位语从句时，常跟在某些抽象名词(fact、belief、news、doubt、hope、sign、thought、idea、suggestion、problem、possibility、evidence、chance、plan、question等)之后，起补充说明的作用； (2)同位语从句也可以由连接代词who、what、whose、which及连接副词how、when、where、why或从属连词whether来引导。 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/补全句子/句型转换 (1)(外研选必二U6)There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. (2)(译林选必三U2)As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question whether there is life on other planets(其他行星上是否有生命)． (3)Without doubt, you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance. →There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.(that引导同位语从句) 2. make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ①(教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.　杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有一点钱就能让他自由。 ②(人教必修二U4)Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. 学习这个国家的历史将使你的访问更加愉快。 “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构： (1)make＋宾语＋n./adj. (2)make＋宾语＋do(被动语态中要加上to) (3)make＋宾语＋done (4)make＋it＋宾语补足语＋to do/doing/从句 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard(hear). (2)He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarreling(quarrel) with him about it. (3)你最好提前掌握一些基本的汉语，这样会让你更容易适应在北京的新生活。 You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance, making it easier for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing．(现在分词短语作结果状语)(应用文写作之建议信) 3. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词 ①(教材P36)I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 ②(外研选必一U6)Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”， but the “busiest job in the world”！　本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应该被宣传为“最好的”，而应该是“世界上最繁忙的工作”！ (1)can/could have done表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定，意为“可能已经……”，一般用于疑问句和否定句；could have done还可以用于肯定句，表示“本可以做而未做”；can't/couldn't have done表示“不可能做”； (2)must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定做过”，用于肯定句； (3)may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might have done还可表示“本可以……、本该……”； (4)needn't have done表示“本来不必做而实际上却做了”； (5)ought to/should have done表示“过去本来应该做而实际上却没有做”；oughtn't to/shouldn't have done表示“过去本来不应该做而实际上却做了”。 [应用内化] 用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”填空/完成句子 (1)I can't find my purse. I could/might have left(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. (2)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been(be) fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (3)I should not have taken(not take) away your laptop, for I didn't know you want to use it.(应用文写作之道歉信) (4)乔治不可能走得太远，他的咖啡还是热的。 George can't have gone too far, his coffee is still warm. (5)你本没有必要来；我已经完成了这项工作。 You needn't have come; I have finished the work. 4. “would do...rather than do...”意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……” ①(教材P36)From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play.　当我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。 ②(外研选必二U3)After all, how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call? 毕竟，现在我们中有多少人宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的信息也不愿打电话？ （2）rather than意为“与其；不愿；而不是”，当连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与其前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 [应用内化] 完成句子/一句多译 (1)(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)因此，学生应该抽出更多的时间来阅读英语，而不是看太多电影或听太多音乐。 Therefore, students should spare more time for English reading rather than watching too many movies or listening to too much music． (2)尽管有许多巨大的困难，但我宁愿努力也不愿放弃。 →In spite of many massive difficulties, I would rather work hard than give up． →In spite of many massive difficulties, I would work hard rather than give up． →In spite of many massive difficulties, I prefer to work hard rather than give up． 5. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 ①(教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.　如果你想说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么我都会全力以赴。 ②(人教必修一U5)Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，不论中国人在哪里生活，也不论说何种方言，他们仍然能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后； (2)whatever、whoever、whichever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what、no matter who、no matter which； (3)no matter how或however后接形容词或副词的结构是：no matter how/however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语＋其他。 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(译林选必一U1)Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, cooked low and slow. (2)(人教选必一U3)Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you! (3)In fact, it means that if you are really resolved to do something, however difficult it might be, never give up. (4)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了无论可能出现什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。 (个人发展与提升) I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance，whatever/no matter what difficulties might arise．(读后续写之主旨升华) B1U2核心词汇全面攻破 1．average adj.(无比较级)平均的；平庸的；普通的 n．平均；平均数；平均水平；平均标准v.平均为……；计算出……的平均数 (1)an average of　　平均有(后跟数词) on average 平均 above/below average 平均水平以上/以下 up to average 达到一般水准 (2)average out 算出平均数 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①It is said that the time spent on homework by the Chinese students is more than four hours a day on average. ②The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the world's highest plateau，averaging(average) over 4，000 metres above sea level. 完成句子 ③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，满分作文)我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师，他中等身材，戴着一副眼镜。 The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher，who is of average height and wears a pair of glasses． ④(2022·浙江卷1月)在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性参加了自行车运动测试，直到她们感到疲惫。 For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out. ⑤所有学生每周有两节体育课，平均每天跑20分钟。(话题写作之文娱活动) All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes every day on average． ⑥谈及这次期末考试，有90个同学得了满分，平均每个班级有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。 With reference to the end-of-term examination, there were 90 students getting full marks, an average of 18 students in each class. Tom's mark was above average while John's was below average． 2． committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的　 (1)commit v．　犯(错，罪)；承诺，保证；投入 commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 向某人承诺(做)某事 commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀 (2) be committed to (doing) sth. 全身心地投入(做)某事，致力于(做)某事 (3)commitment n. 投入，花费(常与介词to连用)；献身，奉献；许诺，承诺；忠诚 make a commitment to sb./sth. 对某人/某事做出承诺 carry out one's commitment 履行承诺 make a commitment to (doing) sth. 保证/承诺做某事 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津卷)This requires commitment (commit) to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. ②However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我)． ③Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle) the dispute peacefully. 补全句子/完成句子 ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)To begin with, focusing on the topics appealing to teenagers, our programme is committed to enhancing (致力于提高) students' understanding of domestic and international affairs. ⑤(2022·天津卷，书面表达)正如你在短视频中看到的，英语口语俱乐部的成员每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高他们的英语口语。同时，他们保证经常和他们的同学练习英语口语。 As you can see in the short video，the members of spoken English club commit one hour to reading English every day，which will improve their spoken English gradually. Meanwhile，they make a commitment to practicing spoken English with their classmates regularly． ⑥我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，窘得满脸通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写) I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people，my face flushing with embarrassment. 3.contribute vi.& vt.增进；捐献；促成　 (1)contribute sth. to ...　　把某物捐献给…… contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 contribute significantly/greatly to 很大程度上导致 (2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to ... 对……作出贡献 (3)contributor n. 捐款人；捐助者；投稿者 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2021·全国乙卷)Besides, making a schedule is a must，for good time management will contribute to our efficiency. ②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success. ③Apart from money，people contributed food and clothes to the disaster area. 完成句子 ④只有这样我们才能为我们的家庭和社会作出巨大贡献。 Only in this way can we make great contributions to our family and our society. (倒装句) ⑤诚实和勤奋是美德，有助于成功和幸福。(应用文写作之安慰信) Honesty and hard work are virtues， which contribute to success and happiness. ⑥拥有决心和奉献精神，每个人都可以为社会的发展做出贡献。(读后续写之升华句) With determination and devotion，everyone can contribute to /make a contribution to the development of society． 3． convince vt.说服；使确信　 (1)convince sb. of sth.　使某人信服某事 convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that... 使某人确信…… (2)convinced adj. 确信的，深信的 be convinced of/that... 确信…… (3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①There is convincing (convince) evidence that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing. ②I have convinced David to take(take) up the challenge and decide to join in the cross-country team. ③Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. ④From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince) 补全句子/完成句子 ⑤(2021·全国乙卷) I am fully convinced that (我完全确信) with the tips above we will become smart online learners and get the most value out of our next class. ⑥我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。 