2.专题二 动词和动词短语(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年内蒙古中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本（人教版）

专题二动词和动词短语 语法知识理重点 原形 动词的基本形式 第三人称单数 过去式与过去分词（同形】 现在分词 实义动词 系动词 动词的分类 助动词 动词和动 动词的分类及词义辨析 情态动词（见专题三） 词短语 近义动词词义辨析 动词词义辨析 反义动词词义辨析 同一动词型 动词短语 不同动词+同一介词/副词型 不同动词+不同介词/副词型 混合型 令重点语法分点过 考点刀动词的基本形式 续表 动词有动词原形、第三人称单数，过去式、过 形式 构成 举例 去分词、现在分词五种形式 start-started; 形式 构成 举例 般在动词原形 work-worked; 后直接加-ed turm-→turned: develop;fill;cook; 动词 没有经过任何 return-returned avoid:build; wear; 原形 变形 volunteer:feel 以不发音的字母 encourage-encouraged: e结尾的动词后 save-saved: 一般在动词原形 take→takes; 过去 只加-d realize→realized 后直接加-s give→gives 式与 以重读闭音节结 do→does: 过去 stop-→stopped: 以-s,0,-X,-sh, 尾且末尾只有一 catch-→catches: 分词 prefer-preferred 第三人 -ch结尾的动词， 个辅音字母的动 mi5s→+mi5ses: drop→dropped: 称单数 后加-es 词，双写此辅音字 teach→teaches hug→hugged 母再加-ed 以辅音字母加y结 study→studies; 以辅音字母加y try→tried: 尾的动词，应先将 ly→lies: 结尾的动词，应将 copy→copied: y变为i,再加-es caTy→carries y变为i,再加-ed tidy→tidied 102 续表 续表 形式 构成 举例 分类 规则 举例 过去 catch-→caught; 在词尾加-ive或 act-active; 式与 teach-→taught: 去e加-ive create→creative 不规则变化 过去 sell-→sold: 动词变 die→dead; 分词 fnd一→found 形容词 其他 wake→wake; 般在动词原 study→studying;fall→ sleep→asleep 形后直接加-ing falling:wait-waiting 情宽应用 以不发音的字母 share→sharing:make 1.Volunteering makes the world warmer.Even e结尾的动词， making:give-giving: small things can make a big difference.(make) 去e再加-ing save-saving 2.Tom couldn't wait to show off his new watch as 以重读闭音节 soon as he arrived here.(arrive) 现在 结尾且末尾只 nun→unning; 3.Paris held the 2024 Summer Olympics with 分词 有一个辅音字 sit→sitting; “Games Wide Open'”as its slogan(口号).(hold) 母的动词，双写 swim→8 wimming: 4."My manager is travelling in Australia now. 此辅音字母再 drop→dropping I can't reach him,"Frank complained.(travel) 加-ing 5.It's useless to cry. We'd better find our way 少数以-ie结尾die→dying; out as soon as possible.(find) 的动词.变ie tie→tying: 6.-What the headmaster said at the graduation have 为y,再加-img lie→lying stuck in many students'minds. 常见的动词变名词、形容词变化如下： -I agree.It was very inspiring.(stick) 分类 规则 举例 考点☒动词的分类与词义辨析 achieve-→achievement: 动词的分类 在词尾加l-ment develop--development; 根据在句子中的功能，动词可以分为以下 improve-improvement 四类： write-→writer; 动词变 在词尾加er, 1.实义动词 visit-→visitor; 名词 -0r,r 实义动词本身具有实际的意义，表示动作或 drive-driver 状态，可在句中单独作谓语。 加-i0n,-tion,-sion connect→connection; (1)按句法功能分为：及物动词和不及物动 或去e加-ion, discuss-→discussion; 词。其用法如下： -tion,-ation invite→invitation 分类 用法 amaze→amazed: 在词尾加-d, relax-relaxed: 及物动词本身意思不完整，需要接 ed,ing或去e 动词变 excite-exciting; 宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如： 加-ing 及物动词 形容词 interest-interesting tell,take,ask,make,like,see, accept-acceptable: buy,show,find,invent,have, 在词尾加-able enjoy-→enjoyable promise,offer等 103 续表 become,grow; 分类 用法 (4)表示状态持续的系动词：keep,stay, 不及物动词本身意思完整，无需接 leave,remain 宾语，不能用于被动语态：若后面接 3.助动词 不及物动词 宾语，必须与介词连用，如：agree, 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独 vi. listen,look,arrive,rise,belong, 作谓语，它只能和它后面的动词一起连用构成谓 exist,smile,come等 语，表示时态、语态等，并帮助构成否定句、疑问 注意 句、强调句和省略句等，有人称和数的变化。常见 在英语中，有些动词既可以作及物动词，又可以 的助动词有be动词(am,is,are):do(does,did, 作不及物动词，如：bgin,start,answer,sing,leave, done);have has,had )will would shall close,consider,insist,decide,learn,prepare,pay, (should)等。 hurt,improve等。 4.情态动词 详见专题三P109 (2)按动作发生过程的长短分为：延续性动词 动词词义辨析 和非延续性动词。其用法如下： 1.