内容正文:
专题十二
动词的时态和语态
语法知识理重点
主语+am/is/are
般现在时
主语+动词原形动词的单三形式
主语+was/were
一般过去时
主语+动词的过去式
主语+wil/shal+动词原形
主语+beam/is/are)going to.+动词原形
动词的时态
一般将来时
主语+be about to-+动词原形
主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词
现在进行时
主语+am/Ms/are+动词的现在分词
过去进行时
主语+was/were.+动词的现在分词
现在完成时
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
动词的时态
和语态
般现在时:am/is/are+done
般过去时:was/were+done
被动语态的构成
般将来时:wil/shal/be going to+be+done
现在完成时:have/has been+done
含情态动词:情态动词+be+done
被动语态的用法
动词的语态
主动语态变被动语态的方法
常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动形式表被动意义的情况
重点语法分点过
考点刀动词的时态
续表
一般现在时
用法
例句
构成:主语+am/is/are;
表示客观事实、普遍真理
主语+动词原形/动词的单三形式
或自然现象(表示客观事
标志词:always,usually,ofen,sometimes,seldom,
Shanghai lies in the east of
实的句子作宾语从句时,
never,hardly,once a year,twice a month,
China.上海位于中国
从句的时态可以不受主
in the morning,on Sundays,at weekends,
东部。
句时态的影响,从句始终
every day/,year等
用一般现在时)
用法
例句
if,unless,when,once,
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,
表示现阶段经常性、习惯I often drink milk in the
as soon as等引导的条件和
we'll go to the park.如果明
morning..我经常在早
时间状语从句中,用一般
性的动作或存在的状态,
天不下雨,我们就去
现在时表示将来(主将从
常与频度副词连用
上喝牛奶。
公园。
现)
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续表
用法
例句
用法
例句
“wil/shall+动词原
表示按计划或安排好的
The train leaves at 8:15
形”表示客观上势必将
将要发生的动作,用一般
tomorrow morning.火车
要发生的事情,或临时
I'll go and see her next
现在时表示将来,但仅限
明天早上8点15分
作出的打算。shall用
Friday.我下周五去看她。
于
start,begin,leave,
发车。
于第一人称,wl可以
go,come,arrive等词
用于各种人称
一般过去时
“be going to+动词原
构成:主语+was/were;
形”表示主观计划、打
The event is going to be
主语+动词的过去式
算做某事,也可表示已
held next month.这项活动
标志词:three days ago,.last week,yesterday,just
决定的或有某种迹象
将在下个月举行。
now,in the past,at the age of...,once
表明要发生的事情
upon a time等
be doing表示将来,常
用法
例句
用这种结构的动词有
We are leaving for Paris
表示过去某个时间里
He left for Beijing yesterday
go,come,leave,stay,
tomorrow.我们明天将要出
发生的动作或存在的
start,arrive,begin等,
momning.他昨天早上动身去
发去巴黎。
表示即将发生或安排
状态
了北京。
好要做的事情
表示过去某一段时间
She often helped me with my
“beto+动词原形”表
When are they to hand in
内经常性或习惯性的
English.她经常帮助我学习
示按计划或义务必须
their plan?他们的计划什
动作,常与频度副词
英语。
要去做某事
么时候交上来?
连用
“be about to+动词原
在since引导的时间状
It has been two years since
The English evening is about
形”表示客观上马上就
语从句中,若主句是现
my father left for England.
to begin.英语晚会即将
要发生的事,不与具体
在完成时,从句需用一
我父亲去英国已经两
开始。
的时间状语连用
般过去时
年了。
●现在进行时
有些句子中没有具体
We didn't win the match,
的表示过去的时间状
because he failed to score
构成:主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词
语,但实际指过去发生
the goal.我们没有赢得比
标志词:now,right now,at present,at this time,at
的动作或存在的状态
赛,因为他没有得分。
the/this moment,these days,when,while,
look,listen等
●一般将来时
构成:主语+will/shall+动词原形:
用法
例句
主语+be(am/is/are)going to+动词原形;
表示此时此刻正在
I'm doing my maths homework.