I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position. ⑦我已经说服爸爸支持我们沿湄公河骑行的计划。告诉他我们所做的准备之后，我已使他相信我们有能力独自安全旅行。 I have convinced my father to support our plan to cycle along the Mekong River. After telling him what we have prepared, I have convinced him of our ability to have a safe trip/that we have the ability to have a safe trip by ourselves． [名师点津]　I'm convinced (that)相当于I'm sure (that)或I believe (that)，都表示“我相信”之意，后面接一个that引起的宾语从句。 4． cooperation n．合作，协作　 (1)in cooperation with　与……合作 (2)cooperate vi. 合作，协作 cooperate with sb. in/on sth. 在……方面与某人合作 (3)cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Public libraries connected by a cooperative (cooperate) network benefit readers by sending a needed book to a library branch nearby. ②We would like to see closer cooperation (cooperate) between parents and schools. 补全句子/完成句子 ③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)In order to expand sales, he tried to cooperate with supermarkets and movie theaters (跟超市和电影院合作). ④我们过去侧重提供援助，现在强调经济合作。 While in the past we stressed aid, now we stress economic cooperation． 5． determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心　 (1)determine on/upon　　　决定 determine to do... 决心做…… be determined by... 由……决定 (2)determined adj. 坚定的；坚决的，果断的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) (3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国乙卷)From then on, I was determined(determine) to master this fascinating sport. ②He determined on/upon facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality. ③He was determined(determine) to become a top student, so he determined to overcome(overcome) more difficulties with courage and determination (determine)． 完成句子 ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)听了我的话，大卫泪流满面，他转向我，坚定地表达了自己要完成越野跑的决心。 At my words, with tears rolling down his cheeks, David turned to me and firmly expressed his determination to finish the cross-country run． ⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写之情感描写)作为学校的一名特殊教育老师，我熟悉David所面临的挑战，也为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。 As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination． 6． devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于　 (1)devote...to...　把……奉献给……；专注于…… devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 (2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to 专心于；致力于 (3)devotion n. 奉献；献身；忠诚 devotion to ... 献身于…… [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Devoting all his life to educating his devoted students, the old teacher was admired for his devotion to the education cause.(devote) ②I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and writing skills. 完成句子 ③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，满分作文)我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，他致力于教学。 The person I admire most is my English teacher devoted to his teaching/who devotes himself to his teaching．(定语从句) ④(2022·浙江卷1月)我决定全身心投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则开发科学模型。 I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects, while he developed the scientific model. ⑤格林夫人致力于教育聋哑儿童，几乎没有时间照顾自己的女儿。 Devoted to teaching /Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children，Mrs. Green has little time to care for her own daughter. ⑥他42岁从商界退休，全身心致力于公共事业。(应用文写作之推荐信) At the age of 42, he retired from business to devote his energies to public service． [名师点津]　“devote...to...”中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 7． drop out 退学；辍学；退出，脱离　 drop out of (sth.)　　退出(某事) drop off 打盹；小睡；减少；下降；中途下客或卸货 drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人 drop in at sp. 顺便到访某地 drop sb.a line 给某人写封短信 drop back/behind 后退；落后；落在……后面 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club's meetings. ②On my way home from work I dropped in at my uncle's house. ③Don't drop back/behind the others on the trail in case you get lost. ④Her popularity has dropped off recently because of that scandal. 完成句子 ⑤据我所知，他有可能辍学去照顾他生病的母亲。 As far as I'm aware, it's likely that he will drop out of school to attend to his sick mother. ⑥除此之外，你最好带一些小礼物，例如你家乡的土特产。当然，如果你是顺路拜访朋友的话，就没有什么必要了。 Besides, you'd better bring some little gifts, such as local specialties from your country. Of course, if you drop in on friends, it is not necessary． ⑦她不能在儿子下车的地方找到他。 She couldn't find her son where she had dropped him off. ⑧长途行军几百公里，没有一个人掉队。 In a long march of several hundred kilometers， no one dropped out． 8． fashion n．时尚；(衣服、发式等的)流行款式；(行为、活动等的)时兴；时装业　 (1)in fashion　流行的 out of fashion 过时的 come into fashion 开始流行 (2)fashionable adj. 流行的，时兴的，时髦的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The rich man always buys whatever is in fashion, regardless of the price of it. ②I believe the new products of our company will come into fashion soon. 