1.专题一 名词(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年内蒙古中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本（人教版）

加鹿度害 第二部分 中考语法知识精识练 编者语：此部分根挑《义务数育英语课程标准》(2022年版)附录中语法项目表设置内容，且在分析呼和浩特、包头、赤峰近两年涉及语法的 题型（单项选择、完形填空、用所给词或短语的造当形式填空，阅读理解填词、词语运用）考查情况的基础上分专题针对各考点进行 讲解和练可，助力考生攻克语法难关 专题一 名词 语法知识理重点 普通名词 名词的分类 专有名词 一般情况下，在名词词尾直接加s 以s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾在词尾加-es 可数名词变复数以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先变y为i,再加-es 的规则变化以“元音字母+y结尾，直接在词尾加s 可数名词 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe变为v,再加-es 以“辅音字母+0”结尾的名词，有生命的加-es: 无生命的加-5 名词 名词的数 以“元音字母+0” 结尾，直接加s 可数名词变复数的不规则变化 特殊变化 单复数同形 不可数名词的分类 不可数名词 不可数名词的量化 常见的既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词的词 's所有格 名词所有格 ot所有格 双重所有格 名词短语 名词+名词 形容词+名词 重点语法分点过 考点刀名词的分类 续表 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称 类别 举例 的词，根据其意义可以分为普通名词和专有名词。 集体名词 表示一群人或 police,class, 类别 举例 (可数名词) 些事物的词 family,team等 普通 物质名词 表示构成各种 water.sugar. 普通 个体名词 表示个体的人woman,radio, 名词 (不可数 物体的物质或 paper,glass, 名词（可数名词） 或事物的词 song,window等 名词) 材料的词 ice,beef等 96 续表 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化 类别 举例 变化规则 举例 抽象名词表示状态、品质、 fun,interest, star→stars;friend→friends: 普通 (不可数 行为、情感等抽love,health. 般情况下，在名 名词 movie-movies;step-steps; 名词) 象概念的词 sadness等 词词尾直接加-s change→changes;note→notes; 表示人名、国家、 classmate-classmates 地方、书名、事物 class-→classes;bus→buses; Mike,China, 以-s,-x,-dh,-sh 名，机构或组织等 box→boxes;watch→watches: 专有名词 结尾，在词尾加-es Journey to the West, 名称的词（此类词 wish→wishes;brush→brushes Sunday,Beijing等 的中心词的首字 bahy→babies:study→studies: 以“辅音字母+ 母必须大写) country countries;family y”结尾，先变y为 families;story-stories; 情境应用 i,再加-es activity-activities 1.My dad does some reading before going to bed 以“元音字母+ every day.I think it's a good A y”结尾，直接在词 boy→boys;key→keys; day→days;holiday→holidays A.habit B.event C.program D.result 尾加s 2.Please sit straight when you do your homework,or 以f或e结尾 leaf→leaves:wolf→volves; it will do harm to your C. 先将「或e变为 wife→wives;thief-→thieves; A.heart B.stomach C.neck D.foot v,再加-es shelf-shelves;knife-knives 3.The adventure team discovered a great deal of 以“辅音字母+ 1 omato→omatoes: B during their rainforest exploration. 。”结尾，有生命的 potato-potatoes; A.plants B.beauty C.birds D.inseets 加-es:无生命的 piano-→pianos;hero→heroes; 4.Shenzhou-17 was a success.It shows China has 加-5 photo-一→photos made great C in the field of space science. 以“元音字母+ A.teamwork B.invention videovideos:zoo-zoos ”结尾，直接加-s C.progress D.decision 5.Everybody has got a lot in the past three years.It's 巧记口速 a(an)B for your hard work. 名词复数有规律，一般词尾加8： A.word B.prize C.photo D.interest 辅音字母+y型，变y为i加-es 6.-Which D looks better on me? ch,h,s,x真有趣，大多都加s 〔，e真小气，大多都是y来替，在后别忘记： -I think the purple one better.You look great in 字母0，真神奇，无生命加5，有生命加- purple. A.size B.style C.shape D.color 注意 (1)以-s,x,-h,sh结尾，且发音为/s/,//, 考点巴名词的数 //,/小/的名词，变复数时加s:当ch发/k/时，其 在英语中，名词有可数名词和不可数名词之 复数形式是在其后加-s。如：stomach→stomachs 分，而可数名词又有单数和复数之分。 (2)以-h结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s。如： mouth→nouths ·可数名词 (3)有些以-「结尾的名词变复数时，只加5 可数名词是指可以用数目来计算的名词，有 如：oof→oofs:belief→beliefs 单数和复数两种形式。 