主语+be(about)to+动词原形;
进行的动作
我正在做我的数学作业。
主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词
表示现阶段正在进
The students are working on the
标志词:tomorrow,soon,later,next week/month/.·,
行的动作或持续的
farm these days,这些天学生
in+一段时间,one day,in the(near
状态
们正在农场劳动。
future等
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续表
注意
用法
例句
(1)现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发
go,leave,arrive,start
Mary is arriving here at 4 o'clock
生的动作。但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现
等短暂性动词用现在
this afternoon.Mary今天下午4
在造成的影响或结果,不与确定的过去时间状语连
进行时表将来
点钟将到达这里。
用:一般过去时表示动作发生在过去,不强调与现在
的关系,常与确定的过去时间状语连用。如:
过去进行时
I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电
构成:主语+was/were+动词的现在分词
影了。
标志词:then,at that time,at ten yesterday,at this
I saw the film last night.我昨天晚上看了这部电
time yesterday,when/while引导的表示过
影。
去时间的状语从句等
(2)现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与
用法
例句
for,since等引导的时间状语连用。若要与一段时间
连用,则要将瞬间性动词转化为意思相近的延续性
表示过去某一时刻或过
They were watching TV at 7
动词。常见的变化如下:
去某一段时间内正在进
:00 last night.昨晚7点他
buy-have
borrow-一+keep begin/start-→beon
行的动作
们正在看电视。
close-+be closed open-→be open die-→+be dead
表示一个动作发生时,
She was reading an English
come→be here go-→be there
finish-→be over
另外一个动作正在进
magazine when I came in.
行,常与when,while,
我进来时,她正在看一本英
as引导的时间状语连用
语杂志。
考点2动词的语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动
过去进行时常和频度副
词连用,表示过去频繁
always
词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态。
Her father
was
发生的习惯性动作,此
working like that.她父亲总
主动语态中主语是动作的执行者,被动语态中主
时的过去进行时带有一
是那样工作。
语是动作的承受者。
定的感情色彩
·被动语态的构成
现在完成时
语态
被动结构
例句
构成:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
一般现在
The classroom is cleaned by
标志词:already,ever,never,just,yet,still,
am/is/are
时的被动
students every day.学生们
recently,lately,so far,up to/till now,in
+done
语态
每天都要打扫教室。
the past/last three years/,..,since+时间
点,for+一段时间等
般过去
was
offered a new job
was/were
用法
例句
时的被动
here.我在那里得到了一
+done
表示过去发生的动作或
语态
份新工作。
He has already left..他已经
已经完成的某一动作对
离开了。
现在造成的影响和结果
will/shall
Trees will be planted on
表示从过去开始持续到
般将来
(仅限于第
I haven't received his letter
both sides of the road next
现在的动作或状态,也
for almost a month.我已经
时的被动
一人称)/
year.明年道路两边将会种
许还要持续下去,常和
将近一个月都没有收到过
语态
be going to
上树。
+be +done
for,since连用
他的信了。
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续表
常见的主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
语态
被动结构
例句
1.主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear,see,
Many picture books have
watch,notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补
现在完成
been made into cartoons in
足语,变为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。
have/has
时的被动
he past20yeas.在过去
如:hear/see sb.do sth.→sb.be heard/seen to
been done
语态
的20年里,许多图画书已
do sth.
经被制作成了动画片。
2.主动语态中有些使役动词(如make,let
含情态动
等)后用不带o的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动
情态动词
Waste paper shouldn't be
词的被动
thrown here.废纸不应该扔
语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。如:make sb.do
+be +done
语态
在这里。
sth.-sb.be made to do sth.
。主动形式表被动意义的情况
●被动语态的用法
1.某些感官动词(如smell,taste,sound,look等)
用法
例句
描述某物特性时,用主动形式表被动意义。如:
The machine was made in
不知道谁是动作的执
The noodles taste delicious.面条尝起来很美味。
China.这台机器是中国制
行者
2.不及物动词及部分动词短语,如happen,take
造的。
place,belong to,break down等用主动形式表被
The book
is
written for
没必要指出谁是动作
动意义。如:The desk belongs to him.这张桌子
children..这本书是为孩子
的执行者
是属于他的。
们写的。
3.当write,sell,wash等词作不及物动词且表示主
需要强调或突出动作
The window was broken
语(某物)的某种属性时,多与副词well,quickly
的承受者,而不强调动
yesterday.