近义动词词义辨析 分类 用法 (1)三到达”：mive,rech与et(详见本书0) 也称持续性动词，表示能够延续的动 (2)四“看”：watch,look,see与read(详见本书 作，可以与表示时间段的状语(o+时 P2) 延续性 间段，since+时间点或since从句)连用 3)四“说”：speak,tel,talk与say(详见本书PI0) 动词 如：study,work,stand,lie,know,wak (4)四“穿”：wear,put on,dress与(be)in(详 keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read, 见本书P16) sleep,live,stay等 (5)四“花费”：spend,take,cost与pay(详见本 也称短暂性动词或瞬间性动词，表示瞬 书P16) 间动作，即动作一发生就立即结束，一 (6)四“参加”：attend,join,join in与take part 般不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 in(详见本书P22) 非延续 如：begin,by,close,come,die,fail, (7)四“拿"：lake,bring,cary与get(详见本书 性动词 find,finish,go,join,kill,leave,lend, P26) lose,scll,start,stop,borrow等。若利 (8)四“给”：give,provide,offer与supply(详 表示一段时间的状语连用，需将其转换 见本书P42) 成延续性动词 (9)四“借”：boow,lend,keep与return(详见 2.系动词 本书P82) 系动词，也称连系动词，是用来辅助主语的动 2.反义动词词义辨析 词。它本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，其后必须 laugh笑→cry哭 continue继续→stop停止 跟形容词、名词或介词短语等作表语构成系表结 win赢→lose输 forget忘记+remember记住 构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 buy买→sell卖 (1)be动词：am,is,are; like喜欢→hate讨厌 (2)感官动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel; start/begin开始→finish结束 (3)表示状态变化的系动词：get,tum,go,agree同意→disagree不同意 104 的宽应用 g0on继续 goup上升：增长 7.-Kate,will you please get the book on the shelf g0of(闹钟)发出响声：离开 for me? go over仔细检查：复习 -I'm afraid I can't C it.The shelf is too goby(时间)逝去；过去 high. go through通过：经受 A.find B.read C.reach D.arrive take短语 8.It's reported that the heavy sand storm has D take away拿走 take turns轮流 great loss and trouble for the local people. take care of照顾 take exercise锻炼：做运动 A.solved B.avoided take out取出 take a shower洗澡；淋浴 C.discovered D.caused take care当心；小心 take a look看一下 9.-I don't know what to buy for Mary's birthday.Do take notes记笔记 take pride in感到自豪 you have any idea? take off脱下（衣服）：（飞机等）起飞 -You can buy her a CD.She likes to A CDs. do/make短语 A.collect B.share C.sell D.borrow do sports做运动 10.Once a term,there A a parents'meeting and do some reading读书：阅读 a reading day in our school. do(ones)homework做家庭作业 A.is B.are C.have D.were make money挣钱：赚钱 11.Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, make progress取得进步 try out new things and A career choices. make a difference产生影响：起作用 A.explore B.require C.miss D.control look短语 12.As long as you are doing the right thing,what look at看 look after照顾 others think or B doesn't matter. look out小心 look for寻找 A.tell B.say C.speak D.talk look down on/upon看不起 look forward to盼望；期待 考点☒动词短语 give短语 同一动词型 give in屈服：让步 give out分发：发出 come短语 give birth to生（孩子）：生产 come back回来 come from来自 give back归还：恢复（健康等） come down下来；落下 come in进来 put短语 come over顺便来访 put down降落：放下 put off推迟：拖延 come true实现：成为现实 put out熄灭：扑灭 put into把…放进 come on快点儿：开始：加油 put away把…收好：储存…备用 come through经历：安然度过（危险或难关） put on穿上；上演：增加（体重） come across偶遇：无意中发现 tak短语 come out出版：发表：开花：发芽 talk over讨论；说服 talk back回嘴：顶嘴 g0短语 talk to/with与…谈话 go away走开：离开 go back回去 turn短语 go ahead前进 go down下降 turn out结果是 turn to转向：求助于 105 turn in上交；退还 clean out清除 find out查明：弄清 urn down拒绝：调低（声音） bring out出版：使显现 umup出现：调高（音量） hand out分发：把.…拿出来 ·不同动词+同一介词/副词型 about短语 up短语 think about考虑 care about关心：在乎 putp张贴：搭建 look up查阅：向上看 hear about听说 talk about谈论 wake up醒来 stand up起立：坚持 off短语 bring up提出：养育 end up结束：告终 cut off切断 show off炫耀 call up打电话 give up放弃 see off送行 set off出发 dress up打扮 come up with提出 get off离开：下（车、马等） clean up清洁 put up with忍受 down短语 grow up长大 cut up切碎 break down发生故障 calm down保持冷静 at短语 cut down欣倒 write down写下；记下 point at指向 shout at对…大喊 fall down倒下 laugh at嘲笑 smile at对.