97 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 类别 举例 变化规则 举例 safety安全：advice劝告，建议； 概念 information信息，消息 man→men: 变a为e型 chemistry化学；geography地理： woman-women 学科 内部元音 抽象 math数学；physics物理 goose-geese 字母变化 变o为ee型 名词 happiness幸福：love爱；sadness 情感 tooth-teeth:foot-feet 忧伤：joy欢乐，高兴 其他 mouse-→mice development发展；economy经 其他 ox-oxen; 济：difficulty困难 词尾加-en或-ren cotton棉，棉花；gold金子： child--→children 材料 plastic塑料；sil认丝绸，丝织物 sheep-→sheep: 单复数同形 物质 rice米；milk牛奶：water水： 饮食 deer→deer 名词 soup汤；tea茶；juice果汁 Chinese-→Chinese; sand沙子；soil土壤：ain雨： 单复数同形 白然物质 Japanese→Japanese sow雪；oil石油 2.不可数名词的量化 某国人 Frenchman-Frenchmen: 变a为e型 (1)数词/不定冠词+计量词+of+不可数名 变复数 Englishman-Englishmen 词，其中计量词的单复数形式随前面的数词而变 AustralianAustralians: 词尾加s 化。如：a piece of advice,two bowls of rice等。 German-Germans (2)只修饰不可数名词的修饰词（组）：much, 拓展 little,a little,a bit of,a good/great deal of,a large (1)名词修饰名词作其定语时，一般只需要把被 amount of等。 修饰的名词变复数即可。若前面的名词是ma/ 注意 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰 woman,当后面被修饰的名词变复数形式时，ia 词（组）有：sone,a lot of/lots of,plenty of,enough, woman也要变成复数形式。如：着woman doctor-→wo most,half,any,all,the rest of women doctors (2)常以复数形式出现的名词 3,常见的既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词的词 ①有些成双成对出现的名词一般用复数形式， 这类名词前不能用a/an,也不能用具体的数词修饰。 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 但可以用a pair of,【wo pairs of,many等修饰。例知： chicken 鸡 鸡肉 橙子 橙汁 trousers裤子；socks袜子；glasses眼镜；shoes鞋； 报纸： experience 经历 经验 paper 纸 shorts短裤；scissors剪刀；jeans牛仔裤：pants裤 论文 子等： exercise 练习 锻炼 radio 收音机无线电 ②除了成双成对出现的名词总以复数形式出现 外，一些特定的词也常以复数形式出现。如： glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 clothes,congratulations,thanks等。 次数： iron 熨斗 铁 time 时间 倍数 ·不可数名词 鱼的 木头： 不可数名词是指不能用数目来计算的名词， fish 鱼肉 wood 树林 种类 木材 一般没有复数形式。 light 电灯 光：光线 work 作品 工作 1.不可数名词的分类 98 的宽应用 续表 7.-Are all the students from B in your class? 类别 用法 举例 -No,there are only 3 in our class.The (1)表示时间、距 others are from other countries. 离、国家等的单数aday's work A.Germany;German B.Germany;Germans -s 名词加's; 天的工作： C.German;Germans D.German;Germany 所有格 (2)表示时间、距 two weeks'leave 8.We can see more and more B doctors work in 离、国家等的复数 两星期的假 hospitals now. 名词直接加 A.woman B.women C.woman's D.women's a map of China一张 of+名词（无生命的） 9.You need two potatoes and a pepper to make 中国地图 of the name of the brave the dish.(potato) 所有格 of+名词（有生命的） 10.A number of directors pay attention to the young man这位勇敢 的年轻人的名字 script()because of its good story.direct) a friend of her mother's 11.All of the factories in this city are not o+名词所有格 双重 她妈妈的一位朋友 allowed to release harmful smoke because it's bad 所有格 「+名词性物主 a new friend of hers for the environment.(factory) 代词 她的一位新朋友 12.The mice in the house seem to know every hidden comer and secret passage(通道)，(mouse) 拓退 ()表示“店铺”“某人的家”“珍所”“办公室” 考点③名词所有格 等名词所有格后，一般省去表示地点的名词。如：趾 名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所属关系，主 the doctor's在诊所；go to my friend's去我朋友家 要有-'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表达方 (2)节日的表达：Father's Day父亲节：Mother's 式，意为“…的”。名词后加或s构成所有格， Day母亲节；New Year's Day新年；Children'sDay儿 多用来表示有生命的人或物：由介词加名词构成 童节：Women's Day妇女节，Teachers'Day教师节。 