广东省惠州市惠阳区丰湖高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

第 1 页 共 7 页 惠 州 市 惠 阳 区 丰 湖 高 级 中 学 2024-2025学 年 第 一 学 期 高 二 年 级 中 段 考 英 语 试 卷 (满分150分， 考试用时120分钟) 注意事项： 1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息填写在答题卡指定的位置上。 2.回答选择题时,选出每题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动， 先用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷 上无效. 第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分60分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists. Jöns Jacob Berzelius Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist, often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry. He developed a system of chemical symbols, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table. Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry. Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist. He proposed the atomic (原子 的 ) model known as the Bohr model, which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus. His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. Robert Boyle Robert Boyle, born in Ireland, was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry, known for Boyle’s law. Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature. Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods. William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学). Together with his father William Henry Bragg, he developed the famous Bragg’s law. This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances, including DNA and proteins. 1．What do we say about Jöns Jacob Berzelius? A．He invented a new chemical substance. B．He established the modern periodic table. C．He was referred to as a founder of modern physics. D．He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry. 2．Who was born in Ireland? A．Robert Boyle. B．Niels Henrik David Bohr. 第 2 页 共 7 页 C．Jons Jacob Berzelius. D．William Lawrence Bragg. 3．What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common? A．They were born in Denmark. B．They made a contribution to physics. C．They discovered new models for chemistry. D．They did research together with their family. B John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, and he and his father reached an agreement, and von Neumann went to study chemistry. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D．in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1930, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and in 1933 he became one of the 6 full-time professors in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others). World War Ⅱ (1931 — 1945) hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. After 1940, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in machines and made several fundamental computing contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died of cancer in 1957. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Von Neumann really is a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” 4．What did von Neumann’s father believe according to the text? A．A mathematician needed a good memory. B．A mathematician couldn’t earn a lot of money. C．Von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time. D．Von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed. 5．When did von Neumann publish his first book? A．At the age of 25. B．At the age of 26. C．At the age of 29. D．At the age of 32. 6．What does the underlined word “firm” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Weak. B．Small. C．Famous. D．Strong. 7．Which of the following can best describe John von Neumann according to the last paragraph? A．Calm. B．Brave. C．Humorous. D．Intelligent. 第 3 页 共 7 页 C There are plenty of health benefits of spending time in the great outdoors. According to a study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research, people who grew up with access to nature may have better mental health as adults than those who did not. To test their hypothesis (假设), researchers sent questionnaires to 3, 585 adults aged 18 to 75 in four European cities on topics such as how often they visited natural spaces as children and now as adults. Participants were also given psychological test to determine the state of their mental health in the last month. Adults with low levels of nature exposure during childhood saw “significantly worse” mental health issues and did not view natural spaces as much importance in adulthood as those who spent more time growing up outside. Researchers say that their findings show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces as it relates to developing an appreciation of nature and healthy psychological state in adulthood. This is particularly significant, because almost three-quarters of Europeans currently live in urban areas with little access to green spaces. That number is expected to increase to 80 percent in the next three decades. Mental health has been shown to be negatively influenced by urban environments due to exposure to noise, crowds and a lack of green spaces among other things. Children who lead inactive lifestyles are more likely to have a lower quality of life and physical health. “Many children in Europe lead an indoor lifestyle, so it would be desirable to make natural outdoor environments available, attractive and safe for them to play in,” said study author Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of ISGlobal’s Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative. “We make a call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children and green schoolyards.” 8．What inspiration do researchers take from their findings ? A．The health of children’s psychology. B．The state of children’s mental health. C．The development of nature appreciation. D．