昨天窗户被打
作的执行者
破了。
等连用,可用主动形式表被动意义。如:These
novels didn't sell well.这些小说卖得不好。
Many houses were destroyed
动作的执行者不是人,
by the accident.这次事故
4.be worth doing中的doing表示被动意义。如:
而是无生命的事物
毁坏了许多房屋。
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
5.need/require doing结构相当于need/require+to
●主动语态变被动语态的方法
be done,to be done是不定式的被动结构。如:
主动Everybody likes the cute girl
in the class.
语态
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
Your car needs washing.Your car needs to be
washed.你的汽车需要清洗了。
The cute girl is liked by everybody in the class.
语态
原宾语
be+done
by+原主语
状语
语法专题情境练
I.单项选择
C.will appear
D.appeared
1.[2024呼和浩特,10]In China,hot pot has a
2.[2023呼和浩特,10]一Did you enjoy the party last
history of over 1,000 years.It first D in the
night?
Mongolia area,and then became popular in the
-Yes,we
C well by our hosts.
southern part of China.
A.treated
B.treat
A.has appeared
B.appears
C.were treated
D.are treated
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3.[223呼和浩特,1l]-I haven't finished my dinner yet.
1.[2024呼和浩特,69]About a hundred vocational
-Hurry up!Our friends C for us at the gate.
(职业的)high schools and colleges will be set
A.wait
B.have waited
up across the country in the following years.
C.are waiting
D.will wait
2.[2023呼和浩特,65]Lao She's short stories are
4.Eliott Tordo,a young man from France,
B
read by millions of people every year.
erhu for several years.He also presents his work
3.[2023呼和浩特,70]So far,in chip(芯片)
on the Internet.
designing,China has done well in the mid-
A.practiced
B.has practiced
and low-end market,but there is still a long way
C.practices
D.will practice
to go.
5.-The date May 12th is unforgettable to most 4.The children were getting ready for the
people in Sichuan.
coming Reading Week when Miss Li arrived.
-That's true.My parents can still remember what
5.-Are you still in the office?It's almost ten o'clock.
they C when that earthquake happened.
-Yeah.I haven't finished writing my
A.are doing
B.did
report.But don't worry.There's nothing much
C.were doing
D.have done
left.
6.If we keep on trying together,we C the match
6.Dora and her friends were chatting with each
with our hard work.
other when Mr.Liu came into the classroom.
A.win
B.won
C.will win D.have won
7.As time goes by,the life we are used to will
7.China Mobile expected that the number of 5G
change a lot in a few years'time.
mobile connections in China B one billion by
Ⅲ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子
the year 2025.
1.[2024包头,67]一How can I become a successful
A.will reach
B.would reach
person?
C.has reached
D.had reached
-Well,you should remember that success is
8.-Sorry,Mr.Brown.
my homework at
never achieved by luck.(achieve)
home yesterday.
2.December 20,2024 is the 25th anniversary of
-It doesn't matter!Don't
to bring it
Macao's return to China.During the past 25
tomorrow.
years,Macao has made many achievements
A.left;forget
B.left;forgot
in economy,culture and technology.(make)
C.leave;forget
D.forgot;forgot
3.Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese
9.Today we have a science class.Now we B
poetry written in classical Chinese and is
some research in the laboratory with Ms.Jiang.
known for its certain traditional forms and close
A.do
B.are doing
connections with particular historical periods.
C.did
D.have done
(write)
Ⅱ.用所给词或短语的适当形式填空
4.My aunt worked as a nurse in a hospital for
chat with finish get do well in
20 years.But she left there 2 years ago and now
change read set up
she is a housewife.(work)
请完成《情境作业本》(P55)中的练习题
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