的名词所有格，多用来表示无生命的事物 相月应用 类别 用法 举例 13 (1)有生命的单数 mothers can't come to the teacher-parent the baby's life 名词或集体名词， meeting because they have gone to Inner 孩子的生命： 直接加-s: Mongolia. her parents'help (2)有生命的复数 A.Sally's and Mary B.Sally's and Mary's 她父母的帮助： 名词，当以：结尾 C.Sally and Mary's D.Sally and Mary women's work 时，加'：不以s结 女性的工作 14.-Mum,you look so tired.What's wrong? -'s 尾时，加-s -I did B housework this morning.Maybe I 所有格 (1)表示几个人共 Jim and Tom's room need a rest now. 同拥有时，在最后 Jim和Tom共用的 A.three hour's B.three hours of 一个人名后加s: 房间： C.three-hour of D.three-hours' (2)表示每个人各自 Jim's and Tom's rooms 15.The boys are sitting around together and they are 拥有时，在每个人名 Jim和Tom各自的 后加-'s,其后名词需 playing a favorite game of D. 房间 使用复数形式 A.they B.them C.their D.theirs 99 考点④名词短语 shared bike共享单车 fast food快餐 social problem社会问题Chinese chess中国象棋 ·名词+名词 情宽应用 名词作定语修饰名词时，前一个名词一般用 单数或不可数名词，如：tea art“茶艺”。但也有名 grammar rules traditional operas personal experience daily life road safety 词复数作定语的例外情况，如：sports meeting'“运动 会”。 16.Last year.Miss Li published a book to share her 例如： personal experience in South Africa. shoe shop鞋店 17.If you want to learn English well,you should food safety食品安全 Silk Road丝绸之路 spring roll春卷 keep the grammar rules in mind. country music乡村音乐 table manners餐桌礼仪 18.Humor is a type of language art,which brings a lot of pleasure and laughter to our daily life. family member家庭成员 health care医疗保健 19.Young children are often taught road safety ●形容词+名词 to avoid traffic accidents. 形容词作定语修饰名词，这种类型的名词短 20.There are many different kinds of traditional 语很常见。例如： operas in China,such as Huai,Yue and blue sky蓝天 spoken/oral English英语口语 Huangmei. black hole黑洞 long history悠久的历史 语法专题情境练 【,单项选择 3.A volunteer is a person who offers to do 1.[2024呼和浩特，2]Nowadays,WeChat is one of the something without being paid,especially for a most convenient ways of C in our daily life. charity or an organization. A.information B.competition 4.Ashley,a friend of mine will go abroad with C.communication D.pollution his family this summer holiday. 2.[2023呼和浩特，9]High-speed trains are seen as Ⅲ，用所给词的适当形式填空 one of the new Four Great A of China. child kind collect dictionary use A.Inventions B.Advantages postman hero somebody else C.Environments D.Technologies 1.[2024呼和浩特，61]The great writer Maya Angelou 3.You can see the C on our faces when we talk once said,"Be a rainbow in somebody else's about the great achievements in the past 70 years. cloud."So,give your friends a hand when they A.press B.proud C.pride D.process need it. 4.My dream is quite different from A.I want to 2.[2024乎和浩特，63]As the technology gets more visit the original place of the Yellow River. developed,AI products will surely better serve A.other people's B.other people their users. C.other's people D.others people 3.[2023呼和浩特，61]Recently,16 Chinese online Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示完成句子 novels have been added to the collection of 1.When you ask for directions on the road,you'd the British Library,which is among the largest better add some polite words such as "Excuse research libraries in the world. me”,“Could you please.?" 4.