专题5 不定式作定语和结果状语【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

动词不定式作定语和结果状语 语法精讲: 一、动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。 Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。 2．不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 We must find a person to do the job.(主谓关系) 我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。 We need someone to go and get a doctor.(主谓关系) 我们需要有人去请医生。 I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.(动宾关系) 我通常有很多会议要参加。 She is a nice person to work with.(动宾关系) 她是一个很好的合作伙伴。 [易错精点]　 动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on. 因为房间里很拥挤，我需要一条高板凳站上去。 He wanted to find a new house to live in. 他想找一所新房子住。 3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这个主意的人。 4．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity，desire，determination，decision等。 They failed in their attempt to reach there before five o'clock. 他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里，但失败了。 But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。 I'm not such a fool as to believe that. 我不至于蠢到相信那种事。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit. 她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。 She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。 [易错精点]　 too...to...结构并不一定表示“太……而不能”否定之意。表示肯定意义时与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。 I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 考试及格我太高兴了。 语法精练: 单项选择 1．The play __________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A．staged B．being staged C．to be staged D．having been staged 2．Mo Yan, the Chinese novelist born to a family of farmers, is the first Chinese citizen ________ the Nobel prize for literature. A．wins B．won C．to win D．being won 3．The way Della thought of ________ enough money was to sell her beautiful hair. A．got B．to be got C．to get D．getting 4．That is the only way we can think of _________ the overuse of water in students' bathroom. A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．being reduced 5．I joined a small organization and began my journey _______ Beijing hutong. A．to explore B．explored C．exploring D．explores 6．After school, we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only _______ that it was being painted. A．found B．finding C．to find D．had found 7．The chapel _______ next year will attract lots of visitors. A．to build B．built C．to be built D．building 8．Only when she received the invitation to kiss birthday party______ the old dress out of the wardrobe and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit. A．she has taken; to be found B．did she take; to find C．she had taken; finding D．had she taken; to find 9．We arrived at the stadium, only______ that the game had been canceled . A．to finding B．to find C．found D．finding 10．Bill Gates is the first ______ software for personal computers, isn’t he? A．developed B．develops C．developing D．to develop 11．Does the way you thought of ______ the water clean make any sense? A．making B．to make C．made D．make 12．I reached the station only _________ that my train had already left. A．to find B．found C．finding D．find 13．Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream space. A．to explore B．exploring C．explored D．to be explored 14．The way 　　　the classroom clean and tidy proves to be very good. A．keeps B．keeping C．kept D．to keep 15．Charlie returned after the war, only ________ that his wife had left him. A．to tell B．told C．being told D．to be told 16．Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 17．She immediately became the first woman ever ______ as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. A．to be hired B．hiring C．hired D．hire 18．The airport ______ next year will help promote the business in this area. A．being completed B．to be completed C．having been completed D．to complete 19．Yang Liwei was the first Chinese Astronaut ________ into space in Shenzhou V in October 2003. A．to travel B．have travelled C．travelling D．had travelled 20．With a strong desire ______ a new skill, she aims to dedicate her time and effort to learning how to play the guitar within the upcoming year. A．to have master B．to master C．mastering D．being mastered 21．Columbus was the first ____the New Continent. A．discovered B．discovering C．to discover D．having discovered 22．It is interesting enough________ millions of people. A．to attract B．attracting C．when attracting D．when to attract 23．All of you have the chance_________ to a key university. A．to admit B．admitted C．admitting D．to be admitted 24．Mary, please bring your friend a chair ______. A．