4.专题四 形容词和副词(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年内蒙古中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本（人教版）

专题四 形容词和副词 语法知识理重点 作定语 作表语 形容词的基本用法 作补足语 作状语 作状语 形容词和副词 作表语 的基本用法 副词的基本用法 作定语 作补足语 与形容词同形 形容词后直接加-y 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，变y为i,再加-y 形突词变副词 以辅音字母加-le结尾的形容词，去e加-y 少数以e结尾的形容词，去掉e再加-y 以结尾的形容词只加-y 常见的同类形容词词义辨析 形容词 形容词的分类及辨析 常见的反义形容词词义辨析 和副词 形容词和副词 常见的同类副词词义辨析 的分类及辨析 副词的分类及辨析 常见的易混副词词义辨析 形容词和副词的混合辨析 规侧变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 构成 多音节词和部分双音节词 不规则变化 形容词和副词 的比较等级 原级的用法 用法 比较级的用法 最高级的用法 常见的形容词 形容词短语 和副词短语 副词短语 重点语法分点过 考点刀形容词和副词的基本用法 续表 ·形容词的基本用法 功能 用法 举例 功能 用法 举例 形容词修饰复 Can you remind me to call her 单个形容词作 合不定代词作 tomorrow?I have something Tigers and lions are dangerous 定语时，放在 作定语定语时，要放 important to tell her.你能提醒 作定语 animals.老虎和狮子都是危险 被修饰的名词 在复合不定代 我明天给她打电话吗？我有 的动物。 之前 词的后面 重要的事情要告诉她。 111 续表 续表 功能 用法 举例 功能 用法 举例 He was glad to get a letter 与连系动词 般放在所修饰词 Most of the people here from his aunt in Australia. 作表语 构成系表 know each other.这里 他很高兴收到他在澳大 作定语 之后，多表示时间 结构 的大多数人都互相 利亚的婶婶的来信。 或地点 认识 用来说明宾 语的性质、状 作补 说明宾语的位置、 Please come in.请进。 态或特征，常 足语 状态、性质，特征等 I found the book interesting. 作补足语 用于make, ·形容词变副词 我发现这本书很有趣。 keep,leave, 形容词变副词时，常见的变化规则如下： f6ind等词的 变化规则 例词 宾语后 low;fast;late;early:much; Finally,the two girls got to 与形容词同形 deep;little;hard;only 用来补充说 the top of the mountain, final-一→finally: 作状语 明主语的 hungry and tired.最后，这 immediate-immediately 特征 两个女孩爬上了山顶， 直接加y slow→slowly; 又饿又累 quick-→quickly 注意 (1)若形容词如tall,long,high等与数词挺语连 easy-easily:heavy-heavily; 以辅音字母加y结 用时，需置于其后。如：My elder brother is a boy who is 尾，变y为i,再加-y angy→angrily;busy→busily: 1.9 meters tall..我哥哥是一个1.9米高的男孩。 happy-→happily (2)多个形容词修饰一个名词的顺序：限定调一观 以辅音字母加-le结 simple-simply: 点一形状一年龄/新旧一颜色一国家一材料一用途： terrible→terribly; :I have two beautiful new green silk evening dresses. 尾，去e加y ente→gently 我有两件又漂亮又新的绿色丝铜晚礼服 少数以e结尾，去掉 truetruly;due-duly ●副词的基本用法 e再加-y 功能 用法 举例 以Ⅱ结尾的只加y full→fully However, adults can 们奥应用 主要修饰动词、 hardly see things in 作状语 形容词、其他副 children's ways.然而， 1.One day they crossed the A bridge behind the 词或句子 成年人很难以孩子的 palace. 方式看待事物。 A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone 表示地点或位置的 C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old 少数副词，如here, 2.You'd better read today's newspaper,because there here,back等：另 He will be back in two is C in it. 作表语 外，大部分与介词 weeks. 他两周后会 A.anything interesting 同形的副词地可作 回来。 B.interesting something 表语，如of,out, C.something interesting in,dwn等 D.interesting anything 112 thank high medicine gradual 续表 3.Tan Dun is a world-famous composer.People think 分类 侧词 highly of his music. back回来；here在这里；there在那 4.To save people's lives,the doctors and scientists 里；upstairs在楼上；downstairs在楼 地点副词 are risking their lives to do medical research. 下；above在/向…上面：behind 5.Let's remember the important people who helped 在/向…后面：anywhere任何地方 and supported us in our lives.Never fail to be now现在；later后来；immediately立 thankful to them. 时间副词 即，立刻；recently最近；still仍然；at 6.Nobody can succeed overnight.You can (词组) once立刻.马上 gradually make progress by keeping on studying hardly几乎不；never从来不；twice hard. 