The importance of childhood exposure to nature. 9．What can we infer from Paragraph 4 ? A．Europeans lack access to natural spaces. B．Europeans prefer an inactive lifestyle. C．European Children are in good physical health. D．European Children probably suffer lower quality of life. 10．What in the future is the study most likely to influence according to the last paragraph? A．Urban planning. B．Economic policies. C．Child education. D．Local tourism. 11．What can be the best title for the text? A．Indoor Activities Are Good for Children’s Growth B．Living in Urban Areas Harms Psychological Health C．Childhood Exposure to Nature Benefits Mental Health D．An Inactive Lifestyle Means a Lower Quality of Life 第 4 页 共 7 页 D Robots did not write this sentence, or any other part of Nature. But that could change. Dramatic shifts in labor are reshaping society, the environment and the political landscape. Consider this disorienting estimate from the World Economic Forum: 65% of the children entering primary schools now will grow up to work in jobs that do not yet exist. This week, Nature asks, “What light is research shedding on the future of work, and how will the changes affect scientists’ working world?” A news feature explores which jobs are most at risk of being replaced by artificial intelligence and machine learning, whether a gig economy（零工经济）will democratize(普及 ) work, and what programs will best prepare workers. “There's a huge need and a huge opportunity to study the changes,” says economist Erik Brynjolfsson. And the scientific workforce is feeling these shifts. A career feature reports people doing research outside the traditional career path. “I love freedom,” says Cecile Menard, an independent land-surface modeller in Edinburgh, the UK, “but for other people, it may be too stressful.” Important lessons can be drawn from the past. Economic historian Robert Allen synthesizes (综合 ) three centuries of data to see when and where the relationship between wages and productivity is most like today’s and finds that some regions are in uncharted (未标注的) waters. These changes call for new socio-economic models and a revolution in education, concludes historian Yuval Noah Harari. And economist Ian Goldin argues that our era has more parallels with the Renaissance than the Industrial Revolution, This time, he urges, knowledge and enquiry must find a way to conquer prejudice and ignorance. 12．According to the estimate of the World Economic Forum, _______. A．65% of the children will find new jobs B．some new jobs will appear in the future C．robots will replace humans in the future D．future jobs will remain the same as the present ones 13．What’s Cecile Menard’s attitude to the changes in future work? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Indifferent. 14．How does the author organize the last paragraph? A．By making comparison. B．By offering some examples. C．By listing some important data. D．By analyzing the cause and effect. 15．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to Work Well B．The Past of Work C．The Benefit of Work D．The Future of Work 第二节 (共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项 中有两项为多余选项。 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. 16 第 5 页 共 7 页 Curiosity. 17 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. Patience. Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. 18 If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical (道德的) qualities. In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. 19 Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. 20 An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. He / She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed, and he / she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him / her with colleagues working on similar projects where he / she may discover something new. A．Working time. B．Working habits. C．An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. D．Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. E．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. F．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. G．You still have much scientific research to do even if you received education on science. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分70分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。 Dennis Hong designs and makes human-like robots. Robots, Hong notes, are intelligent machines that do the work humans are often unable or 21 to do. When he was seven years old, he was 22 by two robots in a movie. On the way back home in the car, he told his parents that he was going to become a(n) 23 . As Hong became older, he started to 24 what engineering actually is. When he was in elementary school, he 25 math. He got all A’s in science, but his math result was really 26 . His father told him that engineers solve problems in the world by using science as a 27 and mathematics as a language. Even though he disliked math, he realized that he had to study it harder to follow his 28 of becoming an engineer. Hong thinks 29 come from everywhere and at any time. His three-legged robot STriDER is a fantastic 30 . Once, he saw an elderly lady dealing with her 31 . She had three strands (股 ) of it, and then put one 第 6 页 共 7 页 strand through the other two. 32 , the hair started to look like legs for Hong. He 33 designing STriDER after braided hair. Hong said that people on social media are eager to see his successes, not the 34 that came before them. However, if the robot doesn’t fall or 35 , he doesn’t get to learn anything. 21．A．unwilling B．unlucky C．confident D．free 22．A．protected B．impressed C．comforted D．supported 23．A．engineer B．astronaut C．hairdresser D．teacher 24．A．change B．doubt C．remember D．