to seat B．to sit on C．to sitting D．to seat on 25．He wanted to find a house for his whole family ______. A．to live on B．to live with C．to live D．to live in 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 语法精讲: 一、动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。 Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。 2．不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 We must find a person to do the job.(主谓关系) 我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。 We need someone to go and get a doctor.(主谓关系) 我们需要有人去请医生。 I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.(动宾关系) 我通常有很多会议要参加。 She is a nice person to work with.(动宾关系) 她是一个很好的合作伙伴。 [易错精点]　 动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on. 因为房间里很拥挤，我需要一条高板凳站上去。 He wanted to find a new house to live in. 他想找一所新房子住。 3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这个主意的人。 4．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity，desire，determination，decision等。 They failed in their attempt to reach there before five o'clock. 他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里，但失败了。 But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。 I'm not such a fool as to believe that. 我不至于蠢到相信那种事。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit. 她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。 She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。 [易错精点]　 too...to...结构并不一定表示“太……而不能”否定之意。表示肯定意义时与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。 I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 考试及格我太高兴了。 语法精练: 单项选择 1．The play __________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A．staged B．being staged C．to be staged D．having been staged 【答案】C 【详解】考查。句意：下个月上映的这部戏主要是为了反映当地文化。分析句子成分可知，谓语为“aims”，空处作主语“The play”的定语，根据句意“下个月上映的这部戏”可知，应用动词不定式的被动语态作定语，表将来和被动，含义为“将会被……”。故选C项。 2．Mo Yan, the Chinese novelist born to a family of farmers, is the first Chinese citizen ________ the Nobel prize for literature. A．wins B．won C．to win D．being won 【答案】C 【详解】考查不定式。句意：莫言，出生在一个农民家庭的中国小说家，是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国公民。Chinese citizen前有序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故选C。 3．The way Della thought of ________ enough money was to sell her beautiful hair. A．got B．to be got C．to get D．getting 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：德拉为了挣足够多的钱，想到了一个办法：卖掉自己的秀发。本题考查“the way to do sth.”的结构，意为“做某事的方法”，动词不定式作定语。而“Della thought of”是修饰the way的定语从句。故选C。 4．That is the only way we can think of _________ the overuse of water in students' bathroom. A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．being reduced 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是我们能想到的减少学生浴室用水过度的唯一方法。“we can think of”是“the only way”的省略that的定语从句，所以真正的结构是the way to do sth，做某事的方式，所以选项B是符合语法的。故选B项。 5．I joined a small organization and began my journey _______ Beijing hutong. A．to explore B．explored C．exploring D．explores 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我加入了一个小组织，并开始探索北京胡同之旅。句中began为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。explore意为“探索”，此处表示“去探索北京胡同”，故使用不定式结构作后置定语。故选A。 6．After school, we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only _______ that it was being painted. A．found B．finding C．to find D．had found 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，却发现它正在被粉刷。此处为only to do sth.，不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料打的结果。故选C。 7．The chapel _______ next year will attract lots of visitors. A．to build B．built C．to be built D．building 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明年要建的小教堂将吸引许多游客。此处build与chapel构成被动关系，根据后文next year可知表示将要发生应用不定式的被动形式to be done作定语。故选C。 8．Only when she received the invitation to kiss birthday party______ the old dress out of the wardrobe and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit. A．she has taken; to be found B．did she take; to find C．she had taken; finding D．had she taken; to find 【答案】B 【详解】考查倒装句和动词不定式。句意：直到收到生日派对的邀请，她才从衣橱里拿出那件旧衣服试穿，却发现不合身。“Only+when从句”位于句首，主句部分要使用部分倒装的语序，根据received可知，主语为一般过去时，则为“did she take”；“only to do” 的意思是“不料(却)……，结果(却)……”，表示一个没有料到的结果，故选B。 9．We arrived at the stadium, only______ that the game had been canceled . A．to finding B．to find C．found D．finding 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们到达体育场，却发现比赛被取消了。此处表示出乎意料的结果，应用only to do sth.，不定式作结果状语。故选B。 10．Bill Gates is the first ______ software for personal computers, isn’t he? A．developed B．develops C．developing D．to develop 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：比尔·盖茨是第一个为个人电脑开发软件的人，不是吗？