两次：weekly每周，每周一次：ever 频度副词 考点2形容词和副词的分类及辨析 day每天：always总是，经常：usually (词组) ●形容词的分类及辨析 通常：ofen经常，常常；sometimes有 常见的同类形容词词义辨析：sad,angy,calm 时；again and again一次又一次 excited(情感情绪类)；new,large,colorful,funny also也：besides此外；however然而： (事物描述类)：brave,clever,.honest,sily(人物描 连接副词 anyway无论如何；instead而不是，代 述类) 替；hen那么，否则；moreover而且 常见的反义形容词词义辨析 rich富有的→poor贫穷的 quite相当，完全；very非常；much许 early早的→late晚的 多：alot许多；a little一点儿，一些： 程度副词 easy容易的→di压cult困难的 enough足够：even甚至；almost差不 (词组) safe安全的→dangerous危险的 多：rather相当；nearly差不多，几乎； abit少量 similar相似的→different不同的 low低的→loud大声的 where在哪里；why为什么：when什 busy繁忙的→free空闲的 么时候：how如何：how far多远；how beautiful美丽的一→ug小y丑陋的 疑问副词 much多少（提问不可数名词），多少 slow慢的→quick快的 (词组) 钱；how many多少（提问可数名词）： ·副词的分类及辨析 how long多久，多长；how soon多快： 1.常见的同类副词词义辨析 how often多久一次 分类 例词 han比：of不上课，休息，不工作： 其他刷词 yet还，尚；out外出，离开：ever曾经. finally最后：fully充分地；completely 从来，在任何时候 完全地：easily简单地：actually事实 常见的以-y 上；hopefully有希望地；uccessfully 注意 结尾的副词 成功地；politely有礼貌地；heavily沉 多个不同种类的副词的排列顺序 重地，剧烈地；gradual山y逐渐地： 多个副词修饰动词作状语时，其排列顺序一般 suddenly突然 为“程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词”。 113 2.常见的易混副词词义辨析 (7)also,too与either (1)sometime,sometimes,some time some times 单词 含义及用法 词（组） 含义及用法 “也”，正式用语，常放在句中，位于be动词、 also sometime “某一时间”，可指将来，也可指过去 助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前 “也”，多用于口语，一般用于肯定句，常用于 “有时：不时”，常用于描述现在或过去 sometimes 句末，前面常用逗号与其他成分隔开：还可作 动作发生的频率 too 程度副词，意为“太”，含to0的固定结构有： some time “一段时间”，time是不可数名词 can't be to0+ad.“再…也不为过”；loo…lo “太…而不能…” “几次，几倍”，ime在此是可数名词，意 some times either “也”，用于否定句，其位置固定在句末 为“倍：次” 注意 (2)ago与before 有些以y结尾的词是形容词而非副词，这类形 单词 名义及用法 容词有：friendly,lively,lonely,lovely,silly,ugy, 指以现在为起点的“以前”，常用于一般过 unfriendly,unlikely等。 ago 去时的句子中，且常与表示时间的名词或 副词搭配，一般不单独使用 ●形容词和副词的混合辨析 指以过去某时刻为基准的以前”，常与完 可根据空格处所修饰的成分来确定选择形容 before 成时连用，也可单独使用 词还是副词： 1.空格处修饰名词，用形容词。 (3)hard与hardly 2.空格处修饰动词或形容词，用副词。 单词 含义及用法 3.空格前是系动词或感官动词，则空格处用 “努力地：剧烈地：猛烈地”，为程度副词：作 hard 形容词作表语。 形容词时，意为“困难的” 此外，有些副词有两种形式，其中一种与形容 hardly “几乎不”，是程度副词，但表示否定意义 词同形，另一种是在形容词后加y,但含义有区 (4)yet,already与still(详见本书P58) 别。 具体如下： (5)too much,too many 与much too(详见本书7) 形容词、副词同形 只能作副词 (6)s0与such close靠近的/靠近 closely密切地 单词 含义及用法 high高的/高 highly高级地：很，非常 “如此，这样”，常修饰形容词或副词：当名词 前有many,much,few,little等表示数量多少 free免费的/免费 freely自由地 50 的词修饰时，应用s0:常用结构为“s0+形容 late晚的：迟的/晚：迟 lately近来 词(+a/an+可数名词单数)” deep深的/深 deeply深入地：深刻地 “如此，这样”，修饰名词：若遇到不定冠词a/ near邻近的/临近 nearly几乎：将近 an时，要放在冠词之前，常用结构为“such+ hard困难的/努力地 hardly几乎不 such a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”：也可用于 “suh+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名 most大多数的/非常：极其 mostly主要地 词”结构中 wide宽阔的/充分地 widely广泛地 114 的宽应用 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 7.Siheyuan is a kind of D building around small: smaller; smallest; China with a history of more than 3,000 years. 直接在词尾 high; higher; highest; A.musical B.central 加l-er,-est quick quicker quickest C.national D.traditional 8.-China has formed a great friendship with 以不发音的 nice; nicer: nicest: countries all over the world. 字母e结 large larger largest -That's true.We are A working together in 尾，加-r,st many fields. 以重读闭音 A.closely B.luckily 单音节词 节结尾，如 C.politely D.hardly 和少数双果末尾只有 9.As an old saying goes,"He who has B been big: bigger: biggest: 音节词 一个辅音字 to the Great Wall is not a true man. fat fatter; fattest; 母，则双写 A.seldom B.never hot hotter hottest 这一辅音字 C.often D.always 母，再加 10.Mom said we would come to see grandparents -er,-est D the next afternoon. 