…微笑 d山ie down逐渐变弱：逐渐平息 for短语 不同动词+其他介词/副词型 pay for付款；赔偿 care for关心：喜欢 break out爆发 deal with处理 leave for前往 wait for等待 fly away飞走 think of想起：想到 stand for代表 search for搜寻：寻找 hear of听说 look like看起来像 prepare for为…做准备ask for请求：要求 pass by路过 agree with同意 back短语 ·混合型 turn back往回走 get back回来：恢复 sing a song唱一首歌 look back向后看 do some housework做一些家务 away短语 make a contribution做贡献 pass away去世 run away逃跑：跑掉 throw away扔掉 get out of trouble摆脱困境 give away赠送；泄露 die away逐渐消失：逐渐减弱 get in the way of挡…的路：妨碍 get away from摆脱：离开 earn one's living挣钱维持生计 on短语 的舅应用 carry on继续 pass on传递 13.To get a free ticket,many visitors B the keep on继续（进行） live on以…为食 challenge of reciting(背诵)Travelling is Hard get on上车；相处；进展 try on试穿 by Li Bai at the tourist center. hold on等一等（别挂电话） A.take in B.take on depend on依靠：依赖：取决于 C.take off D.take back concentrate on全神贯注；专心于 14.The wind energy costs very little and will never out短语 B.Besides,it produces little pollution. die out灭绝 hang out闲逛 A.blow out B.run out point out指出 work out解决：算出 C.put out D.die out 106 15.-I will miss you when I go abroad for further 16.-When we are in danger,we should C study this autumn. Losing our temper(脾气)isn't going to help. -Don't worry,you can D me by email. -You're right.We must do it with thinking twice. A.come up with B.make friends with A.kick off B.let down C.keep cool D.leave out C.get along with D.keep in touch with 语法专题情境练 I.单项选择 3.We should value the time we spend with our 1.[2024呼和浩特，9]一Tony,come over.What do grandparents.They're getting older day by day. the letters“KIT”mean in the text message? 4.Li Fang's handwriting has improved a lot since -Don't you know that,Amy?They C "keep she started practicing it every day. in touch”. 5.We have translated this book into 40 languages A.ask for B.go for so that people from different countries can read it. C.stand for D.search for 6.Our teacher praises Alice because she often 2.[2023呼和浩特，6]When you g0 to a new school helps the old woman on weekends. this September,you'd better learn how to B Ⅲ.用所给词或短语的适当形式填空 your classmates. prepare look up agree share play A.catch up with B.get along with break down begin come up with C.take care of D.get out of 1.[2024呼和浩特，65]Shared history and 3.Don't be a bookworm.We should B the culture bring 56 peoples in China closer like knowledge we get from books with our life. pomegranate seeds(石榴籽). A.devote B.connect 2.[2023呼和浩特，67]Confucius talked about real C.express D.create 4.-Jack,let's have a picnic after school. harmony(和i谐)before,“Gentlemen have peace but -Sorry.I have D Frank to work on the disagree bad men agree but have no peace. biology report with him. 3.[2023乎和浩特，69]We should come up with A.advised B.expected some new ideas and make more young people fall C.suggested D.promised in love with traditional culture. 5.The TV show A Delicious Guess brings some guests 4.On May 9,2024,the Olympic torch for the Paris to visit cities around China and A the local 2024 Games was lit..The torch relay(接力) cooking style. began its journey to Paris. A.explore B.follow 5.Volunteers in our community are preparing C.improve D.protect for the charity show at the moment. Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示完成句子 6.This morning my clock broke down so I 1.When we feel tired,we can listen to light music overslept and I was late for the meeting. to make us relax. 7.Nowadays,China plays a more and more 2.I wonder what will happen if it rains during the important role on the international stage with its outdoor event. own development. 107 8.Before the tour,we can look up some We should not only learn the modern technology information about Hulun Buir on the Internet. but also pay more attention to Ⅳ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子 the traditional culture. 1.[2024包头，61]一What time does John usually 6.学生们应该参加一些劳动课以提高生活技能。 have breakfast on school days? Students should take part in some -He usually has breakfast at 7 o'clock. labor classes to improve their life skills. (have) M.词语运用 2.[2024包头，66]-How was your interview going? 中国四艺之一一围棋 -Great.I was quite nervous at the beginning,but As a traditional and meaningful board game, I kept my cool and completed the interview weiqi was 1.invented invent)in China more smoothly.(keep) than 4,000 years ago and it is still played until 3.-Why didn't you answer my phone? today. -Sorry,I was taking a shower.But I called The playing pieces are called stones.One player you back right after I got out.(take) 2.uses (use)the white stones and the other, 4.Every morning Lucy opens the window and black.The players take turns to play the stones on breathes in the fresh air deeply.(breath) the game board.As we know,the board's surface 5.He taught for several years in a university 3.has (have)361 cross points.The stones are before becoming a writer.(teach) placed on them. 6.For most of us,to remember things for long Weigi is also called Go in the world.Learning it requires great effort.(require) can not only 4.improve improve)people's 7.It's reported that Chinese White Dolphins are logical thinking ability,but develop their calm facing the danger of dying out now.(face) character.That's why it is more and more popular V.根据中文提示补全句子 with modern people. 1.指南针发明之前，水手们通常依靠星星来识别 In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,weiqi 方向。 5.traveled/travelled (travel)to Japan,and Before the compass was invented,sailors usually then to Europe in the 19th century.Now it has depended on stars to tell directions. grown grow )into an international 2.剪纸在特殊的节日里被用来装饰房子。 competition event.So far,people from over forty Paper cuttings are used to decorate countries have played it.Among them,players from houses during special festivals China,Japan and the Republic of Korea have the 3.懒惰会阻碍你走向成功，所以你必须努力。 highest level of weigi. Laziness will get in the way of your success,so you On February 19,2021,Chinese-English must work hard. Dictionary of Weiqi Term(术语)7.came 4.身体健康主要依赖于良好的食物、适当的运动 come)out in Beijing.It's the first professional 和充足的睡眠。 dictionary about weiqi in China.As a symbol of Health mainly relies on good food, Chinese culture,weiqi has its special language.The proper exercise and enough sleep. dictionary will be used as a necessary tool and bridge 5.我们不仅要学习现代科技，还要更多地关注传 for spreading weigi culture. 统文化 ◆请完成《情境作业本》(P48~P49)中的练习题 108