learn 25．A．enjoyed B．understood C．ignored D．chose 26．A．familiar B．perfect C．unsatisfactory D．irregular 27．A．secret B．tool C．belief D．goal 28．A．dream B．order C．question D．recommendation 29．A．truths B．responsibilities C．principles D．ideas 30．A．image B．sign C．example D．wish 31．A．rope B．cloth C．sweater D．hair 32．A．Absolutely B．Suddenly C．Originally D．Exactly 33．A．gave up B．ended up C．kept on D．put off 34．A．arguments B．adventures C．failures D．performances 35．A．break B．protest C．hesitate D．disappear 第二节(共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分) 语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Northwest China’s Gansu Province lies Zhangye National Geopark, 36 is blessed with a splendid Danxia landform area 37 (cover) about 1,289 square kilometers. The Danxia landforms are a masterpiece of nature. The colorful mountain ridges are just like an overturned palette(调色板 ) from heaven. Bands of fiery red, creamy orange, rich green and bright yellow streak across the mountain, forming what is known 38 the most beautiful rainbow mountain. The incredible landscapes 39 (create) by sandstone and minerals years ago due to tectonic(地壳构造上的) plate movements. Wind, rain, and time then carved the rock formations and rolling hills into 40 (vary) shapes, including towers, pillars and valleys. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010 and a national geopark in 2011, the landform has become a top tourist 41 (attract). The park features 42 series of boardwalks that allow visitors 43 (walk) around the colorful sandstone landscapes. There are viewing platforms 44 (special) designed, enabling tourists to get close to the hills and feast their eyes on the magnificent sights without damaging the fragile ecosystem. Shuttle bus service is available, making 45 easy for tourists to get around the park. 第三节 请用括号内单词的适当形式填空。(共 6 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 12 分 ) 46. As you have a ____________ (prefer) for traditional Chinese culture, your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us. 47. Based on ____________ (science) research, the report is reliable and convincing. 第 7 页 共 7 页 48. Look at these little kittens. Are they ____________ (adore)? 49. So far this idea has met little ____________ (resist). 50. I must ____________ (apology) for missing our appointment yesterday. 51. Seeing that Jane is doing her homework, her mother left the study slowly and ____________ (gentle). 第四节 阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入 其适当形式。 (共 7 小题：每小题 2 分, 满分 14 分) take up a position live off appeal to in this sense keep in touch with commit oneself to as a matter of fact 52. It's a movie that will ____________ (吸引) the young. 53. ____________ (事实上), no one can win all the time. 54. They find it hard to ____________ (依靠…生活) the money they make. 55. I have ____________ (承诺) accepting her invitation and cannot draw back. 56. ____________ (从这种意义上来讲), travel enriches our knowledge and broadens our mind. 57. He left the career in teaching and ____________ (任职) in an export company. 58.It’s not easy to ____________ (与…保持联系) friends when they are far away, however, they are always on my mind. 第五节 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。(共 7 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 14 分) 59. China, __________ was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 60. Just __________ the old saying goes, “Each coin has two sides.” 61. I am grateful to my teacher, __________ encouragement and support helped me discover my potential. 62. We will always remember the moment, __________ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. 63. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of __________ recovered. 64. __________ (have) breakfast can help you concentrate in class and study more efficiently. 65. Of course, __________ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends can have a great effect on our spirits. 第三部分 写作(满分20分) 近日，你们班就“学校每天清晨开展冬季跑操活动”进行了一次讨论，请根据以下 内容，给学校英文报编辑写一篇短文。 （1）64%的学生支持，他们认为跑操可以增强体质，激励精神。 （2）近三分之一的学生持反对观点，认为天气寒冷，学业繁重，没必要非得坚 持。 （3）你的看法。 注意：（1）词数80左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：跑操活动：Jogging Activity 答案第 1页，共 1页 惠 州 市 惠 阳 区 丰 湖 高 级 中 学 2024-2025学 年 第 一 学 期 高 二 年 级 中 段 考 英 语 参考答案 （满分 150 分） 第一部分 阅读(共两节,共 20小题;每小题 3分,满分 60分) 1-5： DABBC 6-10: DCDAA 11-15: CBCBD 16-20:DCGFB 第二部分 语言运用(共五节，满分 70分) 第一节(共 15小题;每小题 1分，满分 15分) 21-25: ABADC 26-30: CBADC 31-35: DBBCA 第二节(共 10小题：每小题 1. 5分, 满分 15分) 36．which 37．covering 38．as 39．were created 40．various/varied 41．attraction 42．a 43．to walk 44．specially 45．it 第三节 请用括号内单词的适当形式填空。(共 6 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 12 分) 46. preference 47. scientific 48. adorable 49. resistance 50. apologize/apologise 51. gently 第四节 阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入 其适当形式。 (共 7 小题：每小题 2 分, 满分 14 分) 52. appeal to 53. As a matter of fact 54. live off 55. committed myself to 56. In this sense 57. took up a position 58. keep in touch with 第五节 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (共 7 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 14 分) 59. which 60. as 61. whose 62. when 63. whom 64. Having 65. enjoying 第三部分 写作(满分 20分) 【参考范文】 Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school. Views are divided on this topic. 64% of the students think it’s a good idea to participate in this activity, believing that it can inspire our desire to study as well as assuring our physical health. Oppositely, nearly one third are against it owing to the cold weather and heavy schoolwork. As far as I’m concerned, this activity should be carried out, because it’s an ideal way to relieve stress and give us the power to defend us against tension and anxiety.