以辅音字母 A.some times B.some time 加y结尾 happy; happier: happiest; C.sometimes D.sometime 变y为i,再 healthy healthier healthiest 11.-I think your friend Sandy is aA girl. 加-er,-esl 一Exactly. Everything in her room is always in good order. 有些双音 多音节 more most A.tidy B.friendly 节词和多important:: 词和部 importanl important C.lazy D.clever 音节词，在 careful 分双音 more most 12.-There are so many people here.It's too noisy. 词前加 节词 careful careful -That's true.Why not go B a bit more me或mst private instead? 2.不规则变化 A.to somewhere B.somewhere 原级 比较级 最高级 C.to anywhere D.anywhere 13.To help develop students' c thinking, good/well better best teachers can encourage them to ask more "what bad/badly/ill worse worst if”questions. many/much more most A.energetic B.difficult little less least C.creative D.friendly far farther/further farthest/furthest 考点3形容词和副词的比较等级 old older/elder oldest/eldest ·形容词和副词的比较等级的构成 1.规则变化 late later latest 115 注意 续表 (l)elder和eldest主要用于表示家庭成员之间 结构 举例 的长幼关系，lder和oldest则用于表示年龄大小： (2)有些形容词或者副调没有比较等级，如： A+be动词/实义动词+ There are many people who favorite,right,excellent,possible,perfect less+多音节形容词原 are less lucky than us. 级/副词原级+han+B, 有很多人不如我们幸运。 ·形容词和副词的比较等级的用法 表示“A不如B…” 1.原级的用法：表示两者在某一方面相同或不同 比较级+and+比较级， 时用原级，原级前可用表示程度的副词，如：vey, 表示“越来越…”，多 English is becoming more so,too,enough,quite,rather等词修饰 and more important in our 音节词和部分双音节词 life.英语在我们的生活 结构 举例 用“more and more+形容 中变得越来越重要。 词/副词原级” A+be动词/实义动词+ Amy is as beautiful as as+形容词/副词原级+ t山e+比较级+，the+ The harder you study,the Bety.Amy和Betty一样 s+B(肯定)，表示“A和 better your grades will be. 漂亮。 比较级+，表示“越 B一样” 你学习越努力，你的成绩 …,就越…” 就会越好。 A+be动词/实义动词+ A+be动词/实义动词+ Tom is the taller of the two not+as/s0+形容词/副 I'm not as/so serious as he+比较级+of the two boys.Tom是两个男孩中 词原级+as+B(否定)， Tim. 我不如Tim严肃 表示“A是两者中较 表示“A不如B.” 较高的那个。 …的一个” A+be动词/实义动词+ A+be动词/实义动词+ Our school is three times 比较级+han+any Wang Mei is thinner than 倍数+as+形容词/副词 as large as theirs.我们学 oher+可数名词单数， any other student in her 原级+as+B,表示“A 校是他们学校的三倍大。 表示“A比（同一范围内class.王梅比她班里任何 是B的…倍 的)任何一个人/物 个学生都瘦。 A+实义动词+as much/ Tom earns as much money 都…” many…+as+B,表示“A The Yangtze River is as his elder brother.Tom 表示“儿倍于…”时. 和B…数量相同” 挣的钱和他哥哥一样多。 almost twice longer than 用“倍数+比较级+ the Pearl River,长江几 2.比较级的用法：两者之间进行比较，表示“哪一 than”表示 乎比珠江长两倍。 个更…”时用比较级，比较级前常用a little,a 3.最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的人或物进行 bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather 比较时，用最高级。形容词的最高级前必须加定 词修饰，用于加强语气。 冠词the,但副词最高级前的the可以省略。 结构 举例 结构 举例 A+be动词/实义动词+ A+be动词/实义动词+ 比较级(more+多音节形 Tony is cleverer than his the+最高级+（可数名 He is the youngest and tallest 容词/副词原级)+than elder sister..Tony比他的 词单数)+in/of+比较 boy in his class.他是班上年 +B,表示“A比B更 姐姐更聪明。 范围，表示“A是…中 龄最小、个子最高的男孩 最…的” 116 续表 -I can't agree more.Green is as valuable as 结构 举例 gold.(valuable) A+be动词/become+ 18.Keep the balance of your present life while you work one of the+最高级+可She is one of the most famous for a happier and brighter tomorrow.(happy) 数名词复数+in/of+比 writers in the country..她是国 较范围，表示“A是… 家最著名的作家之一。 考点④常见的形容词和副词短语 中最…之一” 形容词短语 A+be动词+he+序 be +adj.+for 数词+形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the be good/ad for对…有益/害 +可数名词单数+比较 second longest river in China. be thirsty for渴望：渴求 范围，表示“A是…第 黄河是中国第二长河。 be/get ready for为…做好准备 几最” e famous/known/wel-known for因.…而著名 特殊疑问词(Which/. be +adj.