完成句子 ③那些衣服过时了，并且现在没有人这么穿了。 Those clothes are out of fashion and nobody wears them now. ④穿着时髦的衣服，她看起来完全不同，像一个电影明星。 Dressed in fashionable clothes, she looks totally different, like a movie star. 9． hire v．租用；聘用；雇用 n．租借；租赁；新雇员 　 (1)hire sb. to do sth.　聘请某人做某事 hire out 出租 (2)on hire 出租；雇用 for hire 供出租 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)An actor hired(hire) by the researchers grabbed her food first. ②Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell(sell) tickets and promote the event. 完成句子 ③根据规定，戏装可向本地剧院租用。 According to the rules, the costumes are on hire from the local theatre． ④约翰自己不需要使用拖拉机时，常把它租给别人。 John used to hire out his tractor sometimes when he didn't need it himself. 10． injury n．伤，损害　 (1)do sb. an injury＝do an injury to sb.　伤害某人 (2)injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 the injured 伤员，受伤者 (3)injure vt. 使受伤；损害 injure one's health 损害某人的健康 injure one's feelings 伤害某人的感情 get/be injured in... 伤到…… [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①He lost control of the car, crashed into the truck and got seriously injured(injure)． ②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries(injury)． ③The injured(injure)are being sent to hospital after the accident. ④A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured(injure)． 完成句子 ⑤尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。(五育并举之体育) Though (he got/was) injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon. ⑥救援队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。 The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows， offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.　 ⑦我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。 I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one， I would have been injured． 11． make sense解释得通；有意义 common sense　 常识 a sense of humor/direction/responsibility/ connectedness 幽默/方向/责任/联系感 make sense of ... 理解……；弄懂…… make no sense 没意义 in a/one/some sense 从某种/一定意义上来讲 There's no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事(几乎)没有意义。 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The new study focused on whether dogs can make sense of human faces. 一句多译/完成句子 ②那个宇航员说的话我听不懂。 What the astronaut said couldn't make sense/made no sense to me. →I couldn't make sense of what the astronaut said. ③现在没必要为这件事担忧。 There is no sense in worrying about it now. ④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)“对所发生的事情感到后悔是毫无意义的。让我们再试一次。”父亲说。 “There is no sense in regretting what has happened. Let's try again，” said the father. ⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)从某种意义上说，Youth是一个帮助我提高英语水平的好老师。 In a sense，Youth is a good teacher that helps me to improve my English. 12． promote vt.促进，增进；晋升；使升级；宣传，促销　 (1)promote ...as ...　　把……提升为…… promote sb. to sth. 提升/晋升某人到……职位 promote ...from ...to ... 把……从……提升到…… (2)promotion n. 提升，晋升；提拔；促进；推销 get/win/gain promotion 得到晋升 (3)promoter n. 发起者，赞助者 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2023·浙江卷) I was promoted (promote)to the position of manager a few months ago. ②While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), he did his best to perform his duty. ③(2022·全国乙卷)A four-year tea promotion (promote) — Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative. 补全句子/完成句子 ④(2021·浙江卷，应用文之宣传稿) To show the talents of our students and to promote Chinese culture (推广中国文化), our school is hosting a Chinese painting exhibition this week at the Main Hall. ⑤广告公司总是不得不想出新方法来推销产品。然而，在我看来真正重要的是产品的质量。(议论文之个人观点) Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products. However, it seems to me that it is the quality of products that really matters. 13． recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的　 (1)recognise vt.　　认出，识别出；承认 recognise sb./one's voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音 be recognised to be/as ... 被认为是…… It is recognised that ... 人们意识到…… recognise ...by/from ... 通过……认出…… (2)recognition n. 承认，认可，认出，辨别出 beyond recognition 辨认不出来 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江卷1月)More importantly, I earned my teammate's recognition (recognise) and we have become good friends since then. ②Huang Danian was recognised as one of the world's leading experts who contribute to deep earth exploration technology. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognised(recognise) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 完成句子 ④钟南山被公认为中国医学领域最伟大的科学家之一。 Zhong Nanshan is recognised as one of the greatest scientists in the field of medicine in China. ⑤不要等到别人对你微笑你才对人友善，不要等到寂寞才明白朋友的价值。(应用文写作之日记) Don't wait for a smile to be nice, and don't wait to be lonely to recognise the value of a friend. ⑥自从我上次离开这里，这个小城已变得认不出来了。 The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here. ⑦人们都认为聂海胜是一位自律、敬业的航天员。 