[2023呼和浩特，62]Norman Bethune is one of the 2.The service of the restaurant is the best.The most famous heroes in China.He came to waiters there are always friendly. China to help the Chinese people. 100 5.More and more Chinese words and phrases have Bob doesn't know how to use this washing been added to some English dictionaries machine so he asks Mom for help 6.We should be thankful for those postmen's 3.每年的3月8日，国际妇女节呼吁建立一个更加 efforts to help people in the countryside receive 平等的世界 products that they buy online. Every year on March 8th,Intemnational Women's 7.All the children should be helped when they are sick. Day calls for a more equal world. They should also be treated with kindness .词语运用 8.The children have cleaned the windows 内蒙古库布齐沙漠的骏马发电站 already,so the room looks much brighter. people experience industry visit V.用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子 electric sheep plant 1.[2024包头，64]As a leader of a team,you In the Kubugi Desert of Inner Mongolia,there need to plan well and make good decisions stands a large power station called the Junma Solar quickly.(lead) Power Station.Walking around it,1.visitors 2.[2024包头，68]Lucy's junior middle school teacher will find it hard to imagine that the area,now made a big difference to her life.She wants covered with blue photovoltaic panels(光伏电池板) to express her thanks to the teacher at the and green 2.plants was once called the "sea of graduation ceremony.different) death” 3.[2023包头，61]Written between1937and1949, Covering an area of around 1.4 million square The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling meters,the Junma Station has over 196,000 photovoltaic novels ever written.(novel) panels to form the picture of a running horse.That's 4.[2023包头，66]The players all have confidence where its name comes from.It's not only the largest in their coach.(confident) desert photovoltaic power station in China,but also 5.The compass helped the Chinese sailor(航海家) the largest in the world. and explorer Zheng He (1371 -1433)sail By September 2022,the project had produced from China to as far as Africa and Arabia. over 2,312 billion kwh of green 3.electricity (explore) It helped save 760,000 tons of standard coal and cut 6.When we were young,our parents often told us not CO,emissions by 1.85 million tons.Besides bringing to believe the strangers'words.It's a simple green energy to local people and 4.industries, way to protect ourselves.strange) the project also helps control desertification 7.Something is wrong with these children's and improve local 5.people's lives.Plants stomachs.We must call 120 at once.(stomach) grow well under the photovoltaic panels and provide V,根据中文提示补全句子 enough food for 6.sheep. 1.很快，政府将把这片空地变成这个城市的贸易 The success of this project explains how a huge 中心。 solar farm has played an important role in protecting the Soon,the government will turn this open space into environment.It also offers valuable 7.experience this city's trade center to both China and the world,encouraging them to use 2.鲍勃不知道如何使用这台洗衣机，所以他向妈 the clean energy to turn more“dead”deserts into 妈求助。 oases(绿洲). 请完成《情境作业本》(P47)中的练习题 101