+with Which season do you like Who)+be动词/实义动 best,spring,summer or be angry with生…的气 词+he+最高级，A,B autumn?你最喜欢哪个季 be busy with忙于 orC?用于三者及三者以 节，春天、夏天还是秋天？ be strict with对严厉/严格 上的人或物之间的比较 be +adj.+to 注意 e harmful to对…有害 (1)比较级与否定词一起连用，表示最高级意义 be similar to与…相似 如：I have never thought of a better job before.我之前从 be nice/kind/friendly to对…友好 来没有想过比这更好的工作。 be thankful to对…心存感激 (2)形容词的最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、 be adj.+at 名词所有格等修饰时，不再加定冠词he。如：She is my est friend..她是我最好的朋友 be good at擅长… be surprised at对…感到惊讶 情魔应 be a angy/mad at对…生气 14.As we all know,on Winter Solstice(冬至)，the be adj.+about night is D of the whole year in North be worried about对…感到担心 Hemisphere(北半球). be careful about当心；注意 A.long B.longer be excited about对…感到激动 C.longest D.the longest be adj.+of 15.While reading,the more careful you are,the B be proud of为…感到骄傲 be afraid of害怕… you can find answers in the article. be tired of厌烦 be full of充满… A.easier B.more easily 其他 C.easiest D.most easily be pleased by对…满意 16.Tang poetry is the highest achievement in the be hard on对…严格要求 history of Chinese poetry development.(high) 17.-Mountains,rivers,forests,lakes and grasslands ●副词短语 are a life community. above all首要的是：尤其 117 twice a week一周两次 C.willing to D.busy with right now=right away立即：马上 20.Some people are B power,wealth and fame, soar到目前为止：迄今为止 but all that I want is only health and happiness. again and again再三地：反复地 A.responsible for B.thirsty for face to face面对面 C.thankful to D.useful to once upon a time从前 21.-This is so difficult that I want to give up. over and over again多次；反复地 -Take it easy. C,it takes time to learn 铜境应用 something new. 19.Grass and flowers came out from the ground in the A.In that case B.For example early spring.Her garden was A life again. C.After all D.By the way A.full of B.interested in 语法专题情境练 【.单项选择 C.most confident D.the most confident 1.[2024呼和浩特，3]To many Chinese,preparing 7.-The weather report says the temperature is going the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival is even to drop C tonight. D than the dinner itself. -Then we'd better dress warmly before going out. A.less important B.the most important A.slowly B.quietly C.as important as D.more important C.suddenly D.directly 2.[2024呼和浩特，5]Huangmei0 pera is Ⅱ，根据句意及首字母提示完成句子 thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province.Don't 1.The fridge is almost empty.Let's go to the miss it during your stay there. supermarket to buy some food and drinks. A.hardly B.widely C.suddenly D.badly 2.Sometimes,the plane tickets can be much cheaper 3.[2023呼和浩特，3]The air has been much D if we book them earlier. these years.Governments are taking action against 3.The musician is good at playing traditional musical pollution. instruments,especially pipa and guzheng A.badly B.worst C.bad D.worse 4.Linda is the most active student in our group. 4.-Where will you work in ten years? She likes to join in different kinds of activities. -It is A to know what will happen in the future. 5.Sam is good at running.He is one of the fastest A.impossible B.negative runners in the school sports team. C.effective D.powerful Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空 5.Unlike search engines such as Google or Baidu, ChatGPT really goes a step C in learning. great bad nature brave nation speak A.closer B.wider C.further D.harder 1.On the website,you can chat with others in 6.With the encouragement of my teachers and English to improve your spoken English. classmates,I've become much B than 2.