It is recognised that Nie Haisheng is a disciplined and committed astronaut. 14． ruin n．毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟 vt.毁掉；糟蹋；毁坏；使破产　 (1)ruin oneself　毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/hope/chance 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/希望/机会 (2)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 fall into ruin 败落 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in ruins(ruin)． ②It rained for one week on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holidays. 完成句子 ③地震过后，整个城市成了一片废墟，使我们彻夜未眠。 The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night. ④他犯了一个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。 He made a mistake，which ruined/ ruining his chance of going abroad. [名师点津]　destroy，damage也可以表示毁坏，但程度较轻；do/cause damage to对……造成损害。 B1U2 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 devote，strive，drop out，income，commit，ambitious，convince Tom，who is of average height, is a teacher who is optimistic，persistent，enthusiastic as well as 1.committed to his job. When he was a student，he was 2.ambitious and dreamed of becoming an astronaut. However，as he grew up，he was ultimately determined to become a teacher and 3.devote himself to teaching，because he appreciated his teacher's commitment to the teaching career. Now，he is a volunteer teacher in a small village，4.convincing more people to have faith in the power of education. Tom has been 5.striving to achieve his goal，which is influential. Because of his effective teaching style, it is normal for students in the village school to be disciplined and not to 6. drop out of school. All the villagers are appreciative of his devotion for their children's enormous academic progress. With reference to him, we can boil down to the conclusion that Tom is an outstanding and motivating teacher，applying himself to training more useful young people for our country without considering his 7.income. He has contributed to many students' getting on in the future. Ⅱ.一词多义无障碍 1．average A．vt.平均为 B．n.平均数　C．adj.普通的 D．adj.平均的 (1)On the whole，the average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.D (2)It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.B (3)There was nothing special about the presentation—it was only average.C (4)Economic growth is expected to average 2% next year.A 2．advanced (1)The disease is too far advanced to be treated.C (2)There are only three of us on the advanced course.B (3)The ancient Egyptians have advanced civilization.A 3．skip (1)Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast，meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast.B (2)You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class.C (3)The bombers skipped the country shortly after the explosion.D (4)She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news.A 4．host A．n.主办方，东道主 B．n主持人　C．n主人　D．vt.主持节目　E．vt.主办 (1)We thanked our hosts for a very enjoyable evening.C (2)Japan is playing host to the next international conference.A (3)At the evening party, the host said whoever was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.B (4)Which country is going to host the next World Cup？E (5)An excellent announcer should pronounce every word clearly when hosting a programme.D Ⅲ.熟词生义猜的快 1．The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.B A．雇用　 B．应用，运用　　 C．忙于 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. B A．进入 B．参赛作品 C．出场 3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)But some ecologists and fashion enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠)．B A．(做事的)方式 B．时装 C．流行款式 4. (2020·天津卷7月)For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.A A．渴望 B．饥荒 C．挨饿 Ⅳ.核心词汇强化练 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities. 2．I found his speech convincing(convince) and he would call on more people to take regular exercise. 3．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment(commit)． 4．Chinese sculpture thus found itself influenced(influence) by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. 5．Determined(determine) to make a breakthrough in his career, he works day and night in the company. 6．Being an outgoing student, I'm easy to get along with and always have a sense of duty and cooperation(cooperate)． 7．He is desperate to return to his hometown which has changed beyond recognition(recognise)． 8．As is known to all, breakfast is important and we should avoid skipping(skip) it. 9．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins(ruin), the city takes on a new look now. 10．How can you admit your mistakes if you are afraid of punishment and rejection(reject)? 11．On average, Americans report that they sit between four and a half to five hours a day. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$