序数词之后常用不定式作定语，且the first“第一个（人）”与develop为逻辑上的主动关系，用develop的不定式的主动形式，作后置定语，修饰the first。故选D。 11．Does the way you thought of ______ the water clean make any sense? A．making B．to make C．made D．make 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：你想的让水变干净的方法行得通吗？分析句子可知，本句中you thought of 为定语从句，省略了关系词，所以这里考查the way to do sth表“做某事的方法”，其中不定式作定语，修饰前面名词way。故选B项。 12．I reached the station only _________ that my train had already left. A．to find B．found C．finding D．find 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我到了车站，却发现火车已经开走了。此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，结合句意和only可知，此处使用固定结构“only to do sth.”表示意料之外的结果，且find与逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，所以使用动词不定式形式to find。故选A项。 13．Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream space. A．to explore B．exploring C．explored D．to be explored 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。分析句子可知，这里用不定式作后置定语，修饰前面名词dream。故选A项。 14．The way 　　　the classroom clean and tidy proves to be very good. A．keeps B．keeping C．kept D．to keep 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：保持教室干净整洁的方法证明是非常好的。根据句子谓语动词proves可知，空处应用非谓语形式，the way to do sth.指“做某事的方法”，空处应用keep的不定式形式to keep作后置定语，修饰名词way。故选D。 15．Charlie returned after the war, only ________ that his wife had left him. A．to tell B．told C．being told D．to be told 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：查理战后回来，却被告知他的妻子离开了他。此处应为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意以及空前的only可知，此处应为固定句型“only to do sth.”表示意料之外的结果，所以使用动词不定式形式作状语，tell与逻辑主语Charlie之间为被动关系，所以此处使用不定式的被动式。故选D项。 16．Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：史密斯先生正在寻找一间足够大的教室，可以容纳所有的学生。“形容词/副词+enough to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“……足够……做……”，用不定式作结果状语，同时hold与逻辑主语a classroom之间是主动关系，用主动式to hold。故选B项。 17．She immediately became the first woman ever ______ as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. A．to be hired B．hiring C．hired D．hire 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她立即成为第一位被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。名词被序数词修饰，后面用不定式作定语，woman和employ是被动关系，用不定式的被动形式，be hired…as…意为“被雇佣为”。故选A。 18．The airport ______ next year will help promote the business in this area. A．being completed B．to be completed C．having been completed D．to complete 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：将于明年完工的机场将有助于促进该地区的商业发展。句中谓语是will help，空格处用非谓语动词，作后置定语，由next year可知，空格处用不定式表将来，机场是被建，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be completed，故选B。 19．Yang Liwei was the first Chinese Astronaut ________ into space in Shenzhou V in October 2003. A．to travel B．have travelled C．travelling D．had travelled 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杨利伟是2003年10月乘坐神舟五号进入太空的第一位中国宇航员。根据“the first”可知，能和序数词构成搭配的是to do，即当名词前有序数词修饰时，应用不定式作后置定语，故选A项。 20．With a strong desire ______ a new skill, she aims to dedicate her time and effort to learning how to play the guitar within the upcoming year. A．to have master B．to master C．mastering D．being mastered 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：怀着掌握一门新技能的强烈愿望，她计划在即将到来的一年里花时间和精力学习如何弹吉他。设空处修饰名词，此处表目的，应用不定式作后置定语。故选B项。 21．Columbus was the first ____the New Continent. A．discovered B．discovering C．to discover D．having discovered 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦布是第一个发现新大陆的人。表语被序数词修饰，或是序数词时，其后常用不定式作后置定语。故选C。 22．It is interesting enough________ millions of people. A．to attract B．attracting C．when attracting D．when to attract 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：它很有趣，足以吸引数百万人。此句为固定句型“be+形容词+enough+to do sth.”意为“……足以做某事”，设空处填动词不定式作结果状语。故选A项。 23．All of you have the chance_________ to a key university. A．to admit B．admitted C．admitting D．to be admitted 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你们所有人都有机会被重点大学录取。名词chance后跟不定式作后置定语，且admit与All of you构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故选D。 24．Mary, please bring your friend a chair ______. A．to seat B．to sit on C．to sitting D．to seat on 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽，请给你的朋友拿一把椅子坐。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词不定式作后置定语；seat常与人搭配，故排除AD；sit是不及物动词，表示“坐在椅子上”sit on the/a chair；故此处用to sit on作后置定语。故选B。 25．He wanted to find a house for his whole family ______. A．to live on B．to live with C．to live D．to live in 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他想找一所房子供全家居住。分析句子结构并结合选项，空处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰a house。根据句意，这里表示“一所供全家人住进去的房子”，live in a house意为“住在房子里”，所以这里应用to live in。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$