-Can you imagine an Al actress can act as before. naturally as real ones in TV series? A.confident B.more confident -How fast the technology develops! 118 3.Today,pandas are a symbol of China,and are2.李白以其出众的才华和自信而闻名。 considered a national treasure. Li Bai is famous for his 4.Wild China is the most greatest documents outstanding talent and confidence. that I have watched on CCTV. 3.无论时光如何变迁，中华优秀传统文化都值得 5.The difficulties will be overcome as long as you 分享。 face them bravely enough. No matter how time changes,the excellent traditional 6.Ocean pollution is one of the worst problems Chinese culture is worth sharing_· we have to face now. M.词语运用 Ⅳ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子 二十四节气之一一小满 1.[2024包头，62]When Helen won a prize in the English competition,she believed she was the full rapid use healthy easy gold common happiest girl in the world.(happy) The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year 2.[2024包头，65]Compared with the past,he into 24 solar terms ()Thousands of years ago, community canteens()are providing people, they were created to help with farming,but the solar both young and old,with healthier and term culture is still very 1.useful today to cheaper dishes now.(healthy) people's life.Grain Buds is the eighth solar 3.[2024包头，69]-Which do you think is the safest term of a year.It means that the seeds from the grain car color?Is it a bright color like red? are becoming full but are not ripe(成熟的).Grain -No,it's actually white!If you drive a Buds falls in the middle of the fourth lunar month. white car,there will be fewer aceidents.(actual) Here are some things you may not know about Grain 4.[2023包头，62]一is said that elephants are the Buds. argest existing land mammals(哺乳动物) A good season for eating fish on the Earth. A saying about rain during this time says,"A -But elephant populations have fallen sharply. heavy rainfall makes the river full.Because of a lot (large) of rain,rivers are 2.full of water and a great 5.[2023包头，67]The Earth is getting more and more number of fish.You can't miss the chance to enjoy crowded as the global population is still them.Also,it is such a 3.golden season for growing.(crowd) fishermen! 6.Kun Opera is considered to be one of the oldest Suggestions on health forms of Chinese operas.(old) Wet and hot days are 4.common in this 7.-Amy did very well in her work.She is careful season.It may make you get skin illnesses enough to pay attention to every detail. -We should learn from her.care) 5.easily It is necessary to take more exercise. 8.Our parents hope to provide a more comfortable Walking,jogging and practicing Tai Chi are popular. and richer life for us.(rich) A key period for flower caring V.根据中文提示补全句子 It is a good period for flowers to grow 1.老师说我们应该尽可能多地读英语。 6.rapidly.Caring for your garden becomes The teacher said we should read English as even more important than any other time.If you take much as we could. good care of them,your plants will be 7.healthier. 请完成《情境作业本》(P50~P51)中的练习题 3 119